Insan ka Mansb-e-Khilafat

Status of ManBy

Muhammad Ali Khan

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ThemesDignity of Man Concept of Khalaifa and NaibHumanityRecognizing its roleSilent FeaturesRationales of Khalafat

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Concept3

Five Dimensions of StatusHuman - InsanFit of The Fittest-Ashraf-ul-MakhloqatVicegerent -(Socio-Religious)Khalifa (Political)

Only of Adam (Baqra-30)To Messangers /Daud ( Suaad 26)Nation by Nation ( Noor-55)All Human beings (Ibn-Kaser+Moudodi)

Aadmi (Biological)

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And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not

) ( ) نائب ) اپنا میں زمین میں کہ فرمایا سے فرشتوں نے پروردگار تمہارے جب ہے قابل کے کرنے یاد وقت وہ اورکشت اور کرے خرابیاں جو ہے چاہتا بنانا نائب کو شخص ایسے میں اس ُتتو کیا کہا۔ نے انہوں ہوں۔ والا بنانے ) باتیں ) وہ میں فرمایا نے خدا ہیں۔ رہتے کرتے وتقدیس تسبیح ساتھ کے تعریف تیری ہم اور پھرے کرتا وخون

جانتے نہیں تم جو ہوں جانتا4

(And it was said unto him): O David! Lo! We have set thee as a viceroy in the earth; therefor judge aright between mankind, and follow not desire that it beguile thee from the way of Allah. Lo! those who wander from the way of Allah have an awful doom, forasmuch as they forgot the Day of Reckoning.

کرنا نہ پیروی کی خواہش اور کرو کیا فیصلے کے انصاف میں لوگوں تو ہے بنایا بادشاہ میں زمین کو تم نے ہم داؤد اےعذاب سخت لئے کے ان ہیں بھٹکتے سے رستے کے خدا لوگ جو گی۔ دے بھٹکا سے رستے کے خدا تمہیں وہ کہ

) دیا) بھلا کو دن کے حساب نے انہوں کہ ہے تیار

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He it is Who hath placed you as viceroys of the earth and hath exalted some of you in rank above others, that He may try you by (the test of) that which He hath given you. Lo! Thy Lord is swift in prosecution, and Lo! He verily is Forgiving, Merciful. (Al-Inaam 165)

نے اس کچھ جو تاکہ کئے بلند درجے پر دوسرے کے ایک اور بنایا نائب اپنا کو تم میں زمین نے جس ہے تو وہی اوروالا بخشنے وہ بےشک اور ہے والا دینے عذاب جلد پروردگار تمہارا بےشک ہے آازمائش تمہاری میں اس ہے بخشا تمہیں

ہے بھی مہربان

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Marvel ye that there should come unto you a Reminder from your Lord by means of a man among you, that he may warn you? Remember how He made you viceroys after Noah's folk, and gave you growth of stature. Remember (all) the bounties of your Lord, that haply ye may be successful. (Al-Aaraf-69)

طرف کی پروردگار تمہارے ہاتھ کے شخص ایک سے میں تم کہ ہے ہوا تعجب سے بات اس کو تم کیاکے نوح قوم کو تم نے اس جب کرو تو کرو یاد اور ڈرائے تمہیں وہ تاکہ آائی نصیحت پاس تمہارے سے

کرو حاصل نجات تاکہ کرو۔ یاد کو نعمتوں کی خدا پس دیا۔ زیادہ پھیلاؤ کو تم اور بنایا۔ سردار بعد 7

They said: We suffered hurt before thou camest unto us, and since thou hast come unto us. He said: It may be that your Lord is going to destroy your adversary and make you viceroys in the earth, that He may see how ye behave.(Aaraf-129)

نے ٰیی موس بھی۔ بعد کے آانے اور رہیں پہنچتی اذیتیں کو ہم بھی پہلے سے آانے تمہارے کہ بولے وہزمین تمہیں جگہ کی اس اور کردے ہلاک کو دشمن تمہارے پروردگار تمہارا کہ ہے قریب کہ کہا

ہو کرتے عمل کیسے تم کہ دیکھے پھر بنائے خلیفہ میں

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The word(s) "viceroy" appears 10 time(s) in 10 verse(s) in Quran in Muhammad Pickthal’s translation

Khalafat k Taqazay

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(1) And when thy Lord said unto the angels: Lo! I am about to place a viceroy in the earth, they said: Wilt thou place therein one who will do harm therein and will shed blood, while we, we hymn Thy praise and sanctify Thee? He said: Surely I know that which ye know not. (  البقرة (Al-Baqara, Chapter #2, Verse #30 ,  سورة

(2) He it is Who hath placed you as viceroys of the earth and hath exalted some of you in rank above others, that He may try you by (the test of) that which He hath given you. Lo! Thy Lord is swift in trial, and Lo! He verily is Forgiving, Merciful. (  األنعام ,Al-Anaam, Chapter #6سورةVerse #165)

(3) Marvel ye that there should come unto you a Reminder from your Lord by means of a man among you, that he may warn you? Remember how He made you viceroys after Noah's folk, and gave you growth of stature. Remember (all) the bounties of your Lord, that haply ye may be successful. (  األعراف (Al-Araf, Chapter #7, Verse #69سورة

(4) And remember how He made you viceroys after A'ad and gave you station in the earth. Ye choose castles in the plains and hew the mountains into dwellings. So remember (all) the bounties of Allah and do not evil, making mischief in the earth.(  األعراف ,Al-ArafسورةChapter #7, Verse #74)

