instructional design why? what? how?. why you need id? to provide a guide to effective training –...
TRANSCRIPT
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN
WHY?WHAT?HOW?
WHY YOU NEED ID?
• TO PROVIDE A GUIDE TO EFFECTIVE TRAINING– LEARNING EFFECTIVELY– STRATEGY
• TO HELP COURSE DEVELOPER AVOIDING DESIGN MISTAKES BY CREATING GOOD & CLEAR OBJECTIVES, GOOD EVALUATION ETC.
WHAT IS ID?• ID is a set of rules or procedures for creating training that
does what it is supposed to do (Piskurich, 2000)
• ID is associated with analyzing employee performance problems systematically, identifying the root cause(s), considering various solutions to address the causes, and implementing the solutions in ways designed to minimize the unintended consequences of corrective action (Rothwell & Kazanas, 1992)
• ID is the science of creating detailed specifications for the development, evaluation, and maintenance of situations which facilitate the learning of both large and small units of subject matter (Richey, 1986 in Rothwell & Kazanas).
• ID is based on learning theories, information technology, systematic analysis, educational research, and management methods.
(look at pp 6-7, 13)
More definition and concept…
• ID focused on establishing and maintaining efficient and effective human performance.– What is performance?
– What are efficiency and effectiveness?
• ID is guided by a model of human performance
A Comprehensive Model of Human Performance in Organization
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE
INDIVIDUAL PERFORMANCEJob context
Motivation
Knowledge
Skills
Attitudes
Abilities
Aptitude
WORK GROUP PERFORMANCEStructure
Leadership
Cohesiveness
Roles
Norms
Status
ENVIRONMENTSTRUCTURETECHNOLOGYSTRATEGYCULTURE
ENVIRONMENTSTRUCTURETECHNOLOGYSTRATEGYCULTURE
A Situation-Specific Model of Human Performance
Job Individual Response Consequences
Situation Performer (Action or of Action or
Decision) Decision to
by Performer
Performer
FEEDBACK
SYSTEMATIC
ID is a process for examining problems & identifying solutionsA planned process : needs are identified, problems
are selected, solutions are identified, methods & means are obtained and implemented, results are evaluated revisions are made.
Based on Open System Theory
Open system receives inputs from the environment, transform them thru operations within the system, submits outputs to the environment, and receives feedback.
ENVIRONMENT
INPUTS OPERATIONS OUTPUTS
FEEDBACK
Basic Components of an Organization as an Open System
Training Process
Need Analysis Phase
Design Phase
Development Phase
Implementation Phase
Evaluation Phase
Process Evaluation
Summative evaluation.
Fundamental components of ID
Learners Methods
Objectives Evaluation