international research programs on ccs in iceland & india
TRANSCRIPT
Jürg M. Matter
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, The Earth Institute at Columbia University
October 29, 2008
International Research Programs on
CCS in Iceland & India
-> in-situ mineral carbonation
+ CO2(aq) =
Calcium -
Magnesium
Silicate
Rock
+Dissolved
CO2
= (Ca, Mg,
Fe)
Carbonate
Basalt contains about 10 wt% CaO, 5-6 wt% MgO, and 7-
10 wt% FeO
Mineral name Tons required to sequester 1 ton of
carbon
Forsterite (Mg2SiO4) 5.68b
Serpentine (Mg3Si2O5(OH)4) 7.69b
Ca-Plagioclase (CaAl2Si2O8) 23.11a
Wollastonite (CaSiO3) 9.68a
Basaltic glass
(Na0.98K0.008Fe(II)0.17Mg0.28Ca0.26Al0.
36Fe(III)0.02SiTi0.02O3.45
8.76c
Mineral Source
acalcite; bmagnesite; ccalcite&magnesite&siderite (Oelkers et al. 2008)
Mineral name Mass produced per
ton of carbon (ton)
Volume produced per
ton of carbon (m3)
Calcite 8.34 3.08
Magnesite 7.02 2.36
Dawsonite 12.00 4.95
Siderite 9.65 2.49
Ankerite 8.60 2.81
Mineral Products
(Oelkers et al. 2008)
The gas mixture: 0.5 % of the steam is geothermal gas
Gas mass%
CO2 83
H2S 16
CH4
N2 ~1
H2
~ 13 l/s of water to dissolve 1 kg/s CO2 at 25°C and 40 bar
~ 10 kg basalt to react with 1 kg/s CO2
Geothermal Gases
Total gas discharge Max dissolved gas liter of H20
g gas/sec g gas/kg H2O per sec
Geothermal gas 1000 5.05 198
Geothermal gas without H2990
a29.6 33.4
Pure CO2721
b59.8 12.1
from the gas phase
a Total gas discharge after H2 has been removed from the gas phase
b Total gas discharge after all gases except CO2 have been removed
The total water mass needed to dissolve all the gas for variable gas mixtures at 25 C and 40 bar assumingtotal gas discharge to be 1 kg gas/sec (Stefánsson and Fridriksson 2007)
2 monitoring wells1500 m downstream
2 monitoring wells2700 m downstream
Injection well
1 monitoring well 60 m downstream
Water
1 monitoring well 200 m downstream
Monitoring
Injection well:
CO2 fully dissolved in fresh
water, pH 3-4
Low pH: 3-4
Dissolution of basalt
release of Ca2+ and other ionsPrecipitation of carbonates
pH increases
• Reservoir may gradually clog up with calcite scaling
• Natural process in high-temperature systems
Conceptual Carbonation Model
Aims
• Analyze suitable capture technologies (retrofitting)
and potential CO2 storage options for APGENCO’s
pilot IGCC power plant
• Site (reservoir) characterization at the power plant
location
• Analyze storage potential off-shore in the Bengal
Fan
APGENCO’s IGCC Power Plant
• 125 MW Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC)
power plant in Vijayawada
• Fluidized bed reactor from Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd.
(BHEL), turbine technology from GE
• 1 boiler, two turbines (syngas, steam)
• 68 MW from syngas, 57 MW from steam
• Washed coal (3800-4400 GCV)
• 38% efficiency (projected)
• 850-900 tons of coal / day
• CO2 capture is not include
• Basin area
- 28,000 km2 onshore
- 145,000 km2 offshore
• Existing seismic data from ONGC:
- 2D 34,481 lkm onshore; 48,301 lkm offshore
- 3D 3051 km2 onshore; 9808 km2 offshore
• Exploration wells:
- 375 onshore
- 182 offshore
Krishna-Godavari Basin
• U.S. Department of Energy, Asia-Pacific
Partnership
• Office of the Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh
• Andhra Pradesh Power Generation Corporation
Limited (APGENCO)
• National Geophysical Research Institute,
Hyderabad (NGRI)
Organizations involved