iron warrior: volume 8, issue 2

8/14/2019 Iron Warrior: Volume 8, Issue 2

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February 1987 The Engineering Society s tudent forum February 1987

They're Off

INSIDEFeatures

The B Civil Concrete Toboggan team plansto bring back the gold from Calgary

Interest lso


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2 Iron Warrior

Mutually Assured ConstructionMost nations are proud of theirsovereignty. People s political

thought may change over time, butpr ide of culture and a willingnessto fight for their country, right orwrong, has remained relatively unchanged. Fear of foreign ideas andcultures have caused nations to become insular.Instead of withdrawing behindnational boundaries, people shouldbe reaching ou t. A reliance and understanding of others is a much bet-ter deterrent to foreign aggressionthan a strong and expensive military .

The current East-West defensepolicy of mutually assured destruction has been successful at deterringmajor confrontations . The fear ofbeing vapourized has prevented anyone from initiating an attack. Butthe costs of this policy have beengreat : billions of dollars have beenwasted the world nations have beensplit into aligned camps, and un neccessary anxieties and tensions havebeen created .

Through the development of economic , scientific and cultural ties a

mutual dependence will be formed.In th is case, a nation would lessenits aggressive views towards anotherbecause of an increased economic reliance and an increased cultural understanding .

With a decrease in aggressive attitudes would come a decrease inthe absurd sum of money spent onweapons. This money could be usedin much better ways . It could bespent domestically or perhaps diverted into a international fund toassist less developed nations.

With increased relations wouldalso come an increase in the flow ofideas. this would be a boon to allparties. Current discussions towardsjoint US-USSR operations in spaceare a step in the right direction.

This synergistic cooperation couldopen untold opportunities. With engineers at the helm, nations mayadapt a foreign policy of mutuallyassured construction. A utopiannuclear-free world may even be created; managed by a global government.

hanging The GuardThere are many organisationswhich lay claim to pa rticipa tion on

an international level. The mostprominent of these is the United Nations. It has a vast number of splinter organisations which provide varied services to the members of theUN.Unfortunately, the United Nations is managed by politicians. Acommon characteristic of this breedis their necessity to please their constituents back home. What keepsthe public happy, unfortunately, isnot always the best long range decision. In their desire to please thepublic, they may not always makethe decision which reflects nationaland global interests. Their goal is toscore points with the public in theircountry. Politicians are afraid to goagainst the grain.

Representation in internationalorganisati ons should consist of businesemen, scientists, engineers,economists and other professionalswho share common goals. Professional thought conduct and objectives are globally generic. They donot have to worry about pleasing

The Iron Warrior is a forum forideas presented by the students of theUniversity of Waterloo. Views expressed in the Iron Warrior otherthan editorials, are of the authorsand do not neceuarily re8ect the opinions of the editors.The Iron Warrior welcomes all submissions from students, faculty, andother members of the university community. Articles, letters, and artworkshould re8eet the concerns and intellectual level of the University in general.All submissions become the propertyof the Iron Warrior which reserves theright to refuse publication of materialwhich it deeme uDluitable. The Iron

the consituents. While their decisions will reflect the interests oftheir home country, they will notbe afraid to make any which, in theshort term seem detrimental.Professionals will dismiss withnon-issues which tend to occupy amajority of the present discussions.They will quickly move to importantissues which require time and atten-tion. In dealing with these, therewill be no time wasted in uselessbickering. Discussions will be productive and will lead to a constructive decision quickly.Political representation is stillneeded but the majority of the dailybusiness should be left to professionals. Although they will be looking toserve their own best interest, in thiscase, it will be coupled with the bestinterests of their country. This willalso be the ideal setting for culturaland technological exchange with ourglobal neighbours.In an arena where we are on display to the rest of the world, it is theprofessional and common man whocan best represent our ideas and ourculture rather than a politician.

RON fFARRIDRWarrior also reserves the right to editgrammar, spelling, and portions of textthat do not meet University standards.Authors will be contacted for any majorchanges that may be required.Allsubmiaaions must be legible andmust include the au thor s name, class ifapplicable) and a phone number wherehe/she may be reached.All submiaaioDl and advertising enquiries should be forwarded to:Iron WarriorEngineering o c i ~ yCPH 1327 - ext. 2323

February 1987Iron Warrior StaffEditorsMichael H SchatzJames V AbrahamWritersHarak:l BranschTom LeeWhitney EricksonDoug ParkerPeter StubleyAI McGowanSean McKinnonTed JudgeThomas WhiteStephan MehrPautMeyerPaul ArthursDave WhiteheadTim KentCliff KnoxSteve PiotrowskiGreg J KrebsJeff WoodSUsan LeachNeil BoydRob NicholsonSteve MorrisCraig RiceBill LennoxJulian FordCopy EditorsPeter StubleyBarb Hella

Paul MeyerAdvertisingPiotr LabonPhil DldaskalouTypesettingTom Lee (director)Horatio BotStaff of the EERCPhotographyDelia ChesworthAndrew TeareCartgonsPaul ArthursTom LeeLaygutLynda WilSOn (director)Peter StubleySusan LeachAndrew Te8l8on RichardsonOave ScomazzonAndy WilsonTlmKentPhil IdWtaI uKai eI1Ness


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February 1987 ron Warrior 3

From The Dean's Deskby w e LennoxDean of Engineering

I am sure by now that most ofyou are aware that the governmenthas ruled the computer fee invalidas of May 1, 1987. In fact, all incidental fees that are not studentinitiated (eg. society fees) are under review and it is expected thatmany of these will also be declaredtuition related. I f the total tuitioncosts exceed 110% of a 'base' value,the difference is subtracted from theuniversity's grant. The minister hassuggested that this ceiling be raisedto 115% so that the resulting increase in tuition (4.54%) will offsetthe 1088 of incidental fee revenue tothe university. Governments rarelydo anything that is simple . Whatdoes all this mean for you - otherthan a 4.54% tuition increase? Fieldcampe, such as survey camp, maynot be possible since the departmentwill not be able to fund the program. Field tripe may be curtailedalso. We await a ministerial decisionon this.The major impact, however, is theloea of the computer fee revenue.Your fee was in two parts - $100was to offset the coets associatedwith central computing, fee statemeau, coone programs, etc. anduse of the central DCS computen(CMS accounts). This amounted to

by Harald BranschEng Soc B PresidentThe Federation of Students elections were decided only a coupleof weeks ago and I wc.uld like totake this opportunity to publiclycongragulate Ted Carlton, AndrewAbouchar and Lisa Skinner on theirvictories for top positions within theFederation.The engineering influence of Carlton and Abouchar will be very goodfor the Engineering Society, and thecampus at large. Currently thereis a good working relationship between the Feds and us, largely dueto the good nature of Scott Forrest

Where Our Computer Fee Went

report w r i t i n ~(does this mean that all reports willhave to be typed?) . They will alserelieve the strain being placed on t h ~already overloaded Watstar systemespecially if the computer courSIload is to be increased. There is als(the matter of Waterloo's reputatior- if we're at the cutting edge, wh)- ~ ~ ~ i i i i i i . ~ d o , n t we require computers? Appli.

over $1.8 million acroes all faculties.Fifty dollars of the fee came directlyto the Engineering faculty - the 'enhancement' portion. In five terms,this amounted to '442 000. All ofthis money was spent or is committed on computing equipment, related to our teaching programs. Aninventory of this equipment is presented elsewhere. Our strategy wasto first purchase the equipment andthen begin to use a portion of thefee (or maintenance and operatingcosts. Equally 'important, the structure provided the faculty with theopportunity to finally develop comprehensive plans for computing aswe now had an annual base budget.It also provided us with the 'leverap to negotiate , with computercompanies for substan tial discounts.For example, the new Mac lab (over

cations for year one engineering 8 1Queen's doubled after the purchastof a computer was made mandatorl(silly frosh). -\-aBut what about the negative i d e ~ fHow many students can afford tolay < ? ~ _ t l_ ~ ~ ~ 9 9 _ Q n t9P

the situation. It is possible that,since the enhancement portion ofthe fee was directly applied to equipment purchases, the minister maydecide it is not tuition related andallow us to continue that portion ofthe fee.Quite frankly, I hope we succeedwith this argument. I believe thatthe enhancement portion of the feehas greatly offset what was rapidlybecoming a serious problem andhas allowed W I to provide an excellent 'computing ,nvironment' for.udente.Engineering programs everywhereare struggling with this. If we do

Feds nd sand some cooperation between thetwo 'groups'. The elections indi catethat this cooperation will increase.A committee that exists to bringall the society heads together isthe Committee of Presidents, whichmeets regularly to discuss intersociety matters. The tone of thesemeetings is a good barometer ofhow the campus is working from anundergrad society viewpoint. Byvirtue of this position, I have beeninvolved with this environment forover a year.The Fed-Eng political relationship has not always been good, insome cases it was quite poor. For example, the 1983 Fr08h (yeah we're in3B now) were introduced to the federation when Tom Allison (Fed-Prezat that time) gave a little talk andstated that the political structure ofthe unive1'8ity was like the Canadianstructure. A comparison was madebetween the Feds being like the Federal government and the societiesbeing like the provinces. UnCortunately he added, the Engineen weremuch like Quebec. For the mostpart he was corred, but the Feds didnot help matte1'8 with attitudes likethat.This general pattern has pe1'8istedfor quite awhile, however it mustbe said that Scott has had an openmind with engineering, in particular he wanted to work with Eng-Soc,

not fight them . This was a welcomechange, one we have responded toand it has worked or everyone.The signs of the improved working attitude are not blatantly visible. However, on matters such asFed Hall, Imprint and inter-societydealings there have been positive improvements. For example, the booking policy at Fed Hall has been relaxed, so that when we want to runtheme pubs like the Gong Show,Air Bands, Karnival King and BeerBrewing, we are in charge of thenight. The trend for society booking prior to that was toward full Fedcontrol of the event, where any int e r v e n t ~ o n was restricted. This was

not succeed with this argument, thealternatives are:1. cut services2. pay a user fee3. student owned microe.Another option is to pursue theconcept of a student initiated 'Quality of Education Fund' as proposedsome years ago. I estimated thenthat a fee of 60 per term, collectedfrom students (similar to the U of T.system) would allow us to maintainand update our labs. The use of thefee would be done in such a manner

as to be fully accountable to the students. Please give it some thought.It is an investment in your future.The problem is not only computers, per say, but the fact that muchof the 'sta.ndard' lab equipment isbeing computerised.

