INGLES III

5º CUATRIMESTRE

□ INTRODUCCIÓN

Se propone en este módulo brindar las herramientas necesarias para que, por un lado los alumnos profundicen lo trabajado en los espacios curriculares anteriores y puedan seguir expresándose y comunicándose en forma oral y escrita. Para lograr afianzar la seguridad necesaria para hablar y desenvolverse manejando el idioma. Incorporar y afianzar conocimientos específicos de vocabulario, gramática, fonética y comunicación.

□ OBJETIVOS

▪ Mejorar y afianzar la fluidez al hablar, la pronunciación y la entonación. ▪ Comprender textos de mayor complejidad proporcional al nivel de conocimientos

adquiridos y afianzar la seguridad necesaria para hablar y desenvolverse en el idioma. ▪ Incorporar y afianzar conocimientos específicos de vocabulario, gramática, fonética y

comunicación.

□ CONTENIDOS MÍNIMOS

✓ Estructuras gramaticales en Pasado Simple. ✓ Estructuras gramaticales en Pasado Continuo. ✓ Pasado Simple vs Pasado Continuo. Usos de cada tiempo verbal. ✓ El verbo “used to”. ✓ Bebidas alcohólicas y no alcohólicas. ✓ Cócteles y tragos. ✓ Comprensión lectora: “Tea ceremony”

“Dairy products/ milk products” “Coffee” “Types of restaurants”

PAST SIMPLE FORM (+) SUBJECT+VERB + ED+PREDICATE. (regular verb) Ex: You called Debbie. (+) SUBJECT+IRREGULAR VERB+PREDICATE (irregular verb) Ex: You had a dog when you were a child (-) SUBJECT+DID+NOT+VERB+PREDICATE. Ex: You did not call Debbie. (?) DID+SUBJECT+VERB+PREDICATE. Ex: Did you call Debbie?

USE 1 Completed Action in the Past. Past Simple is used to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. You can use adverbs of time: yesterday, last night, last month, last year.

Examples:

I saw a movie yesterday. I didn't see a movie yesterday. Last year, I traveled to Japan. Last year, I didn't travel to Korea. Did you have dinner last night? She washed her car. He didn't wash his car.

USE 2 Duration in Past. Past Simple can be used with a duration which starts and stops in the past. A duration is indicated by expressions like: for two years, for five minutes, all day, all year, etc.

Examples:

I lived in Brazil for two years. Shauna studied Japanese for five years. They sat at the beach all day. They did not stay at the party the entire time. We talked on the phone for thirty minutes. A: How long did you wait for them? B: We waited for one hour.

USE 4 Habits in the Past Past Simple can also be used to describe a habit which stopped in the past. We often add expressions like: when I was a child, when I was younger, etc.

Examples:

I studied French when I was a child. He played the violin. He didn't play the piano. Did you play a musical instrument when you were a kid? She worked at the movie theater after school. They never went to school, they always skipped class.

THE VERB TO BE IN THE PAST The past tense of "to be" is used to join a subject with a word or words that tell something about the subject that happened in the past. The verb "to be" is considered an irregular verb. It has 2 forms "was" and "were". I WE HE YOU WERE SHE WAS THEY IT

FORM (+) SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+PREDICATE. (-) SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+NOT+PREDICATE. (?) WAS/WERE+SUBJECT+PREDICATE.

Examples: I was a student. The baby was tired. You were sick. It was a fast car. We were friends. You were friends. The children were happy.

EXERCISES: correct the mistakes. 1. I didn't celebrated New Year's Eve 2. My friends organize a fancy dress party. 3. But they didn't invited me 4. So, I were very sad and lonely 5. My best friends didn't were with me. 6. My cousin visit me in the afternoon 7. But then she go to a party 8. Did you danced on New Year's Eve?

9. I didn't watched TV because there was a horrible programme. 10. Everybody laughed and sing and was very happy 11. But I were not happy, I didn't have a good time

OXFORD

Oxford is a beautiful university town that is famous all over the world. The University of Oxford is the oldest university in Great Britain; it already existed in the 12th century. In the town centre there are many old buildings. There is also a museum where you can learn more about Oxford’s history.

# Grammar Exercise on the Text Write the verbs in past simple. a. The University of Oxford (be) _______________ the first British university. b. The lecturers of the colleges (speak) ___________ a very clear English. c. That's why Oxford English (become) _________ known as the English of educated people. d. In the 19th century, Lewis Carroll (write) ___________ 'Alice's Adventures in Wonderland' in Oxford. e. Rowan Atkinson (Mr Bean) (study) _____________ electrical engineering at Oxford.

