Integument Review

Are you ready?

Don’t forget plates also!

Apocrine VS Eccrine

1. Eccrine

duct to pore on surface

2. Apocrine

Ducts empty into hair follicles

Associated with pheromones in underarm & pubic areas

Cause of a suntan

• Melanocytes make melanin in response to UV exposure

Characteristics of papillary layer

Top part of dermis

• Projections called dermal papillae

• Pain receptors

• Touch receptors

• Blood vessels

Complications of 3rd degree burn

• Associated dangers- Dehydration

- Electrolyte imbalance

- Circulatory shock

Function of sebum

• Oil made by sebaceous glands– - Lubricant for skin– - Kills bacteria

• Most with ducts that empty into hair follicles

Functions of skin

1.Protects deeper tissues

2. prevents desiccation

3. helps in heat regulation

4.Makes vit D

5. Excretion of waste

How are fingernails made?

Scale-like modifications of epidermis

- Heavily keratinized

Stratum basale under nail bed

- Responsible for growth

How does body cool off

Layers of hair & how produced

Cuticle – outside; transparent; heavily keratinized; scaly; gives elasticity & resiliency

Cortex – middle; rope-like proteins; if exposed – moisture loss, unravel, split ends

Medulla – inside; support structure

Male pattern baldness results from what body chemicals?

Scientific name for baldness – Alopecia

Order of epidermis strata layers

Parts of a fingernail

Free edge

Body

Root of nail

Eponychium – proximal nail fold that projects onto the nail body

Rules of Nines

• Way to determine the extent of burns

• Body is divided into 11 areas for quick estimate

• Each area represents ~ 9%

Medical terms: bedsores, cancer, bruise, redness

• Decubitus ulcer

• Melanoma

• Hematoma

• Erythema

Skin problems caused by

• Virus

• Fungus

• Bacteria

• Allergies

• Inflammation of sebaceous glands

• Inflammation of hair follicle

Cold sores

Athlete’s foot

Boil or Impetigo

Contact Dermatitis

Acne

Boil

4 types of membranes & examples• Cutaneous membrane -

skin

• Mucous membrane – inside mouth

• Serous membrane – covering organs

• Synovial membrane – certain joints

3 pigments of skin colorMelanin

Yellow, brown or black

Carotene

Orange-yellow from vegetables

Hemoglobin

Red from blood cells in dermis

Oxygen content determines redness

Tissue type of external skin layer

Epidermis – •outer layer

•Stratified squamous epithelium•Often keratinized

Visceral vs parietal

• Words to describe each layer of serous membranes

• V – on organs

• P – lining outer wall

Pleura, pericardium, vs. peritoneum

Peritoneum - Abdominal cavity

Pleura - Around the lungs

Pericardium - Around the heart

What are dermal papillae?

• Projections called dermal papillae in Papillary layer of dermis

• Fingerprints

Melanoma mole looks likeA = Asymmetry

– Two sides of pigmented mole do not match

B = Border irregularity – Borders of mole are not

smooth

C = Color – Different colors in pigmented

area

D = Diameter – Spot is larger then 6 mm in

diameter

What is composition of sweat

• Composition–Mostly water–Some metabolic waste–Fatty acids and proteins (apocrine only)

What’s happening in each stratum?1. Stratum basale

Cells undergoing mitosis

Lies next to dermis

2. Stratum spinosum

connections to adjacent cells

3. Stratum granulosum

granules of keratin

4. Stratum lucidum

Occurs only in thick skin

5. Stratum corneum Shingle-like dead cells

What is keratin, where is it found

• Waterproof protein

• Added by Stratum granulosum

• Found in hair, nails, skin

What is melanin, where is it found

• Pigment made by melanocytes in stratum basale

• Found in skin and hair

• Protects nucleus from UV

Mucous membrane location

• Body cavities that open to the outside

Where are the three kinds of dermal receptors found?

Free nerve endings

• In dermal papillae

Meissner’s corpuscles

• In dermal papillae.

Pacinian corpuscles

• In reticular layer

Which kind of membrane is all connective tissue

SynovialSynovial

MembraneMembrane

Which layer(s) has no blood supply

Which layer(s) insulate(s)

Which receptors are for pain (temp), touch, pressure?

Free nerve endings

• pain

Meissner’s corpuscles

• touch

Pacinian corpuscles

• pressure