iran – a current overview
DESCRIPTION
Iran – A Current Overview. 3 rd largest oil reserve & 2 nd largest natural gas reserve Imports more gasoline than any other country except U.S. 1978-1979 Revolution 2005 - Mahmoud Ahmadinejad succeeds Khomeini 2007- 60% of population under 30 Rise of fundamentalism – SHARI’A. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Iran – A Current Overview 3rd largest oil reserve & 2nd largest natural gas reserve
Imports more gasoline than any other country except U.S.
1978-1979 Revolution
2005 - Mahmoud Ahmadinejad succeeds Khomeini
2007- 60% of population under 30
Rise of fundamentalism – SHARI’A
Reza Shah Pahlavi After WWII began a
program of Westernization (modeled after Turkey) Land reform & ownership
increased Education improved Women’s rights: voting, more
education, professionalism & western dress
Carried on by son Mohammed Reza Pahlavi (abdicated 1941)
REFORMS FAILED Spending too much on non-
essential things (i.e. military instead of helping people)
Iranian Revolution 1978-79
Iranian RevolutionShiite, Ayatollah Khomeini
Exiled in 1964 – began Rev from Paris
Grievances: corruption, police heavy-handedness, modernization, westernization, imperialism, exploitation of underprivileged, & illegitimate shah monarchy
52 US personnel hostage crisis of ’79 (444 days)
Iran became Islamic Republic led by handful of powerful
ayotallahs & 180,000 mullahs (priests) THEOCRACY
“divine rule by clerics”, Khomeini was the infallible supreme leader
Prediction: How will this change in
leadership affect society & culture in
Iran??
Cuban Revolution CAUSE
Corrupt government Fidel Castro overthrew Fulgencio Batista
EVENTS Batista ruled as dictator (40s) Guerrilla warfare begins (mid-50s) Castro takes over (‘59)
New gov= communist Che Guevara – Argentinean, Marxist revolutionary who allied with Castro, later became Pres. of Cuban National Bank & dealt w/US & USSR
Tried to help Bolivian Rev- captured & killed (‘67)
Cuban Revolution: Consequences
Democratic Constitution (amendment allowed US intervention)
1 of last 5 communist governments in world
Better living conditions: Redistribution of wealth,
stabilize population, nationalized industries, health & education opportunities, laws to stop enviro damage
Arts flourished: murals
Negatives Repression of
Spanish American
monopolies Cuban Missile
Crisis
End of Day Quiz Name 1 cause of the Cuban Revolution. Name 1 cause of the Iranian Revolution. Name one event during the Iranian
Revolution. Name one consequence of the Cuban
Revolution.
THE MIDDLE EAST 1900-1914
Ottomans & WWI Surge in nationalism (esp.
Young Turks) Post- WWI
1st Central Power to fall Armenian Genocide Betrayed by G.B. & France -
land was controlled by the League of Nations
Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)
Interwar Period American oil companies hedged out
British influence & gained control over many oil facilities Saudi Arabia Kuwait* Bahrain
Post WWII Pakistan independence
from GB (1947) Syrian independence
(1944) 1948- 1st Arab-Israeli
War* Turkish Crisis- Soviets
demanding lands (although neutral during WWII) & US sent aid…why?
Egypt
Came to power in 1952 – member of the Free Officers Movement
Allied w/Muslim Brotherhood Loss of Arab-Israeli War (1948) Broad social & economic
reforms Foreign policy:
Defeat Israel Arab unity Agitate socialist rev
1956- forced G.B. out of Suez Canal
REFORMS FAILED
Founded 1928 by Hasan al-Banna Murdered in 1949
Contempt for wealthy Egyptian & Euro minority that flourished in face of mass poverty founded to remedy probs
Fundamentalist Called for massive reforms Strikes, riots &
assassinations
Gamal Abdul Nasser Muslim Brotherhood
The Six Day War (1967) It was a total victory for Israel who then took:
The West Bank from Jordan Golan Heights from Syria Gaza Strip and Sinai from Egypt
1978 Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egyptian Pres. Anwar el-Sadat signed the Camp David Accords (oversaw by Pres. Carter) Israel returned Sinai and Egypt (a Muslim nation)
recognized Israel’s right to exist Won Nobel Peace Prize Muslim extremist assassinated Sadat in 1981 – jailed political opponents (etc.)
Egypt after Nasser Anwar Sadat was his successor Ended many programs, sought out
private initiatives Made peace with Israel Expelled Russians Opened Egypt to the west Hosni Mubarak (successor) continued on
similar path MUSLIM FUNDAMENTALISM continues
One such group assassinated Sadat
Israel Balfour Declaration (1917)
creation of Israel required that Jews and
Palestinians divide land that was traditionally theirs
1930’s -1940 ~500,000 Jews arrive
Palestinians had the numbers but the Jews had money & world sympathy
David Ben-Gurion (PM of Israel) - May 1948
“The Arab-Israeli Conflict” PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) was
created & dedicated to reclaiming the land and establishing a Palestinian state Intifada’s (uprisings) Terrorism
New Hostilities began in 2000 Israel elected Ariel Sharon as PM and he built a wall between Palestine and Israel for
protection
PLO leader Yasser Arafat died in 2004 New president signed a armistice with Israel ending the
Intifada
Intifada c.1988 – Young Palestinians demonstrating in the streets
Israel & Palestine “The Arab-Israeli Conflict”
“Right of Return”
9 million Palestinians living outside of homeland Diaspora (ghurba)
Israel (2007) 7.3 million Jews 1.6 million
Palestinians/non-Palestinians
OPECORGANIZATION OF PETROLEUM EXPORTING COUNTRIES
Oil= power OPEC set the world price for oil and
controlled the amount available 1970 they cut supply
Prices skyrocketed Since the 1980s lost some of its power Infrastructure &/or wealth in hands of
minority
8% of world’s oil reserves
Urbanized, welfare state
1990 Gulf War Iraqi invasion to
“reclaim” land
Shiites, Sunnis & Kurds
9% of world’s oil reserves
No deep water port
Kuwait Iraq: “Vortex of Violence”
Iraq: “Vortex of Violence” Saddam Hussein
Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) Gulf War (1990) Civil war Operation Iraqi Freedom
1st “free” election (2005)
Civil War
Terrorismal-Qa’ida destroyed the World Trade Center in New York on
September 11, 2001
“Arab Spring”
Wave of demonstrations and protests (both non-violent and violent), riots, and civil wars in the Arab world that began on 18 December 2010