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है”ह”ह

IS 14817-6 (2004): Mechanical Vibration - Evaluation ofMachine Vibration by Measurements on Non-Rotating Parts,Part 6: Reciprocationg Machinces with Power Rating Above100 kW [MED 28: Mechanical Vibration and Shock]

IS 14817 (Patt 6): 2004ISO 10816-6:1995

Indian Standard

MECHANICAL VIBRATION — EVALUATION OFMACHINE VIBRATION BY MEASUREMENTS ON

NON-ROTATING PARTSPART 6 RECIPROCATING MACHINES WITH POWER RATING ABOVE 100 kW

ICS 17.160

0 BIS 2004

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002June 2004 Price Group 5

Mechanical Vibration and Shock Sectional Committee, ME 28

NATIO-NAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard (Part 6) which is identical with ISO 10816-6 : 1995 ‘Mechanical vibration —Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts — Part 6 : Reciprocatingmachines with power ratings above 100 kW’ issued by the International Organization forStandardization (ISO) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendations of theMechanical Vibration and Shock Sectional Committee and approval of the Mechanical EngineeringDivision Council.

The text of ISO Standard has been approved as suitable for publication as an Indian Standard withoutdeviations. Certain conventions are, however, not identical to those used in “Indian Standards.Attention is particularly drawn to the following:

a) Wherever the words ‘1nternational Standard’ appear referring to this standard, they should beread as ‘Indian Standard’.

b) Comma (,) has been used as a decimal marker, while in Indian Standards, the currentpractice is to use a point (.) as, the decimal marker.

In this adopted standard, reference appears to the following International Standard for which IndianStandard also exists. The corresponding Indian Standard which is to be substituted in its place isgiven below along with its degree of equivalence for the edition indicated:

/nternationa/ Standard Corresponding Indian Standard Degree ofEquivalence

ISO 2041 :1990 Vibration and shock — IS 11717: 1999 Vocabulary on vibration IdenticalVocabulary and shock

For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, thefinal value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off inaccordance with IS 2 : 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised’. The number ofsignificant places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified valuein this standard.

IS 14817 (Part 6) :2004ISO 10816-6:1995

indian Standard

MECHANICAL VIBRATION — EVALUATION OFMACHINE VIBRATION BY MEASUREMENTS ON

NON-ROTATING PARTSPART 6 RECIPROCATING MACHINES WITH POWER RATING ABOVE 100 kW

1 Scope

This part of ISO 10816 specifies the general conditionsand procedures for the measurement and evaluation ofvibration, using measurements made on the non-rotatingand non-reciprocating parts of complete machines. Shaftvibration, including torsional vibration, is beyond thescope of this part of ISO 10816.

It generally applies to reciprocating piston machinesmounted either rigidly or resiliently with power ratings ofabove 100 kW, Typical examples of application are:marine propulsion engines, marine auxiliary engines,engines operating in diesel generator sets, gascompressors and engines for diesel locomotives.

The general evaluation criteria which are presented relateto both operational monitoring and acceptance testing.They are also used to ensure that the machine vibrationdoes not adversely affect the equipment directlymounted on the machine.

Consideration should also be given to the machinerydriven by or driving the reciprocating machine. Theseshould be evaluated in accordance with relevantstandards and classification for the intended duty.

It is recognized that the evaluation criteria may only haveIlmited application when considering the effects ofinternal machine components; for example, problemsassociated with valves, loose pistons, piston rings, etc.are unlikely to be reflected in the measurements.Identification of such problems requires investigative

techniques which are outside the scope of this part ofISO 10816. Noise is also outside the scope of this part of1s010816.

This part of ISO 10816 does not apply to machinesinstalled in road vehicles (e.g. trucks, passenger cars,self-propelling construction machinery and tractors).

2 Normative reference

The following standard contains provisions which,through reference in this text, constitute provisions ofthis part of ISO 10816. At the time of publication, theedition indicated was valid. All standards are subject torevision, and parties to agreements based on this part ofISO 10816 are encouraged to investigate the possibilityof applying the most recent edition of the standardindicated below. Members of IEC and ISO maintainregisters of currently valid International Standards.

ISO 2041:1990, Vibration and shock — Vocabulary.

3 Definitions

For the purposes of thisdefinitions given in ISO 2041apply.

part of ISO 10816, theand the following definition

3.1 vibration severity A generic term that designates avalue, or set of values, such as a maximum value,average or r.m.s. value, or other parameter that is

1

IS 14817 (Part 6) :2004iso 10816-6:1995

descriptive of the vibration. It may refer to instantaneousvalues or average values.

NOTE1 ISO 2041 includes two notes in the above definition.These notes are not applicable to this part of ISO 10816.

