Intel Microprocessors

Dileep Bhandarkar

1971: 4004 Microprocessor

• The 4004 was Intel's first microprocessor. This breakthrough invention powered the Busicom calculator and paved the way for embedding intelligence in inanimate objects as well as the personal computer.

Introduced November 15, 1971

108 KHz, 50 KIPs , 2300 10m transistors

1972: 8008 Microprocessor

• The 8008 was twice as

powerful as the 4004. A

1974 article in Radio

Electronics referred to a

device called the Mark-8

which used the 8008. The

Mark-8 is known as one

of the first computers for

the home --one that by

today's standards was

difficult to build, maintain

and operate.

1974: 8080 Microprocessor

• The 8080 became the brains of the first personal computer--the Altair, allegedly named for a destination of the Starship Enterprise from the Star Trek television show. Computer hobbyists could purchase a kit for the Altair for $395. Within months, it sold tens of thousands, creating the first PC back orders in history.

1978: 8086-8088 Microprocessor

• A pivotal sale to IBM's new personal computer division made the 8088 the brains of IBM's new hit product--the IBM PC. The 8088's success propelled Intel into the ranks of the Fortune 500, and Fortune magazine named the company one of the "Business Triumphs of the Seventies."

1982: 286 Microprocessor

• The Intel 286, originally known as the 80286, was the first Intel processor that could run all the software written for its predecessor. This software compatibility remains a hallmark of Intel's family of microprocessors. Within 6 years of its release, an estimated 15 million 286-based personal computers were installed around the world.

1985: Intel386™ Microprocessor

• The Intel386™

microprocessor

featured 275,000

transistors--more than

100 times as many as

the original 4004. It

was a Intel’s first 32-

bit chip.

1989: Intel486™ DX CPU

Microprocessor• The Intel486™ processor

generation really meant you go from a command-level computer into point-and-click computing. "I could have a color computer for the first time and do desktop publishing at a significant speed," recalls technology historian David K. Allison of the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History. The Intel486™ processor was the first to offer a built-in math coprocessor, which speeds up computing because it offloads complex math functions from the central processor.

1993: Intel® Pentium® Processor

• The Intel Pentium® processor allowed computers to more easily incorporate "real world" data such as speech, sound, handwriting and photographic images. The Intel Pentium brand, mentioned in the comics and on television talk shows, became a household word soon after introduction.

• 22 March 1993

• 66 MHz

• 3.1 M transistors

• 0.8µ

1995: Intel® Pentium® Pro

Processor• Intel® Pentium® Pro processor

was designed to fuel 32-bit server and workstation applications, enabling fast computer-aided design, mechanical engineering and scientific computation. Each Intel® Pentium Pro processor is packaged together with a second speed-enhancing cache memory chip. The powerful Pentium® Pro processor boasts 5.5 million transistors.

• 1 November 1995

• 200 MHz

• 0.35µ

• 1st x86 to implement out of order execution.

P6

1997: Intel® Pentium® Processor

with MMX™ Technology

• 8 January 1997

• 0.35µ

• 200 MHz

• 4.5M transistors

P55C

1997: Intel® Pentium® II

Processor• The 7.5 million-transistor

Intel® Pentium II processor incorporates Intel® MMX™ technology, which is designed specifically to process video, audio and graphics data efficiently. It was introduced in innovative Single Edge Contact (S.E.C) Cartridge that also incorporated a high-speed cache memory chip.

• 7 May 1997

• 0.25µ

• 300 - 450 MHz

• External L2 cache

Klamath

1998: Intel® Pentium II Xeon

Processor• The Intel® Pentium II Xeon processors

were designed to meet the performance requirements of mid-range and higher servers and workstations. Consistent with Intel's strategy to deliver unique processor products targeted for specific markets segments, the Intel® Pentium II Xeon processors feature technical innovations specifically designed for workstations and servers that utilize demanding business applications such as Internet services, corporate data warehousing, digital content creation, and electronic and mechanical design automation. Systems based on the processor can be configured to scale to four or eight processors and beyond.

1999: Intel® Celeron® Processor

• Continuing Intel's strategy of developing processors for specific market segments, the Intel® Celeron® processor was designed for the value PC market segment.

• First integrated L2 cache -128 KB

• 19M transistors

• 300 MHz

• 0.25µ

• 24 August 1998

Mendocino

1999: Intel® Pentium® III

Processor• The Intel® Pentium® III processor

features 70 new instructions--Internet Streaming SIMD Extensions -- that dramatically enhance the performance of advanced imaging, 3-D, streaming audio, video and speech recognition applications. It was designed to significantly enhance Internet experiences, allowing users to do such things as browse through realistic online museums and stores and download high-quality video. The processor incorporates 9.5 million transistors, and was introduced using 0.25-micron technology.

• 26 Feb 1999

• 500 MHz

Katmai

1999: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™

Processor• The Intel® Pentium III Xeon™

processor extends Intel's offerings to the workstation and server market segments, providing additional performance for e-Commerce applications and advanced business computing. The processors incorporate the Intel® Pentium III processor's 70 SIMD instructions, which enhance multimedia and streaming video applications. The Intel® Pentium III Xeon processor's advance cache technology speeds information from the system bus to the processor, significantly boosting performance. It is designed for systems with multiprocessor configurations.

Tanner

1999: Intel® Pentium® III

Processor – 0.18µ

• 25 Oct 1999

• Integrated 256KB L2

cache

• 733 MHz

• 28 M transistors

• First Intel

microprocessor to hit

1 GHz on 8-Mar-2000

Coppermine

2000: Intel® Pentium® III Xeon™

Processor• Intel's Pentium III Xeon

processors were specially designed to meet the scalability, availability and manageability needs of the server market segment.

