Presentation of the First Deputy Director,

Scientific and Research Institute of Airnavigation

V. Korchagin PBN implementation plan for the Russian airspace

and its first results

PBN TF/8 meeting, Paris 23-24 January 2013

In accordance with Resolution A36-23 of the ICAO Assembly,

a plan has been drawn up in the Russian Federation for the

introduction of PBN in Russian airspace.

The plan has been drawn up based on Performance-based

Navigation (PBN) Manual (Doc 9613) in order to implement

the benefits of PBN with minimal expense for aircraft

operators and air navigation service providers, and to

integrate the Russian air navigation system into the regional

European and international air navigation systems.

The plan has been published on the website of the European

and North Atlantic (EUR/NAT) regional ICAO office under

the section

http://www.paris.icao.int/documents_open_meetings/files.php

?subcategory_id=78.

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Selection of PBN specification to be

implemented in the Russian Federation

The main initial data on selecting a specification are aircraft fleet condition and its development prospects, navigation infrastructure and governmental decrees.

In view of these conditions the implementation of the following main PBN specifications is considered expedient :

RNAV-5 for aircraft en-route operations in the upper airspace along are area navigation paths. This type of specification can be implemented for the most of existing aircraft on the base of VOR/DME.

RNAV-1 for operations in the terminal area and landing approaches.

The selection of these specifications types is based on the following:

1) It is really achievable for the existing aircraft fleet.

2) The use of lower accuracy in the terminal area is not reasonable as it will not allow to attain advantages of area navigation.

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Navigation infrastructure

RNAV-5 procedures implementation is possible on the basis of the following systems:

•VOR/DME;

•DME/DME;

•GNSS.

RNAV-1 procedures implementation is possible on the basis of the following systems :

•DME/DME;

•GNSS.

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Characteristics of the radio navigation field in the

Russian airspace

Currently the navigation service for aircraft operations when flying along the Russian air paths is provided by 386 non-directional beacons. In general, there is a large number of NDBs in Russia operated, among them separate NDBs – 716, locator middle with middle radio marker and locator outer with outer radio marker – 1514. NDBs do not meet the requirements to modern navigation due to low navigation accuracy and lack of the possibility to be used for automated aircraft navigation.

The navigation service is also provided by 34 complex (D)VOR/DME facilities installed mainly on the aerodromes. Characteristics of azimuth radio beacons (D)VOR/DME meet all modern navigation requirements. The use of this equipment allows to carry out flights in area navigation conditions along air paths, but they cannot be used as an area navigation means in terminal areas.

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Radio navigation fields produced by installed radio beacons (D)VOR/DME

at a height above Н=3600 m

Азиатский поток

Трансазиатский поток

Транссибирский поток

Трансполярный поток

Кроссполярный поток

Трансвосточный поток

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Radio navigation fields produced by radio beacons (D)VOR/DME installed and planned for installation at a height

above Н=3600 m for operations per RNAV-5 requirements

In accordance with the FTP «ATM upgrading» it is planned to install

(D)VOR/DME in 69 locations 7

Radio navigation system on the basis of DME/DME

The radio navigation system formed by DME/DME has better navigation performance compared to the complex (D)VOR/DME.

It is planned to install 39 DME facilities in the area of responsibility of the Moscow ACC. It will lead to the possibility to provide operations using area navigation methods:

RNAV-1 with the flight altitude of 500 m and above in the terminal areas of the Moscow hub;

RNAV -2 with the flight altitude of 3600 m and above in the whole are of responsibility of the Moscow ACC.

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Radio navigation field DME-DME at the height of

500m (RNAV1) in the airspace of the Moscow hub

terminal areas

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Radio navigation field DME-DME at the height of

3600m (RNАV2) in the area of responsibility of the

Moscow ACC

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Surveillance methods with regard to their functional capabilities to serve operations with the use of RNP

and RNAV navigation specifications

The concept of area navigation implementation implies operations in controlled airspace.

Currently the secondary surveillance radar field covers the Russian airspace virtually completely, with the exception of the Northern part of North-Eastern Siberia where the primary radar field exists.

Automated Dependent Surveillance (ADS-B) is expected to be more and more significant, in airspaces with procedural control as well.

Radar surveillance of the ATC system must be used to support the specified path in case of coarse errors of the navigation system.

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Automation technologies for ATC processes

The PBN implementation may require upgrading of the automation technologies for ATC processes to provide controllers with necessary information on aircraft capabilities.

Such changes may include:

• Modifications of software for flight data processing (FDP) of the automated air traffic system;

• If necessary, modification of software for radar data processing (RDP);

• Necessary modifications of the ATC air situation display;

In January of 2012 the Amendment №1 to Doc. 4444 was implemented with changes of the ICAO flight plan form for fields 10 and 18 related to PBN.

