Ingeotm Fabric and Films, Providing Sustainable Material Options

Robert Green - Natureworks

Americas Ingeo Fibers / Nonwovens / New Business Development Director

• Established in 1997

• Global stand-alone organization as a JV partnership between Cargill and Teijin

• Several hundred million dollar capital investment– Unique and extensive

patent positionprotects the science behind the technology

• World’s first and largest biopolymer manufacturing facility– 300 million pound

name plate capacity

Our Mission:

To be the global leader in producing plastics from renewable resources, dedicated to meeting the world's needs today without

compromising the earth's ability to meet the needs of tomorrow.

Flexible, Films& CoatingsServiceware Rigid Containers

Consumer Goods

Bottles

Nonwovens Home & Office Textile Apparel

How is Ingeo made . . .

Ourpartners

sugar(dextrose)

Plants

Carbon dioxide and water

manufacturing

KurarayUnitika

• FIT

Toray

Far Eastern• RadiciAntex ••

O’MaraAccent

•

Globally:Globally:• > 200 licensed producers in total• > 320 licensed products (yarns, knits, wovens, wadding, nonwovens, finished

products, etc,• Recently added fiber producers and now adding spunbond nonwovens Ingeo licensees

Ingeo Fiber Global Partners

FIT

DS Fibers

CL Fiber

Palmetto Synthetics

Huvis

Ingeo™

Ingeo means: Ingredients from the Earth (geo = greek for earth)

The only man-made fiber derived 100% annually renewable resources – not oil

Ingeo™ Innovations are made uniquely from Natureworks biopolymer

Consumers are aware

Consumers expect retailers and brand owners to take a small step on their behalf.

The environment – production input

Natureworks biopolymer uses less fossil fuel from raw material to final polymer than any of its

incumbents

Fossil energy use (raw material and fuel)

Reference:

-Nylons, PET, PE, PP: PlasticsEurope.

-PTTs: Patel et al, Medium and long-term opportunities and risks of the biotechnological production of bulk chemicals from renewable resources (Not published yet).

-PLA1: NatureWorks LLC

NatureWorksPLA

Greenhouse gas emission

Natureworks biopolymer gives significantly less greenhouse gas emission from raw material to final polymer than any of

its incumbents

The environment - production output

Reference:

-Nylons, PET, PE, PP: PlasticsEurope.

-PTTs: Patel et al, Medium and long-term opportunities and risks of the biotechnological production of bulk chemicals from renewable resources (Not published yet).

-PLA1: NatureWorks LLC

NatureWorksPLA

Environmental Benefits Calculator

Weight ofPart Weight

25 gaPET 34,738 3.2 5,646 0.9

PLA1 + REC 11,221 0.0 7,102 1.125 g 23,517 3.2 -1,456.9 -0.2

(PLA1 + Renewable Energy Certs (based on wind power) to offset GHG) 68% 100% -26% -23%

aPET 551,160 22,258 2,251,700 250,527 23,482,732 1,023,500PLA1 + REC 551,160 10,099 598,200 250,527 10,655,024 271,910

0 12,159 1,653,500 0 12,827,708 751,5900% 55% 73% 0% 55% 73%

31,316.33.8

253.1

Acres of Forest Preserved from DeforestationPropane cylinders used for home barbeques

Railcars of coal burnedTons of waste recycled instead of landfilled

10.196.5

19,271.5170.8

10,000,000

Gallons of Gasoline Saved per year

Impact of Using PLA over Other Polymer for number & Type of Items Selected (Equivalents based on EPA calculations*)

Liters of Gasoline Saved per year

162.7134.5

85,602.5324,433.5

Passenger Cars not Driven for 1 yearPassenger cars and light-duty trucks not driven for 1 year

Barrels of Oil Saved per yearTanker Trucks of Gasoline Saved per year

Equivalent Number Household's Annual Electricity UseNumber of Tree Seedlings Grown for 10 Years

Acres of Pine or Fir Forests Storing Carbon for 1 Year

1,747.9

6.2

PLA Improvement

Fossil Energy, MJ

GHG, Kg CO2 eq.

