inter cultural final

Zao shang hao – Chinese MandarinBom dia – Portuguese

Annyunghaseyo - KoreanGood Morning to Everyone

Intercultural Communication

“Language disguises thought.” ― Ludwig Wittgenstein

http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/7672.Ludwig_Wittgenstein


The world today is characterized by an ever growing number of contacts resulting in communication between people with different linguistics cultural background.

This communication take place because of contacts in the areas of business, military cooperation, science, education, mass media, entertainment, tourism & immigration because of labor shortage andpolitical conflicts.


“We may say that intercultural communication isthe communication among those people whohave so different cultural references that theyperceive themselves as pertaining to differentcultures.”1Rodrigo Alsina, Miquel: “Comunicaciónintercultural”, Anthropos Editorial, Barcelona 1999, p.12

Why study Intercultural Communication?

Increasing interaction between people due to globalization.

Increasing diversity in workplace.

Increasing need to develop caring, responsible and ethical business leaders.

COMMUNICATION & LANGUAGE

Characteristics of LanguageAn abstract system of word

meaning, and symbols for all aspects of culture. It includes speech, written characters, numerals, symbols and gestures (non-verbal)

Language is primarily use for communication

There are two types of communication (verbal – use of language, non-verbal –use of gesture, facial expression and other body movements

COMMUNICATION & LANGUAGE

Characteristics of LanguageIts involves paralanguage – the

language of gestures, expressions and postures.

Language enables people to stores meaning and experiences to pass to new generations.

Formulation of complex plans and ideas were possible.

Language is only manifested to human

FOUR AREAS OF LANGUAGE

1. Phonology – the system of sound that a particular language is used.

2. Semantics – the study of word meanings and word combinations

3. Grammar – describes the structure of a language which consist of two major parts: morphology and syntax,morphology – the study of language’s smallest unit of meaning called morphemes (prefixes, suffixes & root word.Syntax – specifies how words are combines into sentences

4. Pragmatics – rules for the use of appropriate language in particular contexts.

RELATIONSHIP OF LANGUAGE & CULTURE

1. Inventions are made possible because of language

2. The learning of culture take place because of language

3. From our enormous capacity to learn and use of language is derived our collective memory (myths, fables, saying, ballads, and the like.As well as writing, art and all other media that shape human consciousness and store and transmit knowledge.

4. Language is an integral part of culture and human culture cannot exist without it.

5. Norms, values, and ideas existed & transmitted because of language

IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE IN CULTURE


6. Language & culture were inextricably related to one another. You could not understand or appreciate the one without a knowledge of the other. [Edward Sapir]

7. Language actually determines the possibilities for thought and action in any given culture. [e.g. a person who loves birds will have a much larger vocabulary about birds compared to others] [linguistic-relativity hyphothesis]

IMPORTANCE OF LANGUAGE IN CULTURE


1. Learned behaviors, belief, attitudes, values and ideals that are characteristics of a particular society or population [Ember, 1999]

2. The learned norms, values, knowledge, artifacts, language and symbols that are constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life [Calhoun, 1994]

3. The sum of total symbols, ideas, forms of expressions and material products associated with a system. [Allan Johnson 1996]

4. The complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, laws,, customs, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as member of society [Panopio, 1992]

WHAT IS CULTURE?


5. An organization of phenomena that is dependent upon symbols, phenomena which include acts [pattern in behavior]; object [tools and things made by tools]; ideas [beliefs and knowledge]; and sentiments [attitudes and values]; In this sense the culture is the entire way of life of people and everything learned and shared by people in society. [Leslie White & Hunt, 1998]

6. Consist of pattern, explicit and implicit, of and for behavior acquired and transmitted by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievement of human groups, including their embodiment in artifacts. [Hofstede, 1997]

WHAT IS CULTURE?


1. The culture is learned.2. Culture is shared by a group of people.3. Culture is cumulative.4. Cultures can be change.5. Culture is dynamic [ constantly changing]6. Culture is ideational [has pattern which the

members are expected to follow]7. Culture is diverse 8. Culture gives us a range of permissible

behavior patterns.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE


A- COMMUNICATIONA1 – Language A2 – Symbols

B. COGNITIVE COMPONENTS

B1. Ideas/Knowledge/BeliefsIdeas – mental representation [concept, categories, metaphor] use to organize stimulusKnowledge – is the storehouse where we accumulate representations, information, facts, assumptions; once stored knowledge can support learning to the next.Beliefs – acceptance of the proposition, statement, description of the facts.

COMPONENTS OF CULTURE


B2. VALUES

Standard of desirability, goodness and beauty which served as the broad guidelines for social living.

B3. ACCOUNTS

How people use the common language to explain, justify, rationalize, excuse or legitimize our behavior to themselves and others.