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Conclusion:

The navigation infrastructure in the

Russian Federation is defined by separate

(D)VOR/DME, which do not provide a

continuous navigation field. It is practically

impossible to create a continuous radio

navigation field in the Russian Federation with

the help of conventional ground means.

This can be provided by the Global

Navigation Satellite System (GNSS).

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GNSS use in area navigation operations

In view of the Russian geography, extensive use of the PBN conception will be possible only after large-scale implementation of satellite navigation systems GLONASS/GPS and their augmentations GBAS and SBAS in the Russian Civil Aviation industry.

By now a suite of regulatory documents has been prepared that allow to use GNSS as the main means of aircraft navigation en-route and in the terminal airspace, which will enable implementation of RNAV procedures based on the GNSS use.

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KEY ACTIVITIES ON PBN IMPLEMENTATION

Development and approval of necessary regulatory legal

documents on the use of GNSS as the means of compliance with

the requirements to PBN operations.

Accomplishment of the geodetic surveying of aeronautical

marks in the terminal airspace.

Development of PBN routes in airways and in the terminal

airspace with regard to flight safety level assessment, and their

publication in the Russian AIP.

Development and approval of regulatory legal documents on

authorization of Russian operators’ aircraft to PBN operations.

Crews training for carrying out PBN operations.

Controller’s staff training to provide PBN operations, in

mixed flights also.

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By now geodetic surveying of 84 Russian aerodromes

is accomplished in the system PZ-90.02 :

Of which - 27 international and federal aerodromes

(total - 34);

International – 0 (total - 34);

Federal - 4 aerodromes (total - 51);

Others - 53 aerodromes (total - 249).

Geodetic surveying of aeronautical marks

(ANM) at the Russian aerodromes

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Existing regulatory legal documents related to the use

of satellite navigation

1. Letter of 10.10.98 № 3.10-41 of the Federal Aviation Service (FAS) of

Russia «On implementation of the Regulations on Procedure of aircraft

authorization for BRNAV operations in the European region», sent to the

addresses of regional directors of FAS, and directors of airlines, enterprises and

organizations under the jurisdiction of FAS of Russia;

2. Order of the Federal Aviation Service of 4.03.1998 № 61 «On

implementation of airborne GPS receivers in the Russian Civil Aviation services»;

3. Instruction of the State Civil Aviation Authority of 25.01.2002 № НА-36-

р «On implementation of technical requirements to support and carry out

procedures for non-precision approach with area navigation via a satellite

navigation system»;

4. Instruction of Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation of

4.02.2003 № НА-21-р «On implementation of recommendations on aircraft

preparation and operators’ training for P-RNAV (precise area navigation)

operations in the European region with RNP-1 requirements».

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Existing regulatory legal documents related to the use of

satellite navigation (continued)

5. Qualification requirements

KT 34-01 «Airborne equipment of satellite navigation», 4th revision;

KT-253 «Airborne equipment of GNSS/GBAS»;

KT-229 «Airborne equipment of GNSS/SBAS».

6. FAR «Radiotechnical communications and Navigation equipment» (order

of the Federal Airnavigation Service of 26 November 2007 № 115 «On approval

and implementation of the federal aviation rules «Radiotechnical communications

and Navigation equipment);

7. FAR «Certification of the Air Traffic Management facilities» (order of the

Federal Airnavigation Service of 26 November 2007 № 116 «On approval and

implementation of the federal aviation rules «Certification of the Air Traffic

Management facilities»).

8. Instructions on designing en-route and terminal flight procedures with

RNAV.

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9. Provision on support and execution of operations in the terminal area

during arrivals and departures with area navigation via a satellite navigation

system.

10. Provision on validation of flight safety with area navigation procedures

implementation.

11. List of equipment subject to equipping with means of global navigation

systems GLONASS or GLONASS/GPS to the benefit of air navigation service.

12. Addenda to the order of Ministry of Transport of Russia of 18.01.2005

№ 1 «On approval of federal aviation rules «Flight reviews of ground means of

radiotechnical communications and navigation equipment, and civil aerodromes

lighting systems» (order of Ministry of Transport of Russia of 20.04.2011 № 117

«On introducing changes to the order of Ministry of Transportation of Russia of

18.01.2005 № 1).

Existing regulatory legal documents related to the use of

satellite navigation (continued)

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Normative legal documents subject to approval

1.«Instructions on the use of the Global Navigation Satellite System in the

Russian Civil Aviation».

2. FAR «Radio communication procedures in the airspace of the Russian

Federation».