Read the text “Tea ceremony”

Using the verb to be

! A. Complete the sentences

Ex: I didn´t watch TV last night. 1. On Saturday I ____________ (play) computer games with my cousins. 2. My mum ____________ (not cook) dinner last night. 3. I ____________ (walk) to school because there weren´t any buses. 4. They ____________ (not dance) at the party. 5. My brother ____________ (travel) to Ireland last summer.

B. Write the verb in the past 1. copy __________ 2. revise __________

3. cycle __________ 4. listen __________ 5. practice __________ 6. play __________ 7. like __________ 8. move __________ 9. shout __________ 10. start __________

C. Put in order. Ex: night? / meet / Did / you / them / last / Did you meet them last night?

1. film? / like / you / Did / the / _________________________________ 2. you / many / did / ask? / How / people / _________________________________ 3. a / have / time? / they / Did / good / _________________________________ 4. did / weekend? / the / What / do / we / at / _________________________________ 5. she / DVD? / Where / that / did / buy / _________________________________ 6. party / on / your / go / Saturday? / he / Did / to / _________________________________ 7. did / yesterday? / Who / you / see / _________________________________

D. Write the sentences correctly

Ex: Who do you met on Saturday morning? X Who did you meet on Saturday morning?

1. Did he went to school yesterday? X 2. Why did you to go home early? X 3. Where you did learn English? X 4. Did she works today? X 5. What do you this yesterday? X 6. Did they last night phone you? X

E. Complete with the verbs in Past Simple.

be – got up – meet – have – go – run – drink – sleep – swim – eat

Yesterday I got up early, at about seven o´clock. 1. I ________ a shower and some fruit for breakfast. 2. Then I ________ to the sports centre. 3. I ________ 500 meters in the swimming pool and then 4. I ________ 5 kilometers. 5. At lunchtime I ________ my friends in a café. 6. We ________ some pasta and ________ some juice. 7. After lunch I ________ for a few hours, I ________ tired!

F. Complete with regular verbs in Past Simple.

1. I opened the door and ___________ (look) inside. 2. Who ___________ (close) all the windows? 3. I ___________ (carry) my mom´s shopping bag. 4. I ___________ (not climb) over the fence. 5. I ___________ (rip) my shirt. 6. The plane ___________ (land) ten minutes ago. 7. We ___________ (live) in that house when I was a baby. 8. My brother ___________ (not cry) when he fell of his bike. 9. We ___________ (walk) to school yesterday. 10. She ___________ (smile) when she saw me. 11. We ___________ (hurry) to the station to catch the train. 12. She ___________ (laugh) when I told her the joke. 13. We ___________ (race) each other on our bikes. 14. Dad ___________ (not help) me with my homework. 15. Helen ___________ (whisper) me a secret. 16. Luis Miguel ___________ (hurry) to catch a bus. 17. We ___________ (return) our books to the library. 18. She ___________ (not kiss) the frog. 19. The frog ___________ (change) into a prince. 20. Two doctors ___________ (rush) into the room. 21. I ___________ (not kick) the ball very hard. 22. Who ___________ (invent) the computer? 23. Dinosaurs ___________ (live) many years ago. 24. It ___________ (not snow) last night. 25. They ___________ (not work) until twelve last night.

G. Complete with irregular verbs in Past Simple.

1. I ___________ (loose) my watch in the park. 2. David ___________ (not hurt) his knee. 3. I kicked the ball and it ___________ (break) a window. 4. My new shoes ___________ (not cost) a lot of money. 5. I ___________ (get) this book from the library. 6. We had a garage where we ___________ (keep) our car. 7. Ali ___________ (cut) his knee. 8. The glass ___________ (fall) off the table. 9. The glass ___________ (not break). 10. We ___________ (sell) our old car. 11. We ___________ (buy) a new car. 12. The bell ___________ (not ring). 13. We all ___________ (go) into school. 14. The dog ___________ (catch) the ball. 15. The man ___________ (not kneel) down. 16. Our cat ___________ (run) onto the road. 17. Jane ___________ (not write) a letter. 18. I ___________ (buy) a new camera last week. 19. We ___________ (drive) to a safari park yesterday. 20. Yesterday Dad ___________ (not take) me to the carnival. 21. Elizabeth ___________ (give) Eva a chocolate. 22. Jack and Jill ___________ (not go) up the hill. 23. Her ring ___________ (cost) ten Euros. 24. I ___________ (put) sugar in my coffee. 25. He ___________ (not hit) the ball over the net.

