introduction to remote sensing_2014
DESCRIPTION
Complete Introduction to Remote Sensing_2014TRANSCRIPT
An Introduction To Some New Era FieldsPart _ 1
Presented By: Atiqa Ijaz Khan
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Introduction to New FieldsEmerging New Subjects and their applications
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Introduction to New Fields
Remote Sensing (RS)
Geographic Information
System (GIS)Geomatics
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PART - 01
Remote Sensing
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Remote Sensing (RS)Introduction to Basics
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Remote Sensing (RS)
“The art and science of obtaining information about an object without being in direct contact with the object” (Jensen 2000).
The science (and art) of acquiring information about an object, without entering in contact with it, by sensing and recording reflected or emitted energy and processing, analyzing, and applying that information. Information usually gathered from spacecraft or an airplane.
In from of aerial photographs to satellite images.
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Remote Sensors …
Eyes Ears
Binoculars
Digital Camera
Pigeon Cameras1903
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Types of Remote Sensing
Types
Terrestrial RS
Optical 300nm – 3000nm
Thermal >3000nm-14,000nm
Microwave 1mm-1m
Celestial RS
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VISION
HUMAN’s EYERods (to see objects at night) = 7 millionCones (to see colors) = 100 million CAT’s EYE
Rods (to see objects at night) =~ 21 millionCones (to see colors) =~ far less
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The basic principle of remote sensing is based upon the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with atmosphere and the earth. Electromagnetic radiation reflected or emitted from an object is the usual source of remote sensing data.
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Wavelength
Frequency (how many times peak passes per second)
Light - can be thought of as a wave in the 'electromagnetic field' of the universe
A wave can be characterized by its wavelength or its frequency
Remote sensing is concerned with the measurement of EMR returned by the earth’s natural and cultural features that first receive energy from the sun or an artificial source such as a radar transmitter.
Blue green yellow red
1020 Hz 1018 Hz 1016 Hz 1014 Hz 1012 Hz 1010 Hz
1 pm 10pm 10 nm 1 micron 100 microns 1 mm 100 mm
vi-si-ble
Gamma Rays
X-Rays UV N. IR
Th.IR
Microwaves
Radar
TV FMRadiowaves
0.4 m 0.5 m 0.6 m 0.7 m
MidIR
Far IR Visible light contains
light from 0.4 to 0.7 micrometers
Infrared light from 0.1 micrometers to 1
millimeter
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NEXT SUB-TOPI
C
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Resolutions
Resolutions
SPATIAL
Smallest identifiable area
as a discrete object in an
image
SPECTRAL
No. of frequencies recorded =
sensors
TEMPORAL
Time interval between
measurements
RADIOMETRIC
Intensities identified by
sensors
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Image is the Pictorial Presentation of Raster. Pixels are called as Picture elements. Size of Pixel gives the Resolution of the image. Smaller the Pixel size Larger will the Resolution. Every Raster is not image but every image is a Raster.
SPATIAL RESOLUTION
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* Vegetation in Yellowish green, * Vegetation in Red.* Water in Gray, * Water in Black.
SPECTRAL RESOLUTION
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Spectral Resolution
MSS Multi-spectral Bands: 3-14
Hyper-spectral Bands: 24-224
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Temporal Resolution (Example: for satellite in Red and Black colors)
Time
July 1 July 12 July 23 August 3
11 days
16 days
July 2 July 18 August 3
TEMPORAL RESOLUTION
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1023
6-bit range0 63
8-bit range
0 255
0
10-bit range
2-bit range0 4
RADIOMETRIC RESOLUTION
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Resolution of Satellite Systems
SPATIAL RESOLUTIONS
NOAA-AVHRR (1100 m)
GOES (700 m)
MODIS (250, 500, 1000 m)
Landsat TM and ETM (30 – 60 m)
SPOT (10 – 20 m)
IKONOS (4, 1 m)
Quick-bird (0.6 m)
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*LAC: Local Area Coverage*GAC: Global Area Coverage
Serial
No.Satellites Altitud
e (km) Bands (µm) Multi-spectral (m)
Panchromatic (m)
Thermal (m) Purpose
01. Landsat-7 705 0.5-0.9, 2.03-2.3 30 15 60 Scientific, RS
02. Sea WiFS 705 0.40-0.88 1 (LAC), 4 (GAC)* - - Bio-Oceanic
03. SPOT-5 822 0.5-0.73 10 2.5-5 - Scientific/commercial
04. IKONOS 681 0.45-0.9 04 01 - Urban & Rural Mapping etc.
05. Orb-view 480 0.45-0.9 2.4 0.6 - Commercial, Civil Eng., etc.
06. Quick bird 480 0.45 -0.9 2.4 0.6 Climate change, Commercial, etc.
07. Worldivew-2 770 0.45-0.80 1.84 0.5 - Commercial as Google maps, etc.
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October 23, 2005 Dust storm in Chad at 250 m resolution, MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro radiometer) NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer, 705 km, sun-synchronous orbit, 1-2 day for all of earth, 250 m, 500 m, 1000 m resolution. NASA
MODIS (250 m)
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30 m resolution and 60 m resolution (thermal), 705 km orbit, 7 bands including thermal infrared, Manhattan, KS. Image, 2000 (USGS-EROS)
LANDSAT (30 m)
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IKONOS (04 m)MSS
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SPOT (2.5 m)
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IKONOS (01 m) (Panchromatic)
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Quick Bird (0.6 m)
Wednesday, April 12, 2023PIAIP_NESPAK 29Imagery and their price ranges
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Imagery free of cost
1. http://glcf.umd.edu/
2. http://glovis.usgs.gov/
3. http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod/
4. http://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/
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THE END
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REFERENCES
1. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) to Manage Civil Engineering Projects By Asmaa Abdul Jabbar
2. Longley et al (2005) Geographic Information Systems and Science. 2nd Edition. John Wiley and Sons Ltd. (Chapter 14, pages 317-319)
3. www.esri.com/engineering4. http://webhelp.esri.com/arcpad/8.0/userguide/index.htm#capture_devices/
concept_intro.htm
Special AcknowledgementIndustrial partners: ESRI, Danish Hydraulic Institute, Camp, Dresser and McKee, Dodson and AssociatesGovernment partners:
Federal: EPA, USGS, Corps of Engineers (Hydrologic Engineering Center)State: Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission, Texas Water Development
BoardLocal: Lower Colorado River Authority, City of Austin, Dept. of Watershed Protection
Academic Partners: University of Texas, Brigham Young University, Utah State University
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Any Quires