introduction to geologic co2 storage and the illinois basin

7/31/2019 Introduction to Geologic CO2 Storage and the Illinois Basin

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Robert J. FinleyMidwest Geological Sequestration Consortium

Illinois State Geological Survey

University of Illinois, USA

RECS-2012

Birmingham, Alabama

6 June 2012

A 1-Million Tonne Demonstration of Carbon

Sequestration from a Biofuel Source:

The Illinois Basin - Decatur Project (IBDP)

Introduction to Geologic Storage


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The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium is funded by the U.S. Department ofEnergy through the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) via the Regional CarbonSequestration Partnership Program (contract number DE-FC26-05NT42588) and by a cost

share agreement with the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity,Office of Coal Development through the Illinois Clean Coal Institute.

The Midwest Geological Sequestration Consortium (MGSC) is a collaboration led by thegeological surveys of Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky

Landmark Graphics software via University Donation Program and cost share plus Petrelsoftware via Schlumberger Carbon Services


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Capture CO2 at asource

Compress it and putit in a pipeline

Put it into a sink,or subsurface

storage site

Source

Sink

Pipeline


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Reservoir

Seal

Shale Seal


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So what is successfulstorage?No CO2 leaks to endanger man or the environment around the storage site, no migration of CO 2

where not expected, and no leaks of other subsurface fluids

Storage requires capacity, injectivity, and containmentwhich are based on characteristics ofthe geologic framework into which the CO2 is injected for storage


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Sand grain

Pore space

CO2 Storage in Sandstone Reservoir Pore Space

Pin head

The porosity of a reservoir providesthe storage space while the

permeability allows fluid flow to beinjected into the reservoirpores.

Capacity and Injectivity


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Containing CO2 in the reservoir is a function of a seal or caprock above thereservoir that has low permeability (and typically low porosity, as well) such as ashale, low-permeability siltstone or limestone, or a bedded salt

Fractures in a rock mayprovide CO2 migration pathways, as mayfaults, surfacesacross which rocks are offset, or broken

The orientation of faults and/orfractures can often be predicted

from the geologic history of a region

Normal fault


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Pin headNo pore space visible


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The act of characterizingTo describe the qualities or peculiarities of--- Websters Dictionary

The CO2 can be captured from the sourceThe CO2 can be delivered to the siteSite geology is suitable to meet criteria of capacity, injectivity, and containmentPublic engagement and acceptance can be gained to enable the projectPermit requirements can be successfully met


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Staff with diverse expertise necessaryOrganizational focus to define key components:Requires a reservoir-seal system

Requires a site to access the systemMust meet a regulatory frameworkMust identify the source of CO2 (volume, quality)

Integrated teams must be developed


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GeologyReservoir engineeringHydrologyGeochemistryGeophysicsPermittingCommunications and outreachPetrophysicsRisk assessment

Drilling and well completionChemical engineeringMechanical engineeringSurveying and photogrammetryGeographic Information Systems

(GIS)

Project management, operations, andbusiness


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A collaboration of the Midwest GeologicalSequestration Consortium, the ArcherDaniels Midland Company (ADM),Schlumberger Carbon Services, and othersubcontractors to inject 1 million metrictons of anthropogenic carbon dioxide at adepth of 7,000 +/- ft (2,000 +/- m) totest geological carbon sequestration in asaline reservoirat a site in Decatur,Illinois


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IBDP fully operational 24/7IBDP is the first 1 million tonne

carbon capture and storage project

from a biofuel facility in the US

Injection through fall 2014Intensive post-injection monitoring

under MGSC through fall 2017

Cumulative Injection (6/1/12):169,148 tonnes


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IBDP is the first demonstration-scale (1 million tonne) US project to use carbon dioxide (CO 2)from an industrial source within the DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP)program

IBDP is a fully integrated demonstration, from a compression- dehydration facility and a shortpipeline to delivery of supercritical CO2 to a three-well injection and observation system on anintensely monitored site