Central Facilities:WATSTAR IIIMac LabChern EngCiv EngElec EngMgt SciMech Eng8DED,Geo Eng

182,00030,00027,42435,85346,39912,65448,008N,4218

total: $422,909

certainly not the case at the GongShow pub where the Op Amps werein control.A goal for Ted i to maintain theFed' improved relations with engineering and with other societies.Certainly everyone stand to benefit when the exec from all parts ofthe campus are working with eachother instead of against each other.Scott Forrest has set a Cresh, productive tone at the top level of thesocieties on campus, a job well done.Good Luck to the new Exec, I hopea good working environment carriesover in all dealings with the 800n tobe chosen engineering Exec.

WISTIIOUNT fILAce-.7170

60 'NMtnIcM.I1I Rd. N.OPENOAILY~ : = . w .

11 ..rto'pmWISTIIOUNT DtG

CIngc. .OPENWLYMTW8 e:ao 5:30Thu At. 1:30 I:IDaa . d


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4 Iron Warrior February 1987

I ~ ~ ~ P ~ ~ I ~ N ~ T I ~ ~ ~ C ~ U N T E R P ~ I N T Iby Paul Meyer3B Civil

First off, let me state that I don'tlike paying tuition any more thanyou do. The very idea of givingthe university an entire month's takehome pay from my four month workterm alwaye makes me a bit sick tomy stomach. This is the same feel-ing I get whenever I sit down tobend my brain on yet another solidmechanics assignment . I recognizehowever that, like the assignments,tuition ie a necessa.ry (if painful)part of my university education.By doing aesignments and essays,we take some of the responeibilityfor our own learning, rather thaneimply absorbing spongelike fromour profeMOre. By paying tuition,we demonstrate our committment toour own education rather than simply relying upon the government toprovide for us.Obviously, aeeignments and -says cannot be our only source oflearning and tuition cannot be theonly source of funding for univereities. The government, with ourtax dollars, contributes a substantial part of the cost of sending eacha .udeu\ to ~ v e r a i t l t onlyfair to suggest that studen emonstrate that they are serious abouttheir education by paying for therest of the cost.y paying tuition wedemonstr te our committment

to our own educ tionAt the risk of offending some,I also think that tuition is necessary because it DOES discriminateand limit CCe88 to higher education

. . . to those individuals who reallyWANT to attend. When you consider that as an average student , youare paying out more than $6.00 perlecture, it gives you an incentive tomake demands upon both your professor and yourself. Conversationswith students from places where tuition is free have suggested that weat Waterloo demand a lot more fromour profeMOrs than they do. Thesedemands are at least partly justifiedsince are paying at least part ofthe profeMOrs' salaries.

There is also an incentive to passa course the first time, given thecoet of repeating it on a workterm(or adding it to a subsequent termfor non-co-op students) . Tuitioncharges ensure that a student hasan investment in his/her own performance.In some cues, to be sure, this costinvolves significant sacrifices on thepart of the student, but this tend.,to be the exception rather than therule. One has only to observe thelineups at the Bombehelter or FedHall to conclude that a LOT of students have some disposable income.Grant programs such as OSAP areestablished to eneure that a studentwho has genuine financial need i.

Tuition Or Not Tuitioni eOtObLes 11 ; e caddEU l lBGu:nm \ V IJOV-come insular.Instead of withdrawing behindnational boundaries, people shouldbe reaching out . A reliance and understanding of others is a much better deterrent to foreign aggressiorthan a strong and expensive military.

The current East-West defenSfpolicy of mutually assured destruction has been successful at deterrinEmajor confrontations. The fear 0 'being vapourized has prevented anyone from initiating an attack. Bui, the costs of this policy have beergreat: billions of dollars have beer,uoattaA ...... 0 ,-,,, . :1 r H a t ~ . n . hOVGi 'h,oGTWhile the lifestyle one can maintain on OSAP alone is spartan, itisn't impoverished. After all, it's notthe government's intention to payyour way at Rock'n'Roll night everyweek .

By way of comparison, a singlemother on welfare in Kitchener receives LESS government assietancein a year than some first year students recieve in grants. She is subject. to regular monitoring of herspending habits, and can have herbenefits terminated if so much asone bag of Doritos is found in herapar tment. (Theory: if you can afford junk food, you don't need welfare.) Try telling HER how tough itis to go to school.

Recognizing that many studentswill have higher incomes after theyleave university, some people havesuggested that the costs of the students' education be recovered oncethey are employed. This would beaccomplished through some sort ofadditional income tax levied uponthose who had chosen to attend university. Not only is such a system contrary to our normal idea oftaxation based upon ability to pay,rather than upon use of social services, but it leads to some awkwarddilemas.

For example, if a person is tobe taxed at a higher level becausehe/she chose to attend university,then should another person be taxedat a lower level because he/shedropped out of school in Grade 10?Would such a system encourage ordiscourage people to pursue their educations?

What about the person who attends university "free" for eightyears, gets their PhD in Civil Engineering and decides to accept ajob offer in another country? Dowe make them pay up before welet them leave Canada? And if so,do we start charging everyone whowanta to emigrate for the benefitsthey have received and won't be ableto pay back through taxes? Thistype of arrangement is now in operation in some Eaetern Bloc nationsand is generally regarded as gr088lyunfair by the West.p ge

by Thomas White3B Systems Design

Intelligence is not related to one'sfinancial status, and neither is one'swprthiness for an education. And,no matter what you say, tuition feesDO limit access.Consider the facts. The average co-op engineer probably makesabout $400 per week. Figuring on1.5 work terms per year, and 17work weeks per term, that works outto an annual salary of $10,200, BEFORE income tax and deductions.Now don't quote me on this, but I'vegot a feeling that that's pretty closeto the poverty line. And junior students (and those in non-coop programs) make even lessNow, some students are undoubtably supported at least partially by their parents (for example,some are able to live at home forpart of the year), and so are ableto get along pretty well. But manydepend solely on their own earningsto provide them with food, shelter,and other baeic necessities of life.From experience, I can say that thisdoesn't leave a lot of leeway. How,then, can anyone justify slicing anadditional amount off of this muchneeded income?Ideally I would like to seeuniversity educ tion offeredt no cost to the student

I don't need to pump out tuitiondollar s from this meager income justto give me incentive to try my bestin school. In fact, I would conjecture that it probably interferes withthe education of the many studentswho have to work part-time during school terms in order to supportthemselves. For those students whoaren't serious about an education,and we all know a few, I should thinkthat the appropriate criteria to adjust are ACADEMIC, not financial.So then how much SHOULD wepay? Ideally, I would like to M e university education offered at no costto the student. This is in recognition of the fact that we alreadypay enough for it in sweat (everdone an all-nighter?). Not only willwe be determining Canada's abilityto perform in a competitive worldeconomy (which subsequently deter

will also be paying a larger share ofthe taxes Indeed, university graduates are, and will continue to be,the major driving force in the development of our society. Thus it is obviously in Canada's best interests toproduce as many high-quality graduates as it possibly can, regardlessof their ability to pay.Unfortunately, the man in thestreet doesn't realize this, and Idoubt he ever will. I also doubt thatthe government is ready or able tocontribute any more than it is now.The best compromise would be tocharge the student nothing for tuition, but add an extra tax (one ortwo percent would probably be sufficient) on his future earnings. This isalong the lines of the current ArmedForces deal where they pay the tuition, and the student agrees to servefor three years after graduation.Such a scheme would accomplishmany things. First off, it wouldsilence the question of accessibilityonce and for all. Second, the OSAPbureaucracy (set up to 'ensure' accessibility) could be given the DeepSixing that it so richly deserves.Third, the problem of underfunding,which I believe is caused at least inpart by tuition ceilings (imposed sothat tuition would not limit accessibility), would be relieved, if noteliminated. And finally, the amountpaid for an education would by definition be geared to the amount ofbenefit gained from it (so no morearguments over who should pay thehighest tuition).There are arguments, and someof them are valid, against such aproposal, such as What if someone leaves the country after gettingthei r education here?". However, Iam sure that these 'problems' couldeasily be worked out. Certainly,the elimination of existing problems(underfunding, accessibility, the bureaucracy of OSAP, defaults on student loans, etc) will more than compensa te for any new problems whichmight pop up. 'In conclusion, I would hope thateveryone reading this at least thinksabout what I have said. It is obvious that the current system doesn'twork. Let's Ket moving down theroad.to one that does work, for ALLstudents, and not just a lucky few.


