institute for environmental studies flood maps in europe a comparative evaluation of methods,...
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Institute for Environmental Studies
Flood Maps in Europe
a comparative evaluation of methods, availability and application
Hans de Moel and Jeroen Aerts
Key Sources• Armonia (2005), Report on the European scenario of
technoloigcal and scientific standards reached in spatial planning versus natural risk management, edited by S. Greiving, M. Fleischhauer and S. Wanczura.
• Jelinek, R. and M. Wood (2007), Risk mapping of flood hazards in new member states, EU Joint Research Centre, IPSC, NEDIES.
• CEA (2005), European property market shared experience: flood risk maping and zoning, Comité Européen des Assurances, Paris.
• National reports on the status of disaster reduction prepared for the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, Kobe, Japan.
• Questionnaire from the EU (Civil Protection) on hazard/risk mapping 2003/2004.
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EU Flood Directive
• Rationale:– Floods cause high damages– Climate change will affect occurrence of floods– Exposure will continue to increase– Should be managed at basin level
• Objective:– To establish a framework for the assessment and
management of flood risks
• Actions:– Preliminary flood risk assessment (2011)– Creation of flood hazard and risk maps (2013)– Flood risk management plans (2015)
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Flood Mapping
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USA, 1968 (NFIP)Canada, 1976 (FDRP)Europe, late 1990s
Munich Re, 2005
• Huge damages increase in 1990s• Triggered by large flooding events
Flood Damages
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01-1010-100100-1000
1000-50005000-10000> 10.000No Data
Estimated flood damagebetween 1980-2006in million US dollars*
* Data acquired from the OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database (www.em-dat.net)
Creating Flood Maps
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• Who make flood maps?– National Governments– Lower authorities (provinces, water boards)– (Re-)Insurance Companies– River Basin Authorities– Commercial consultancies– Research projects
Creating Flood Maps
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• Different flood maps– Occurrence of historic floods– Extend of historic floods– Dam break– Hazard– Risk
Source: Office of Public Works (OPW), Ireland
Creating Flood Maps
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• Different flood maps– Occurrence of historic floods– Extend of historic floods– Dam break– Hazard– Risk
Dresden, 1845 flood (Elbe)
Source: Schumacher, 2005
Creating Flood Maps
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• Different flood maps– Occurrence of historic floods– Extend of historic floods– Dam break– Hazard– Risk
Creating Flood Maps
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• Different flood maps– Occurrence of historic floods– Extend of historic floods– Dam break– Hazard– Risk
York 1/100 and 1/1000
Source: UK Environment Agency Website
Creating Flood Maps
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• Different flood maps– Occurrence of historic floods– Extend of historic floods– Dam break– Hazard– Risk
Source: Hydrological Information Centre Flanders
Creating Flood Maps
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• Most maps produced are flood hazard maps– Mostly display inundation zones based on return
periods– Some display hazard zones based also on other
parameters (e.g. flow velocity)
• Few risk maps available
• One conceptual model many different practices– Data available– Geograhical situation– Question addressed
Creating Flood Maps
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Creating Flood Maps
14 Following Kron (2002)
Creating Flood Maps
15 Source: Hydrological Information Centre Flanders
Availability Flood Maps
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Map of historic eventsDam break map
Hazard zonation mapRisk mapNo Data
National flood maps created by government*
* Filling indicates the coverage of the respective maps. Fully colored means coverage is national and hatches indicate that it differs per region or exists for selected waterways
• Emergency Planning• Spatial planning• Awareness raising• Insurance• Facilitate further research
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Use Flood Maps - Governments
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No legislationUsed for national insuranceGuidelines for spatial planningBinding with regard to spatial planningNo data
Use of flood maps by national authorities
Use Flood Maps - Governments
Use Flood Maps
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Insurability determinationNot produced*
Premium determinationProbability-Damage curvesNo Data
Use of flood maps created by the Insurance industry
* Information acquired from report by the Comité Européen des Assurances (2005) “European Property Market shared experience: flood risk mapping and zoning”
Summary
Overview• Many flood maps already produced• Most are hazard maps, based on inundation• Wide variety of practices• Mostly used for emergency and spatial planning
EU Directive• Most countries have a starting point• Transition to risk often has yet to be made
– How to include exposure/vulnerability– How to keep them comparable
• Hazard: dealing with flood defenses and include climate change
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