IBDP is the product of four years of effort, from date of funding to CO2 in the reservoir,including site characterization, permitting, 5,424 m (17,900 ft) of drilling, reservoir geology,engineering, and geophysics, risk assessment, outreach, and baseline monitoring


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Mt. Simon Sandstone

Eau Claire Shale

Illinois Basin

Stratigraphic

Column

Maquoketa Shale

New Albany Shale

Mississippian sandstone and carbonate oil reservoirs

St. Peter Sandstone

Pennsylvanian coal seams

reservoir

seal

back-up seals


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Nemec, 1992

Project Description: Geology

Brahmaputra River System


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MGSC Injection and geophone wells

MGSC monitoring well

0.5 mile

photo by Illinois Dept. of Transportation, 8 November 2010


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A

B

C

D

n A Dehydration/compression facilitylocation

n B Pipeline route (1.9 km)n C Injection well siten D Verification/ monitoring

well site

n E Geophone well

800 m

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

E

800 m


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Soil flux

Groundwater

Eddy Covariance


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Verification well rig on site

Injection well

Twenty-one artificial reflectors

installed in updip plume direction


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Top of

CO2

InjectionPerforations

RST*Log

7,000

6,900

6,800

7,100

Logged March 1, 2012 with ~75,000 tonnes

metric tons injected from Schlumberger Carbon Services

*Reservoir Saturation Tool


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Injection Well

Geophone in special carrier

strapped to 3.5 inch (8.9 cm)

tubing

3,500 ft (1,060m) well with 31

geophonescemented intouncased holeon tubing string


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23

Baseline 2 Image Monitor 1 Image Difference Image

Shown above in the left two panels is a west-east image section Rightmost panel is the difference of the two The input to migration is the processed and cross-equalized, notch

filtered upgoing data

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

Offset (ft)-1000 -500 500 10000

Depth(

ft)

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

-1000 -500 500 10000 -1000 -500 500 10000

from Schlumberger Carbon Services


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24

VSP well

Injection well

Verification well

NRMS computed between5000-5500 ft (1524-1677 m) depth

NRMS computed between6950-7100 ft (2119-2165 m) depth

-200

0

200

400

600

800

0-400 400-800 800

-200

0

200

400

600

800

0-400 400-800 800

NRMS0

14

27

41

55

69

82

96

110

0

14

27

41

55

69

82

96

110

NRMS

Preliminary Analysis



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P port

samplingport

Nine Sampling Levels In theMount Simon Sandstone

Two Sampling LevelsAbove the Eau Claire Shale

Two Fluid Sample SetsCollected Preinjection

*Mark of Schlumberger

November 2010


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June-August 2011


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Constituent Shallow

Groundwater

Ironton-

Galesville

Mt. Simon

(injection

formation)

Conductivity (mS/cm) 1.5 80 170

TDS (mg/L) 1,000 65,600 190,000

Cl- (mg/L) 170 36,900 120,000

Br- (mg/L) 1 180 680

Alkalinity (mg/L) 380 130 80

Na+ (mg/L) 140 17,200 50,000

Ca2+ (mg/L) 100 5,200 19,000

K+ (mg/L) 1 520 1,700

Mg2+ (mg/L) 50 950 1,800

pH (units) 7.2 6.9 5.9

Shallow groundwater(16 well average)

Ironton-Galesville(2 zone average; swabonly)

Mt. Simon(9 zone average)


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CO2 in Annulus

Westbay Zones

CO2 in Reservoir

Non-CO2 FluidMovement


3

2

Westbay Zones 2 and 3equivalent to lower and upperperforations, respectively


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1.21 MPa (175 psi) increase

at level of perforations

100 m above perforations


0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

2900

2950

3000

3050

3100

3150

3200

3250

3300

3350

3400

MetricTonnes

Pressure,psi

IllinoisBasinDecaturProject

PressuredataasobservedinVerificationWell#1(VW1)

VW1is1000ftfromInjectionWellCCS#1

Perf_Z2_Pressure

Perf_Z3_Pressure

Perf_Z4_Pressure

Perf_Z5_Pressure

Perf_Z6_Pressure

CumulativeInjection(tons)

Plottedpressure dataisbasedonaveragesforeachday.