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February 1987 Iron Warrior 5

Micro Purchase On AMicro Budgetby Steve Morris3A Mechanical

Queen's has done it, so has McMaster and RMC. Students asked topurchase their own computer is thetopic at hand. Where is Waterloo,the supposed leader in computers,when aU this is going on?Mandatory computer purchase byyear one engineering students is thetopic at hand. Currently, a proposalis before the Mechanical engineering department suggesting that stu-

dents entering mechanical engineering in the fall of 1987 be stronglyrecommended to purchase their owncomputer. The question is, do theyneed them?What do we, as engineers, needcomputers for? Computers arenothing but a tool, merely one stepup from your calculator, as your calculator is one step up from the sliderule it replaced. If the university isto properly prepare us as engineers,then it should prepare us to use alltools effectively. By owning a computer and learning how to use it, thestudent will feel more comfortablewith that computer and will be morelikely to use it when he/she has aproblem to solve. What a great idea(in theory anyway).

OS P may make computerloans available or theWliversity m y guaranteeloans through a bankBut is it fair to make studentspurchase a computer just because itis a useful tool? Certainly a hardness tester'and an Ingstrom machinewould come in handy for your materials labs, but should you be expected to purchase them? Whereshould you draw the line between

the tools you should be expected tohave and the ones that you only needto use? 1 should at this point confess that I am sitting at home, typ-, ing this article into an HP Portable .Plus. Yes, it is convenient, but Idon t think that I would be willingto pay any great sum of money forit).

The Mechanical Engineering Department will strongly recommendthat each student entering mechanical engineering in the fall of 1987purchase their own computer. Thecomputer should be IBM compatible, with at least 512K, and dualftoppie8. DCS will sell and serviceIBM and Zenith equipment at dealercost. Figure on about $2000 for areal IBM PC and $1600 for a clone(with the Zenith somewhere in themiddle). Add in $200 for high resolution graphics capabilities and $150for a modem. Basic software needswill run about $200. There is a possibility that Watcom software couldbe made available from Watstar.

Financing has not yet been finalized but two poseibilities exist.~ i r s t OSAP may make computerloans available (as the Quebec government does), or the University

may guarantee loans through a bankat a rate of prime plus one (similar to the McMaster system) . Eightpercent of the students at Queen sapplied for loans while twenty percent applied from McMaster.

FEOERATlOI'JOF STUDE IIlTSU5E-'DCOMPureRSTORE.

~So, assuming that frosh can comeup with the money, what are theygoing to use them for? First yearwill be restructured to have a muchhigher emphasis placed on computers. GE 115 (graphics) will emphasize computers in engineering,studying operating systems and applications software . A comprehen

sive programming course will be offered in lB. Theoretically, whenthey get to second year, studentswill know what their computers cando . They will use them as a tool tosolve a problem because they knowthat it will make the solution easier -not because they were requested to .

What about support for thesecomputers? Watstar will be available both for those students whodo not purchase computers andfor those who have to get printouts. Printouts could be obtainedby bringing in a ftoppy or througmodem linkage.

discount forstudents0 1 corsages and

all yourfloral needsI60 ElUl lPI.WP d:Jo 0IIiL N2L

( 5 1 ~ _ ' t O. . . . . , . . . G u I r I I a ~ )

So why do it? Presumably, if students have immediately accessiblecomputers, they will become moreproficient with them. The computerwill be available for report writing(does this mean that all reports willhave to be typed?). They will alsorelieve the strain being placed on thealready overloaded Watstar system,especially if the computer courseload is to be increased. There is alsothe matter of Waterloo's reputation- if we re at the cutting edge, whydon t we require computers? Applications for year one engineering atQueen's doubled after the purchaseof a computer was made mandatory(silly frosh) .

But what about the negative side?How many students can afford tolayout an extra $2500 on top of allthe other first year expenses? Howmany people want another $2500loan hanging over them for fiveyears?What about those people who al

ready own Ii Commodore 64, or anAtari, or an Apple? Should they beasked to scrap it and buy anothercomputer?

pplications for year oneengineerins t ueensdoubled ajter the pwch se ofa computer was mademandatoryThose people that do not pur chase a computer are supposed tobe able to function using Watstar .

If Watstar can do the jo b, then whypay another $2500 for another system? What about when studentsare on work term away from Waterloo? A computer s not a lot of goodwithout a printer, so thefe's anotherexpense. Besides, who wants to

move a computer and a stereo everyfour months?Portable computers are rapidlycoming down in price and increasingin capability. Wouldn't they be evenmore useful to someone as mobiJe asa co-op student?This idea is still not going to eliminate the confusion over new systems. Most of the mech labs use Apples and any complex problems arestill going to have to be done on Vax

(try doing finite element analysis ona PC).Then there is that percentage whoaren t really sure if engineering iswhat they want to do. How willthey feel about laying out $2500 forsomething they may not need af

ter four months? WiJI this SCareoff some people from engineeringwho may have made very good engineers? Will it attract more peoplewith an inclination towards computers into engineering? Will studentsjust accept it as another unavoidableextra expense, like co-op fee hikesand tuition increases?

Tuition cont dIn conclusion, I think we need toaccept that we students make a con

tribution towards the cost of our education at the time we r ceive it .This demonstratee our commitmentto that education, p r o v i ~ an incentive for our efforts, gives us theright to demand the most from ourprofeseors and avoids the hazards ofpaying for education after the fact.Tuition chargee may not be pleas.ant, but they are necessary.Now about this solid mechanicsassignment that e due tomorrow ...

MEN SDESIGNER JEANSSIZE 26-38(Slight Irregulars)


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6 Iron Warrior February 1987Writing Our Time wayby Peter Stubley48 Electrical

One night at the dinner table, wefigured that the average engineering student writes about one hundred exams, including midterms andfinals, between lA and 4B. Thisseems like quite a few exams, butit is based on one midterm and onefinal per COUnle, with a few extrafor non-tech electives, and five or sixcourses per term . f we 88sume tha.thalf the e x ~ m s are midterms at 1.5hours apiece , and the other half arefinals, at three hours apiece , it addsup to about 225 hours, or about 9.5daye. Thie is a substantial investment of time, and does not even include time spent studying fo r them.

he average engineer writesabout one hundred examsMidterms and finals serve different purposes. The idea behindmidterme is to give you an idea ofhow well you understand the material that has been presented 80 far.Their major purpose ie to providefeedback so that you will know howmuch work to do for the last half ofthe term. Finals, on the other hand,

are ueed by the university to measure how much knowledge we haveaccumulated during the course. Inmost cases, we never actuaJly findout how well we actually did on t heexam. We usually only get the fi-nal mark, which from personal experience does not always accuratelyme88ure performance on the exam .T here is no real feedback to tell ushow well we u n d ~ n l t a n d the material.

Some &I'lIJumption. are necessaryhere . Assume that exams are properly set and are an accurate reflection of how much we have learned .

It is a fact that this. is not alwaysthe case, but nobody has been ableto think of anything better. Also assume that we are good students wh.okeep up with what is going on and donot need the threat of a final examto cram in the rest of what we weresupposed to learn. This is again notalways the case, but it is reasonapproximation.

f we accept these 88I'lumptions,then final exams are close to be-ing uselese for the students, becaueethere no feedback. We can walkout of the final eaying "I think Iaced it ," and then when the finalmark comes, we got 65 per cent.This means that there is a significantchunk of material that we thoughtwe understood, but actually did not.Becauee finals are not routinely returned, we usually say Oh, weU ,"and never actually find out what wescrewed up.

It is official university policy thatexams need not be shown to the students unless they are going t h r o u ~ hLetter To The Editor

the formal appeals proceB . Formany professorl'l, the formal processis not necessary, and all that wehave to do is ask them, but they donot have to show the marked finalsunless the formal process is used.The problem with the formal appeals process is that it means thatthe mark is being challenged, whenthat is not always the case. Som -times, we just want to find out what

we did wrong 80 we do not do itagain.There are a few practical problems with making the marked finalsavailable. The first is that the profes80nI simply do not have t he t imeto go through each exam with every student . We also tend not to behere a t t he end of the exam period,because we tend to get out of townas soon as possible. The term can

not really be shortened any to allowfo r exams being ret urned, becaueete rms are already 80 short.

There is also no pressure on theuniversity to change the way thingsare . "How many people do you

think are really interested?" askedDean Lennox. "90 per cent, or 10per cent?" We do not find out howwe did until we are well into thework term, and it is difficult to askprofessors to see our papers. By thetime we get back for the next schoolterm, the problem has lost its immedia.cy, and we are too busy with thenew counles to worry about the oldones. As long as we got the marks,t ha t is al l we have ti me to be concerned about .