PAST CONTINUOUS FORM I You She Was They Were He We It

(+) SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+VERB WITH ING+PREDICATE (-) SUBJECT+WAS/WERE+NOT+VER WITH ING+PREDICATE (?) WAS/WERE+SUBJECT+VERB WITH ING+PREDICATE?

We use the Present Continuous when an action or situation in the past was still happening. It can be:

• A temporary action in progress in the past. Ex: I was working at a garage in the holidays last year. • An action that was in progress when something else happened. Ex: I was leaving when he came in. • Two actions in progress at the same time. Ex: I was washing up while Julie was reading a book.

EXCERSISE: complete the sentences with correct form of the verbs in brackets.

1) Dad ____________ (pay) me very well when I ______________ (work) in his shop in the holidays.

2) It ____________ (snow) while we _____________ (make) the snowman. 3) I ____________ (leave) the shop and then I ____________ (see) this

picture, so I ____________ (buy) it. 4) I ____________ (write) to you as soon as I ____________ (know) I

_________ (come) on the 21st

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Past Simple vs Past Continuous

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USED TO

1) We can use the Present Simple to talk about present situations or habits: ➢ Situations:

My sister works as a secretary. Andrew lives in London.

➢ Habits: Peter usually wears jeans. I often eat a sandwich for lunch.

2) Look at these sentences with the Past Simple: ➢ Situation:

Henry lived in France for many years. ➢ Habit:

When I was young, I ran three miles every day.

The verbs are in the Past Simple and the sentences are about past situations or habits.

3) Look at these sentences with used to: Jill used to live in Ireland. Many people used to make their own bread. My husband used to work at home.

We use used to to talk about a past situation or habit that continued for months or years, and to emphasize that the situation today is different:

Jill doesn’t live in Ireland now. Nowadays people usually buy bread from a shop. My husband doesn’t work at home now.

Compare the Pas Simple and used to: ➢ Past Simple:

When he was young, he ran three miles every day. (He may or may not run three miles every day now)

➢ Used to: When I was young, I used to run three miles every day. I don’t do that nom. (I don’t run three miles every day now)

We make negative sentences and questions with did + use to: Sue didn’t use to like black coffee. Paul didn’t use to smoke a pipe. Did Alan use to cycle to school? Did your parents use to read to you?

4) We do not use use to for present situations or habits; we use the Present Simple: Ann Sings in a band (NOT Ann uses to sing in a band)

Joe doesn’t cycle to school. (NOT He doesn’t use to cycle)

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c) Complete the sentences to say what these people used to do and what they do now, as in the example

Ex: Andrew/get up/seven o’clock/now/half past seven

Andrew used to get up at seven o’clock, but now he gets up at half past seven.

1) Dan/play/violin/now/guitar

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2) Susan/have/dancing lessons/now/riding lessons

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3) I/buy cassettes/now/CDs

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4) John and Jean/live/London/now/Madrid

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5) David/drive/Fiesta/now/Jaguar

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COCKTAILS AND DRINKS

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Write sentences with the vocabulary!

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READING COMPREHENSION

TEA CEREMONY The legendary origin of tea

The story of how the drinking of tea originated is very interesting. In 2737 B.C., Emperor Shen Nong, was visiting a distant region of his realm and he and his court stopped to rest. The servants began to boil water, for hygienic purposes, for all to drink. By chance, dried leaves from nearby were said to have fallen into the boiling water, creating a brownish liquid. When the emperor tasted it and found it to have an interesting, refreshing flavor, they made more. According to the legend, this is the beginning of tea drinking!

In China in 800 A.D. Lu Yu wrote the first definitive book on tea, called the Cha Ching. He codified the various methods of tea cultivation and preparation in ancient China.

In Japan, the Buddhist Priest Yeisei first brought tea seeds to Japan from China. He had seen the value of the tea ceremony for use in enhancing religious meditation. As a result, he is known as the Father of Tea in Japan and tea spread rapidly from the royal court and monasteries to all of Japanese society.

Tea Arrives in England

The first samples of tea reached England between 1652 and 1654, and it became England's national drink. It was the nobility that gave tea its approval. Both King Charles ll and his wife were both tea drinkers. And, although tea prices were high, tea spread through England just as it had the other countries.