• 22 May 2000

• 145M transistors

• 2 MB integrated L2 cache

• 0.18µ

Cascades

2000: Intel® Pentium® 4

Processor – 0.18µ• The processor debuted with 42

million transistors and circuit lines of 0.18 microns, 29 years after Intel's first microprocessor. The Intel® Pentium® 4 processor's initial speed was 1.5 GigaHertz. If automobile speed had increased similarly over the same period, you could now drive from San Francisco to New York in about 13 seconds.

• 20 Nov 2002

• 256K integrated L2 cache

• Double clocked inner core

• 100 MHz quad pumped bus

• Hit 2 GHz on 27 Aug 2001

• Simultaneous Multi-threading

Willamette

2001: Intel® Pentium® III

Processor – 0.13µ

Tualatin

2001: Intel® Pentium® 4

Processor – 0.13µ

• 27 August 2001

• 55 million transistors

• 2 GHz

• 512KB L2 cache

• 14 Nov 2002: 3.06

GHz

• 23 June 2003: 3.2

GHz

Northwood

2001: Intel® Itanium™ Processor

• The Itanium™ processor is the first in a family of 64-bit products from Intel. Designed for high-end, enterprise-class servers and workstations, the processor was built from the ground up with an entirely new architecture based on Intel's Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing (EPIC) design technology. May 2001

• 800 MHz

• 25M transistors

• 0.18µ

• External L3 cache

Merced

2002: Intel® Xeon™ MP

Processor

• 12 March 2002

• 1.6 GHz

• 1MB L3 cache

• 108 M transistors

• 0.18µ

Foster

2002: Intel® Itanium™ 2

Processor - 0.18µ• The Itanium™ 2 processor is the

second member of the Itanium processor family, a line of enterprise-class processors. The family brings outstanding performance and the volume economics of the Intel® Architecture to the most data-intensive, business-critical and technical computing applications. It provides leading performance for databases, computer-aided engineering, secure online transactions, and more.

• 8 July 2002

• 1 GHz

• 221 M transistors

• 3 MB L3 cache

McKinley

2002: Intel® Itanium™ 2

Processor - 0.13µ

• 30 June 2003

• 1.5 GHz

• 6 MB L3 cache

• 410 M transistors

Madison

2003: Intel® Pentium® M

Processor• The first Intel® Pentium® M

processor, the Intel® 855 chipset family, and the Intel® PRO/Wireless 2100 network connection are the three components of Intel® Centrino™ mobile technology. Intel Centrinomobile technology is designed specifically for portable computing, with built-in wireless LAN capability and breakthrough mobile performance. It enables extended battery life and thinner, lighter mobile computers.

• 12 March 2003

• 130 nm

• 1.6 GHz

• 77 million transistors

• 1 MB integrated L2 cache

Banias

2004: Intel® Pentium® 4

Processor – 90 nm

• 1MB L2 cache

• 64-bit extensions

• 120 million transistors

• 3+ GHz frequency

Prescott

2004: Intel® Pentium® M

Processor (90 nm)

• Banias shrink with the cache doubled to 2 MB

Dothan

2005: Last Netburst Microarchitecture Core (65nm)

Cedar Mill

2 MB L2 Cache

Intel’s 1st Monolithic Dual Core

• January 2006

• Intel® CoreTM Duo

Processor

• 90 mm2

• 151M transistors

• 65 nmThe Core Duo is also famous for being the

first Intel processor to ever be used in

Apple Macintosh computers.

Yonah

• Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution

• Intel® Advanced Digital Media Boost

• Intel® Advanced Smart Cache

• Intel® Smart Memory Access

• Intel® Intelligent Power Capability

• Intel® 64 Architecture

Intel® CoreTM Duo Processor

90 mm2

151M transistors

Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo Processor

143 mm2

291M transistors

Merom

1MB L2I

Dual-

core

2x12MB L3

Caches

1.72 Billion Transistors

2 Way

Multi-threading

Itanium 2: First Billion Transistor Dual Core Chip (90nm)

Arbiter

Montecito

2006: Intel® Core™ Micro-architecture Products

Intel® Wide Dynamic Execution

Intel®

Intelligent Power

Capability

Intel®

Advanced Smart Cache

Intel® Smart Memory Access

Intel®

Advanced Digital Media

Boost

World Class Performance & Energy Efficiency

Server

Desktop

Mobile

14 Stage Pipeline

Process: 65nm

Die size: 143 mm2

Execution core area:36 mm2

Transistor count: 291 M

Execution core transistor count:

19 M

2006: Tulsa

CORE

16 MByLLC

CORE

unCore

PADS

PADS

Clock

Large shared 16M L3 cache

Two cores on single die at ≥3 GHz core frequency

– Four threads per processor with HT on each core

65nm process technology

1.3 M transistors

150 & 95 Watt SKUs

– Intel Cache Safe Technology

– Intel Virtualization technology

4MBL2 Cache

Core Core Core Core

4MBL2 Cache

1066/1333 MHz

October 2006: The World’s First x86Quad-Core Processor

Penryn Dual Core Die Photo

45 nm next generation Intel® CoreTM2 family processor

410 million transistors for dual core, 820 million for quad core

World’s first working 45 nm CPU

Production in the 2H’07

6 MB L2

Cache

1.0µm 0.8µm 0.6µm 0.35µm 0.25µm 0.18µm 0.13µm 90nm 65nm

Moore’s Law in Action:Microprocessors Advance

Source: Intel

Intel 486™ Processor

Pentium®

Processor

Pentium® II/IIIProcessor

Pentium® 4Processor

Intel® CoreTM Duo Processor

Intel® CoreTM 2 Duo Processor