It would seem th at the stereotypes are correct, that we are tooconcerned about marks and notfwe accept theseassumptions then finalexams are close to being

uselessabout learning engineering. Lennoxfeels that the problem may beginin first year with t he general engineering program. "They start writing midterms in the second or thirdweek of term, and write them onea week until the end of term . It'sa real grind." We become too ueedto studying to pass midterms and fi-nals.

is no eMY solution. It isa combination of our attitude anda system that has euch short terms.Solutions to final exams are easy toobtain, and historical copies of finals and their solutions can be collected and made available in someplace like the library or the Orifice .They would at leMt be there for uswhen we come back so that we canlook if we are interested. We haveto write exams so th at the university has some bas is for giving us adegree or not, but there is no reMOnwhy we cannot get someth ing fromthem as well.

Report Card On Our EldersEach new generation enters adolescence with the task before it ofestablishing a unique identity. Theproblem refreshes itself every generation, as the old solutions become'establishment'. Thus, each generation faces a problem quite unlikeany ever encountered in the past.While having worked to foster muchin the way of idealism, thie needto be different is al80 accountablefor such monstrosities as Billy Idol,neon hairstyles, and 'modern' art.Perhaps it is time to question thedirection in which this quest for 'difference' is taking us.

I often hear it said that the oldergeneration is despoiling the Earth,that by the time we receive the reinsof power all that will be left is aspoiled rind. Yet, leaving aside forthe moment the objectionable selfrighteousness of that statement, Ia180 believe that it is wrong.Theworld will be better in some wayeand worse in others by the time weinherit it. If I had to make a general statement I would say that, onbalance, the world should be muchimproved (assuming our elders don'tdestroy everything with a nuclearwar.) I offer no explicit support. I

COMPUTER BOOK AND SUPPLY CENTREADivision of 66S532 Ontario LkniIed

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simply assume that students of engineering believe in progress.Yet what upsets me most about a

blanket condemnation of the oldergeneration is the explicit assumption that had we been in their shoes,things would have turned out bette r . That would seem to indicatethat we are made of tougher moralfibre, or that moral codes have improved since their time. I myselfhave trouble judging people of thepast by modern moral codes - I seethem as being much like ourselves,but operating in a different set of circumstances and under a different setof rules.

We IIhould remember the debtthat we owe to our eldenlj for theiranswel'8 to our questions, and their801utions to problems which worryus no longer. Truly we stand on theIIhouldenl of giants. To be sure, theyhave also created new problems, butthat is to be expected. Anyone whohas ever modified a computer pro-

gram knows that when you eolve oneproblem, you inevitably create tennew ones. Yet the answer is not tostop solving problems. That pathleads to stagnation, decay and ultimately, the four horseman.

We will no doubt seem unenlightened to our progeny. Let us hopethat they don't hold it against us.David L. Small3B Systems Design


7/20


Circling The Globe In AHome-Made Craftby Rob Nicholson4B Civil

What was the most significantpositive engineering event of theyear, taking just over 9 days to complete? What weighs 3.6 times its dryweight? If you haven't guessed yetI'm referring to Voyager s n o n s t o ~flight around the world. Before anevent like this occurs, work must beperformed behind the scene. Thisarticle focuses on the man behindthe design and some of his previousdesigns, specifically the Vari-eze.Burt Rutan is Vice President ofBeech Aircraft and responsible for

the development of Starship 1. Thissmall composite business turbopropwill cruise at 400 knots and be morefuel efficient than similar businessjets. I t was not always this wayfor Rutan. Before the liability lawsin the U.S. came into being, hewas dedicated to designing composite aircraft for the homebuilt market. A composite aircraft is onemade of different materials to produce an efficient product; for example, material composed of foamsandwiched between layers of fibreglass.Rutan's first design, the Variv

iggen, was not particularly successful because it was slow and iaeJIi-dent. The Variviggen lead Rutan todesign the Vari-eze in 1976.His second design was a remarkably successful one with over 4000sets of plans sold in the U.S. Between 500 and 600 planes have beencompleted and when compared tothe average completion rate of 5 ,this is quite an achievement.

It is fast, efficient and hasconsiderable range

The Vari-eze is a front and backtwo-seat composite pusher aircraft.A front wing, or canard, controlsthe elevation of the aitcr:aft . Themain wings with their 8m span havethe ailerons located on their trailing edge. Winglets located on theends of the main wings contain therudders which are generally only required when landing in crOl l8 winds.The aircraft is pushed through theair by a 115 horsepower air-cooledengine. This same engine powersCessna 152s and other small planesmanufactured today. A wooden propeller rotating at 2200 rpm performs the actual pushing. The proppasses through the wake of the wingand thus is continuously loaded andunloaded. This would cause f .tigue in metal propellers and hencethe use of wood. The Vari-ue isthe first composite aircraf t designedfor the homebuilt market. Insteadof spending endless hours rivetingsheet metal or stretching and d o ~ing fabric, mixing epoxy became theorder of the day.

Vari-eze StatisticsLengthWing spanEngineTop speedCruise speedRangeConsumptionCeilingTime to buildCost

5m8m115 hp340 kph310 kph2800 km32 1/hr8300 m2000 hrs30000Composite construction in this

case consists of sandwiching styrofoam between Jayel'8 of &breglus.Sailboats have ueed this method foryears and in fact New Zealand's 12mChallenger used a composite hullto withstand the ocean's pounding.The Vari-eze is not a kit plane withpre-assembled parts. Rather, plansand materials are purcha&ed andconstruction starts from scratch.A composite aircraft is onemade ofdifferent materials toproduce an efficient product

The plane's construction beginswith the fuselage. Five bulkheadsare made from a very dense foamsandwiched between 16 layers ofglass cloth. The two sides are thencut from sheets of styrofoam andshaped, glassed on the inside andthen attached to the bulkheads withfibreglass. The bottom goes throughthe same procedure. The three sidedfuselage is then coated with two layers of glass at 45 degrees to the perpendicular and 90 degrees to eachother. This provides torsional stiffness.

The main wings have a solid corecut from blocks of foam. Templatesare placed at the end of the blocksand traced with a hot wire runningthe length of the block. The blocksare epoxyed together and a fibreglass skin is placed on the outsidesimilar to that of the fuselage. Thecanard is constructed in a similarmanner. During final constructionthe wings are bolted to a fibreglassC-section spar which is a pa.rt of thefuselage.

After the fuselage , canard andmain wings are constructed, just thefuel tanks, landing gear and canopyremain . The main landing gear consists of a hoop of fibre glass whichalso doubles as the suspension system. The nose wheel retracts allowing greater efficency. The centre ofgravity, without the' pilot aboard, isbehind the main landing gear; thus,the plane is parked with the nosewheel retrac ted. The canopy is plexiglass requiring only fitting to thefuselage.

New Zealand s 12mchallenger used a compositehull to withstand the ocean spounding

One of the major construct ion difficulties is locating a place suitableto build the plane. A 7xlOm areais large enough but it must be relatively dust free and heated to allowthe epoxy to set properly. Consideration must also be given to any solvents or cleaners used because manyattack the epoxy.

Fibreglass planes have no groundplane or counterpoise and none ofthe normal electrical shielding foundin aluminum airplanes. This createsproblems when running electrical instruments like the LOR N C Thiscan be overcome by laying down apattern of wire on the main wing before the fibregl888 akin is put on.

One of the major design problemsfaced by Rutan and his crew was thecanard. The canard is solely responsible for lift. Its short profile makeis highly susceptible to lift loss whenbugs or rain collect on the leadingedge. This inspired Rutan Aircraftto research low Reynolds numberairfoils. (Editor S note: Reynoldsnumber is a ratio of the velocitytimes length to the visc08ity. It isused as a measure of the flow overairfoils and other objects.) The design was changed to a wing with ablunter front yielding a quicker pressure rise and a later separation. Thecanard is designed to stall before themain wings resulting in an airplanewhich is virtually impossible to stall.

The Vari-eze ha& created a revolution amongst homebuilders. It isfast, efficient and holds the rangerecord for a plane of its class. Construction time is less than more conventional designs but the costs arehigher. Composite type materialsare particularly well suited for aircraft construction because of theirlight weight and high strengtjJ.

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8/20


The Bug Might Take Y ou To Courtby Neil Boyd

3A Computerf people are responsible for writing the software, are they then responsible for the consequences of themistakes the ir software makes? Andif the people who write this softwareare engineers are they more responsible for software bugs because oftheir profe88 ional st atus?

our society increases its reliance on compu ters it is discoveringthat these technological wo rkhorsesare far from perfect . The claimthat computers don t make mistakes, people do is rather pointlesS . By and far, the most frequentcause of computer mistakes is software bugs . People write softwareso nat urally it is people who makethe mistakes.Software defects Juzve killedsailors m imed patients ndwounded corporations

An article recently appeared inthe Globe and Mail highlightingseveral cases where software bugscaused seriou consequences. Entitled Software BUI a Deatll, DUea,eand written by Bob Davis of TheWall Street Journal, the piece summarised theee coneequencee: -During the past five years, software defects have killed sailors,maimed pa tients, wounded corpor ....tions and threatened to cause theU.S. Government-securities market

to collapse. Perhaps the mostpoignant illustration was the deathof an East Texas bus driver, VerdonKidd, who while undergoing skincancer treatment became the victimof an innocuous software bug in theradiation-therapy machine.Responsibility in law is taken tomean liability. Generally the person responsible will only be liablefor their software bugs if they werenegligent in their work. Engineerscould not be held more liable butbecause of their profe88ional stat us

the criteria used to judge negligencemay be more critical than thatap-plied to a non-professional softwaredesigner. Also, the engineer who isnegligent is subject to suspension ofhis licence by the APEO.Negligence is the determinant inestablishing if a software bug makesone financially or professionally liable. How can a bug be considered negligent or just an honest mistake? The law stat es that the engineer has a duty to use reasonable care and skill where reasonable care is measured according tothe current prof_ional standards.Tlie APEO Regulations defines negligence in section 86.(1) as an act or

omileion in t.he carryinl out of thework of a practitioner that conatitutes a failure to maintain the standards that a reasonable and prudentpractitioner would maintain in thecircumstances . The question of anengineer's negligence in writing de-

fective software will be judged byexamining his peers' performance andthe state of the art.

