Interregional workshop on strengthening capacities to deal with international migration 22 - 23 September 2011, Geneva, Palais des Nations Migration Section, Population Division Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) United Nations, New YorkInternational migration in Africa, Europe and Latin America and the Caribbean

Context The Highlevel Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2006 established that international migration could be a triple winThe informal thematic debate on international migration and development in May 2011 confirmed that strengthening capacities and improving the evidence base were central to reaping the full benefits of international migration

High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development in 2013

Outline1.Levels and trends in international migrant stocks2. Levels and trends in international migration flows3. The characteristics of migrants: age and sex4. The demographic impact of international migration 5. Policies on immigration and emigration

Stocks and flows of international migration Migrant stocks Refers to the number of foreign born or foreigners living in a specific country at a specific date.

Migration flowsRefers to the event of moving, from one country (origin) to another (destination) in a given period of time (ex. 5 years).

1. Levels and trends in international migrant stocks

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Migrant stock by major area of destination, 2010 (percentage)Where do the 214 million internationalmigrants worldwide live?

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Migrant stock by major area of origin, 2010 (percentage)Where do international migrants come from?

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage)Africa and LAC generate more migrants than they receive

Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage)To the same major area, but in a different country To a country in a different major areaSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional

Migrant stock by major area of origin and destination, 2010 (percentage)To the same major area, but in a different country To a country in a different major areaSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 In Africa and Europe most international migration is intra-regional, while in LAC it is mainly extra-regional

Intra-regional migration from Africa and LACSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 of which 97 per cent to Northern America of which 67 per cent to Asia Extra-regional migration from Africa and LAC

While international migrant stocks increased between 1990 and 2010 MillionsSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 20 per cent increase40 per cent increaseAfricaLACEuropeOther major areas

refugees did not contribute to the growth in migrant stock in Africa and LACMillionsSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 AfricaLACEuropeOther major areas

2. Levels and trends in international migration flows

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 to 2008 (millions)Immigration to Europe has increased since 2000Millions

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by major area of origin, 2000 and 2008 (percentage)Only one-fifth of immigrants to Europe come from Africa and LAC

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Top five countries of origin of immigrants from Africa and LAC to EuropePercentage

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Immigration to Europe and emigration from Europe by sub-region of origin, 2002 to 2008 (thousands)Migrants from Africa and LAC often engage in circular and return migrationThousandsEmigrantsEmigrantsImmigrantsImmigrants

3. The characteristics of international migrants: age and sex

Is international migration becoming more feminized?PercentageSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Foreigners immigrating to Europe by age and major area of origin, 2008 (percentage)Half of all immigrants are aged between 20 to 34PercentageLACTotalAfrica

International migrants in Africa are relatively young Percentage of migrant stock under age 20, 2010Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

while they are older in Latin America and EuropePercentage of migrant stock age 65 or over, 2010Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Compared to the total population, international migrants of working age are overrepresented in Africa Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 %

and in EuropeSource: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 %

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 % while migrants over age 65 are overrepresented in Latin America and the Caribbean

while older international migrants are predominantly female in Europe and Latin AmericaIn Africa, international migrants of working age are predominantly male EuropeLACPercentageFemale migrants as a percentage of total international migrant stock by age, 2010Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Equal percentage of males and femalesAfrica

3. The demographic impact of international migration

In Africa, the impact of international migration on the size of the working age population is smallWithout migrationWith migrationMillionsProjected population aged 20-64 (medium variant)Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 Africa

Without migrationWith migrationMillionsProjected population aged 20-64 (medium variant)Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011 LAC

Chart1

272.792109272.792109

302.239294302.239294

330.84504330.84504

358.419535361.138701

382.166878387.62589

402.336888410.375078

416.222897426.613055

426.800408439.64071

433.331837448.805566

435.277981453.309546

432.743966452.99471

Medium

Zero migration

Sheet1

LAC20002005201020152020202520302035204020452050

Medium272.792109302.239294330.84504358.419535382.166878402.336888416.222897426.800408433.331837435.277981432.743966

Zero migration272.792109302.239294330.84504361.138701387.62589410.375078426.613055439.64071448.805566453.309546452.99471

Without international migration, the working age population in Europe would decline by 9 per cent by 2050Without migrationWith migrationMillionsProjected population aged 20-64 (medium variant)Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

Without international migration, the working age population in 2050 would decline by 10 per cent or more in 16 countries in Europe

Countries in Europe most affected by population decline among those aged 20-64 in the absence of international migration by 2050 (percentage)Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2011

5. Policies on immigration and emigration

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010 Fewer countries are seeking to curb international migration than in the pastPercentage of countriesGovernments with policies to lower immigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage)

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010 Policies to reduce emigration have become less prevalent, except in AfricaPercentage of countriesGovernments with policies to lower emigration, 1996 and 2009 (percentage)

Source: United Nations, Population Division/DESA, 2010 Promoting integration is a priority among European GovernmentsPercentage of countriesGovernments with policies to integrate non-citizens, 2009 (percentage)

Conclusions1.Migration is predominantly intra-regional in Africa and Europe and extra-regional in LAC2.International migration for economic and social reasons increased between 1990 and 2010, while forced migration declined3.Europe receives fewer migrants from Africa and LAC than from other major areas4.While half of all international migrants are women, the proportion of women migrants to all migrants has declined, except in Africa and LAC5. Migrants are older in Europe and LAC and younger in Africa6. International migration has a significant impact on the size of the working-age population in Europe7. Policies on immigration and emigration have become less restrictive since the 1990s

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