Feed the Future Innovation Lab forIntegrated Pest Management

Happy New Year and welcome to the IPM Innovation Lab's Winter 2020 Newsletter. IPMIL looks forward to another year of progress disseminating natural crop solutions to

smallholder farmers in the developing world. Read on to learn what we've been up tothe last couple of months.

Recent Activities

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The IPM IL has been awarded a new associate award in Nepal entitled Feed the Future NepalIntegrated Pest Management (FTFNIPM). The $1,392,452 USAID-funded award centers ondisseminating sustainable crop solutions to farmers, namely those living in marginalized communities.A major goal of the project is to strengthen the capacity of Nepal's agricultural system to safely,effectively, and sustainably respond to and manage existing and emerging threats to plant health.

The USDA awarded the Biocomplexity Institute a $500,000 collaborative grant to assess the threat ofthe invasive pest Tuta absoluta into the United States. Abhijin Adiga, head of IPM IL's modelingproject, is one of lead researchers involved.

IPM IL's Grains IPM team has developed a training manual for abating the spread of the fallarmyworm. The pest, native to the Americas, has spread throughout Asia and Africa, causing majordamage and destruction of maize and other critical crops. The training manual outlines the processfor rearing and releasing two natural enemies of the pest - Trichogramma and Telenomus - which areboth local to Asia and Africa.

A private company - Agribusiness Associates - was commissioned to conduct an exploratory studyfor possible privatization of production or import and sale of IPM tools in Cambodia and Ethiopia.

A special issue of the journal Crop Protection included 16 articles prepared by collaborating scientistsof the IPM IL.

IPM IL hosted a booth at the World Food prize in Iowa, where Virginia Tech led the release of theGAP Report.

The Annual Technical Advisory Committee Meeting was held in Tanzania. IPM IL researchers andcollaborators shared project progress and visited a local biocontrol center.

This year, trainings on mass-rearing natural enemies of the fall armyworm were held in Niger andKenya, while trainings on Tuta absoluta were held in Vietnam.

With 15 collaborators supported, IPM IL presented three symposia at the 2019 International PlantProtection Congress in Hyderabad, India.

At the 2019 Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting in Missouri, IPM IL presented asymposia on fall armyworm.

https://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/A-Guide-to-Biological-Control-of-FAW_Final-updated.pdf

Project Updates

IPM for Grains for East Africa: The East Africa team continues to develop and build capacity for managing the fall armyworm, a pestthat attacks maize and numerous other crops. This summer, IPM IL supported a training in Niger thatinvited participants from 11 different countries to learn how to mass-rear and release two naturalenemies of the pest. IPM IL is currently working to initiate biocontrol sites in different areas throughoutEast Africa in order to scale-up the process.

IPM for Vegetable Crops in East Africa: In Tanzania, the IPM IL team continues to conduct farmer and stakeholder trainings for healthyseedling production, nursery hygiene and management, pest scouting, and other practices. InKenya, surveys revealed the most serious diseases and pests of farmers' tomatoes and other crops.Additionally, seven groups continue to use WhatsApp to help connect with and train farmers in IPMsystems. Images of 1,000 diseases on different vegetable crops have been collected and managedin the database.

Biological Control of the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus in EastAfrica: The IPM IL team is making major headway on managing the invasive weed Partheniumhysterophorus, an invasive weed that harms human, animal, and environmental health. The team hasreleased two natural enemies - Zygogramma bicolorata and Listronotus setosipennis. In September,teams visited Arba Minch and observed in multiple areas that Zygogramma had established andspread to areas beyond its initial release site. The areas that were infested with Parthenium two yearsago are now overgrown with natural vegetation suitable for grazing. Listronotus, which was releasedin 2017, was also observed in the stems of the weed mitigating its growth.

IPM for Vegetable Crops and Mango in Asia: In Cambodia, numerous on-farm trials have been completed for IPM packages for cucumber andtomato. Students at the Royal University of Agriculture continue to experiment on IPM packages aswell. In Bangladesh, management practices for pests such as mango hopper, mango fruit flyand Tuta absoluta have been tested, while in Nepal, pheromone lures have been tested for fruit fly oncucumber and bitter gourd. IPM packages for chili, onion, french beans, and eggplants have beentested. Over 300 community business facilitators, or farmer entrepreneurs, have been trained, while1,500 farmers have been trained on IPM practices in general this year.

IPM for Exportable Fruit Crops in Vietnam: IPM IL continues to manage four crops in Vietnam: longan, dragon fruit, lychee, and mango. Fordragon fruit, techniques such as bagging help prevent canker diseases, in addition to pheromonetraps and biopesticides that aim to protect the crop from other serious diseases and pests. Fruitbagging remains a technique for longan and mango as well, mitigating pests such as fruit flies.Implementation of Trichoderma also boosts plant defense mechanisms against emerging threats.This year, scientists from Vietnam received training on rearing natural enemies for the fall armyworm, inaddition to hosting awareness workshops in Ho Chi Minh City and Ha Noi for Tuta absoluta.

Modeling for Biodiversity and Climate Change: This project has found that as climatic changes occur, the spread of invasive weeds is affected.Thus, the distribution of seven invasive alien plant species has been assessed in Nepal. Five invasivespecies - Chromolena odorata, Mikania micrantha, Lantana camara, Ageratina adenophora andParthenium hysterophorus - increased in their coverage in the region from 1990 to 2018,whereas two - Ipomea and Eichhornea crassipes - decreased in distribution or showed haphazarddistribution. Species distribution maps were developed using satellite images and help to predictfuture suitable habitats for crop growth.