4 Measurements

4.1 Measuring instrument and measuredquantities

Criteria for classifying vibration severity for reciprocatingmachines are specified in clause 5. The classificationsare based on measurement of overall values of vibrationdisplacement, velocity and acceleration over a frequencyrange of 2 Hz to 1 000 Hz.

It is recognized that the main excitation frequencies forreciprocating machines are generally found in the range2 Hz to 300 Hz. However, when considering the com-plete machine including auxiliary equipment that is afunctional part of the machine, a range of at least 2 Hz to1000 Hz is required to characterize the vibration. Forspecial purposes, a different range may be agreedbetween the manufacturer and customer.

Since the overall vibration signal usually contains manyfrequency components, there is no simple mathematicalrelationship between the r.m.s. and peak, or peak-topeak overall vibration measurements. Therefore thepreferred measuring system should provide the overaiir.m.s. values of displacement, velocity and acceleration

with an accuracy of ~ 10 ‘?Lo over the range 10 Hz to

I 000 Hz and an accuracy of ~~ YO over the range 2 Hz

to 10 Hz. These values may be obtained from a singlesensor whose signal is processed to derive the quantitiesnot directly measured (e.g. an accelerometer whoseoutput is integrated once for velocity and twice fordisplacement). Care should be taken to ensure that anyprocessing does not adversely affect the requiredaccuracy of the measuring system.

Both the frequency response and measured vibrationamphtudes are affected by the method of attachment ofthe transducer(s). It is especially important to maintain agood attachment between the transducer and themachine when the vibration values are high. For exam-ple, ISO 5348 gives guidance on the mounting ofaccelerometers.

4.2 Points and directionof measurement

To ensure that the evacuation of the vibrationmeasurements is as uniform as possibie and, further,that the best possibie comparison between differentmachines is achieved, preferred measurement positionsare specified in figures 1 to 3. Generaiiy, measurementsshould be taken at these points in the three machine-reiatad main directions indicated.

The machines presented in figures 1 to 3 are exampiesonly. For different versions (e.g. radial machines), similarmeasurement points appiy.

Provided it is known from experience with simiiarmachines at which points the maximum vibrationseverity is to be expected, it is not nacessa~ to consider”aii the points specified in the figures, .Accessible ioad-carrying bearing positions shouid be inciudad. However,for acceptance testing, if fewer measurement points areused, this shouid be agreed between the manufacturerand customer.

If several measurement points are taken into account formore carefui investigation or for comparative purposes, itis recommended that those of figures 1 to 3 be preferred.

When selecting the exact measurement points, theconfiguration and installation restrictions of the particularmachine involved should be ailowad for. Aii measur+ment points are to be chosen in such a way that thevibration transducer is properly attached to the mainstructure of the machine.

Vibration measurements of machin~mounted compo-nents may give usefui information regarding their failure,however the guide values referred to in this part ofISO 10816 apply to the positions given in figures 1 to 3on the main structure of the machine.

EXAMPLE

The right-hand top edge of a frame, on the coupling end~——.

of a machine, in the y (horizormai) direction is designated

1

‘,

as:

R3.1y

2

IS 14817 (Part 6) :20041s0 10816-6:1995

\L

Key

Sides of measurement L Left-hand when facing the coupling

flange

R Right-hand when facing the

coupling flange

Levels of 1 Machine end of mountingmeasurement 2 Crankshaft level

3 Top edge of frame

Measurement points .1 Coupling endrelated to machine .2 Mid-machinelength .3 Free end of machine

Figure1— Example of a verticalin-line machine

.3

\ xx

L

NOTE — See figure 1 for key

Figure2 — Exampleof a multicylinderVee machine

.3

.2

.1

L x

NOTE — See figure 1 for key,

Figure3 — Exampleof a horizontalopposedmachine

4.3 Operating conditions duringmeasurements

Measurements should be taken when the machine hasreached its steady-state operating conditions (e.g. normaloperating temperature). The determination of the ma-chine vibration severity shall be based on the maximumvibration occurring over the entire power and speedrange approved for normal operation,

4.4 Record of measured results

Records of measured results -should include essentialdata of the machine and of the measuring system used,These data may be entered on forms 1 and 2, given inannex B, which can serve as a measurement record,

5 Vibration criteria

Vibration severity grades are presented numerically intable 1, and graphically in annex C. In order to quantifythese it is necessary to measure the overall (broad-band)r.m.s. values (2 Hz to 1 000 Hz) of displacement, velocityand acceleration. Severity grades shall be obtained foreach of the highest overall r.m,s. value of the displace-ment, velocity and acceleration measured on the mainstructure of the machine. The machine vibration severitygrade is the highest of these three grades,

3

IS 14817 (Part 6) :20041s0 10816-6:1995

As an example, the vibration values given in table 2 wereobtained at position R3.I on the main structure of amachine. The corresponding vibration severity gradesfrom table 1 are given in square brackets. As aconclusion, the machine vibration severity grade at this

position is therefore 28. All other positions should be

reviewed similarly to establish the maximum vibration

severity grade over the machine.

