instructional media as teaching aids maria estela teo-balbuena
TRANSCRIPT
Instructional Media as Teaching Aids
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PRINTED MATERIALS
GRAPHIC MATERIALS
PICTORIAL MEDIAAUDIO MEDIA
PROJECTED MEDIA
MOTION MEDIA
DISPLAY MEDIACOMMUNITY RESOURCES
DEMONSTRATIONS
DRAMATIZATIONSCONTRIVED EXPERIENCE
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Supplementary materials- provide the best sources of idea and information, particularly on current topics, otherwise not available from textbooks.
Kinds of Printed materials used in Teaching
Textbooks-is a systematic arrangement of subject matter designed to assist the instructor in a particular content to students at a specific grade/year level.
Examples: pamphlets, handouts and journals.
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ADVANTAGES:
1. Printed materials are readily available on a wide variety of topics and in many different formats.2. Its adaptable in any lighted environment.3. Its handy and does not require any equipment or electricity.4. Printed materials, like worksheets, allow learners to practice skills.5. Its inexpensive to produce or purchase and can be reused.
LIMITATIONS:
1. Nonreaders or poor readers may not benefit from the printed materials in as much as these materials are sometimes above the reading level of the learners.2. Some teachers require students to memorize facts and definitions, thus, these materials are reduced to become mere memorization aids.3.Other teachers become “bookish”, making the textbooks as subject itself.
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PRINTED MATERIALS
AS TEACHING
AIDS
1. Teachers should maximize The learners’ active involvement in class discussion.
2. Teachers should complement the use of printed materials with other
instructional media.
3. Provide worksheets and handouts for topics which are not part of the textbooks.
4. Teachers should refer to new and updated book.
5. Students should be taught to evaluate and discriminate what they read.
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Graphic Materials
*Graphics means graphein which means “to write”, “to draw” or “to represent by lines”.* Graphics are instructionbal materials which present summarized information and ideas through drawings, words, pictures, and symbols.*These are generally abstract.
Drawings and
IllustrationsCharts
Diagrams
Graphs
Posters
CartoonsMaps and
Globes
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DRAWINGS AND ILLUSTRATIONS
FUNCTIONS:1. giving faces to characters in the story;2. Displaying a number of examples of an item described in a
textbook;3. Visualizing stepwise sets of instructions in a technical
manual4. Communicating subtle thematic tone in a narrative; and5. Develop students’ aesthetic values
Limitations
1.Drawingscould be
subject tomisinterpreta-
tions.
2.Technicalexpertise in
drawing couldbe needed toproduce gooddrawings andillustrations
Advantages: 1. They could be prepared ahead of time by having it drawn
on the board and covered until the class starts.2. They can be easily prepared once materials are available.
They are also easy to utilize because they do not require special equipment.
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CHARTS*these are instructional materials which
represent relationships such as chronologies, quantities, and hierarchies.
Flow/Process Charts
Classification charts
TabularCharts
Organizational charts
Stream/Tree
Charts
Timelinecharts
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Flow chart or process charts.Show a sequence, procedure, or a flow of a
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Classification charts.Show the classification or categorization of
objects or events.
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Advantages:1. It can present summaries of information2. It can be easily made by students.3. It does not require special equipment.Limitations:4. Charts cannot show motion5. Big charts can be cumbersome to handle.6. Charts can be outdated.
Chart as teaching aid:
Utilization Guidelines:1. Plan well to make sure charts fits the lesson.2. Parts of the chart should be clear, neat, and
detailed enough for vivid viewing.3. Use pointers to identify a portion.4. In presenting the chart, attach it on the wall,
rather than holding it.
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DIAGRAMS
Advantages:
1. Like charts, diagrams show relationships of a large amount of data in a condensed form.,
2. Diagrams are easy to use because they do not require special equipment.
Limitations: *Ideas rely heavily on symbolic means, hence, could be difficult to understand.
Although considered as charts, these
consist of lines and symbols
that show the relationships or key features of a
process, an object or an
area. Diagrams could be very
abstract such as construction blueprints or showing the
relationships of verbs, subject or
other parts of speech in an
English grammar class.
Utilization Guides:1. Diagrams work best in summarizing ideas;
hence,preliminary background information should be well discussed prior to the use of the diagram.
2. Teach symbolism to further comprehend the relationships in a diagram.
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VisualSymbols
Recording, Radio, Still pictures
Motion Pictures
Educational Television
Exhibits
Study Trips
Demonstrations
Dramatized Experiences
Contrived Experiences
Direct Purposeful Experiences
The Cone of
Experience
Degree of
Abstraction
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Direct, Purposeful Experiences
• Directly involving the class in certain activities such as planting, harvesting, praying, and the like is both experiential and participatory.
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Contrived Experiences. Simulating certain activities or physical
aspects of the local culture so that the experiences become more real is a valuable way to learn and express one’s learning.
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Dramatized Experiences
• Dramatization by some members of the class who may have done some research about the cultural group is a result of participatory learning.
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Demonstrations• demonstration by
an authority or a resource person about certain activities or rituals of the group is a form of actual learning.
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Study TripsConducting a field trip to a local
community is a tool towards experiential learning.
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Exhibits• Exhibits of artifacts, tool, costumes,
and other material aspects of the culture is a good type of educational media.
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Educational Television
• Televised lecture or show about the group is an excellent tool to raise awareness and shared understanding.
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Motion PicturesIt is about movies or films on
a certain group.
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Recording, Radio, Still Pictures
• Involves recordings of folk songs or conversations in the native dialect and/or still pictures showing costumes or any significant activities of the group.
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Visual Symbols
• Contains graphs, cartoons, comic strips, and other visual symbols
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Verbal Symbols• Includes textbooks and other printed
materials and plain lecture.
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