Ecologically-based Participatory IPM Packages for Rice in Cambodia(EPIC): Fall armyworm was detected in the country in May 2019, so several extension materials weredeveloped in the local language. Pheromone traps and lures were provided for the Department ofPlant Protection to monitor the pest and follow-up trainings on identification have been conducted.The pest's eggs are currently being collected in anticipation of rearing natural enemies. Further,through partnership with VIAMO, the IPM IL team produced and tested an interactive voice responsesystem. The system is designed so that farmers can call in and be guided through pest identificationand IPM recommendations. Regular trade fairs with private sector companies remain active spacesfor farmers to learn about new productive technologies.

Invasive Species Modeling for South American Tomato Leafminer:A network-based model has been developed to study the spread of invasive species. The modelhas been applied to study the possible spread of the invasive tomato pest, Tuta absoluta in theregion of South East Asia. This model captures the pest's pathways of natural and human-mediatedspread. Several countries were the focus of the pest's invasion dynamics: Bangladesh, Myanmar,Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Philippines.

Select Research

Renegotiating gender roles and cultivation practices in the Nepali mid-hills: unpacking thefeminization of agriculture. Agriculture and Human Values.

Do field-level practices of Cambodian farmers prompt a pesticide lock-in? Field CropsResearch.

Economic impacts of fall armyworm and its management strategies: evidence fromsouthern Ethiopia. European Review of Agricultural Economics.

Farm-level impacts of eggplant integrated pest management: a stochastic frontierproduction function approach. International Journal of Vegetable Science.

Development of bio-rational management approach against mango hopper Idioscopusnagpurensis (Pruthi) in Bangladesh. Journal of Biological Control.

Predicting suitable habitat of an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus under futureclimate scenarios in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape, Nepal. Journal of MountainScience.

Integrated Pest Management of Longan (Sapindales: Sapindaceae) in Vietnam. Journalof Integrated Pest Management.

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10460-019-09997-0https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10460-019-09997-0https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378429018317982https://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Economic-impacts-of-fall-armyworm-and-its-management-strategies_-evidence-fromsouthern-Ethiopia.pdfhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/Economic-impacts-of-fall-armyworm-and-its-management-strategies_-evidence-fromsouthern-Ethiopia.pdfhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19315260.2019.1566188?journalCode=wijv20&https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19315260.2019.1566188?journalCode=wijv20&https://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Mango-hopper.pdfhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Mango-hopper.pdfhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Mango-hopper.pdfhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/Mango-hopper.pdfhttps://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11629-019-5548-y?author_access_token=GpSZSEqZ3Rh3gRO6LutEpfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY5QqF2dESMMTguiQYyuqoCkqQRmsybVtZ6p15m_Y2atsJl-WhYjdA8JAx_50jcZUpo-pxxQH7fnPeigh0Qv1DltamnSMbx4Q37_-Kqg0celYQ%3D%3Dhttps://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11629-019-5548-y?author_access_token=GpSZSEqZ3Rh3gRO6LutEpfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY5QqF2dESMMTguiQYyuqoCkqQRmsybVtZ6p15m_Y2atsJl-WhYjdA8JAx_50jcZUpo-pxxQH7fnPeigh0Qv1DltamnSMbx4Q37_-Kqg0celYQ%3D%3Dhttps://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11629-019-5548-y?author_access_token=GpSZSEqZ3Rh3gRO6LutEpfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY5QqF2dESMMTguiQYyuqoCkqQRmsybVtZ6p15m_Y2atsJl-WhYjdA8JAx_50jcZUpo-pxxQH7fnPeigh0Qv1DltamnSMbx4Q37_-Kqg0celYQ%3D%3Dhttps://link.springer.com/epdf/10.1007/s11629-019-5548-y?author_access_token=GpSZSEqZ3Rh3gRO6LutEpfe4RwlQNchNByi7wbcMAY5QqF2dESMMTguiQYyuqoCkqQRmsybVtZ6p15m_Y2atsJl-WhYjdA8JAx_50jcZUpo-pxxQH7fnPeigh0Qv1DltamnSMbx4Q37_-Kqg0celYQ%3D%3Dhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/Longan-IPM-in-Vietnam.pdf

Assessing the multi-pathway threat from an invasive agricultural pest: Tuta absoluta inAsia. Proceedings of the Royal Society B.

Success Stories

A Private Sector Collaboration Keeps Pests at Bay, Partnerships Possible

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1159https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1159https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1159https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2019.1159https://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/BCRL-Success-Story.pdf

Cambodian Farmer Implements and Modifies Machinery, Improves Quality of Rice

Rodents and Rice: Cambodian Farmers Find Safe and Productive Ways to Fight FurryPests

Recent Publications

https://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Eli-Rice-Seeder-Success-Story-1.pdfhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Cambodia-Rodent-Management.pdfhttps://ipmil.cired.vt.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Cambodia-Rodent-Management.pdf

Study on Push-Pull Technology Shows Valuable Links to Women'sEmpowerment. Agrilinks.

Report: Reaching Every Corner of the World with Sustainable Solutions. Food Tank.

New Guide Details Pest-management Practices for Longan. Entomology Today.

New Research on Sustainable Agriculture Shows Why Farmers Adopt or DismissNontoxic Farming Methods. VT News.

Enhancing the Private Sector: Two Teams Collaborate for a Common Goal. Agrilinks.

Modeling and Managing Invasive Species in the Developing World. GAP Report.

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