3. Publication in the Russian AIP of the rules of GNSS use in the RF airspace

and of terminal procedures.

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PBN implementation strategy in the RF

The PBN implementation strategy in the RF implies three stages:

• Short-term - 2009-2012;

• Mid-term - 2013-2017;

• Long-term - 2018-2022.

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Short-term PBN implementation plan (2009-2012)

In ocean airspaces and on remote continental routes

Provision of RNP-10 for aircraft operations on area navigation paths over the Arctic Ocean and

other open waters where the Russian Federation is responsible for ATM, and on paths in remote

continental regions with poor ATM infrastructure with the use of navigation based on an

autonomous airborne navigation system and GNSS

In continental airspace

Implementation of RNAV-5 for aircraft operations on area navigation paths in continental regions

with the use of navigation based on an autonomous airborne navigation system, VOR/DME,

DME/DME and GNSS;

In the terminal area

Implementation of SID/STAR operations (up to 5% of non-international and up to 20% of

international airports) with RNAV-1 for aircraft equipped with DME/DME and GNSS.

Conventional maneuvering procedures and ATM for mixed conditions also remain.

Landing approach

Implementation of RNP APCH including Baro-VNAV, in international airports (up to 20% of

international airports).

At this conventional navigation equipment and approach patterns will remain.

Implementation of precision approaches per ICAO Category I for aircraft equipped with

GNSS/GBAS in a number of airports (up to 30 airports including 20 international airports).

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Implementation of PBN in aerodromes

STAR and SID procedures are developed and published that are

based on area navigation via the satellite navigation system (RNAV

GNSS). Specification RNAV-1 is used. Currently these procedures

are published in AIP documents for 15 aerodromes.

Approach procedures (APPROACH) are developed and published

that are based on area navigation via the satellite navigation system

(RNAV GNSS). Specification RNP APCH is used.

Currently these procedures are published in AIP documents for 16

aerodromes.

When developing precision and non-precision approaches via the

satellite navigation system, a calculation of minimum safe obstacle

clearance altitudes for Baro/VNAV is performed. These values are

planned to publish on procedures: as an appendix in the precision

approach procedures (GLS); as an option for approaches with

vertical guidance (APV) in non-precision approach procedures

(NPA).

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Approach procedure of the Surgut aerodrome

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Airport name Procedure Runway Last publication

date

1.Vladivostok (Knevichi) STAR RNAV GNSS 07L,R; 25L,R 28.06.12

2.Vnukovo SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS 01/19 17.11.11

3.Domodedovo STAR RNAV GNSS 14R,L/32R,L 17.11.11

4. Yekaterinburg STAR RNAV GNSS 26L/26R 31.05.12

5. Kazan STAR RNAV GNSS 11L 29R 28.06.12

6. Kogalym STAR RNAV GNSS 17/35 26.07.12

7. Krasnodar STAR RNAV GNSS 05R/23L 26.07.12

8. Mineralnye Vody SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS 12/30 31.05.12

9. Murmansk SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS 13/31 31.05.12

10. Nizhnevartovsk STAR RNAV GNSS 03/21 28.06.12

11. St.-Petersburg SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS 10L,R/28L,R 28.06.12

12. Surgut STAR RNAV GNSS 03/21 12/30 17.11.11

13. Tyumen STAR RNAV GNSS 03/21 12/30 15.12.11

14. Sheremetyevo SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS 07R,L/25R,L 03.05.12

15. Yakutsk SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS 05R/23L 12.01.12

SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS procedures published in the Russian aeronautical information documents as of 02 August 2012

Airport name Procedure Runway Last publication date

1.Vnukovo NPA GNSS 01/19 06/24 17.11.11

2. Yekaterinburg NPA GNSS 26L/26R 31.05.12

3. Yoshkar Ola NPA GNSS 16/34 23.08.12

4. Kazan NPA GNSS 11L 29R 28.06.11

5. Kogalym NPA GNSS 17/35 26.07.12

6. Krasnodar (Pashkovsky) NPA GNSS 05R/23L 26.07.12

7. Mineralnye Vody NPA GNSS 12/30 31.05.12

8. Murmansk NPA GNSS 13/31 23.08.12

9. Niznhevartovsk NPA GNSS 03/21 28.06.12

10. Ramenskoe NPA GNSS 12/30 22.09.11

11. Samara (Kurumoch) NPA GNSS 05/23 15/33 28.06.12

12. Surgut NPA GNSS 07/25 17.11.11

13. Tyumen NPA GNSS 03/21 12/30 17.11.11

14. Chkalovsky NPA GNSS 12R/30L 12L/30R 17.11.11

15. Sheremetyevo NPA GNSS 07R,L/25R,L 08.03.12

16. Yakutsk NPA GNSS 05R/23L 12.01.12

NPA GNSS procedures published in the Russian aeronautical information documents as of 02 August 2012

