International AgricultureAGED 4713

International Panel: Mexico

Manuel D. Corro

Spring 2003

Mexican History

European influence from Spain

Prehispanic culture:

Aztec Mayan Zapotecan Mixtecan Totonacan Olmecan

Geographic data

Area: 1,972,550 sq. Km 14th largest country32 States 1 Federal District

Every State divided in “Municipios”(counties)

Population

11th most populated country in the world

Population density: 52.5 people per sq.kilometer

Range: 15 to 5 587 p/sq km

Population growth rate: 1.6

74 % Population living in urban areas

26% Population living in rural areas (24 millions)

Source: www.inegi.gob.mx

103,400,165 people

Facts about Mexican population Official and business language: Spanish Several Indigenous languages

Nahuatl, Mayan, Zapotec, Mixtec, Otomie,

Tarahumara, Yaqui

Diverse Population: 60%, mestizo (Amerindian-Spanish)

30%, Amerindian or predominantly Amerindian

10 % full blood Mexican indigenous

9% white

1% other

Mexico City, Federal District

Economy Mexico´s Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

amounted to 920 billion dollars in 2001

GDP per capita $9,100

Services69%

Industries26%

Agriculture5%

Currency: Mexican Peso $ 1 US Dollar = $ 11.00 pesos

Agroecological Regions in Mexico

Arid and Semiarid

Temperate Highland Tropical

Facts about Mexican Agriculture

20 % Labor force (8 millions)

14 % Agricultural land

85 % cropping on rainfed land

15 % irrigated

Rainfed land:

30 % good

53 % fair

17 % poor

Tractors 1.8/100 Ag. Labor

Combine 1/1000 Ag. Labor

Annual Income/farmer ~$2000 Dollars

Grains harvested in 2000

GrainArea

(ThousandsHa)

Production(Thousands

M.Ton)

YieldTon/ ha

Corn 7,406.0 18,314.4 2.4

Sorghum 1,877.35 6,043.2 3.2

Wheat 657.5 3,049.8 4.2

Beans 1,615 1,080.6 0.64

Barley 243.5 470.7 2.2

Rice 52.3 394.7 4.7

Soybean 122.5 132.8 1.6

Cartamo 96.1 262.7 1.6

Sesame 43.1 31.5 0.6

Total 12,113.35 29,780.4

Source: www.sagar.gob.mx

Perennial Crop Production

Avocado Banana Citrus:

– Lemon– Orange

Coffee Mango Papaya Sugar cane

Other crops

Chili Tomatoes Onions Strawberry Melons Watermelons Guava

Livestock Production

Livestock Production, National consumption (Import and domestic) and

world rank 2000

Consumption from:CommodityProductionMetric tons

WorldRank

Domestic Imports

Poultry 1,731,538 4 89 11

Honey bee 255,323 6 99.9 0.1

Eggs 1,634,793 7 99.5 0.5

Beef meat 1,399,629 9 82 18

Milk(millions ofLiters)

8,877.3 12 85 15

Goat meat 37959 16 N/ A N/ A

Pork 994,186 19 76 24

Sheep meat 30,785 40 42.3 57.7

Meat Consumption

Poultry39%

Beef31%

Pork25%

Sheep1%

Goat1%

Turkey3%

52 kg/year

Per capita

The Education System in Mexico

Some data about Education in Mexico

1921 66 % literacy rate 1995 91 % literacy rate 90 % 15 years old people finish elementary

school 30 millions students in all levels 1.4 million of teachers and professors 212 thousand education centers (all levels)

Source: www.sep.gob.mx

Enrollment in National Education System

Basic81%

Job Training3%

Up. Secondary10%

Higher Education

6%

30 millions of students

Source: www.sep.gob.mx

The structure of Mexican Education

Preschool ( 3-5 years old) Elementary 6 levels (6-11 yrs) Lower Secondary 3 levels (12-14 yr.) Upper Secondary (“preparatoria”) 3 levels (15-17 yr.) Technological Upper Secondary or Technical

Professional (3 years after lower secondary) Universities, Technological Institutes, Teacher

education Colleges 4 to 5 years (18- 24 years old) Graduate Studies: Specialization, Master and Ph.D..

Source: www.sep.gob.mx

Mexican Education System: Higher Education enrollment

Comprehensive Universities

62%

Technological Universities

1%

Technological Institutes

16%

Other Publics IES9%

Teacher Education Colleges

12%

1,727.5 thousands of students

73.6 % Public

26.5 % Private

Mexican Higher Education enrollment: by branches of Science

Natural & Exact3%

Medical9%

Agricultural &Farming

3%

Social & Administrative

51%

Engineering30%

Education & Humanities

4%

Agricultural Universities in MexicoSupported by Ministry of Agriculture

Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Saltillo Coahuila

Universidad Autonoma Chapingo, Texcoco Estado de Mexico

Colegio de Postgraduados en Ciencias Agricolas,

Texcoco Estado de Mexico

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

UNAM Oldest University : 1551 Decentralized Autonomous Funded by Federal Government:

– Secretary of Education

– Competitive research funds: CONACYT

– UNAM Foundation: private support (10%) Mission:

– Teaching, Research and Outreach

85 % of research in Mexico (all areas) Comprehensive University (4-6 years) 68 Colleges offer 130 careers

– (145 000 College Students )

– College of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics ( 2 campuses >3500 students)

– College of Agricultural Sciences (1000 students)

UNAM

International trade

Agricultural Trade and the North American Free Trade Agreement

(NAFTA)

NAFTA: Canada, the U.S. and Mexico Mexico

• Third largest foreign importer from U.S After Japan and Canada

• Second largest foreign supplier of Ag. Products to U.S.

• After Canada Total US Ag. exports to Mexico :

• 10 % meat and meat products • 17 % seed• 22 % live animals• 22 % dairy products• 43 % sorghum

Agricultural Trade and NAFTA

Over a third of U.S Ag. Imports came from Mexico:– 50 % Melons – 36 % live animals – 20 % of coffee– 10 % fruit juice– 6% Bananas

U.S. Is the main market for Mexican Ag. Exports:– 95 % Horticultural products– 75 % Coffee– 56 % Sugar– 50 % Live animals– 98 % Beer– 80 % Tequila

Any Questions