international journal of pure and applied …solve engineering problem and mathematical physics .the...

FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF GFRP AND NFRP AUTOMOTIVE MULTI LEAF SPRING

1CM Meenakshi, 2Ravi Malla

1,Assistant Professor 2Student

Department of Mechanical Engineering,

BIST, BIHER, Bharath University, Chennai. [email protected]

Abstract: The automobile industry is continuously

working to replace conventional spring with

composite leaf spring due to the advantage of high

strength to weight ratio. This is also one such work of

multi leaf spring material replacement to composite.

Riding comfort of passengers inavehicle is

determined n by the suspension system. The main

purpose of the leaf springis tocarry vertical load and

to damp the vibration. The function of the leaf spring

is tediousbecause of its clamping effects and inter-leaf

contact etc. The objective of this paper is to replace

the multi-leaf spring with composite mono leaf spring

for the same load carrying capacity and stiffness. As

the elastic strain energy storage capacity and strength-

to-weight ratioof composite materials are high as

compared to those of steel,itmay be possible to reduce

the weight of the leaf spring without reducing the load

on the spring. Design and analysis of the steel and

composite leaf springs have been done using ANSYS

software and CATIA V5 R20 software.

Key word: NFRP,GFRP, Static Analysis

1. Introduction

The composite materials are light and strong. By

correct selection of matrix and reinforcement

material, a new material can be framed which will

meets the requirements of any particular application.

Composites also provide flexibility in design because

most of the materials can be molded into complex

shapes. One among such application is composite

leaf spring. The main purpose of the leaf spring is to

store the potential energy as strain energy and release

slowly so that the energy storage capacity and suspension

effect of the leaf spring will increase. For this purpose

steel has been used initially used slowly with the

development in the composites, it starts replacing steel.

Mainly GFRP and also NFRP as the natural fibers are

low cost and biodegradable. Here different GFRP and

NFRP leaf spring are designed and simulated and results

are compared.[1-4]

2. Specification of Composite Leaf Spring

The parameters of the leafsprings are calculated

analytically then drafted as infig (i) and design is done in

CATIAas and fig (ii)

Figure 1

International Journal of Pure and Applied MathematicsVolume 116 No. 15 2017, 13-19ISSN: 1311-8080 (printed version); ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)url: http://www.ijpam.euSpecial Issue ijpam.eu

13

Figure 2

3. Material Properties

The material properties has been configured in three

tables in such way that table-1 describes the

properties of conventional material whereas table -2

and 3 describes the properties of various GFRP and

NFRP consider for analysis respectively.[5-9]

Material properties of conventional material

Table 1

Parameter AISI 6150

TI-6AL-4V Alloy

Density kg/m^3 7850 4220

Young modulus Mpa 2.05E5 1.05E5

Poisson ratio 0.29 0.31

Bulk modulus Mpa 1.267E5 895

Tensile yield strength Mpa 979 828

Tensile ultimate strength Mpa 1015

Table 2

Parameter Carbon/Epoxy composite

Graphite/Epoxy composite

Density kg/m^3 1600 1590

Elastic modulus, Mpa 177E3 294E3

Poisson ratio 0.27 0.23

Tensile yield strength Mpa 1900 2067

International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

14

Table 3

Parameter SISAL/EPOXY Composites

JUTE/EPOXY

Composites

E GLASS woving

roving/Bio based PU

Density kg/m^3 1500 1300 1200

Elastic modulus,

Mpa 34.06E3 37.54E3 20820

Poisson ratio 0.2846 0.3284 0.35

Tensile yield

strength Mpa 385.4

4. Static structural analysis

The finite element method is a numerical procedure to

solve engineering problem and mathematical physics

.The main area which are solvable by finite element

method are structural analysis, heat transfer problems,

fluid flow analysis etc.[10-18]

For problems with complicated

geometric structures loading conditions and material

properties, it is not possible to obtain solutions by any

methods in those cases numerical methods such as

FEM will help as. [19-24] As we need to analysis the

stress, strain and deformation nature of the modelled

leaf spring so static structural

analysis is chosen for analysis workbench.[25-30]

5.RESULT AND DISCUSSION

5.1 AISI 6150


15

5.2 TI-6AL-4V Alloy

5.3 Carbon/Epoxy composites:

5.4 Graphite/Epoxy composites

5.5 SISAL/EPOXY Composites

5.6 JUTE/EPOXY Composites

5.7EGLASS/BIOBASEDPU


16

Table 4. Static Structural Ansys Results

MATERIAL TOTAL

DEFORMATION(mm)

EQUIVALENT

STRESS(Mpa)

STRAIN

ENERGY

(Mj)

WEIGHT(N)

AISI 6150

124.18 1459.8 127.9 122.39

TI-6AL-4V Alloy

242.17 1473.9 256.13 65.793

Carbon/Epoxy

composite

143.97 1446.8 144.42 24.945

Graphite/Epoxy

composite

86.84 1424.2 82.608 24.789

SISAL/EPOXY

Composites 747.62 1456.2 764.56 23.386

JUTE/EPOXY

Composites 676 1487 733.08 20.268

Eglass/Bio Based

PU 1218 1506 1358.7 18.709

5. Conclusion

In this present work the design of the multi-leaf

spring is done using CATIA V5.For conventional

material (AISI 6150, TI-6AL-4V Alloy) and various

other GFRP and NFRP has been carried out using

ANSYS 16.

Hence the above work proves that

composites can be used as materials for leaf springs

for light weight and good performance. Thus the

scope of NFRP in future appears to be bright

References

[1] Arun Kumar N., Srinivasan V., Krishna Kumar P.,

Analysing the strength of unidirectional fibre

orientations under transverse static load, International

Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22,

pp-7749-7754, 2014.

