Introduction to Energy Auditing

Major Topics in Introduction to Energy Auditing Course

• Introduction to energy auditing • Residential energy auditing • Calculators and spreadsheets• Domestic utility use and instruments • Commercial energy audits• Energy walk through• Utility data analysis • End use breakdown and by facility type • Common commercial energy efficiency measures • Commercial data collection and instruments • Compiling an energy efficiency audit report and writing the utility analysis section• Writing the energy conservation measures summaries, and overview of state and

national energy audit standards for commercial and industrial buildings • Writing the Executive Summary of the audit report and compiling all components• Handing in final EA report and making an EA presentation •

Introduction to the Class

• What is an audit?• Review syllabus• Introduce students • Why is energy auditing such an important

occupation?

Open Discussion

• What do your utility bills look like?• What are the measures on the bill?• What do these measure mean?• How can we reduce the usage and costs?• Most of the utility measures are are the same in a

building but, systems and equipment are different.• What is Hawaii’s residential energy pricing

structure?

Hawaii Power – mostly fossil fuel 85.0% petroleum, down from 99.7% in 1960• 7.1% coal• 0.1% natural gas• 7.8% renewable energy• In 2008, sources of renewable power were:• 4.0% biomass, down from 8.7 in 1989 • 1.7% geothermal • 0.3% hydropower • 0.9% solar power • 0.8% wind• Renewable sources provided 10.5% of total electric power in 2010.[2] Hawaii

ranked third among U.S. states in geothermal energy and seventh in distributed solar power.

• Hawaii Gas would bring liquefied natural gas in container-sized loads in 2015 and by ship-loads by 2019. This gas would be used for Hawaii Gas's synthetic natural gas operation and could also be used for electrical generation better than coal or petrolium but still a fossil fuel.

Energy Costs in Hawaii

• Hawaii has by far the most expensive electricity prices in the United States. The average cost of electricity in the first nine months of 2012 was $0.34 per kilowatt-hour, more than double the cost in the next-highest state (New York: $0.16) and more than triple the US average of $0.10 per kilowatt-hour.[1]

Topics to be covered this session

Energy use statistics & standardsHome energy saving opportunitiesHome Energy AuditingSaving energy by conservation,

efficiency, Renewable generation

Energy BasicsEnergy is the ability to do work

There are different forms of energy:• Heat (thermal) • Light (radiant) • Motion (kinetic) • Electrical • Chemical • Nuclear energy • Gravitational

Review of Energy Units

• BTU stands for British Thermal Unit, which is a unit of energy consumed by or delivered to a building. A BTU is defined as the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water by 1 degree Fahrenheit, at normal atmospheric pressure.

• 1 wooden match = 1 BTU

Energy conversions

• 1 kilowatt-hour(KWH)= 3412 BTU• 1 therm of natural gas=100000 BTU• 1 gallon of propane= 91300 BTU• 1 cu. ft of natural gas= 1027 BTU• 1 gallon of #2 fuel oil= 138700 BTU

Power

• Power is the time rate at which work is done or energy is transferred.

• Units of power:• 1 horsepower= 760 watts• 1 kilowatt= 1000 watts• 1 watt = 1 joule/second• 1 watt= 3.412 btu/hr

Power examples

• A 100000 BTU/hr propane furnace consumes a little more than 1 gallon of propane/hr.

• A 100000 BTU/hr natural gas furnace consumes about 100 cubic ft of natural gas/hr.

Week 4 through 16 previewWhile there are many levels of energy auditing here is an example of the key steps in a

commercial energy audit:•

Conduct a condition survey – Assess the general level of repair, housekeeping and operational practices that have a bearing on energy efficiency and flag situations that warrant further assessment as the audit progresses.Establish the audit mandate – Obtain commitment from management and define the expectations and outcomes of the audit.Establish the audit scope – Define the energy-consuming system to be audited.Analyze energy consumption and costs – Collect, organize, summarize and analyze historical energy billings and the tariffs that apply to them.Compare energy performance – Determine energy use to another, from one facility to a similar one within your organization, from one system to a similar one, or externally to best practices available within your industry.Analyze Energy Consumption and Costs - Collect, organize, summarize and analyze historical energy billings and the tariffs that apply to them.

Profile energy use patterns – Determine the time relationships of energy use, such as the electricity demand profile. Inventory energy use – Prepare a list of all energy-Inventory consuming loads in the audit area and measure theirconsumption and demand characteristics.Identify Energy Management Opportunities (EMOs) – Include operational and technological measures to reduce energy waste.Assess the benefits – Measure potential energy and cost savings, along with any co-benefits.Report for action – Report the audit findings and communicate them as needed for successful implementation.

Next session we will dig deeper into a residential energy audit.Questions?