The problem with being judgedaccording to the performance .ofyour peers is that t.his assumes ageneral level of practice adopted byeach engineer writing software. Unfortunately, the computer field has ahigh rate of obsolescence. It is verydifficult to keep up with the rapidpace of advancement in the state ofthe art . Thus, an engineer who hasnot adopted new methods in software deaisn or testing may find hisbugs considered negligent.

There is an added dimension tothe problem of testing and verific ....tion of software. Negligence claims

Perhaps The Bettery Stephan Mehr38 CivilOttawa is not a large city but itspublic service worker population ishigh. Many of them do not own anautomobile and so the bus is theirmeans of transporta tion. further more, Ottawa s road system is approaching maximum capacity whichmakes the city's transit system themost convenient way to commute.

it is, OC Tran,po has a veryorganized network that is based oncrosstown routes, suburban branchlines and a central terminal area atthe Rideau Centre. In the downtown core, two one way streets, havebus prior ity lanes which are used extensively during rush hour when asmany as ten buees per minute mayp t18 a point.

The u routes are organized witha peculiar line numbering systemwhich changes with the time of dayand direction of travel.

The system is complemented bythe Tek Ritler phone network, similar to the one in KW, but with atouch of bilingualism. The Ottawa

The Transitway is it built/or something else?Tele Rider sounds like an incoherentassortment of taped words pastedinto a supposedly coherent sentence.

To distinluish bet.ween the various t.ypes of bus lines, especially during the rush hour, OC Tran Po provides an organized u stop sign service for the riders. The route numbers are printed in a colour according to the tTpe of Benite. black for regular routes andbroken black if the route doesnot. operate at night

red for regular peak hour routes orange for Sunday /holiday service green for express peak hourroutesWhen first using the system, thesigns can e confusinl. On somesigns up to thirty numbers can beposted in a variety of colours. Theone by four foot signa can cause aproblem for the colour blind.

will hinge not only on design practices but also on testing mech -nistrus. Unfortunately, once againthe computer field is at a disadvan-tage when compared to the olderfields in engineering. General regulations and guidelines for test methods are not currently in place. Eachcompany seems to have its own ideason how to test software. And oneneed only pick up a copy of the latest IEEE Software Engineering magazine to see that verification of software is still a new field. Naturallywithout common practices in the design, testing and verification of software systems, engineers will be leftopen to charges of negligence whensmall bugs cause big damage.

The computer age is with us tostay. It is now coming out of its infancy stage and could prove a troublesome child both to the public whorely heavily upon a far from perfecttechnology and to the engineer whoputs the brains into the machin.es.The complexity of software systemswill likely grow in the future . Toavoid the increase that will occurin the frequency and potential fordamage of software bugs, engineersmust turn to developing standardsfor design, testing and verificationof software systems. The bugs mustbe equuhed and engineers mut develop the techniques and practicesto accomplish this. The alternativeis to face more frequent and furiouscries of negligence.

WayThe unique feature to Ottawa'spublic transit system is the Tran-

6itW41/. This concept was developed by consultants from the TTC .They provided a feasibility studyand preliminary design criteria fo rthe busway rapid transit network..The Tran6itway is a separate rightof way for buses, similar to a lightrail type system. As in light rail stat ions are on grade or below grade( uncovered), and buses ru n along apaved right of way which is usuallyindependent of regular tr affic.Each of these stations has beenbuilt with platforms for light rail.Buses can readily blend with traffic from the stations. The cost forfare on the Tranlitwa, is an expensive $1.20.Riders opinions vary on whetheror not the complex Tranlitwa, system has improved public transit effeciency.By inspection of the Trcanlitwca,stations and the orientation of t.heright o f ways, one can conclude thatthe ultimate reason for the TrcanfttwcaJl is the eventual conversion tolight rail.


9/20

February 1987 Iron Warrior 9CSPE: The Professionals' Societyby Douglas Parker38 Civil

Due to the increasing responsibility placed on engineers, as professionals, the Canadian Societyof Professional Engineers (CSPE)h 8 been organized. The CSPEwas formed in 1979 and representsthe only voluntary service organization exclusively for professional engineers. Both the medical and legalprofessions have a similar and longestablished service organization. Itexists in parallel with the organization which administers the legalstatute that licences them and polices their actions so that the public interest is served and protected.Did you know that the Ont ario Medical Association and the CanadianBar Association are not the licensingbodies of the medical and legal professions? Before 1979, the Canadianengineering profession had no suchsimilar body to lobby on behalf ofits interests or to provide services toits members. The role of the CSPEis clear.

Objectives. ' to promote the professional,

: - = ~ ~ economic, and social interestsof ittt-members

to provide a representativevoice for professional engineers to strive to make registration

as a professional engineer moremeaningfulCSPE Services forEngineersIn addition to its lobbying efforts,the following are some of the moretangible benefits of CSPE membership.

Legal Aid: CSPE has available legal experts in the field ofemployer employee relationships, aswell as for personal mattel'8. Thefirst interview with the appropriate lawyer is provided free. Thiscould be very important if, for example, you felt that you might havegrounds for a suit of wrongful dismissal, but weren't sure where togo next. In addition, a first conImitation with a patent agent aswell as inventor/entrepreneur information is available.

Legal Fees Insurance: CSPEoffers reduced premiums for thisspecial type of insurance. It reimburses you or your dependents for legal fees incurred over suits of a business or personal nature whether youare the plaintiff or the defendant.

ResumeWriting Serv1c:e: CSPE providesfree assistance in producing or revising your resume. They will edityour resume, draft a letter, or act asa typing eervice.Employment Contract As-sistance: CSPE has created astandard employment contract andguide for engineers. This can provide a basis for the formation ofan acceptable contract with a newemployer or for the negotiation ofappropriate changes to the contractyour employer proposes. CSPE hasalso compiled a comprehensive set ofcase studies and guidelines regarding unfair treatment and wrongfuldismissal.

Tpbogganning The oncrete Pathby Michael H Schatz38 Civil

The 4B Civil class is sending threetea.ms to this years Great NorthernConcrete Toboggan Race. Hostedby the Southern Alberta Institute ofTechnology, the race is at Lyon Mtn.Ski Resort near Calgary.Teams of 4th year civil engineering students from western Canadaand the U.s. will meet on Feb. 6- 27 for two days of competition in avariety of categories. The main categories are,

engineering design team spirit braking system fastest timed runs team uniformsDespite not having their toboggans, last year's UW teams wonthree categories.Each six person team starts withfour on the .led and two pushin,.One of the pushen stays with the.Ied and the five then ride to the finish. Each tobo an must have a concrete running surface ad a braking.yatem.The teams have been raieiqmoney from epoaeorl, a VCR ra{.8e and a pariy M Rickijo'. in Kitchener. The Mam would like to thankthe following 8pOD8OfI:

t

UW Civil Eng DeptUW Eng Soc BUW Eng Alumni A880CUW Civil Eng ProfsRICKIJO'SDUFFERIN CONSTK-W OKTOBERFEST IncLABATTSMARKS WORK WEARHOUSEMARSHALL MACKLINMONAGHAN

ELMIRA STOVE WORKSBOEHMERS CONCRETECANADA CEMENT LEFARGEMARTINS FEED MILLTRYLON TOWERSALBRECHT BROS STEELMENNO S MARTIN CONTRACT.CROSS COUNTRY CONCRETEKIESWETTER EXCAVATIONTAM DIVE LTDKW BLAIR READY MIX

... like n egypti n

Joining CSPECSPE membership is open to profe8Sional engineers registered in anyprovince in Canada. The membership fee for one year is $30.00, buta special rate of $15.00 is offered toretired or non-practising engineers.Students or graduate engineers-intraining may attend meetings of theCSPE but they aren't entitled tovote. Students are not required topay any dues or fees.

f you wish to find out more aboutthe CSPE:1. G lance throu gh the informationin the CSPE file kept in the Engineering Society Office;2. Contact Professor Greg McNeice, a past-president of theCSPE .3. Phone or drop a note to thefollowing indicating that youwould like more informationabout the CSPE sent to you:

The Canadian Society for Professional Engineers,203 College Street, 2nd Floor,Toronto, Canada,M5T IP9(416) 598-0520