Table 1— Vibration severitygrades(2 Hz to 1000 Hz)

Limitingvaluesofoverallvibration

Vibration measuredonthemachinestructure

severity Displacement Velocity Acceleration

grade

~m (r.m.s.) mm/s (r.m.s.) m/s2 (r.m.s.)

1,1 s 17,8 <1,12 < 1,76

1,8 s 28,3 G 1,78 s 2,79

2,8 == 44,8 s 2,82 <4,42

4,5 == 71,0 s 4,46 <7,01

7,1 <113 <7,07 <11,1

11 s178 <11,2 < 17,6

18 s 283 s 17,8 s 27,9

28 s 448 s 28,2 s 44,2

45 <710 s 44,6 <70,1

71 =1125 <70,7 <Ill

112 s 1784 <112 s176

180 >1784 >112 >176

dOTE — The values were detived from constant displacement in the

ange 2 Hz to 10 Hz, constant veloci~ from 10 Hz to 250 Hz and

:onstant acceleration from 250 Hz to 1000 Hz.

The vibration severity value associated with a particulartype of machine depends on its size and mass, thecharacteristics of the mounting system and the operatingconditions, etc. It is therefore necessary to take accountof the various purposes and circumstances concernedwhen applying the vibration severity grades. Themaximum value measured across the overall length ofthe machine will then be used for determining thevibration severity. Reciprocating machine classificationnumbers and guide values are presented in annex A.

Flexible mountings are used extensively to reduce theeffect of a machine on its environment. The design andapplication of these are outside the sco~e of this Dart of1s0 10816:

NOTES

2 Guidelines for vibration isolators are given in ISO 2017

3 Guidelines for vibration effects on buildings are given inISO 4866.

Table2 — Exampleof vibrationvalues

Measured vibration values I

Position ] Displacement\ Velocity ] AccelerationI

~m (r.m.s.) mm/s (r,m.s.) m/s2 (r.m.s.)

R3.lx 100 [grade 7,1 ] 15 [grade 181 9 [grade 7,1]

R3.IY I 150 [grade 111 I 16 [grade 181 I 8 [grade 7,11 I

R3. Iz 250 [grade 181 22 [grade 281 10 [grade 7,11

4

IS 14817 (Part 6) :20041s0 10816-6:1995

Annex A

(nOf_rnatiVe)

Machine vibration classification

Vibration classification numbers and guide values for reciprocating machines are given in table A.1. The guidance valuesassist in evaluating the vibration severity to which the machine frame and attached ancillaries and equipment may besubjected.

A reciprocating machine could well be classified by more than one class depending upon its type, application, size,configuration, flexible or rigid mounting and speed. For example, many industrial and marine diesel engines may beclassified in either classification number 5, 6 or 7.

As and when circumstances permit, recommendations for acceptable guide values of vibration severity for particulartypes of machine will be prepared. Until such time, classifications may be agreed between the manufacturer andcustomers, using experience or results of operation’)

1) Information on vibration values of reciprocating machines collected m accordance with this part of ISO 10816 are

welcomed and should be communicated to the national standards body in the country of origin for transmission to the

secretariat of lSO/TC 108/SC 2,

5

IS 14817 (Part 6) :2004ISO 10816-6:1995

Table A.1 — Vibration claee-ficationnumbers and guide valuea for reciprocating machinee

Maximum values of overall vibration Mashina vfbration classification numberVibration measured on tha machina atrusturaseverity Diaplacemant velocity Arxalaration 1 I 213 4 5/6[7

grade ym (r,m.s.) mm/s(r.m.s.) rrdsz(r.m, s.) Evaluation ZOIWS

1,1

17,8 1,12 1,76

1,8

28,3 1,78 2,79 Am2,8 AJB

44,8 2,82 4,42 AIB4,5 NB

71,0 4,46 7,01 A!B7,1 c AJB

113 7,07 11,1 NB11 c

178 11,2 17,6

18 c

283 17,6 27,9

28 c

448 28,2 44,2

45 D c710 44,6 70,1 D

71 D c

1125 70,7 111 D

112 ‘D c1784 112 176 D

180 D

Key to zones

A The vibration of newly commissioned machines would normally fall within this zone,

B, Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered acceptable for long-term operation.

c: Machines with vibration within this zone are normally considered unsatisfactory for Ion&term continuous operation. Generally, the machine

may be operated for a limited period in this condition until a suitable opportuni~ arises for remedial action,

D: Vibration values within this zone are normally considered to be of sufficient severity to cause damage to the machine,

NOTE — Vibration values fo+ reciprocating machines may tend to be more constant over the life of the machine than for rotating machines,

Therefore zones A and B are combined in this table. In future, when more experience is accumulated, guide values to differentiate between zones A

and B maybe provided.

