ionic activated viscose fibres · 2010-10-14 · ionic activated viscose fibres for superior dyeing...
TRANSCRIPT
49th Man-Made Fibre Congress Dornbirn
Dr. Roland Scholz,R&D, Kelheim Fibres GmbH
Ionic Activated
Viscose Fibres
Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres
Overview
1. Kelheim Fibres – a short introduction
2. Viscose fibres – process, properties, applications
3. Dye absorption characteristics of ionic activatedviscose fibres
4. Summary
2
Kelheim Fibres – Producer of Speciality Viscose Fibres
1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
1968
Hoechst AG
Acquisition of
a majority
shareholding
1974
Hoechst AG
Werk
Kelheim
1994
CourtauldsEuropean Fibres
Joint Venture
Hoechst
and Courtaulds
1999
AcordisKelheim GmbH
1936
Süddeutsche Zellwolle AG
Kelheim,
start-up of viscose
fibre production
(DANUFIL®)
3
2004:
KelheimFibres GmbH
Take-over by
EQUI-
Fibres GmbH
• Head Office Kelheim Germany
• Capacity ~ 75.000 to/year
• Staff ~ 500 people
• Turnover ~ 150 Mill €
• Accumulated R&D know how
from most of the historically leading
viscose producers
Cellulose – A very important Organic Polmyer
4
Cellulose provides structure to the world of plants
• the fibre component in the high-performance composite wood
• multi-functional molecule, polymorphic
• no synthetic polymer offers this spectrum of structures and properties
• renewable, ecologically worthwhile
Viscose Fibres – Chemistry made by Nature
Regeneration process:Conversion of inhomogeneous cellulosic fibres (pulp)to well-defined tailor-made cellulosic fibres (viscose)
5
O
+NaOH+ CS2
+ H2SO4
OH
CH2OH
OH
OH H
H
H
O
HH
CH2OH
OH
OH H
H
H
H
OCell. O C
S
SNa
OH
CH2OH
O
OH
OH H
H
H
O
HO
H
CH2OH
OH
OH H
H
H
O+ CS2+ Na2SO4
Cellulose XanthogenateCellulose
Regenerated Cellulose
Viscose Fibres – Tailor-made Properties and Span of Application
7
Unrivalled properties
• physiologically neutral, skin-friendly
• superb next-to-skin comfort, soft to touch
• hydrophilic, perfect moisture management
• restricted growth of micro organisms
• chemical stability
• chemical reactivity
(dyeability, processability, adaptability)
• brilliant colours
• not-melting
Viscose Fibres – Ionic Modification
8
Ionic activation of viscose fibres
HO
CH2OH
CH2OH
O
OH
H
H H
OH
H H
HO
O
HO
HO
NMe3
⊕⊕⊕⊕
O
• Incorporation of ionic additives,
e.g. polyelectrolytes
• Covalent bonding
⊕⊕⊕⊕
NR3
⊕⊕⊕⊕
NR3
• Coating of fibres
Ionic Activated Viscose Fibres for Superior Dyeing
9
Cationic activated Deep Dye fibre for yarns and textiles
Test of new approach for cationised fibre
• Decolouration of aqueous media
• Attraction and capture of anionic substances
Competitive dyeing
in one bath
Standard
Viscose
StandardViscose
Deep Dye
• Originally devoloped for superior
dyeability of viscose fibres
• Differential dyeing
• Special dyeing effects and patterns
(e.g. melange)
• One bath dyeing with polyester fibres
• Saving of dye, salt, water, energy, time
and cost
• Less environmental impact
Dye Absorption Capacity and Kinetics – Direct Dyes
• Absorption trials with different direct dyes:
Direct Blue 71, Direct Red 80, Direct Yellow 162
Direct Blue 71(Formula: www.chemblink.com )
10
Testing of dye adsorption / absorption properties
Test Parameters – Dye Absorption Capacity
• no classical dyeing conditions
→ no salt, no alkali
• analysis of remaining dye solution
11
60 °C, 60 min
20 °C
2 °C
/min
X % dye / mass of fibre
- keep remaining dye solution
- rinse fibre
Dye Absorption Capacity Criteria
• colour intensity of fibre
• colour intensity of remaining
solution
Direct Blue 71
12
Dye Absorption Curves
At a certain amount of dystuff → remaining solution not totally colourless
→ but fibre takes up additional dyestuff
13
Dyestuff in Remaining Solution
Direct Blue 71
2. Visual rating of solution
→ clear appearance of solution
Judgement of colour intensity
1. Photometric measurement
Definition of threshold
→ 99,8 % of dystuff has to be absorbed
→ 0,02 % remaining dyestuff in solution allowed
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Distribution of Direct Dye in the Fibre
Direct Blue 71
Cationised
Viscose
Standard
Viscose
Low dye
concentration
High dye
concentration
• homogeneous distribution of dye stuff
• utilisation of total fibre cross-section
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Dyeing of Cationised Fibre with Cationic Dye
Cationised Viscose
Viscose
• Typical dyeing conditions (!)