Pulling For theBig Sisters

by Craig Rice3D Mechanical

The engineering society'e annualBus Pueh for Big Sisters of K-Whapperul Saturday March 7. Theevent involves engineering studentsand faculty (essentially the creamof the crop of the academic world),big and little sisters, and assortedcelebrities and dignitaries. The 6.5km route goes from UW to downtown Kitchener.The K- Wand Area Big Si ltersis a charitable organization thatmatches emotionally, socially, orfamily troubled girls aged four tosixteen with women who have volunteered to be big sisters .Thie year's Push, expected toraise ovel' six thousand dollars, is already being hailed as an overwhelming success: says Bus Push d i r e c ~tor Joanne Wallace "this year we're; gonna kick some butt .Anyone can participate. The reasons for pushing (or pulling) areimmense personal satisfaction, freebeverages (supplied by Brick), p6,

and big prizes.Help out Big Sisters. Pick up apledge form at the orifice today andsee you next S a ~ u r d a y


10/20

10 ron Warrior Februa.ry 1987Names Of The Past Speak Of The Future

by Michael H Schatz

James Earl CarterFormer President Jimmy Cartersees the unbalanced internationaldistribution of wealth as a problemwhich needs increased attention. 1think the greatest problem that weface is the relationship between theadvanced nations and the povertystricken nations .Carter believes that between theindustrialized countries of the Northand the developing countries of theSouth is a chasm that hasn't, so far,been bridged .These problems include environ

mental degradation, overpopulationand international debt. In the ).Inderdeveloped countries these problems are reflected as hunger, disease, poverty and political instability. The leaders of the rich nationsdo not have an adequate awareness of the poorer nations ' problems.It is imperative that the wealthynations have an effective global planning process. uJapan and WestGermany, for instance, have superbcommitments, financed jointly bythe business and financial and gov- 'emment 0 ions, 0 contmue

to look to the future .The developed nations have trouble recognizing the environmentalproblems facing the developing nations. Carter believes that thechasm between the environmentalists, so called, on the one hand, andthe business and financial leaders on

the other will change. I think thatan inevitable relationship is going todevelop, either through englightenedplanning or through the reaction tocrises.One of the results of huge foreigndebts and environmental degradation is political instability. Debtor

nations develop urbanization programs to produce goods to sellabroad and generate income for debtservicing. This move towards urbanization causes the price and production of grain to Can and the farmers to be displaced. These people become frustrated , Carter explains, and in many cases this leadsto revolution or violence . If a family with a starving child, or children, is faced with the question 'Doyou want bread or do you want freedom?', it is not always inevitablethat they will say CI prefer Creedom '.Carter worries that in such casessometimes a totalitarian government can offer - at least on a temporary basis - a more effecient government with Ibetter] distrib ution offood Ithan] a democracy .Carter suggests that the wealthynations should ask themselves What are the potential problems? What are the oppurtunitiesfor ,a g r ~ a t nation to help alleviateproblems and also to help our owncompetitive place in the world? .

James Earl Carter is an outspoken champion of human rights and an a v o ~ e denvironmentalist. He graduated from the US Naval Academy in 1947 andworked. in the nuclear submarine program. In 1953 be returned to the familyfarm and Opa aled a soe l and faml-supply business. He was elected to theGeorgia senate in 1962 8bIIa Governor in. 39thPresident of the Unitied States in 1916. He has n awardcit'ffieintemati

Robert McNamaraWith his background in defense

and development, Robert McNamara singles out these two areas asthe two most needing attention. Thenuclear threat has been with us forforty years and still remains a problem. After all , he says, if wecan't survive as a civilized worldthen there is no time to work onother subjects .McNamara's view on the possibility of nuclear conCrontation:1 don't believe that any wellinformed, coolly rational military orcivilian leader would initiate the useof nuclear weapons . He continues,however, but it has been my experience - and think it is a widelyshared experience - that militaryand civilian leaders in times of crisesare neither well-informed nor coollyrational .He argues that East- West tensions are disto rting our IAmerica's]allocation of national resources .Because of America's excessive expenditures on military weapons , hethinks that we pay a very, veryheavy price for failing to deal moreeffectively with these tensions .We IAmericans] have become almost paranoiac, as people, with respect to the Soviet Union and wekeep ourselxes in a s t a t 8 ~ a n x l ~ t ywith respect to them .The UmtIed States has for iWO hundred years supported freedom,liberty, and democracy. But overthe last forty years, American governments have backed NationalistChinese leader Chiang Kai-shek, theShah of Iran, Phillipine PresidentFerdinand Marcos and NicaraguanPresident Anastasio Somoza Debayle .. , support of these regimes isnot consistent with the social, polit-ical and moral va[ues I wish to passon to my children.The other issue to be addressed iswhat McNamara describes as thepopulation problem - not as a density problem, but rather as an imbalance of population growth rateson the one hand and economic ratesof advance on the other ... this leadsto human misery.With this situation, people will bemigrating to the wealthier, less populated nations. These nations mustbe prepared to take either these emigrants or their countries goods. Pur-chase of these goods would createa healthier economic climate in theemigrant's c o ~ n t r yIncreased use and availability ofcontraceptives is not enough toreduce the imbalanced populationgrowth rates. McNamara arguesthat one must change mindsets ofthe people in the countries with excessive birth rates. If the mindsetscannot be changed then perhaps thegovernments will be forced to usedrastic autocratic measures such asChina's one child per family policy.The world's economies are becoming increasingly interdependent. Itis therefore imperative, that we, aswealthy nations, assist in the development of the poorer natioD8. Ourfuture depends on it.This rticle cont ins excerpts fromThe Christian Science Monitor


11/20


The UN Under Fireby James V Abraham

Following World War I, an organisation called the League of Nationswas formed to act as a forum forglobal concerns. The credibility andpower of this organisation was limited because Germany, Soviet Unionand other powerful nations of thetime did not join it. It is impossibleto say whether the League, if it hadthe power, could have averted WorldWar II. It was eventually disbanded .The United Nations is facing a similar fate.

Since its inception, the UnitedNations has built an internationalpresence. It has organisations serving various purposes around theEstablished at the end of the sec- globe. For example, the UN peace

ond World War, the United Nations keeping force was involved in the

tions. For example, the cleanup ofthe Mediterranean Sea undertakenby the Arab nations and Israel is aresult of such a symposium. Thus,the UN is bringing immediate needsto international attention.

started with the involvement of the Palestine-Israel conflict to maintainsuper powers. The horrors of the peace while negotiations were being I t is often said that the super pow-war had prompted enthusiastic in- conducted. ers do not need the UN. They havevolvement and recognition of the UN Many of the developing nations achieved an extremely high, and al-by a majority of the nations. The depend on the UN's ability to re- bei t unnecessary, level of militaryorganisation became a powerful fo- spond to emergencies. Its agen- power and security. However, it is atrum to deal with global concerns _ cies have been helping the poverty this time that they desperately needan international court. The Secu- stricken people of the world be- the UN. The UN provides a com-rity Council and the office of the Sec- come self sufficient. They have mon, neutral, meeting place in front~ ~ - : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~ 8 i ~ a ~ l i ~ o ~ n ~ s ~ ~ o : f ~ ~ h ; e ~ r e : s ~ t ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ _ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~I: to debate and deal with global con- such as roug s, ear ---.fllcts. other naturarand man-made disas- eral s office the super powers can

The UN has become alumbering giant

ters. The UN haa provided the nec- safely, and without losing face, moveessary services to aid refugees and away from potentially explosive 0 ...victims in their struggle for survival. ation. During the Congo Crisis, theCuban Missile Crisis, and the 1973Many privat e groups, who wish Middle East War, the UN was in-to provide aid to countries which strumental in keeping the communi-need it, cannot overcome the politi- cation lines between opposing sidescal bureaucracy. The UN can chan- open, which eventually diffused thenel their resources to get to the vic- situation.tims of oppression and starvation as

There is a committee that haabeen studying the structure of theUN to weed out any waate areas.From its $800 million budget, Secretary General Perez de Cuellar haaalready cut back $60 million. ACanadian study has suggested thatthe UN could be efficiently operatedwith a budget of $600 million. Thereis a continuing effort to bring efficiency back to the UN.The US hostility and its hesistance to pay has put a strain on theUN. While there exists areas for reform, the services provided are vitalnecessities in our world. The starving people of Ethiopia, the refugees,disaster victims and a host of othersuffering people depend on the relief programs of the UN for survival. An organisation such as thisalso provides a stabilizing, international presence and arena for debating global concerns. Although

We don t want to see thebaby thrown out with thebath water. I.here have been maD.) coa1lict.l.lince

Wo.tlci w 1, th U m.ay st l\ ,,"-_ . .instrumental in averting World Warm. Maybe it already . . . . Jb tIuow'all this away because of inefficiencieswould be disastrous. As Prime Min-ister Brian Mulroney put it, "Wedon t wft.nt to s the baby thrownout with the bath water. We don twant to " e th process of reformstrangle th UN."ver the years, the UN has become a IU.mbering giant. With Viet

nam, Korea and other conflicts having occurred since the birth of theorganisation, member countries arequestioning the value of the UN.In particular, the United StatesCongress does not see any usefulbenefits derived from the organisation and is debating cuts in its financial contribution. Each membercountry is assessed by the UnitedNations for a fee to pay for operating expenses. In '85, the US cut $35million from its contribution. Thisyear, they are threatening to withhold almost half of their $210 millionassessment.

quickly as possible. While many private groups have the ideaa, resourcesand enthusiasm to help, they do nothave the capacity to reach these victims as effectively as the UN can.In Southeast Asia, Central America, the Middle East, and Africa, theUN has been able to reach and helppeople survive that would otherwisehave gone without any help.