Processed Multiple ItemsPer Specified

Number of Parts Quantity, lb

Fossil Energy, MM BTU

GHG, lb CO2 eq.

Quantity, Kg

GHG, lb CO2 eq/lb

Process AddersThermoform Cup/Tray

PLA Improvement

October 25, 2005

Number of Parts

Process & Polymer Selection

Fossil Energy, BTU/lb

GHG, lb CO2 eq/lb

Pellet

Per Unit Weight

Select a "Conversion Process", then "Other Polymer" & "PLA Type", then enter part weight for each polymer and the "Number of Parts"

Fossil Energy, BTU/lb

Thermoform Cup/Tray

PLA1 + REC

aPETConversion Process

Other Polymer

PLA Type

Select Conversion

Process

Select Traditional

Polymer

Select Ingeo Technology

“Type”

Specify Part

Weight

Specify Number of Parts

Absolute & Percent

Reduction

Reductions in Layman’s

Terms

It’s altogether a better convenience solution around the home. Better for the planet, so better for you, your family and business too.

“Did you know that if you convert the PET polymer

used in one million wipes to Ingeo™ fiber, it would give the fossil energy savings

equivalent to 3,700 gallons of gasoline, and the greenhouse

gas savings equivalent to driving an average car more

than 81,000 miles?”

² These benefits are provided as an example and are based on the eco-profile of NatureWorks®, and available data on PET. Assumes the replacement of 10.0 grams PET in a standard wipe with 9.1 g Ingeo™ fiber, with no changes in the eco-footprint associated with the downstream processing from polymer to finished wipe.

“

”

Disposal options for NatureWorks® biopolymer and petrochemical based polymers

Traditional Polymers:Incineration

Mechanical recycling

LandfillChemical recycling (very limited)

NatureWorks® biopolymer:Incineration (Clean burning, Energy recovery)

Mechanical recycling (Reuse of materials)

Landfill (no toxic leachate)

Chemical recycling (permanent reuse)

Composting (no toxics, volume reduction, C sequestration, water mgmt, soil fertility)

More flexibility f (local situation: infrastructure collection & processing, legislation, waste stream composition, public perception, available volume in the market..)

=> More sustainable solutions can be created

Embrittlement begins

Complete Fragmentation

Polymer Hydrolysis

Lactic acid and Oligomers Biodegradation

0 10 20 30 40

10,000

30,000

50,000

70,000

0

20

40

60

80

100

Time (Days)

Num. Avg. Mol. Wt. (Mn) % CO2 Evolved

% CO2

Mn

Biodegradation Mechanism For Ingeo (In Compost At 60oC)

Comparative degradation under composting conditions

Specific conditions for composting*:

Incubation chamber with mature compost

58° Celsius

90% relative humidity

*Conditions taken from the American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard D5338. Standard Test Method for Determining Aerobic Biodegradation of Plastic Materials Under Controlled Composting Conditions.

Original

Comparative degradation under composting conditions

30 days60 days88 days107 days

Ingeo™ fibre

PTT

Cotton

Ingeo™ fibre

Silk

CottonIngeo™ fibre

wipe Wool

Lyocell Viscose

Molecular Weight vs Time over a range of Temperatures100% RH

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

75000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108

120

132

144

156

168

180

192

204

216

228

240

252

264

276

288

300

312

324

336

348

360

Time (months)

Mol

ecul

ar W

eigh

t (M

n)

20C 25C 30C

Polymer becomes brittle

Molecular Weight vs Time over a range of Temperatures75% RH

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

75000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108

120

132

144

156

168

180

192

204

216

228

240

252

264

276

288

300

312

324

336

348

360

Time (months)

Mol

ecul

ar W

eigh

t (M

n)

20C 25C 30C

Polymer becomes brittle

Molecular Weight vs Time over a range of Temperatures50% RH

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

75000

0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108

120

132

144

156

168

180

192

204

216

228

240

252

264

276

288

300

312

324

336

348

360

Time (months)

Mol

ecul

ar W

eigh

t (M

n)

20C 25C 30C

Polymer becomes brittle

UV Performance

Some Nonwoven Examples

• Nonwovens segment offering fastest growth in fibers applications today

• Excellent balance of performance, environmental benefits and end of life options

• Full range of products available today

Wipes/Nonwovens / Fem Hy products Commercial products

• Wicking RateSuperior to PET over all

time increments• Loft

Yields greater thickness for similar mass vs. PET

• AbsorptionFaster absorbency vs.