C. Behavioral Components

C1 -Norms

Are rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its members.



TYPES OF NORMS1. Mores – the customary behavior

patterns or folkways which have taken on moralistic value which includes respect to authority, marriage, and sex behavior patterns, religious rituals and other basic code of human behavior.

2. Laws – the most formal and important norms. The formalized norms in which even the visitor are required to obey.

3. Folkways – are behavior patterns of society which are organized and repetitive. It involved the way we eat, how we dress, and other patterns that we follow because they have been impressed upon us from the time we were born.



TYPES OF NORMS1. Rituals – these are highly scripted

ceremonies or strips of interaction that follow a specific sequences of actions.e.g.Ceremonies : graduation, baptism, funerals, wedding, birthdayHoliday: Thanksgiving, ChristmasEveryday public rituals: handshake, greetingBonding ritual: exchanging cards, holding hands, parties, gift giving.Signal ritual: choosing menu in restaurant, eye contact



D. Materials

Refer to physical objects of culture such as machine, equipment's, tools, books, clothing, etc. [artifacts]




COMMUNICATION COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL MATERIAL

Language

Symbols

IdeasKnowledg

eBeliefs

ValuesAccount

s

Norms

Mores

LawsFolkway

sRituals

Tools/Medicines

Books

Transportation

Technologies

Rituals

HOW CULTURE TRANSMITTED?

A. Enculturation – the process of learning culture of one’s own group.

B. Acculturation – the process of learning some new traits from another culture.

C. Assimilation – the process in which an individuals entirely loses any awareness of his/her previous group identity and takes on the culture and attitudes of another group.

IMPORTANCE & FUNCTION OF CULTURE

A. Culture helps the individual fulfills his potentials as a human being.

B. Through the development of culture, man can overcome his physical disadvantages and allows him to provide himself with fire, clothing, food and shelter.

C. Culture provides rules of proper conduct for living in a society.

D. Culture also provides the individual his concepts of family, nation, and class.

IMPORTANCE & FUNCTION OF CULTURE

E. provides people with different ways of thinking, seeing, hearing and interpreting the world;

F. involves a number of man-made, collective artefacts and is shared by the members of a social group;

G. is something that shapes one‘s behavior or structures one′s perception of the world

Intercultural communicatio

n develops competitivenes

s by several means

developing multiple cultural

perspectives and approaches to conducting

business

being skilful at working with people from

many cultures simultaneously

adapting comfortably to

living in different cultures

learning to interact with international partners as

equals

understanding the worldwide

political, cultural and

business environment from a global perspective

IMPORTANCE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

Thank you

The shortest way between

two people is a smile

I. The Impact of Nonverbal Communication

A. Nonverbal Communication: Message exchange process

involving the use of nonlinguistic and paralinguistic cues which are expressed through multiple communication channels in a particular

sociocultural setting.

• Nonlinguistic cues e.g., eye contact, smiles, touch etc.

• Paralinguistic cues e.g., tone, pitch, volume, pace etc.

• Multiple channels e.g., facial expressions, gestures etc.

• Sociocultural setting e.g., cultural norms, etc.

I. The Impact of Nonverbal Communication

B. One Code, Countless Interpretations

C. Verbal and Nonverbal Comparisons

Nonverbal cues relate to verbal messages

in five different ways:1. Repeat2. Contradict3. Substitute4. Complement5. Accent

II. Forms of Nonverbal Communication: A. Physical Appearance: Artifacts

and clothingB. Paralanguage: Sounds and tonesC. Facial expressions: Kinesics,

SADFISH, and cultural display rulesD. Gestures: four categories of hand

gestures 1. Emblems 2. Illustrators 3. Regulators 4. Adaptors

E. Haptics—touch behavior, high-, low-, moderate-contact cultures

II. Forms of Nonverbal Communication:

Can you identify the emotions?

III. Boundary Regulations: Four broad themesA. Regulating Interpersonal

Boundaries

Proxemics: study of space.

Intimate zone: 0–18 inches. Reserved for those closest to us.Personal zone: 18–48 inches. Closer friends, some acquaintances.Social zone: 48 inches to 12 feet. Public zone: 12 feet or more.

back

Parting Thoughts…Our first impressions

are generated by our

experiences and our environment, which means that we can change our first impressions . . . by changing the

experiences that comprise those impressions.

~ Malcolm Gladwell

(arigatō gozaimasu)–JapaneseMuchas gracias– Spanish(kamsahamnida) - Korean

Thank you very much

http://www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/spanish/thanksvm_es.mp3

http://www.omniglot.com/soundfiles/spanish/thanksvm_es.mp3

inter cultural final

Education