CalICIdbravel C. fre 2S8 King Street Nor ,..vaterlOa. an. oN2J 1 (9

The United States, along withother countries, are dissatisfied withthe inefficiencies of the United Nations. It has lost the power andrespect from the member countriesthat it once had. In a Septemberspeech, External Affairs MinisterJoe Clark says, "[The UN] was to bea forum in which difficult decisionswere to be taken. It haa become ameans to avoid them. When thereis a crisis, we have endless debate.When there is a need for hard compromise, we draft resolutions thatdefy agreement." An organisati onthat was meant to be a respected international forum haa seemingly become an inefficient waste of effort.However, the UN still serves a purpose and serves it well.

Many o he developingnations depend on the UN sability to ~ e s p o n toemergenclesThe famine that struck Ethiopiawas a devaatating one. The United

Nations responded quickly to initiate the recovery of the victims.They have put into motion a fiveyear program of relocation and enhancement to bring long term reliefto the Ethiopian situation.

The UN haa also conducted conferences and symposi.ums on various international concerns such asthe environment, women's issues,and the debt of the African nations.While this may seem to be just another bureaucratic chore, it is w()rthwhile if it increases awareness of theissues and starts a search for solu-

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12/20


ENGSOC ElectionsReflections For The Next ..by Greg J Krebs

3B ElectricalNow that Fed elections are overand we're all still caught up in thepdlitical hysteria, it 's time to con

sider who's going to take the helmof that awesome machine we callEngineering Society. That's right,there are four elected positions tobe filled for September 1987's Eng.Soc. Exec. These positions inch.de President, first Vice President,'ftoea.surer, and Secretary. Qualification for these positions are as followe: Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates must be, during their term of office, a studentin 3A or higher undergraduate engineering. Candidates for Secretaryand Treasurer must be, during theirterm of office, an undergraduate engineering student. Nominations willbe opening Monday, March 2 at 8:30AM and will close Thursday, MarchI at 4:30 PM with campaigning andvot;ing the following week. I encourage any of you who are qualified forthese positions to pick up a nomination form from the orifice and joinin tbe fun. This is a perfect opportumt y to change the world

Presidentby Harald BranschThe best way to sum up the jobis to say that it is similar to being a manager of a division of alarge corporation. The corporationis the University and you representthe Engineering Undergrad division.M the manager, part of the jobis to interface with your administration bosses, most directly the Deanand the Feds. This may involve

getting space for PO ETS, answering for any number of things the administration (or others) disapproveCuT - AWAY V Of THE MODEmJBA l C T 8Q'le better. ,/During the laat year, the Student Vocational Advisor Programhaa been active on campus helping non-coop students write effec

tive reeumes and plan career and jobeearches. This program is not restricted to non-coop students. Anyone requiring advice from the SVACoordinator should contact ColleenBawn at NH 1004, X2494.

Asain this year, there will be ameeting with John Westlake (Eng.

Program Director), varlOUS coOrdinators, eng SAC reps, and eng daMreps. This meeting wilL,take placeduring the laat week of March.The Coop Fee Committee is currently holding student forums, debates, and dialogues with the Deans.The Coop Department is nolonger using the single placementrun. Group I employers (math, etc.)do not like waiting an extra threeweeks to find their intended student.It was thought that the employel1lmay start to look elsewhere for students.

To ensure SAC represents the entire Engineering Faculty, a first anda eecond year student are required tojoin the council. If anyone is interested leave a meesage at t he Orificefor Whitney.

_You'll laugh, you'll cry, it will become a part of you.Treasurerby Susan Leach

Misplaced Mascot Missing

The treasurer is the financial wizard of the Engineer ing Society. Heis responsible for prepari ng and presenting the budget to the Engineering Council, and making sure thatEngSoc lives within its means. Thetreaaurer pays all the bills and handles all the deposits. It does notsound like much, but it is a full timejob because there are a lot of bills.Eng Soc has a large budget, and thetreasurer coordinates all the separate budgets from the many activities within the Society. It can be alittle frustrating at times, but sooneror later, everybody has to come toyou. And if you are good, it allcomes out even in the end.

Heads are scratching in the Environmental Studiee Society as theExecutive frantically searches fortheir beloved Mucot, t he "Ball andChain . "We didn't even know thatwe HAD a Mucot , said an inside

source, who aaked not to be named,And now we find out that its beenmissing since Julyl Frankly, we'requite embarr&8sed." Officials havepromised to check into the matter.

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IIIII

Vice - Presidentby Jeff Wood

By somewhat tongue in cheek definition, my job description was givento me as 'President in charge ofVice'. Shortly after the election, Iwas told by more than one personthat it was not my job to show upeverywhere with beer in hand . Unfortunately, I haven't been able toshow up everywhere, but I know I'vetried. The Vice President is basically given jurisdiction over the social aspects of the society ie. get themasses involved (not the easiest taskthese days), act on feedback fromthe society (that's you) and"generally try to make sure everyone has agood time in the process.

AB far as the time commitmentis concerned, it's about equivalentto having another course or two perterm, depending on how much otherstuff the president dumps on you. Ifound it wasn't unbearable, it justmade me organize my time better.I f you want to meet people outside of Engineering, outside UW,and have a great time in the process,V.P. just might be the job you'relooking for. f you're interested, orjust curious, come and talk to me.Secretaryby "Thomas White -

To quote the Eng Soc Handbook:The principal job of the Secretary is the recording of the minutes of all Council and Executivemeetings. An ability to accurately and concisely report everything that happens at these meetings is this person's most importantquality, and one that certainly improves with practice. The Secretaryis also responsible for maintainingthe records of the Society"So what does the Secretary REALLY do?Well, recording of minutes (and,of course, making up the Attendance Question) is the most obvious responsibility of the Secretary.However, there is tremendous latitude for the Secretary to get involved in whatever aspect of the Society seems interesting. In my twoterms, I have worked on the IronWarrior, the Newsletter, Winterfest,and am currently coordinating theformation of a campus-wide SpiritCommittee (we ran the Spirit Pubat Fed Hall). In addition, I amworking with our Critiques Director, Neil Boyd, in putting togethera proposal for a WATSTAR BulletinBoard System.

The downside of the job? People constantly get me confused withSherry, the office secretary (I'm theone with the nice legs and cutesmile). The u ~ d e I get a lot ofdates that way.

Iron WarriorIssue #3Deadline:March 16, 1987


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Learning Styles OfThe Rich And Famousby TomLee3B Systems Design

Recently, the Engineering Education Research Centre (EERC) wasintroduced to a method of studying the learning characteristics ofindividuals . Developed by DavidKolb and Ronald Fry of MIT, theKolb Learning Style Inventory (LSI)attempts to determine dominantlearning traits of people. LSI isbased on the Experiential Modd oflearning processes. Brie8y, it statesthat learning is a cyclic process withfour dominant styiee or modes (fig.1):

Concrete Experience Re8ective Observat ion Abstract Conceptualization Active Experimentation

tion, and Active Experimentation(ie. they like the practical applications of ideas and theories) . Incontrast, The Diverger prefer environments emphasizing Concrete Experience and Reflective Observation(ie. they are creative, an can generate many alternatives for solutionto problems). Artists and musicianstend to fall into the diverger category.

Is there a dominant learningstyle among excellentengineering teachers?Using the work of Kolb, Stice andothers as a guideline, the EERCis currently planning a preliminarystudy of the learning styles facultyand students in engineering at UW.The first phase will involve a groupof ten faculty members who are recognized lJJ being excellent teachers (many of them are recipients of

the Distinguished Teacher's Award),

Concrete ExperiencefeeIJng

ctive x p e l i m e n t a t i o n ~ ~' / Reflective ObservationIUOtmlngAbstract Conceptualizationfig. 1: Kolb s Four-Stage Learning ycle

The learning, according to Kolb, isa dynamic process and involves theinteraction of all four modes. Mostpeople, however, tend to ~ a v e ormore of these modes dommate hiS orher learning styles. Through a seriesof questions, LSI tries to determinethe contributions of the four modesinto the overall learning style of anindividual.From previous work, Kolb suggests that there are four types ofoverall learning styles which resultfrom the contributions of the fourbasic modes. These are, Diverg-e , Auimilato , Converge , and

Accomodator8. Each of these typesrely heavily on one or two particularmode(s) of learning, and therefore,individuals identifies as being a particular type learn best when the corresponding mode is emphasized inthe learning environment.

all departments. With this phasewe hope to answer such questionsas Is there a dominant learningstyle among excellent engineeringteachers? , and Is there a dominant learning style among engineering students in general? . We hopethat the information gathered fromthis and any future studies that maybe undertaken, will be of use toall faculty members for developmentof courseware, and improvements inlecturing. Furthermore, studentsmay become more sensitive to thelearning styles of their professors.This will hopefully lead to bettercommunication and mutual effortsto improve the quality of e a c h i n ~

Battle Of The Witsby Cliff Knox2A Electrical

The Sanford Fleming Foundationhas added a new dimension to i tspopular debating series. On March27, UW will host the first annualOntario Undergraduate EngineeringDebates. This event will featuresome of the finest debators from Ontario engineering schools in off-topicformat debates. Off-topic debatesare lively, original, and humourous.There are currently .five universities committed to the event: Uof T, RMC, Queens, Western, andthe host UW. The teams will becompeting for the prestigious SilverTongue trophy, a soapstone bust

with a flailing silver plated tongue.The trophy and supplemental winner's r1aques are provided by thefoundations National organization.Each university can only enter oneteam . Therefore, the reigning A Socchamps must debate against the asyet to be determined B Soc champs.The winner will represent UW .The idea of provincial level debating was proposed by Paul Lum of 4BCivil. Anyone wishing more information on the competition or whowish to participate in its organization should contact Paul at the SFFOffice, CPR 4332, X400B.Everyone is encouraged to comeout and support Waterloo's team atthe March 27 event.

