instructional devices.ppt

7/30/2019 INSTRUCTIONAL DEVICES.ppt

1/61

INSTRUCTIONAL DEVICES

By:

Grace Guitguiten, R.N., M.N.


2/61

Objectives

Identify the purposes of instructionalaids and devices.

Enumerate the various types ofdevices.

Discuss the basic guidelines in the use

of the Audio Visual Aids. Compare and contrast the devicesaccording to its use.


3/61

Instructional Materials

Items that by design serve as major tools for

assisting in the instruction of a

subject,course, or activity It maybe available in bound, unbound, kit,

or package form and may consist of

hardback or softback textbooks, learning

laboratories, slides, videos, DVDs,recordings, software and other commonly

accepted instructional tools.


4/61

Purposes:

To help clarify important concepts

To arouse and sustain students

interest

To give all students in a class the

opportunity to share experiences

necessary for new learning

To help learning more permanent


5/61

Kinds of Instructional Materials

I. Printed Materials

II. Audio Aids

III. Visual Aids

IV. Audiovisual Aids

V. Demonstrations

VI. Community ResourcesVII. Language Laboratory

VIII. Programmed Instruction


6/61

I.Printed Materials

A. Textbook

-a manual of instruction

or a standard book inany branch of study.They are producedaccording to thedemand of theeducationalinstitutions.(Wikipedia, 2007)


7/61


8/61


9/61

I.Printed Materials

B. Supplemental Materials

1. Workbooks

2. Duplicated Outlines3. Teacher-prepared Study Guide

4. Reference books

5. Pamphlets6. Magazine Articles

7. Newspapers
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/sample%20workbook.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/sample%20teachers%20guide.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/sample%20teachers%20guide.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/sample%20teachers%20guide.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/sample%20teachers%20guide.pdfhttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/sample%20workbook.pdf


10/61

II. Audio Aids

Audio aids include:

Radio

Phonograph Tape Recorders

Cassette tapes

Compact discs


11/61

III. Visual Aids

A. Chalkboard/whiteboard


12/61

III. Visual Aids

B. Still Pictures


13/61

Non-Projected Visuals

1. Photographs

- an image created by light

falling on a light-sensitive surface,usually photographic film or an

electronic imager
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_filmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image


14/61


15/61


16/61


17/61


18/61

Non-Projected Visuals

2. Illustrations

- visualization such as a drawing,

painting, photograph or other work ofart that stresses subject more than

form. The aim of an illustration is to

elucidate or decorate textualinformation (such as a story, poem or

newspaper article) by providing a visual

representation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_graphichttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspaperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paintinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drawinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_graphic


19/61


20/61


21/61


22/61


23/61

Projected Pictures

1. Slides

2. Filmstrips

3. Opaque Projections

4. Overhead Projections


24/61

Early Media: Fantascope and

Megascope


25/61

Pictoscope


26/61

Overhead projector


27/61

Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

Projector


28/61


29/61

III. Visual Aids

C. Graphic Materials

1. Charts

2. Graphs

3. Maps and Globes

4. Posters


30/61

A not need to affect each other. It's a

fast way to show big differences bar

graph is used to show relationships

between groups. The two items being

compared do.


31/61

A line graph is used to show continuing data;

how one thing is affected by another. It'sclear to see how things are going by the rises

and falls a line graph shows.


32/61

A circle graph is used to show how a part of

something relates to the whole. This kind ofgraph is needed to show percentages

effectively.


33/61

III. Visual Aids

D. Exhibits

1. School made displays

2. Bulletin Boards

3. Museums


34/61

III. Visual Aids

E. Flannel Board and Felt Board


35/61


36/61


37/61

III. Visual Aids

F. Objects

1. Specimen

2. Realias

3. Models

4. Dioramas


38/61

Human brain model


39/61

Diorama


40/61

Diorama denotes a partially three-

dimensional, full-size replica or scale

model of a landscape typically showinghistorical events, nature scenes or

cityscapes, for purposes of education

or entertainment
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_modelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scale_model


41/61


42/61


43/61

IV. Audiovisual Aids

A. Motion Pictures

B. Television

C. Videotapes
http://e/new/GRACE%20FILES/My%20Documents/My%20Lecs/MCN%20video/infantcare.movhttp://e/new/GRACE%20FILES/My%20Documents/My%20Lecs/MCN%20video/infantcare.mov


44/61

PREPARING AUDIO AND VISUAL

AIDS


45/61

General Guidelines

Keep audio and visual aids simple. In general, useone aid to convey one concept. Leave a lot of whitespace to make information more appealing.

