Iodine for Mother and Fetus

IODINE

It is an essential micro-nutrient ( Trace element ).

It was discovered in 1811 by COURTOIS.

Storage in- Thyroid gland It is necessary for the

synthesis of T3 & T4 thyroid hormones.

Iodine present in food & water as- Inorganic iodide

Absorbed from- Gut

IODINEWE NEED IT.

WE CAN’T LIVE WITHOUT IT !

Source of Iodine

IODIDESTherapeutic Uses

LOCATION of Thyroid Gland

Keeping It Right: The Body’s Natural Thyroid Hormone

“Thermostat”

Synthesis and Release of thyroid

hormones

Iodine Deficiency – A Disease of The Soil

CAUSES OF IODINE

DEFICIENCY

Diets That May Cause Iodine

Deficiency

Diets without ocean fish or sea vegetables

Inadequate use of iodized salt including low-sodium

diets

Diets high in the consumption of bakery products (e.g.,

breads, pasta) which contain bromide

Vegan and vegetarian diets

Effect of Iodine Deficiency Disorder

Requirements

Iodine Deficiency Disorders

& Human Life Cycle

1) Unborn Child (Foetus)

2) Newborn Child (Neonate)

3) Child & Adolescent

4) Adult

Iodine Deficiency Iodine Sufficiency

Iodine Deficiency is the single most

common cause of preventable mental retardation

Brain Cell Growth

• Diminished brain cell branching due to iodine deficiency

• Diminished branching Less connections Lower IQ

Brain cell

Branching

And

IQ

Implications of

Loss of I.Q.

1. Poor Scholastic performance

2. Frequent failures / grade repetitions

3. Absenteeism / Drop outs

4. Major implications: Education for All

5. Consequent economic & social effects

6. Drain on Human Resource Development

Iodine Deficiency = Goitre =

Visible Swelling

No Pain = Not a cause of

Mortality = Cosmetic problem

Cretinism rare

Historic View

Current View

Mental & Physical growth

Loss of Energy-hypothyroidism

Learning Disability, Poor Motivation

Child Development and Child Survival

Human Resource Development

IDD – The Hourglass

CRETINISM

1% - 10%

Cretinism

5% - 30%

Some brain damage

30% - 70%

Loss of energy due to hypothyroidism

Iceberg of

IDD

Assessing the severity of iodine deficiency in the community:

CLASSIFICATION OF GOITER SIZE

Grade Description

0 no goiter

1 A thyroid lobes more than end of the thumb

B thyroid enlarged, visible when the head tilted back

2 thyroid enlarged, visible when neck in normal position

3 thyroid greatly enlarged, visible from about 10 meters

World Health Organisation

HYPOTHYROIDISM

Appropriate Thyroid Blood

Tests andThyroid Conditions

Consequences of Perchlorate

Breast disease

Hypothyroidism

Immune System Problems

Mental retardation in newborns

Neurologic Problems

Poor fetal development

Poor neonatal development

Thyroid cancer

National Iodine Deficiency

Disorders Control Programme

National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Programme

Launch of National Goitre Control Programme, 1962

OBJECTIVES: Identification of Goitre endemic areas &

supply of iodised salt in these areas.

To assess the impact of goitre control measures over a

period of time.

Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme, 1986 with

an objective to replace entire edible salt by iodine salt, in

phased manner by 1992.

To Reduce the prevalence of Iodine Deficiency Disorders

below 10% in the entire country by 2012 Achieve

Universal Access to Iodized Salt.*

*Source: 11 th Five Year Plan, Govt. of India

• In 1983, Government of India took policy decision to iodize all salt meant for human consumption

Universal Salt Iodization (USI)

• Private sector was permitted and encouraged to produce iodized salt

• “Elimination of goiter” was included in then Prime Minister’s 20-point National Development Program

• Govt. of India issued notification banning the salt of non iodized salt for direct human consumption with

effect from 17th May, 2006.

Universal Salt Iodization