1.21 MPa (175 psi) increaseat level of perforations


100 m above perforationsfrom Schlumberger CarbonServices multilevelgroundwatercharacterization andmonitoring system


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Injection Well

Verification

Well


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Precambrian High

Valley eroded into Precambrian


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InjectionWell

VerificationWell

Mount Simon SandstoneDeposition on Pre-existingTopography(4.3 m [14 ft] depth steps)


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35

Two of the 4-Component geophonesare within the Mt. Simon, the third ispositioned above the caprock

(Eau Claire Shale).

Ground Level

24 levels of the 3-Component geophonesare collecting microseismic data.Active Levels are 8 to 31.

Inactive, are levels 1 to 7, not shown.

TD= 7236 feet MDGranite Wash

(Base of the Mt. Simon)

Top of the Mt. SimonSandstone

St. PeterSandstone

GeophysicalWell #1

With OYO 3Cgeophones

VerificationWell #1

ADM CCS #1 (Injectionwell)

With PS3 OYO 4C

geophones

Perforation Zone Within the Mt.Simon

2

3

1

3130

29

8

~ 675 ft msl

From Schlumberger Carbon Services


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1Schlumberger PS3 System


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Min -3.85

Max -1.73Diff 2.12

Avg. -3.213465784

STD 0.348842139

ft

from Schlumberger Carbon

Services

23

1


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Injection Well with Sensorsfrom Schlumberger Carbon Services

Preliminary Analysis

1

3 2


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courtesy Schlumberger Carbon Services


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Reservoir Model: Eclipse 2011.2 20 20 mile coverage ~ 3M Cells, 143 143 148 Cell Horizontal Dimensions are from

5 ft and 50 ft at wells to 1500 ft atthe model boundaries

Cell Vertical Dimensions from 3 ft to30 ft

Infinite acting boundary conditions

Reservoir Model Static Modelfrom Schlumberger Carbon Services


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March 2012



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2013



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2014



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IBDP

IBDP

IL-ICCS

IL-ICCS

Injection

Verification


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(IL ICCS) Project will Prove CCS at Scale Commercial scale operations of one million metric tons

per year will be achieved

Will build on the leading-edge technology of the IllinoisBasin - Decatur Project by expanding injected volumes

Will add an education and training component throughRichland Community College, National SequestrationEducation Center

IBDP and IL ICCS will be a first in the world to assess twoinjected carbon dioxide plumes in the same reservoirthat resemble volumes derived from a commercial coal-

fired power plant

20192017

IBDP

IL-ICCS


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MIDWEST CARBON

SEQUESTRATION

2012

SCIENCECONFERENCEThe Midwest Geological SequestrationConsortium (MGSC), one of the USDepartment of Energy RegionalCarbon SequestrationPartnerships, the SequestrationTraining and EducationProgram (STEP), andSchlumberger CarbonServices are hosting aknowledge sharingevent at the IllinoisBasin-DecaturProject (IBDP).

This 2day event features:

A full day of presentations on the IBDP1-million tonne saline reservoir injectiondemonstration, including geology,geophysics, environmentalmonitoring, outreach/education, andcompression/infrastructure. A visit to the

Project site at the Archer Daniels MidlandCompany in Decatur, Illinois will be offered.

A STEP developed educational opportunitywill be available to all attending.

Networking opportunities including anopening mixer, conference reception anddinner, and meeting lunches.

September 17 19 2012Champaign, IL USA

SAVE THE DATE!


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Midwest GeologicalSequestration Consortium

[email protected]

Photo credits: Daniel Byers

introduction to geologic co2 storage and the illinois basin

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