Introducing Microcontrollers System Design

Eng. Ahmed S. AfifiEng. Ahmed S. Afifi

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• Mini-ComputerCPU (Brain)

1. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)2. Control Unit3. Register

Program/ Data Memory Peripherals (Input/Output) Buses (data, address and control)

What is a Microcontroller?

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Computer Essentials

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Von Neumann and Harvard Computers

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Microcontrollers

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- Microprocessors

Microprocessors vs. Microcontrollers

General Purpose

Microprocessor

RAM ROM TimerSerialCOMPort

IO Port

Data BUS

Address BUS

Control BUS

CPU RAM ROM

I/OTimerSerialPort

- Microcontrollers

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Embedded SystemGeneral Block Diagram

Microcontroller(uC)

sensor

sensor

sensor

Sensor conditioning

Output interfaces

actuator

indicator

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Types of microcontrollers

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Microcontroller Packaging and Appearance

From left to right: PIC 12F508, PIC 16F84A, PIC 16C72, Motorola 68HC05B16, PIC 16F877, Motorola 68000

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What are PIC’s?What are PIC’s? Programmable Intelligent Computer Developed by Microchip Technology in 1975 Microcontrollers NOT Microprocessors Microprocessor system with number of

components (EEPROM, RAM, I/O Support)

http://o.mneina.googlepages.com/what_is_microcontroller.htm

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ApplicationsApplications Automotive systems Airplanes Toys Medical Devices Furniture

Why Important?

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Why Important?

Microchip – Human Interface Lab(http://www.microchip.com/stellent/)

Appliances Human interface:

• Touch Screen Display, Button Control, Audio handling

Home systems:• Heating & Cooling, Security

Cell phones

GSM Phone hacked(http://hackedgadgets.com)

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Examples: Refrigerator

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Examples: Car Door

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Examples: Robot Autonomous Guided Vehicle

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PIC Family Stack Size Instruction Word Size

No of Instructions

Interrupt Vectors

12CX/12FX 2 12- or 14-bit 33 None

16C5X/16F5X 2 12-bit 33 None

16CX/16FX 8 14-bit 35 1

17CX 16 16-bit 58 4

18CX/18FX 32 16-bit 75 2

PIC Families

‘C’ implies CMOS technology; Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor

‘F’ insert indicates incorporation of Flash memory technology

Example: 16C84 was the first of its kind. It was later reissued as the 16F84, incorporating Flash memory technology. It was then reissued as 16F84A.

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PIC Families Divided into families

8-bit: 8F, 16F, 18F 16-bit: 24F, ds33F 32-bit: 32F

Minor differences Power Consumption Speed Package size Memory Capacity

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PIC Families

8-bit: Max Speed 20 MIPS (mill. instr / sec) Generally 4 cycle processor Memory Range <1kB to 128kB instruction up to 32 kB data

16-bit: Max speed 40 MIPS 2 Cycle Processor Memory Range <1kB to 256kB instruction up to 32kB data

32-bit: Max speed 80 MIPS 5 stage pipeline, out of order Memory Range 32kB to 512kB instruction up to 32kB data

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vhttp://www.microchip.com/stellent/images/mchpsiteimages/en537986.jpg

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PIC16Fxxx

• Microcontroller PIC 16F84A– Architecture, Instructions, Applications

• Microcontroller PIC 16F877– Architecture, Applications with, Keypad, LCD, Stepper motors, Analog to

digital conversions, Timers, PWM, Serial communications, graphical LCD

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Programming Languages

ASM• Low level• Full Control

C, BASIC, Forth, LOGO….• Easy to use• Slow

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1. Proteus.2. MPLAB, MPASM3. MicroC.4. QL-2006 programmerPic

simulator.

Software Requirements

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Hardware Requirements1. Pc.2. QL-2006 Programmer..3. Other components as:

pic16F84A..pic16f877a..breadboard.. resistors….capacitors…LCD… sensor…Oscillator ..power supply

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Oscillator

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• PIC can be bread-boarded, with the following important connections:– Power– Ground– Reset signal– Crystal (oscillator)

Necessary Connections

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PIC16F84A

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The PIC16F84A belongs to the mid-range family.

18-pin Enhanced FLASH/EEPROM 8-Bit Microcontroller.

Harvard architecture.

Only 35 single word instructions to learn.

Operating speed 20 MHz clock input /200 ns instruction cycle.

25 mA sink/source max. Per pin.

10,000 erase/write cycles Enhanced FLASH Program memory typical.

10,000,000 typical erase/write cycles EEPROM Data memory typical.

15 Special Function Hardware registers. Direct, indirect and relative addressing modes Four interrupt sources:

1- External RB0/INT pin2- TMR0 timer overflow 3- PORTB<7:4> interrupt-on-change4- Data EEPROM write complete

The program memory contains 1K words. 14-bit wide instruction words. 8-bit wide data bytes. The data memory (RAM) contains 68 bytes Data EEPROM is 64 bytes.

PIC16F84A

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A84F16PIC

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Program Memory

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Data Memory

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(Buffer)First Application

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(Buffer)First Application

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ان شاء هللا لما نخلص الكورس DI\O تخرج قیم على المیكرو) دیجیتال او انالوج (ھتعرف تقرا قیم بالمیكرو

تعرف تربط المیكروكنترولر بالكمبیوتر وتبادل البیانات ما بینھمLCD تعرف تربط المیكروكنترول بالنعرف نتعامل مع االشارات االنالوج

Dc motorتعرف تتحكم بال

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THANK YOU

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