PET• Strength

Greater elongation and tensile strength

• “Natural” Positioning• Independent test data BTTG UK 2003

First Adopter-WIP

Fem Hygiene

Early Adopters - HealthQuest

Natural Choice® introduces a NEWNEW line of Environmentally-Sensitive Products that fully balance Nature, Performance and Environment contemporary needs

•20-30% less petroleum-based materials vs. the Leading Brands

•30-40% more sustainable materials vs. the Leading Brands

•Comparable performance to NB High / Super Premium products

Natural

Eliminates release of chlorine-based derivatives into the

environmentBlend of traditional SAP and bio-based absorbent material

Environment

Ingeo™fiber, made from a plant-based annually renewable resource

Performance

Totally Chlorine-Free PulpNew Nonwoven Materials Natural Absorbent

Eliminates release of chlorine-based derivatives into the

environment

Ingeo™ SpunbundWeed barrier fabric from Easy Gardener

nonwoven• Suominen Nonwovens’ Biolace,

spunlaced nonwoven, represents a great step towards sustainable single use products.

• Biolace marks a new, more sustainable era in the world of nonwovens.

• Biolace is produced solely from renewable raw materials – natural fibres or fibres from renewable sources – and is 100% biodegradable and compostable.

• To ensure sustainability throughout the procurement chain, Suominen Nonwovens only uses Ingeo™ fibers and cotton, chlorine-free pulp and viscose sourced from certified forests, for example.

• Intended to complement Suominen Nonwovens’ other products, Biolace is ideal for numerous wipe applications, ranging from baby and personal care to cleaning.

400300

200 124/114125/120

128/123130/125

133/125

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

140%

Cal Temp (C)(E/S)

Nip Press (PLI)

Tensile

(% of PP)(RMS* of MD & CD Tens)

PLA Bico Spunbond - Tensile Comparison (30gsm - 6302/6202 - 20/80)

Tensiles represented as % of P P control - 30gsm, 1.4dpf, identical bond patterns & bond area.* RMS: % Calculations based upon Root Mean Square of MD & CD Tensiles.

1-meter Biax Demo MB System

FIBER PROPERTIES COMPARISON

FIBER PROPERTY

NYLON 6 PET Acrylics PLA RAYON COTTON SILK WOOL

Specific Gravityo

1.14 1.39 1.18 1.25 1.52 1.52 1.34 1.31

Tm (oC)

Tenacity (g/d)

215

5.5

255 320 (degrades)6.0 4.0

130-175

6.0

None

2.5

None

4.0

None

4.0

None

1.6

Moisture regain(%)

4.1 0.2-0.4 1.0 -2.0 0.4-0.6 11 7.5 10 14-18

Elastic Recovery(5% strain)

89 65 50 93 32 52 52 69

Heat ofCombustion

(MJ/kg)

31 25-30 31 19 17 17 - 21

Flammability Mediumsmoke;melts

High smoke Mediumburns 6 minafter flameremoved

Low smoke;burns 2 minafter flameremoved

Burns Burns Burns Burns slowly;self-

extinguishing

LOI (%)

UV resistance

20-24

Poor

20-22 18

Fair Excellent

26+

Excellent

17-19

Poor

16-17

Fair-Poor

-

Fair-Poor

24-25

Fair

Refractive Index

Contact Angle ()

1.52

70

1.54 1.50

82 -

1.35-1.45

76

1.52

-

1.53

-

1.54

-

1.54

-

Wicking (L-Wslope; higherslope, more

wicking

- 0.7-0.8 -(no finish)

6.3-7.5(no finish)19-26 (with

finish)

