Introduction to Wireless Communication Systems

These slides contains copyrighted materials from Prentice Hall Inc., obtained as instructor resources, and taken from the following sources:-Wireless Communications and Networking, Jon W. Mark, Weihua Zhuang

-Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Theodore S. Rappaport

Wireless Systems

• Cellular systems– IMTS, AMPS; IS-54, IS-136, IS-95, GSM; WCDMA, CDMA2000

• Microwave links– MW trunks, and fixed broadband access

• Satellite links– Geo stationary satellites, Low earth orbiting (LEO), TV boradcast

• Paging systems• Cordless phones

– CT2, PHS, DECT • Wireless LANs

– IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), Hiperlan• Wireless Personal area networks (Bluetooth)

– IEEE 802.15• Wireless local loops

– PACT• Broadcast systems

– Radio and TV (DAB, DVB)

Major Wireless Standards• Wireless WLANs and PANs

– IEEE 802.11, IEEE 802.11b, a, g– HIPERLANs, – IEEE 802.15 (Bluetooth)

• Fixed Broadcast Systems– DVB(digital video broadcasting), DAB(Digital audio broadcasting)– Satellite radio– Local Multipoint Distribution Service(26-32 GHz)

• Cellular Systems– 1G(Analog)

• AMPS, NAMPS, NMT– 2G(Digital)

• GMS, IS-54, IS-95, USDC, DCS-1800– 3G(Wide-band Digital)

• UMTS, W-CDMA, CDMA2000• Corless Phones

– DECT, PACS

Why Wireless?• Benefits

– Mobility: Ability to communicate anywhere!!

– Easier configuration, set up and lower installation cost

• Difficulties

– Communication medium: Free space

• Noisy and unpredictable channel

• Broadcast channel, more user ->less BW per user

– Higher equipment cost

– Usually regulated spectrum and limited BW

• Techno-politic

– Need backbone systems in order to function properly

Wireless Services

Satelite

Outdoor Fixed

Indoor (WLAN)

Outdoor Mobile

Market penetration

Figure 1.1 The growth of mobile telephony as compared with other popular inventions of the 20th century.

Figure 2.1 Growth of cellular telephone subscribers throughout the world.

Figure 2.2 Worldwide subscriber base as a function of cellular technology in late 2001.

Paging system

Cordless phone system

Cellular system

Figure 2.3 Various upgrade paths for 2G technologies.

Figure 2.4 Example of the emerging applications and markets for broadband services. (Courtesy of Harris Corporation, ©1999, all rights reserved.)

Figure 2.5 Allocation of broadband wireless spectrum throughout the world. (Courtesy of Ray W. Nettleton and reproduced by permission of Formus Communications.)

Figure 2.7 A wireless Competitive Local Exchange Carrier (CLEC) using Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) distribution.

Figure 2.8 Measured received power levels over a 605 m 38 GHz fixed wireless link in clear sky, rain, and hail [from [Xu00], ©IEEE].

Figure 2.9 Measured received power during rain storm at 38 GHz [from [Xu00], ©IEEE].

Figure 2.11 Photographs of popular 802.11b WLAN equipment. Access points and a client card are shown on left, and PCMCIA Client card is shown on right. (Courtesy of Cisco Systems, Inc.)

Figure 2.13 A predicted coverage plot for three access points in a modern large lecture hall. (Courtesy of Wireless Valley Communications, Inc., ©2000, all rights reserved.)

Figure 2.15 A typical neighborhood where high speed license free WLAN service from the street might

be contemplated [Dur98b].

Figure 2.16 Measured values of path loss using a street-mounted lamp-post transmitter at 5.8 GHz, for various types of customer premise antenna [from [Dur98], ©IEEE].

Figure 2.17 Example of a Personal Area Network (PAN) as provided by the Bluetooth standard.