Breakfast and dinner were the two meals that were commonly served. But it didn't take long before Anna, the Duchess of Bedford, adopted the European tea service format and invited friends to join her. The menu centered around small cakes, sandwiches, assorted sweets and, of course, tea. This idea was copied and serving tea became a common thread for almost all families in England. Tea was made in a heated silver pot and brought to the guests and was served in the finest porcelain from China.

ENGLISH TEA PARTY A typical semi-formal British tea ritual might run as follows (the host performing all actions unless noted):

+ The kettle is boiled and water poured into a tea pot. + Water is swirled around the pot to warm it and then poured out. + Loose tea leaves (or tea bags) are then added to the pot. + Water is added to the pot and allowed to brew for several minutes. + Milk may be added to the tea cup. + A tea strainer is placed over the top of the cup and the tea poured in. + The tea is given to guests and they are allowed to add milk and sugar to their taste. + The pot will normally hold enough tea so as not to be empty after filling the cups of all the guests.

DAIRY PRODUCTS/ MILK PRODUCTS

This food group includes milk and milk products – cheese and yoghurt - but not butter, margarine or cream. They belong in the fat and sweets group.

Varieties of milk

Supermarkets now stock many different varieties of milk. The most common around the world is cow's milk, but others include sheep and goat's milk, as well as a number of plant-based substitutes - including soya, rice, oat and almond milk - for those with lactose intolerance.

Milk in the UK (generally cow's milk) is distinguishable by its fat content. Whole or full-fat milk contains about 3.5 per cent fat. Semi-skimmed contains about 1.7 per cent fat. Skimmed milk contains 0.1 to 0.3 per cent fat

Yoghurt is rich in protein and vitamin B2: essentially the same nutrients as in milk. Some varieties contain living bacteria that are healthy for your digestive system (probiotics). Yoghurt can be made from whole or low fat milk. Fruit yoghurts often contain added sugar. Low fat doesn't necessarily mean low calories. Look for 'diet' versions, or make your own by mixing fruit with natural, low fat, unsweetened yoghurt.

Cheese contains the same beneficial nutrients as milk, but most cheeses contain much more saturated fat and high levels of added salt, so it's important to only eat full-fat cheese occasionally and in small portions. It’s one of the most used ingredients for breakfast around the world. It is a milk based solid food. Cheese can be prepared from cow, sheep, goat and other mammal milk.

The basic procedure of preparing cheese is by curdling milk and further acidification.

Hundreds of types of cheese exist all over the world. The types of cheese exist due to the the kind of milk (from different animals) and the diet of the animal the milk is taken from, specific species of molds and bacteria, the length of aging, the methods of making it, the fat content and the whether the texture of the cheese is hard or soft. Other factors which determine the type of cheese is the herbs, spices, or wood smoke may be used as flavoring agents. The yellow to red color of many cheeses is from adding annatto.

COFFEE

Coffee is a drink prepared from roasted seeds, called coffee beans, of the coffee plant. They are seeds of coffee cherries that grow on trees in over 70 countries, cultivated primarily in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa. Green unroasted coffee is one of the most traded agricultural commodities in the world. Due to its caffeine content, coffee often has a stimulating effect on humans. Today, coffee is the third most popular drink in the world, behind water and tea.

Coffee Types There are two main species of bean, arabica and robusta. Both thrive in equatorial regions. The most desirable coffee is grown in altitudes about 3000 feet. The altitude produces more elegant, complex flavors in the coffee cherries which contain the beans. The fruit must be hand-picked from trees which can bear flowers, green fruit, and ripe cherries all at the same time.

The outer pulp of the coffee cherry are removed to reveal two beans, which are then cleaned, dried, graded and hand-inspected. The beans range in color from pale green to dark yellow when raw. They are exported in their raw state for roasting, blending and grinding at their final destination. Most commercial companies use primarily robusta and arabica in their blends.

Robusta is mainly grown in the following regions: Western and Central Africa (Ivory Coast, Cameroon, Uganda, Angola, etc.), Malaysia (Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Java, etc.), Brazil and India.

Arabica is mainly grown in the following regions: Central America (Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama), South America (Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina), India, Eastern Africa (Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Mozambique) and Papua New Guinea.

Different characteristics of these types of coffee blends • American (regular) roast: beans are medium-roasted, resulting in a moderate brew, not too light or too heavy in flavor.