• Cationised fibre absorbs
cationic dyesuff
• Catonised fibre absorbs even
more cationic dye than
standard viscose fibre
16
Victoria Blue B
• Dye absorption capacity increases with level of cationic activation
(s-shaped curves)
Capacity – Dependency on the Level of Ionic Activation
Dye Pick up at 100 % Activation
Increase of dye concentrationat start of dye pick up test
Direct Blue 71
17
No dependency on total fibre surface
→ consistent with a homogeneous distribution of dye in fibre volume
Capacity – Dependency on Total Fibre Surface
18
Capacity – Different Direct Dyes
Remaining Solutions after Dye Pick-up withcationised fibre
19
Trichromic solutions (reference):
Direct Red
Direct Blue
Trichromic
• Dye absorption
capacity similar for
different tested direct
dyes
• Trichromic test
shows a slightly
varying affinity to
different dyes →
colour of remaining
liquid is different to
original trichromic
solution
• Capacity depends on
specific dye- Direct Yellow 162- Direct Blue 71- Direct Red 80
• Unchanged dye absorption capacity → no wash outin spunlace process
• Improved absorption capacity with dimensional stable fabrics
Capacity – Dependency on Textile Making-Up of Fibres
20
• Conversion of Deep Dye Fibre to nonwoven with standard equipment possilbe
Test Parameters – Dye Absorption Kinetics
• Basic parameters as used for capacity tests
• Analysis of remaining solution
time
Pre-Tests:
21
X % dye / mass of fibre
no salt
no caustic soda
20 °C
2 °C
/min
60 °C
- keep remaining dye solution
- rinse fibre
10 min 20 min 30 min
• Increased dye absorption speed with increasing level of
cationic activation
• Almost complete absorption within 10 min
Kinetics – Dependency on the Level of Cationic Activation
22
Kinetics – Dependency on tTextile Making-Up of Fibres
• Indication: increased dye absorption speed with increasing
dimensional stability of fabric23
Dye Transfer – Test Parameters
• Dye transfer test: Simulation of real conditions in laundry
⇒ bleeding of dye from textile fabric
24
• Bleeding textile fabrics:
C.I.„ReactiveBlack 5“
on Cotton
C.I.„DirectOrange 39“
on Cotton
C.I.„AcidBlue 113“
on Polyamide
Dye Transfer – Test Parameters
• Components of Dye Transfer Test
→ Bleeding Fabric
→ Adjacent Fabric
→ Deep Dye Fibre
→ ECE-laundry detergent
→ Steel balls (6 mm diameter)
25
• Parameter in accordance to DIN ISO 105-C06Test for colour fastness to domesticand commercial laundering“
Bleeding
Fabric
AdjacentFabric(segmented)
Wool
PAN
PES
PA 6.6
Cotton
2,5 Acetate
• 30 min, 60 °C
Test method and evaluation
• Staining of reference textile without Deep Dye fibre
• Use of a grey reference scale to judge level of staining26
AdjacentFabric
C.I „Direct Orange 39“
C.I. „Acid Blue 113“
C.I. „ReactiveBlack 5“
Wool
PAN
PES
PA 6.6
Cotton
2,5 Acetate
Dye transfer with {Cotton / Direct Orange 39}
Deep Dye fibresafter transfer test
27
• Transfer inhibition with Deep Dye fibre
Adjacent Fabric
Reference DD (low) DD (medium) DD (high)
Wool
PAN
PES
PA 6.6
Cotton
2,5 Acetate
Dye Transfer with {Polyamide / Acid Blue 113}
28
• Transfer inhibition with Deep Dye fibre
Deep Dye fibresafter transfer test
Adjacent Fabric
Reference DD (low) DD (medium) DD (high)
Wool
PAN
PES
PA 6.6
Cotton
2,5 Acetate
Dye Transfer with {Cotton / Reactive Black 5}
29
• Transfer inhibition with Deep Dye fibre
Adjacent Fabric
Reference DD (medium) DD (high)
Wool
PAN
PES
PA 6.6
Cotton
2,5 Acetate
Deep Dye fibresafter transfer test
• Investigations prove the potential
of cationised Deep Dye fibre
to capture anionic substances andfor decolouring of aqueous media
→ Capacity, kinetics, colour transfer
→ Affinity to different dyes
• The level of cationic activation controls colour absorption
characteristics of Deep Dye fibre
• Homogeneous distribution of dye in the fibre cross section
→ No dependence of dye absorption capacity on total fibresurface
• Conversion of Deep Dye Fibre to nonwoven with standard
equipment possible, without loss of activity
Summary and conclusions
30
StandardViscose
Deep Dye
Acknowledgements
31
University of Applied Sciences Hof,
Faculty of Textile and Design
Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften –
Fachhochschule Hof
• Dipl.-Ing. Dana DedinskiDiploma Thesis
• Prof. Michael RauchTextiltechnologie, Verfahrenstechnik der Textilveredlung