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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Sanjaya Mishra

Definition

Architecture

Design

Implementation

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design• Multimedia principle: Use both graphics and words

• Contiguity principle: Place related words and graphics together

• Modality principle: Present words as speech rather than on screen text

• Redundancy principle: Avoid presenting words as narration and text together

• Coherence principle: Avoid extraneous sound and pictures• Personalization principle: Use conversational style and learning

agents • Practice principle: Give opportunities for interactions related to

authentic events

IGNOUM

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Multimedia principle: Use both graphics and words

IGNOUM

ult

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ia

Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Contiguity principle: Place related words and graphics together

IGNOUM

ult

imed

ia

Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Modality principle: Present words as speech rather than on screen text

IGNOUM

ult

imed

ia

Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Redundancy principle: Avoid presenting words as narration and text together

IGNOUM

ult

imed

ia

Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Coherence principle: Avoid extraneous sound and pictures

IGNOUM

ult

imed

ia

Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Personalization principle: Use conversational style and learning agents

IGNOUM

ult

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Principles of Multimedia Design

Practice principle: Give opportunities for interactions related to authentic events

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Instructional Design as a ProcessInstructional Design is the systematic development of instructional specifications using learning and instructional theory to ensure the quality of instruction. It is the entire process of analysis of learning needs and goals and the development of a delivery system to meet those needs. It includes development of instructional materials and activities; and tryout and evaluation of all instruction and learner activities

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Instructional Design as a Discipline

Instructional Design is that branch of knowledge concerned with research and theory about instructional strategies and the process for developing and implementing those strategies.

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Instructional Design as a Science

Instructional design is the science of creating detailed specifications for the development, implementation, evaluation, and maintenance of situations that facilitate the learning of both large and small units of subject matter at all levels of complexity.

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Communication Process

Sender ReceiverMessage through Media

Feedback

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Systems Theory

Input Process Output

Feedback

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Instructional Systems Design

Instructional Objectives

Instructional Procedures

Evaluation

Feedback

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Interactive Multimedia

Neither hardware, nor software (but teaching-learning technology)

Interactive (learner control of learning environment)

Multimedia (Unlike TVComputer-based) network

Combines: text, pictures, animation, audio, video

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Objectivism and Instructional Design

• Knowledge exists separate from knowing

• Human beings acquire knowledge in an objective manner through senses

• Learning consists of acquiring truth

• Learning can be measured precisely with tests

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Constructivism and Instructional Design

• Knowledge does not exists outside the bodies and minds of human beings

• Knowledge is constructed individually based on experience and reflection

• Best learning can be estimated through dialogues and observation

• Learning comes through discussion and engagement

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Constructivist Learning Environment

Instructional Design for Multimedia

• Active manipulation of learning objects

• Learners construct their own meaning

• Collaboration in learning communities

• Learning is essentially a social, dialogic process

• Enhance critical and Reflective Thinking

• Situated or contextual learning

• Learning is goal-directed

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Constructivism and Instructional Design

• Provide experience in and appreciation of multiple perspectives

• Embed learning in realistic and relevant context

• Embed learning in social experience

• Encourage ownership and voice in the learning process

• Encourage use of multiple modes of representation

• Provide experience of knowledge construction process

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

9 Instructional Events

GeneralisingEnhancing retention and learning transfer

Cuing retrievalAssessing performance

ReinforcementProviding information and feedback

Retrieval and respondingEliciting performance

Semantic codingGuided learning

Selective perceptionPresenting stimuli with distinctive features

Retrieval to working memoryStimulating recall of prior learning

ExpectancyInforming learner of lesson objectives

AlertnessGaining Attention

Internal Learning ProcessExternal Instructional Event

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

DADI Help MeDefinition

Architecture

Design

Implementation

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Definition

• Define goals and objectives• Determine competition• Identify contents• Define budget, timeline,

scope• Identify clients/users• Explore technical issues• Define goals and objectives

When, Where, What, How

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Architecture

• Identify major content areasInformation Architecture

• Prioritize contents• Define media types• Define structure with

relationships• Create flowchart, block diagrams• Create storyboard• Build preliminary prototype

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

DesignLook and Feel

• Develop content with suitable color, font• Develop media element

• Design interface• Define naming conventions• Build advanced prototype• Conduct user testing on prototype

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

ImplementationDo it

• Define milestones, priorities• Develop all media elements• Integrate all media, content into the

offline mode• Do all proof reading, checking• Test in different platform• Upload and go online/Create master

CD

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Instructional Design for Multimedia

Your Comments and Questions are welcome

Thank You