introduction to hydrogeology - santa susana field laboratory · 2011-01-25 · introduction to...
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Introduction to HydrogeologyJanuary 26, 2011
Thomas Seckington, P.G., C.HG.Senior Engineering Geologist
California Environmental Protection AgencyDepartment of Toxic Substances Control
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GROUNDWATER
• Groundwater is one of the nation’s most valuable resources
• 14 percent of all freshwater is groundwater
• If only water is considered (omitting ice in glaciers), 94 percent of all freshwater is groundwater
• Groundwater exists nearly everywhere
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• Most rock near the Earth’s surface are composed of both solids and voids
• Consolidated rocks consist of soil, sand, and/or mineral particles welded by heat and pressure or cemented by chemical reactions
• Unconsolidated deposits consist of loose soil, sand, and/or minerals
ROCKS AND WATER3
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• Voids formed at the same time as the rock are referred to as primaryExample: pores in sand and gravel
• Voids formed after the rock was formed are referred to as secondaryExample: fractures and caverns
• Sandstones have both primary and secondary openings
Secondary
Primary
THE VOIDS4
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• Ratio of voids to the total volume of the rock is its porosity
POROSITY AND WATER5
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WATER UNDERGROUND
• Water occurs in two different zones: unsaturated and saturated• Unsaturated zone: openings have both air and water• Saturated zone: all interconnected openings full of water
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AQUIFERS AND CONFINING BEDS
• An aquifer is a rock unit that will produce water • A confining bed is a rock unit that restricts the movement of
groundwater
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FAULTS
• Fault zones can act either as barriers OR conduits to groundwater flow
• Depends on the nature of the fault zone materials; grounded to a powder ORbroken up and fractured
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GROUNDWATER SYSTEMS9
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GROUNDWATER VELOCITY
• Groundwater velocities are generally slow; feet to thousands of feet per year
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GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
PLEASE NOTE: The areas with wells containing detected concentrations and/or concentration over a regulatory threshold are shaded with a corresponding color for better visual presentation. The shaded areas should not be considered interpretations on the distribution and extent of these contaminants in the groundwater
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UPCOMING MEETINGS• General Hydrogeology
Dr. Richard Laton, CSUFMarch 8, 2011
• Contaminant Fate and TransportDr. Matt Becker, CSULBMarch 15, 2011
• Groundwater CleanupDr. Allen Shapiro, USGSApril 5, 2011
• SSFL Groundwater Flow, Contaminant Sources, Fate of ContaminantsDr. John Cherry, Dr. Beth Parker, and Dr. Dave McWhorterApril 28, 2011; May 5, 2011; and May 19, 2011
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Discussion/Questions13