If possible, prepare visual aids in color, rather thanblack and white. Color is more effective in gettingand keeping the audience's attention.

Be conservative on the volume. For example, toomany handouts or transparencies tend to beoverwhelming and less effective.


46/61

Text on Visual Aids

Text on visual aids should be written in point form, notparagraph form.

Prepare aids so that they are visible to allparticipants. In general, one inch lettering is visible at30 feet, two inches at sixty feet, and so on. Betweenlines, allow blank space of one and one-half times theletter height.

For a presentation prepared on a flip chart, use threeinch lettering. Leave a blank sheet between pages, sothe audience won't see the next page before you areready. Use several colors to maintain interest andseparate points. Use water based pens because they

leak through less than permanent markers.


47/61

Diagrams and Charts on Visual

Aids

Use charts and diagrams to graphically

represent complex issues or ideas.

Use bar graphs or pie charts to represent

numbers. Pie charts are effective when

comparing parts to the whole. Bar graphs

are effective to show trends over time.


48/61

USE OF AUDIO AND VISUAL AIDS


49/61

Prior to the Presentation

Include the audio and visual aids in the

rehearsal of the presentation to ensure

everything will run smoothly. Ideally,do a quick rehearsal in the room you

will be using, prior to the actual

presentation. Make sure each aid isappropriate for the size of the room

and can be seen by all participants.


50/61

During the Presentation

Use a variety of audio and visual aids. A mix of aidsduring your presentation helps to maintaininterest. Do not overuse audio aids because thelack of visual stimuli can be boring.

Ensure the use of the audio and visual aids does notinterrupt the flow of the presentation. Bring thevisual aid out when you are ready to use it and putit away when you are done with it.

Stand to one side of the visual aid and use apointer.


51/61

Overhead Transparencies

When using overhead transparencies,

arrange the frames in the order in which you

will show them and in a direction that does

not require turning when put on the

projector. Place the stack in a place that is

easy to access and set shown frames in a

separate stack so they will not get mixedup. Place transparencies in cardboard

frames or place a piece of paper between

them to avoid "static cling".

O h d T i d


52/61

Overhead Transparencies and

Slides

An effective way to use slides andtransparencies is to reveal a portion of

the slide as you describe it to theaudience. Using this approach, theaudience is not overwhelmed by toomuch information at once. They will

comprehend better if the informationis presented in stages and willanticipate what is coming next.


53/61

Videotape

Do not turn out the lights and show the entirevideotape from start to finish. Your audiencewill probably use this time to take a nap.

When using a videotape during yourpresentation, stop and start the videotape atlogical breaks.

A videotape may be used to introduce a newtopic or point of discussion during yourpresentation.


54/61

Other Tips for Audiovisual Aids
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/VIDEO%20AND%20AUDIO%20AIDS%20tips.dochttp://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_4/Instructional%20Device/VIDEO%20AND%20AUDIO%20AIDS%20tips.doc


55/61

V. Demonstrations

a method of teaching by example

rather than simple explanation

E.g. Medical Handwashing
http://e/new/GRACE%20FILES/My%20Documents/My%20Lecs/Health%20Care/Handwashing%20Video/CH31HandWashGloving.movhttp://e/new/GRACE%20FILES/My%20Documents/My%20Lecs/Health%20Care/Handwashing%20Video/CH31HandWashGloving.mov


56/61

VI. Community Resources

A. Field Trips

B. Resource Persons


57/61

VII. Language Laboratory


58/61

The Blackboard Learning

System family of software applications designed to

enhance teaching and learning. Intuitive and

easy-to-use for instructors, the Blackboard

Learning System helps instructors to build

course materials online and engage with

students in an interactive way.

http://www.blackboard.com/products/academic_suite/learning_system/index


59/61

Programmed Instruction

he name of the technology invented by

the behaviorist B.F. Skinner to

automate teaching. It was based on histheory ofVerbal Behavior as a means

to accelerate conventional educational

learning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_Behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbal_Behaviorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.F._Skinner


60/61

consists of self-teaching with the aid of a

textbook or teaching machine that presents

material structured in a logical sequence. allows students to answer questions about a

unit of study at their own rate, checking

their own answers and advancing only after

answering correctly.

After each step, they are presented with a

question to test their comprehension, then

are immediately shown the correct answeror given additional information.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instructional_technology


61/61