• French roast and dark French roast: heavily-roasted beans, a deep chocolate brown which produce a stronger coffee.

• Italian roast: glossy, brown-black, strongly flavored, used for espresso.

• European roast: two-thirds heavy-roast beans blended with one-third regular-roast.

• Viennese roast: one-third heavy-roast beans blended with two-thirds regular-roast.

• Instant coffee: a powder made of heat-dried freshly brewed coffee.

• Freeze-dried coffee: brewed coffee that has been frozen into a slush before the water is evaporated, normally more expensive that instants but with a superior flavor.

• Decaffeinated coffee: caffeine is removed from the beans before roasting via the use of a chemical solvent (which disappears completely when the beans are roasted) or the Swiss water process which steams the beans and then scrapes off the caffeine-laden outer layers.

Many of the cheaper blends have a higher proportion of robusta compared to arabica. Some high quality blends use a small quantity of the very best robusta beans to give body and character to the blends, particularly in espresso blends.

TYPES OF RESTAURANT

Brasserie, bistro, pub It is a café that functions as a restaurant and serves single dishes and other meals in a relaxed setting. The prices are moderated. In the UK, pubs (short for public house) offer beer and other alcohol along with basic food fare. Traditionally, pubs were primarily drinking establishments but the modern pub serves food as well and they are called gastropubs.

Fast food restaurants Two types: take-outs and sit-down restaurant (fast food restaurants in which you can sit down). A common feature of fast food restaurants is a lack of cutlery, the customer is expected to eat the food directly from the container it was served in using their hands.

There are various types of fast-food restaurant: • one collects food from a counter and pays, then sits down and starts eating (self-

service restaurant); sub-varieties: one collects ready portions

one serves oneself from containers one is served at the counter

Automat An automat is a fast food restaurant where simple food and drinks are served by vending machines. A few automats still exist today for example in New York City and The Netherlands.

Family style Restaurants that have a fixed menu and fixed price, usually with dinners seated at a communal table such as on bench seats. They can still be found in rural communities or vacation lodges. There is no menu to choose from, rather food is brought out in courses. Typical examples can include BBQ restaurants, hunting/fishing lodges. Some normal restaurants will mix elements of family style, such as a table salad or bread bowl that is included as part of the meal.

Trattoria An Italian eating club. There are no menus, the service is casual, the prices low, and the emphasis is on a steady clientele. The food is modest but plentiful and is served family-style.

Vocabulary

Infini%ve simple  past past  par%ciple

Be was/were Been

I  am I  was I  have  been

he  is he  was he  has  been

we  are we  were we  have  been

Beat beat beaten

Become became become

Begin began begun

bet* bet bet

Blow blew blown

Break broke broken

Bring brought brought

Build built built

Burst burst burst

Buy bought bought

Catch caught caught

Choose chose chosen

Come came come

Cost cost cost

Cut cut cut

Deal dealt dealt

Do did done

Draw drew drawn

Drink drank drunk

Drive drove driven

Eat ate eaten

Fall fell fallen

Feed fed fed

Feel felt felt

Fight fought fought

Find found found

Fly flew flown

Forget forgot forgo@en

Freeze froze frozen

Get got got,  go@en  (AE)

Give gave given

Go went gone

Grow grew grown

Hang hung hung

Have had had

Hear heard heard

Hide hid hidden

Hit hit hit

Hold held held

Hurt hurt hurt

Keep kept kept

Know knew known

Lay laid laid

Lead led led

Leave leK leK

Lend lent lent

Let let let

Lie lay lain

light* lit lit

Lose lost lost

Make made made

Mean meant meant

Meet met met

Pay paid paid

Put put put

Read read read

Ride rode ridden

Ring rang rung

Rise rose risen

Run ran run

Say said said

See saw seen

Sell sold sold

Send sent sent

Set set set

Shake shook shaken

Steal stole stolen

Shine shone shone

Shoot shot shot

show* showed shown

Shut shut shut

Sing sang sung

Sink sank sunk

Sit sat sat

Sleep slept slept

Slide slid slid

Speak spoke spoken

Spend spent spent

Spring sprang sprung

Stand stood stood

SPck stuck stuck

Swear swore sworn

Sweep swept swept

Swim swam swum

Swing swung swung

Take took taken

Teach taught taught

Tear tore torn

Tell told told

Think thought thought

Throw threw thrown

Understand understood understood

wake* woke woken

Wear wore worn

Weave wove woven

Win won won

Write wrote wri@en