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2009 2010 2011

1. Anapa

(Vityazevo)

2. Rostov-on-Don

3. Gelendzhik

4. Sochi

1. Nizhny Novgorod

(Strigino)

2. Kaliningrad

(Khrabrovo)

3. Irkutsk

1. Surgut (SID development, STAR adjustment)

2. Salekhard

3. Khabarovsk (Novy)

SID RNAV GNSS, STAR RNAV GNSS procedures developed by FSUE SRDI for

Airnavigation, but not published in the Russian aeronautical documents as of 02

August 2012

2009 2010 2011

1. Anapa

(Vityazevo)

2. Rostov-on-Don

3. Gelendzhik

4. Sochi

5. Nizhny Novgorod (Strigino)

6. Kaliningrad (Khrabrovo)

7. Irkutsk

8. S.-Petersburg (Pulkovo)

9. Surgut (adjustment)

10. Salekhard

11. Khabarovsk (Novy)

NPA GNSS procedures developed by FSUE SRDI for Airnavigation, but not published in the Russian aeronautical documents as of 02 August 2012

PA GNSS (GLS) procedures published in the Russian aeronautical

documents as of 02 August 2012

Airport name Procedure Runway Last publication date

1. Tyumen GLS 03/21 12/30 17.11.11

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Mid-term PBN implementation plan (2013-2017)

In ocean airspaces and on remote continental routes

Beginning of RNP-4 implementation for aircraft operations on area navigation paths over the

Arctic Ocean and other open waters where the Russian Federation is responsible for ATM with the

use of navigation based on an autonomous airborne navigation system and GNSS.

In continental airspace

Continuation of RNAV-5 implementation on paths in continental regions of the Russian

Federation (up to 60% paths) with the use of navigation based on an autonomous airborne

navigation system, VOR/DME, DME/DME and GNSS.

In the terminal area

Implementation of SID/STAR operations (up to 15% of non-international civil airports and up to

60% of international airports) with RNAV-1 for aircraft equipped with DME/DME and GNSS.

Conventional maneuvering procedures and ATM for mixed conditions also remain.

Landing approach

Implementation of precision approaches per ICAO Category I for aircraft equipped with

GNSS/GBAS (up to 70 airports including 50 international airports).

At this conventional navigation equipment and approach patterns will remain .

Helicopters operation

Authorization for en-route operations, maneuvering in the area of terminal/landing place,

approaches with RNAV-1 of helicopters equipped with GNSS, and precision approaches for

helicopters equipped with GNSS/GBAS.

Deployment of ADS-B infrastructure as a means of surveillance in locations of intensive

helicopter operations including regions of hydrocarbons production.

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Long-term PBN implementation plan (2018-2022)

This period is characterized by full deployment of the GNSS infrastructure in the

Russian airspace.

In ocean airspaces and on remote continental routes

Accomplishment of the transition to RNP-4 for aircraft operations on paths over the Arctic Ocean and other

open waters where the Russian Federation is responsible for ATM based on INS and GNSS.

In continental airspace

Accomplishment of the RNAV-5 implementation on paths in continental regions of the Russian Federation with

navigation based on INS, VOR/DME, DME/DME and GNSS.

Partial transition from RNAV-5 to RNAV-2 in airspace with high density air traffic.

Reduction of paths used by aircraft not equipped with RNAV systems.

Aerodrome airspace

Implementation of SID/STAR operations (up to 50% of non-international civil airports and up to 100% of

international airports) with RNAV-1 for aircraft equipped with DME/DME иand GNSS. In some cases

conventional navigation aids may not be restored.

Landing approach

Implementation of RNP APCH including Baro-VNAV in international airports.

Implementation of precision approaches per ICAO Category I for aircraft equipped with GNSS/GBAS,

beginning of implementation of approaches per ICAO Categories II/III with the use of GBAS.

In some cases conventional navigation aids may not be restored.

Beginning of implementation of approaches type RNP AR APRCH.

Helicopters operation

Wide use of GNSS together with ADS-B to provide services for helicopters at all flight stages.

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The use of RNP AR APPROACH

procedures at the Sochi airport to

lower meteorological minima for the

period of 2014 Winter Olympic

Games

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Current objectives in the context of PBN

implementation for the Russian airspace

1. To select efficient ways for PBN implementation in

the Russian airspace with regard to national features.

2. To prepare version 2 of the PBN implementation

plan for the Russian airspace.

3. To speed up the implementation of PBN in the

Russian airspace.

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