integrating life cycle assessment and eco-design...
TRANSCRIPT
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Integrating Life Cycle
Assessment And Eco-design
Strategies For a Sustainable
Production of Bio-based
Plastics
Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam, Sebastian Spierling, Hans-
Josef Endres, Andrea Siebert-Raths
LCM 2017, Luxembourg
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 1
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ECO-DESIGN FOR BIO-BASED
PLASTICS
3. REFERENCE PRODUCT
4. ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
6. CONCLUSION
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Introduction
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 3
• Plastics have become an integral part in our lives with
versatile applications
• The majority of plastics are petroleum-based
• The finiteness of crude oil resources & global climate
change have brought bio-based plastics into focus
• Emphasis to be made to improve the design of bio-based
plastic products, making it as a sustainable alternative
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ECO-DESIGN FOR BIO-BASED
PLASTICS
3. REFERENCE PRODUCT
4. ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
6. CONCLUSION
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Eco-design for bio-based plastics
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 5
• Eco-design integrates the environmental aspects of
products into product design and development
• Apart from having a life cycle perspective, it helps to
improve design strategies in the business context
• Think beyond the usage of renewable raw materials as an
eco-design measure.
• Many eco-design studies conducted on other bio-based
products, but very few in bio-based plastics sector
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Eco-design for bio-based plastics
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 6
Eco-design team
Properties of product
system
LCA of product system
Eco-design strategies
Implementation and
feedback
Material engineer & a technician
Process engineer & a project manager
Sustainability expert
Marketing personnel
Chemical and mechanical properties
Environmental aspects
Market presence & social aspects
Identification of the value chain
LCA & interpretation of LCIA
Scenario & sensitivity analysis
Selection criteria - Polymers/additives
Prioritization of strategies
Environmental & social relevance
Economic & technical feasibility
Time frame & scope
Stakeholder meeting
Implementation at pilot scale
Feedback from team
Assessment after eco-design
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ECO-DESIGN FOR BIO-BASED
PLASTICS
3. REFERENCE PRODUCT
4. ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
6. CONCLUSION
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Reference product
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 8
• Body of a computer mouse made of
bio-based plastics
• Mechanical properties of different
polymers were analyzed
• LCA of the blend was done on a
cradle-gate basis
• Secondary data was predominantly
used, except for the production and
processing phase.
• LCIA, hotspot and scenario analyses
were analyzed along with mechanical
properties to identify strategies
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Reference product
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 9
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Imp
ac
t s
tre
ng
th [
kJ
m-2
]
Tensile strength [MPa]
Impact strength vs Tensile strength
ABS
ABS II
Blend
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Reference product
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 10
Raw material acquisition
Production
Processing
Poly-L-Lactic
Acid (PLLA)
(TH)
Poly-D-Lactic
Acid (PDLA)
(ES)
Processing
aidsPlasticizers
Nucleating
agents
Impact
modifiers
Extrusion Granulation CrystallizationVacuum
packaging
Pre-dryingInjection
moldingAssembly Packaging
Transport
Transport
Transport
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Reference product
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 11
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AP GWP EP POCP ODP ADP LU ET HT(CE) IR PM
Re
lati
ve
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n [
%]
Impact categories
Relative contribution to the total impacts
Processing
Production
Raw materialacquisition
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Reference product
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 12
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
AP GWP EP POCP ODP ADP LU ET HT(CE) IR PM
Rela
tive
co
ntr
ibu
tio
n [
%]
Impact categories
Scenario analysis - Trans-oceanic transportation of PLA
Base scenario
Cargo - Spain
Truck - Spain
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ECO-DESIGN FOR BIO-BASED
PLASTICS
3. REFERENCE PRODUCT
4. ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
6. CONCLUSION
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Eco-design strategies
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 14
Strategy Environmental
improvement
Economic
feasibility
Technical
feasibility
Timeframe
Sourcing of local
raw materials
4 2 5 Long Term
Bio-based
additives
3 2 3 Medium Term
Primary data 2 5 4 Short Term
Mechanical
properties
3 2 2 Medium Term
Ergonomics 4 2 2 Medium Term
Recyclability 5 1 4 Medium Term
Scale: 1-5, with 1 being least feasible and relevant, 5 being highly feasible and relevant
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ECO-DESIGN FOR BIO-BASED
PLASTICS
3. REFERENCE PRODUCT
4. ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
6. CONCLUSION
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Opportunities and Challenges
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 16
• Opportunities
Increase the lifespan of the bio-based plastics products
Expand the application areas
Improvement from sustainability point of view
Increase the marketability
• Challenges
Stakeholder engagement
Investing time and money
Transparent communication
1. INTRODUCTION
2. ECO-DESIGN FOR BIO-BASED
PLASTICS
3. REFERENCE PRODUCT
4. ECO-DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
6. CONCLUSION
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Conclusion
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 18
• LCA of a blend, made of bio-based plastics was done
• Eco-design strategies were taken from the results of LCIA,
scenario analysis and mechanical properties of the blends
• The proposed eco-design strategies are then discussed
with the stakeholders with the feasibility and timeframe
• The impacts of the product after applying these eco-
design measures need to be studied
• These measures could pave way to design and
manufacture sustainable bio-based plastics products
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
Hochschule Hannover │ IfBB – Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites │ www.ifbb-hannover.de Page 19
Contact:
Venkateshwaran Venkatachalam, M.Sc.
Research Associate
Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, Hannover, Germany
E-mail: [email protected]
Phone: +49 511 9296 2251