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(5) They said: We suffered hurt before thou camest unto us, and since thou hast come unto us. He said: It may be that your Lord is going to destroy your adversary and make you viceroys in the earth, that He may see how ye behave. (  األعراف ,Al-Araf, Chapter #7 ,  سورةVerse #129)

(6) Then We appointed you viceroys in the earth after them, that We might see how ye behave. (  سورة(Yunus, Chapter #10, Verse #14 ,  يونس

(7) But they denied him, so We saved him and those with him in the ship, and made them viceroys (in the earth), while We drowned those who denied Our revelations. See then the nature of the consequence for those who had been warned. ( يونس ,YunusسورةChapter #10, Verse #73)

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(8) Is not He (best) Who answered the wronged one when he cried unto Him and removed the evil, and hath made you viceroys of the earth? Is there any Allah beside Allah? Little do they reflect! النمل  ) (An-Naml, Chapter #27, Verse #62 ,  سورة

(9) (And it was said unto him): O David! Lo! We have set thee as a viceroy in the earth; therefor judge aright between mankind, and follow not desire that it beguile thee from the way of Allah. Lo! those who wander from the way of Allah have an awful doom, forasmuch as they forgot the Day of Reckoning. ص  ) (Sad, Chapter #38, Verse #26 ,  سورة

(10) And had We willed We could have set among you angels to be viceroys in the earth. الزخرف  ) (Az-Zukhruf, Chapter #43, Verse #60  سورة

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1. Vicegerency (Khilafah):The human being, in the Islamic world-view is

considered a vicegerent (khalifah). This vicegerency is declared before the creation of the first human being: “It is He Who has made you (His) vicegerents, inheritors

of the earth: He has raised you in ranks, some above others: that He may try you in the gifts He has given you: for your Lord is quick in punishment: yet He is indeed Oft-forgiving, Most Merciful.” (Qur’an, 6:165)

On the other hand, this vicegerency is subjected to observation: “Then We made you heirs in the land after them, to see how

you would behave!” (Qur’an, 10:14 )

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Status of man (Insan ka Maqam)

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1) Establishment of status before creation

2) Intension of Creation by Allah

3) High Ranke given after Creation

4) Advocacy of Human by Allah

5) Distinction in Creation_Created by Hands of Allah (Suaad-75)

6) Created as Fit of the Fitness/Ahsan-e-Taqweem

7) Superiority of Knowledge

8) Prostration of Angels but Iblees

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Cont….16

8. Creation of Iblees when he disobey to prostrate Adam

9. Heaven ,first Residence /Dwelling Place

10. Everything is created for him

11. Everything created is given in man’s ownership

12. Created man with Choices (Aaraf 10)

13. Respect given to man by Allah (Maaida 32),Due respect ought to be paid to humanity

14. Tauheed, to avoid any negativity

15. Equality- ????????16

Features of the status Khalafat/Naib/Vicegerent

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Relationship between Allah and Human

To check how human being behave

Knowledge was given to assist human being

 If they follow the Path of Allah, surrender to His Divine

Law, they prepare themselves to be His Servants.

Sovereignty lies with Allah and all Powers are trust

Quran as Supreme Law

Accountable to Allah for the Powers given on Earth

No Absolute Rule, Rule given for limited time span17

Requirements of the statusIn her/his capacity as a vicegerent, the human

being is perceived as the trustee of the earth.She/he is not supposed to cause corruption in

any form on earth (i.e. the environment).Life on earth entails great responsibilities. It is a test with accountability.It is followed by either reward or punishment.

These meanings are mentioned in the Qur’an and the Sunnah

ConclusionTawhid constitutes the ideological foundation of

Islam, Khilafah (vicegerency) provides the operational framework for the Islamic scheme of life

The role and status of vicegerency is conferred upon the human shared by man and woman alike but their roles differ

This lays the foundations of their essential equality as human beings, as vicegerents of Allah on the earth, whatever their different roles in society may be

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Points, to Ponder Over !There is a declaration of the potentialities

that man has the power to mischief as the angels perceived

The angels cannot be disobedient to Allah, but they question the wisdom of sending Adam to the Earth

Man has the ability to destroy and fightThe wisdom of creating “a vicegerent on

earth” lies in Allah's Knowledge. "I know what ye know not". Therefore, the

angels fell down in obeisance:

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Cont….Both Satan and Human (First) were given the

power to obey or disobey the Divine Law ?Adam may fall in mistakes out of ignorance

and limited knowledge ?Satan disobeys God's directions out of

arrogance and limited knowledge ?He does not accept to be mistaken and his

role is to prove that he is right ?He challenges the Power of Truth by illusions

?

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Past PapersWhat does Caliphate mean? Enumerate its salient

features. (2000)How does Islam regard humanity? What is the

concept of “Khalafat” in Islam? (2001)Define the religion of Islam. Explain also the idea

and place of humanity in Islam. (2003)The most important issue of humanity is the

recognition of the role and privileges of a man. Discuss how Islam may play a role in this regard in today's scenario. (2010)

What is Human Dignity? Explain how Islam recognized it and what efforts have been adopted to maintain the superiority of man?2013

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Equality

Satan caused them both Adam and Eve to deflect therefrom”. Both were held responsible for the act, both repented their transgression and both were forgiven

They entered the world without any stigma of original sin on their soul.

Human nature is pure and good. Man has been created in the best of all forms. [Q

95:4] Man and woman are made from the same

substanceEvery one is born in a state of purity and innocenceSuccess or failure depends entirely on one’s own

beliefs and behavior. [Q 95:5-6; 103:2-3]No one is to be responsible for the shortcomings of

others. [Q 6:195]25