[2]. Srinivasan V., Analysis of static and dynamic

load on hydrostatic bearing with variable viscosity

and pressure, Indian Journal of Science and Technology,

v-6, i-SUPPL.6, pp-4777-4782, 2013.

[3]. Srinivasan V., Optimizing air traffic conflict and

congestion using genetic algorithm, Middle - East

Journal of Scientific Research, v-20, i-4, pp-456-461,

2014.

[4]. Praveen R., Achudhan M., Optimization of jute

composite as a noise retardant material, International

Journal of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp-

7627-7632, 2014.

[5]. Raja Kumar G., Achudhan M., Srinivasa Rao G.,

Studies on corrosion behaviour of borated stainless steel

(304B) welds, International Journal of Applied

Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp-7767-7772, 2014.

[6]. Ganeshram V., Achudhan M., Design and

moldflow analysis of piston cooling nozzle in

automobiles, Indian Journal of Science and Technology,

v-6, i-SUPPL.6, pp-4808-4813, 2013.

[7]. Ganeshram V., Achudhan M., Synthesis and

characterization of phenol formaldehyde resin as a binder

used for coated abrasives, Indian Journal of Science and

Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL.6, pp-4814-4823, 2013.


17

[8]. Achudhan M., Prem Jayakumar M.,

Mathematical modeling and control of an electrically-

heated catalyst, International Journal of Applied

Engineering Research, v-9, i-23, pp-23013-, 2014.

[9]. Anbazhagan R., Satheesh B., Gopalakrishnan

K., Mathematical modeling and simulation of modern

cars in the role of stability analysis, Indian Journal of

Science and Technology, v-6, i-SUPPL5, pp-4633-

4641, 2013.

[10]. Udayakumar R., Kaliyamurthie K.P., Khanaa,

Thooyamani K.P., Data mining a boon: Predictive

system for university topper women in academia,

World Applied Sciences Journal, v-29, i-14, pp-86-

90, 2014.

[11]. Kaliyamurthie K.P., Parameswari D.,

Udayakumar R., QOS aware privacy preserving

location monitoring in wireless sensor network,

Indian Journal of Science and Technology, v-6, i-

SUPPL5, pp-4648-4652, 2013.

[12]. Kumar J., Sathish Kumar K., Dayakar P.,

Effect of microsilica on high strength concrete,

International Journal of Applied Engineering

Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5427-5432, 2014.

[13]. Dayakar P., Vijay Ruthrapathi G., Prakesh J.,

Management of bio-medical waste, International


pp-5518-5526, 2014.

[14]. Iyappan L., Dayakar P., Identification of

landslide prone zone for coonoortalukusing

spatialtechnology, International Journal of Applied


[15]. Swaminathan N., Dayakar P., Resource

optimization in construction project, International


pp-5546-5551, 2014.

[16]. Swaminathan N., Sachithanandam P., Risk

assessment in construction project, International


pp-5552-5557, 2014.

[17]. Srividya T., Kaviya B., Effect on mesh

reinforcement on the permeablity and strength of

pervious concrete, International Journal of Applied


[18]. Sandhiya K., Kaviya B., Safe bus stop

location in Trichy city by using gis, International


pp-5686-5691, 2014.

[19]. Ajona M., Kaviya B., An environmental

friendly self-healing microbial concrete, International


5457-5462, 2014.

[20]. Kumar J., Sachithanandam P., Experimental

investigation on concrete with partial replacement of

scrap rubber to granite stones as coarse aggregate,

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,

v-9, i-22, pp-5733-5740, 2014.

[21]. Sachithanandam P., Meikandaan T.P., Srividya

T., Steel framed multi storey residential building analysis

and design, International Journal of Applied Engineering

Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5527-5529, 2014.

[22]. Srividya T., Saritha B., Strengthening on RC

beam elements with GFRP under flexure, International


5443-5446, 2014.

[23]. Saraswathy R., Saritha B., Planning of integrated

satellite township at Thirumazhisai, International Journal

of Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5558-

5560, 2014.

[24]. Saritha B., Rajasekhar K., Removal of malachite

green and methylene blue using low cost adsorbents from

aqueous medium-a review, Middle - East Journal of

Scientific Research, v-17, i-12, pp-1779-1784, 2013.

[25]. Saritha B., Ilayaraja K., Eqyaabal Z., Geo

textiles and geo synthetics for soil reinforcement,

International Journal of Applied Engineering Research,

v-9, i-22, pp-5533-5536, 2014.

[26]. Ilayaraja K., Krishnamurthy R.R., Jayaprakash

M., Velmurugan P.M., Muthuraj S., Characterization of

the 26 December 2004 tsunami deposits in Andaman

Islands (Bay of Bengal, India), Environmental Earth

Sciences, v-66, i-8, pp-2459-2476, 2012.

[27].Ilayaraja K., Ambica A., Spatial distribution of

groundwater quality between injambakkam-

thiruvanmyiur areas, south east coast of India, Nature

Environment and Pollution Technology, v-14, i-4, pp-

771-776, 2015.

[28]. Ilayaraja K., Zafar Eqyaabal M.D., Study of

ground water quality in Cooum belt, Indian Journal of

Science and Technology, v-8, i-32, pp--, 2015.

[29]. Sandhiya K., Ilayaraja K., Application of GIS for

countering nuclear disaster, International Journal of

Applied Engineering Research, v-9, i-22, pp-5561-5566,

2014.

[30]. Ambica A., Ground water quality characteristics

study by using water quality index in tambaram area,

Chennai, Tamil nadu, Middle - East Journal of Scientific

Research, v-20, i-11, pp-1396-1401, 2014


18

international journal of pure and applied …solve engineering problem and mathematical physics .the...

Documents