- - - -

NATURAL FIBERSSYNTHETHIC FIBERS

Melt spinnable Natural Based

32

Nonwoven processing

• Needle punch and Spunlace – No special machinery or techniques

required

• Resin bonded– Low temperature binders must be used

• Thermal bond – Low melt fiber available

• Spun bond – More technically challenging, best for newer

high speed equipment– Commercial products available

• Melt blown– Under development

Today’s Range of Flexible Films

• Converters note high clarity, gloss, stiffness, twist retention and barrier properties:– Packaging films for fresh

food – Window films for bread

bags and bakery boxes– Labels films

• PSA• Shrink• Cut & Stack

– Twist wrap– Lidding films for trays

Typical Ingeo Film Properties

Blown Tentered

Ultimate Tensile

Strength MD/TD (PSI)

8,000

8,000

11,000

13,000

Elongation to Break (%)

5

3

45

33

Modulus (PSI) 396,000

320,000

385,000

410,000

Haze < 4 2 – 3

Gloss (60°) 125 100

PLA Film Partner Portfolio

Blown Film Tentered Film

Plastics Suppliers

EarthfirstTM

Window – 26, 29, 32 µm

1.05,1.15 1.25 mil

Label – 30, 41, & 51 µm 1.2, 1.6, 2.0 mil

Carton – 25 & 30 µm

1.0 & 1.2 mil

Floral – 30 & 41 µm

1.2 & 1.6 mil

In development

Bi-ax International

Evlon®

N/A 15, 20, 25, 40 & 50 µm

(0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.6, & 2.0 mil)

Film Application Examples

• NatureWorks LLC Film applications reflect European, Asian and North American based markets and resulting customer success

• Regional, cultural and consumer needs differ• Film partner capabilities differ

Flexible bags for ready–to-eat salads

Opportunity – Use natural packaging to differentiate product on store shelves. A natural fit with organic brand preferred by brandowner, Il Melegrano.

NatureWorks PLA Solution –Replaced Polypropylene film with:

• mono- layer 40µm film supplied by Treofan (Germany)

• Industrial packed on automated equipment

Initial Launch – First introduction by brand owner, Il Melograno (Italy), in 2003 in retail chains Finiper and Conad.

Results –Highly transparent , glossy, and easily printable with extended shelf life of 2 days

• Crispy touch and sound of packaging emphasize freshness of food product

Branding Efforts –

Printing NatureWorks PLA logo and sustainability story on back of bag a way to differentiate and connect with consumers

Packaging for fresh prepared foods

Opportunity – Replace petroleum based packaging with sustainable alternative to improve Italian consumers’ perception of fresh foods.

NatureWorks PLA Solution –Replace PP container and PP film with:PLA container made by Veriplast (UK) and heat sealable 40 µm lidding film from Treofan (Germany)

Initial Launch – Introduced in 2002 by Finiper (Italy) in Iper format stores.

Results –• Highly transparent, glossy and

printable lidding film• Equal product shelf life (3 days)• Packaged in store at time of purchase

- also enhancing fresh perception

Branding Efforts –

• Message printed on film lidding and NatureWorks PLA logo tray embossments

• In store signage in fresh foods section

• Consumer leaflets, employee training, special in store promotional events in summer

Film Windows for bakery bags

Opportunity – Bakery Packaging as fresh as the bread

NatureWorks Ingeo Solution –Replace conventional film window on paper bag with Ingeo film

Initial Launch – Retail chains Coop (Italy), Iper (Italy) and Spar (Austria) introduced tomato punnets in 2003.

Results –• Highly Transparent to showcase

baked goods.• Excellent clarity and gloss.• Excellent film vapor transmission

allows for the cooling process to be skipped prior to packaging and ensures the desired crisp crust.

Branding Efforts –Consumer advertisingMessaging on package seams

40

Summary

• Ingeo fibers provide an environmentally friendly annually renewable plant based raw material option for a variety of fiber and film applications allowing product differentiation and the ability to meet increasing environmentally conscious consumer needs

• Up to 75% less fossil fuel and up to 90% less greenhouse gases produced vs traditional petrochemically derived polymers

• A full range of Ingeo fiber and film products are commercially available today via our customers

Thank You!