The Stage Band ..Not Bnadby Steve Piotrowski4B Civil

When most people hear a reference to an engineering band theythink of the Plummen Hud HatBand. This band appears at stagsand parades promoting loud chantsand patriotic singing. There is, however, a more serious band whichentertains audiences with well performed jan . This is the EngineeringStage Band.The Stage Band appears each fallat the Engineering Awardll Banquetand has made appearances at the'Poor BoYII Luncheon at Kitchener's Market Square and at varioullspeciel events on campus.

This term, the band is scheduled

to play on Campus Day, March 17in EL 101 at 12:30 and at a special end of term concert in the CPHfoyer.The instrumentation of a IItageba.nd is usually {our trumpets, foul'

trombones, five saxes, a bue, a piano , a rhythm guitar, and a drummer. The addition of a vocalist lu tfall introduced a new element thatenriched the overall sound of theband. The band is still looking forlOme trumpet playere and a baritonela player.Space for practices and fundingare provided by the Engineerins S0ciety.If you want to bear some sreat

JU I tuneage, lillten to the EnJineer- ,in St&8 Band at one of its upcoming concerts.

Name that band

.WOWFor example, Kolb, as well asDr. Jim Stice of the University 'ofTexas, Austin, have found that engineers tend to be Convergers, wholearn best under circumstances thatemphasise Abstract Conceptualizau well u a random group of un

dersraduate 8tudente repreeenting

You Have To'See It To Believe ItOur Famous3 FOOT SUB


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4 Iron Warrior February 1987Fiction FeatureThe itler Paradoxby Julian Ford2A Systems Design

Time is not a difficult concept .Moreover, time travel is not a complicated task . The numerous storieswritten on the subject of time machines have caused them to becomesome sort of far fetched fantasy vehicle for uneducated writers to earna living.In 1990, I read a brilliant piece ofwork by Asimov which put forwardhis views on the subject . t was thisthat gave me my start. I had always been interested in time traveland even though it had always beenregarded as a science fiction gimmick ,I began reading works done by various authors . Einstein had some veryinteresting ideas , but unfortunately,useful material was difficult to comeby, as many of the authors wereexpressing ludicrous ideas with thesole intent of selling their story. Thishad the inevitable effect of confusing the public and compounding thesurrealistic image that time travelhad already developed .By the time I read Asimov s work,I had already conceived a plausibleimage in my own mind of how Ibelieved time to be structured. Itwas approximately a year afterwardswhen 1 had roughly pieced togethermy theory.Time travel had beenregardedas a science fictiongimmickMy father had been a physics professor before he retired, and haddone extensive research on varioustypes of forces. I approac hed him

with my theory and we spent manynights discussing the structure oftime and the forces involved in moving through it. Our discussionshad always ended the same way; wewould have finished a couple of bottles of wine or our favourite liquor, itwould be three or four in the morning, and he would absolutely de-nounce my ideas. His disbelief onlydrove me to work harde r. I onlywish he had lived to see my creation,even though it ended as it did.Over the next eight years, I refined my theory, and developed a so-

phisticated computer system to runsimulations and to help me designmy time machine. Along the way,I had carefully chosen people whowould be helpful to me, for I was notmechanically inclined and could nothave constructed my machine alone .In 2003, my machine was completed . It was basically a special form of gyroscope which exerte dthree equal and mutually perpendicular forces towards its center wherethere was a seat and a small computer terminal for controlling themachine.Someone else would havesurely tried to commit crimesin historyThe theory seemed so straightforward to me that I often wondered why it was previously undiscovered. To exist in our world, itis obvious that an object requireslength, width, and breadth, otherwise the object will only exist ina two-dimensional plane and not inour universe. What so many havemissed, is that an object also needsduration . f something were to exist only for an instantaneous periodof time, then it would come into being and cease to exist at the samepoint in time, and would therefore

never truly exist. It was thus thatI concluded that time was actuallya dimenston and could therefore berepresented by an axis perpendicular to the three dimensions we arefamiliar with . This may well seemimpossible to envision, but the geometric representation is irrelevant.Given this assumptio n, time then, isan actual physical direction, and weare travelling in that direction at aconstant rate. My machine simplyaccelerates, decelerates or reversesthat rate, thus yielding forward andbackward time travel.

The gyroscope exerts the threeforces which create a rotating forceabout the time axis. The final keyto time travel lay in Einstein s theories of relativity which suggest thattime slippage occurs 88 one travelsfaster relative to a fixed point inspace. It used to be believed thattravelling faster than light, which ieof course impossible, was the onlyway to travel in time, but this is

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only partially true. According tothe simulations I had run, my theory supported the idea that it wasthe kinetic energy used in travellingat the speed of light which causedthis disturbance to occur in the timedirection. It then seemed obviousthat the equivalent amount of energy should be employed in the induced fields . And so my machinewas created.

t has been the way with all ofman s creations, regardless of theoriginal intent, that there wouldsomewhere be someone who woulduse them for evil purposes. In ignoring that, I had made my mistake.Once the machine had been completed, my three associates and Ihad deliberated on the so calledparadox of time, such as what wouldbe the result of killing a parent priorto your own birth . f this wereto occur, then you would never exist to accomplish thi s deed, therefore your parent would live, andthus you would exist. Tom Sampson, one of my three associates,had argued that the past could bechanged, but our memories wouldbe altered accordingly. I maintainedthat the past had already occuredand could therefore not be changed.We did, however, delay testing themachine until I had convinced Tomand David that my theory was correct. Joseph still contested that thepast could be altered. All considered, we decided we would not try toalter history until we could be surethat the result would not be catastrophic.On the eve ofour first journey intotime, I received a phone call at hometo come to the laboratory. When

I arrived, I found Tom and Davidwere already there but our time machine was not : David had found anote left by Joseph. In the note heexplained that he had taken the machine in hopes of travelling back to1933 to kill Hitler. Perhaps it wasmy fault. I had worked very hardand had required the same from mycolleagues. Joseph may not havebeen able to take such pressure. Perhaps I had erred in my judgement

e had taken the timemachine back to 1933 to killitlerof him at the start. In any case,he claimed he had to know if thepast could be altered, but more importantly, he wanted to prevent theterrible slaughter which Hitler hadwrought. It was then that we realized that our machine should nothave come to be. f it had not beenJoseph, someone else would havesurely tried to commit crimes in history for personal rewards or evenfor a noble cause. We were afraid.We did not know how Joseph s actions had affected the world. Wedestroyed the plans and erased thedata which we had stored in thecomputers.

We never did find out what happened, however, for Jos eph never returned, and the world remained thesame. The Russians still invadedEurope in 1936 and Joseph apparently failed in his intention to stopthe ass88in which claimed Hitler slife in 1933. I suppose after all thathas happened, my machine was, infact, a failure. My father was right .

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February 987

Inner SanctumSomewhere inside my mindThere is a studioWhere the sun filters through windowsOnto a golden wooden floor,Where I paint picturesof places where I travelledIn my dreamsIt is a place of inner peace ,of inner solitude.A place where my mind wandersFreely, over fresh green spacesmy mind is at pe aceJansje Franck

PuppetI sway to the Rhythmof the world s demandsmoving at a frantic paceGot to stay in styleAdapt ing to daily trendsTo stay on topI follow the groupdo what I m toldIt s the thing to doLife is easywith no decisions to make

.puppet on a stringDave ~ i t e h e a d

Talon s wakeningThe Breath. Fresh blue sky. Sun freedomBirdsong rustle, and the Breath.. Fresh tingling, life-full breath.Shiver thrill. Sense sation.Paul Arthurs

ron Warri r

Shut EdoeThe searing, yearning past year of demandPaining tuming, failing? spurning

Clasp grab clutch. Held.Clenched to heart. HoldingClench holding. Straining weeping.Clench holding. Straining weeping.Clench holding. Clench. Holding.

Paul Arthurs

GlassWhen you build a worldof rosy hopes and crystal dreamsTo share with someone else,And that someone else accepts

nd then shatters itLike so many glass need lesnd eac h p iece of memory stabs deepInto the hea rt

One wonde rs who s left to lovend cling to

Except for empty spaceJansje Franck

Late NiobtLate t nightIsit and thinkstaring at a pageeyelids start to sinkWords BlurWriting WandersHead hangs lowI only want to slumberThoughts Driftcloser to bedIcannot thinkNumbness in my HeadWhy ContinueIs this Fu

iron warrior: volume 8, issue 2

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