6

IS 14817 (Part 6) :2004tso 10816-6:1995

Annex B(informative)

Forms for vibration measurements on reciprocating machines

Vibration meesurementa on reciprocating machines

Measurement recordForm 1

B.1 General

Record No.: Installation site:

Date: Measured by:

B.2 Details of reciprocetfrrg machine

Kind: Diesel engine/compressorl} Function: driver/drivenll

Manufacturer: Type/Serial No.:

Machine ID No.: Configuration: in-line horizontaWertical; Vee; opposadl~

Number of cylinders: Working cycle: two/four strokel); single/double effectl)

Related speed: rlmin Speed during measurement rlmin

Related power kw Power during measurement:: kW

Mounting: ngid/resllientl! directly/on baseplate) ConnectIon: rigicVflexiblel)

Notes:

B.3 Details of measuring system

Instrument type: Make:

Transducer type: Attachment

Does the measuring system comply with the requirements of 4.1 of ISO 1081 N 1995; i.e. overall r.ms. values 10 Hz to 1000 Hz with

accuracy ~ 10%; 2 Hz to 10I-lzWithaccuracy~~~Yo? Yes/Nol)

Notes:

0.4 Results

Sketch machine below: Designate measurement points m accordance with figures 1 to 3 of ISO 10818-8:1995.

Measurement values: Enter In form 2.

Measurement records, spectra, diagrams, etc. should be attached, giving points and directions of measurement, and the power and speec

at the time of measurement, If applicable.

—

IIrectlons of measurements: related to crankshaft axis (see figures 1 to 3 of

SO 10818-6:1 995)I = axial; y = norlzontal-transverse;z = veflical

1) Delete/sumiemenl as aDDrODMe

IS 14817 (Part 6) :2004ISO 10816-6:1995

Vibrationmeasurementsonreciprocatingmachinas Form2Measurementresults

fleasura- Measurementquant”~ r.m.s.overallvalues(2Hz A 1000 Hz)

ment speed Power Horizontal-transverse Vertical Adal

point d v a d v a d v a NotaaNo. tr/min kW Km mmls m/s2 pm mm/s m/s2 p,m mm/s mlsz

S sketch Ml) cl) Ml) cl) Ml) cl] Ml] cl) Ml) cl} Ml) cl] Ml) c1) Ml] cl) Ml) cl)

1) Mark as appropriate: M = measured directlyC = calculated from frequency spectrum

8

IS 14817 (Part 6) :20041s0 10816-6:1995

Annex C(informative)

Vibration severity grade nomograph

The vibration nomograph given. as figure C.1 shows a range of vibration severity grades. A multifrequency vibrationsystem cannot easily be classified on a discrete frequency scale, therefore the limiting values for each grade are primarilypresented in table 1. Machines with a multifrequenc~ vibration should therefore be classified by comparing the measuredoverall values of displacement, velocity and acceleration with the values given in table 1.

Severity grades are obtained for each of the highest overall r.ms. value of the displacement, velocity and accelerationmeasured on the main structure of the machine. The vibration severity grade of the machine is the highest of these threegrades.

NOTE 4 If a machine is known from frequency analysis to have only one vibration frequency component present at a particularfrequency, this may be classified directly using the nomograph, using only one of the parameters displacement velocity oracceleration

1000

100

10

1

0,/ 7

/’ \/10 100 250 1000

Frequency, Hz

- FigureC.1— Vibrationseveritygrade nomograph

9

IS 14817 (Part 6) :20041s0 10816-6:1995

Annex D(informative)

Bibliography

[11 ISO 2017:I 882, Vibmtion and shock — /so/ators — Procedure for specifying chazectetibtks.

[21 ISO 2954:1975,Mechanical vibration of rotating and reciprocating machinery — Requirements for instruments for

measuring vibration severity.

[31 ISO 4866:1880, Mechanics/ vibration and shock — Vibration of buildings — Guidelines for the measurement of

vibrations and evaluation of their effects on bui/dings.

[41 ISO 5348:1887, Mechanics/ vibtation and shock — Mechanical mounting of accelerometers.

[51 ISO 8528-9:1995, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets — Part 9:Measurement and evaluation of mechanical vibrations.

[61 ISO 10816-1:1985, Mechanical vibration — Evaluation of machine vibration by measurements on non-rotating parts— Part 1: General guidelines.

10

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