introduction to chemistry h - hortonville, wi...organic chemistry 4.i can distinguish organic and...
TRANSCRIPT
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
1Jul 1710:51 AM
Introduction to Chemistry HO
H
H
O
OHO
O
HO
H
H H
H
H
C C
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
2Aug 283:02 PM
Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry, Organic
Unit 1: Introduction to Chemistry, Organic Introduction
1. I can define chemistry.2. I can define matter.3. I can distinguish different types of matter: substances and mixtures.4. I can distinguish different types of matter: elements and compounds.
Physical and Chemical Changes1. I can distinguish physical and chemical processes.2. I can identify 4 indications of chemical change. 3. I can identify physical changes, including phase change(heating curve diagram).
Organic Chemistry
4. I can distinguish organic and inorganic chemicals.5. I can name hydrocarbon structures (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, branched hydrocarbons, alcohols) from models of structural formulas, carbon backbone structure, or stick structures.6. I can model/draw hydrocarbon structures from the name and determine the molecular formula.7. I can distinguish chemical symbols, formulas and equations.8. I can explain the parts of a chemical reaction (reactants and products).9. I can determine the number of atoms in a unit formula and in a reaction.10. I can define a complete combustion reaction and predict the products.11. I can balance a combustion reaction.
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
3Sep 73:03 PM
Objectives
4. I can distinguish organic and inorganic chemicals.5. I can name hydrocarbon structures (alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, branched hydrocarbons, alcohols) from models of structural formulas, carbon backbone structure, or stick structures.6. I can model/draw hydrocarbon structures from the name and determine the molecular formula.
Organic Chemistry
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
4Jul 1710:55 AM
Organic Chemistry vs. Inorganic Chemistry
study of most C containing compounds
study of all substances not classified as organic compounds without C
Organic Chemistry (organic = C compounds)
Exception: Not
carbonates or
carbon oxides
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
5Jul 1710:55 AM
1. Natural (from living things)ORGANIC Compounds
2. Synthetic (manmade)
• proteins • lipids • nucleic acids (DNA) • carbohydrates• fossil fuels (petroleum, natural gas)
• plastics• styrofoam • nylon• rayon• polyester
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
6Jul 1710:55 AM
C C bondsand
C H bonds are stable.
contain:Hydrocarbons
Number of Bonds for C: ___ for H: ___
C C bonds create: • straight chains• branched chains • cyclic or ring structures
Bond type:______________
electrons are shared
_____ and _____
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
7Jul 1710:55 AM
1 C Monkeys 2 C Eat3 C Peeled4 C Bananas
Naming:
2. Number of C given by a prefix1 meth methane 2 eth ethane3 prop _______
4 but butane5 pent pentane 6 hex _______ 7 hept _______8 oct _______9 non nonane10 dec _______
1. If all single bonds, ends in "ane"
f
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
8Jul 1710:55 AM
Molecular and Structural formulas
Name molecular formulastructuralformula
carbon backbonestructure(no H
drawn in)
stick structure
methane CH4
ethane C2H6 CC
pentane C5H12 CCCCC
octane C8H18 CCCCCCCC
carbons have 4 bonds
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
9Jul 1710:55 AM
general formula: CNH2N 2
nonane
general formula: CNH2N + 2
What names are given to these?
Alkanes, Alkenes and AlkynesAlkane all single bonds
Alkene at least 1 double bond
Alkyne at least 1 triple bond
propane
propene
propyne
C3H8
general formula: CNH2N
C3H4
C3H6
4C alkyne
5C alkene
1C, alkene
2C, alkyne
9C alkane
7C, alkane
• use number in front of name to give location of bond
• number from both ends and choose lowest number
Location of double and triple bonds
1pentene
2pentene
2pentyne?
Name these:
heptane
pentene
methene
butyne
ethyne
2pentene
1butene
2octyne
C7H16
formula?
butyne
C9H20
C5H10
C4H6
C2H2
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
10Sep 97:38 AM
Carbon: covalent bondselectrons are shared
single bond = 1 line = 2 e
double bond = 2 lines = 4 e
triple bond = 3 lines = 6 e
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
11Sep 107:38 AM
Draw structural formula of ethyne
Draw stick structural formula of nonane
name these:
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
12Sep 107:38 AM
Draw structural formula of ethyne
Draw stick structural formula of nonane
name these:
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
13Jul 1710:55 AM
Molecular and Structural formulas
Name molecular formulastructuralformula
carbon backbonestructure(no H)
stick structure
2butyne
CCCCC
carbons have 4 bonds
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
14Jul 1710:55 AM
Molecular and Structural formulas
Name molecular formulastructuralformula
carbon backbonestructure(no H)
stick structure
2butyne
CCCCC
carbons have 4 bonds
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
15Jul 1710:55 AM
Straight chains are easy
now let's add branches!
1. Find longest chain of C's and give alkane name
2. Find branch group and give name
3. List the groups alphabetically in front of the longest alkane
4. Number the C's of the longest chain
1C methyl2C ethyl3C propyl
2methyl hexane
5. use C number for location of each branch
(use lowest numbers)
6. If you have more than one of the same type of branch, use di for 2 _,_ dimethyl tri for 3 _,_,_ trimethyl
4ethyl 3,4 dimethyl nonane
3methyl octane
4ethyl heptane
location number of each branch
Use one numbering system
2,4dimethyl heptane
2,2,3 trimethyl pentane
CCCCCCCCCCC
CC
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
16Jul 1811:59 AM
an alcohol is a hydrocarbon with an OH (hydroxyl group)
Naming and structures of alcohols
1. Name the alkane, drop the "e" and add ol2. Use a number in front of the name to give location of hydroxyl group (number from both ends, use smallest number)
Give structural formula for
methanol
3octanol
4decanol
Name these:
1butanol
2butanol
C C C C C C C C C C
(OH)
COH
OH
C C C C C C C C OH
H
HH
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
17Sep 157:35 PM
ReviewDraw the carbon backbone and stick structures of:
1) 3nonyne 2) 3ethyl 2,3dimethyl nonane
Name the following structures:
3) 4)
5)6)
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
18Sep 157:35 PM
ReviewDraw the carbon backbone and stick structures of:
1) 3nonyne 2) 3ethyl 2,3dimethyl nonane
Name the following structures:
3) 4)
5)6)
2,4 dimethyl hexane
4ethyl 3,5 dimethyl octane2,3 dimethyl octane
C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C
C C
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
19Sep 117:24 AM
1. Write the ending for a molecule with all single bonds:at least 1 double bond:at least 1 triple bond:
2. Write the 10 organic prefixes (in order)
4. Draw structural formula for 2,3 diethyl 4methyl octane
3. Draw structural formula for propene
Review
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Gen Chem Organic 15.notebook
20Sep 1110:45 AM
2) 4ethyl 2,3dimethyl heptane
Draw structural formulas:
3) ethene
1) methane
5) Why does hexene need a location number, but ethene does not?
4) 2hexene
Name these:general chemistry
6)
7)
8)
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