SAMARKAND

TREBIZOND

ISLAHAN

BAGHDAD

CAIRO

MECCA

COCHIN

MALACCA

SURABAYA

CALCUTTA

HOOGHLY

CANTON

HANGCHOW

EDO(TOKYO)

FOOCHOW

TRIPOLITUNISLISBON

LONDON

VENICE

HAMBURG

MARSEILLE

ALEXANDRIA

PARIS

ANTWERP

GENOA

CONSTANTINOPLE

SAMARKAND

CONSTANTINOPLE

SURABAYA

EUROPEWoolens, linen,

metalware, silver,

wine, horses,

soap

CHINASilks, drugs,

perfumes,

porcelain, ginger

CEYLONCinnamon,

precious stones,

ivory

EAST INDIES

Spices, camphor

OLD SPICE ROUTE

Spice baron's

Yale connection

Elihu Yale, considered

to be the fi rst-ever

American millionaire, owes

his wealth to spice trade.

Yale, who had served as the

governor of Fort St George

in Madras, made his for-

tune by dabbling in private

business (spices and dia-

monds). As he had given a

collection of books and

goods to build a col-

lege in America, the

college was named

after him. Over

the centuries, the

college has grown

into Yale University.

INDIAPepper, cottons,

precious

stones, sugar,

dyestuffs

109 NUMBER OF PLANT SPECIES LISTED BY THE

INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION FOR STANDARDIZATION (ISO), THAT ARE USED AS SPICES AND HERBS

52 NUMBER OF SPICES BROUGHT UNDER THE PURVIEW OF SPICES BOARD, THE

NODAL AGENCY FOR PROMOTION OF INDIAN SPICES ABROAD

$ 12 BILLION SIZE OF GLOBAL SEASONING, HERBS AND SPICES INDUSTRY IN 2014

BLACK PEPPER

WHITE PEPPER

CARDAMOM

TURMERIC

CUMIN

CHILLI

GINGER

CELERY SEED

MUSTARD

ANISEED

ASAFOETIDA

THYME

CINNAMON

TAMARIND

TARRAGONDILL SEED

FENNEL SEED

FENUGREEK

MACE

NUTMEG

RED PEPPER

VANILLA

SAFFRON

ROSEMARY

POPPY SEED

GARLIC

CURRY LEAF

CLOVES

LEMON GRASS

CHIVES

CORIANDER

ONION

OREGANO

PARSLEY

SHALLOTS

STAR ANISE

SZECHUAN PEPPERBAY LEAVES

SAGE

PAPRIKA

SAVORY

CARAWAY SEED

CHERVIL

BASIL

MINT

ALLSPICE

ANCHO CHILE

KOLA NUTS

ARROWROOT

MARJORAM

MINT FLAKES

TONGA

MALAYSIA

TAHITI

INDONESIA

SRI LANKA

THAILAND

VIETNAM

CHINA

SYRIATURKEYROMANIAGREECEPOLANDHUNGARY NETHERLANDS

CROATIA

FRANCE

SPAIN

CANADA

US

MEXICO

GUATEMALA

HONDURAS

JAMAICA

PERU

GRENADA

BRAZIL

MOROCCO

IVORY COAST

NIGERIA

ALBANIA

PAKISTAN

IRAN

UGANDA

MADAGASCAR

SEYCHELLES

COMOROS

WORLD'S SPICE

EXPORTERS

A TWIST IN THE TRADEThe lure of an exotic dried seed from south India brought the rest of the world to Indian shores, shaped geo-politics for centuries and aided the formation of a global economy. The world’s love for black pepper & other Indian spices triggered wars, resulted in the discovery of sea routes and shaped the fortunes of towns. Now, India’s hold over the global spice trade is receding. In 2015-

16, Vietnam exported a whopping 133,569 tonnes of black pepper, while India managed only 28,100 tonnes, reports Shenoy Karun

US

41%

UK

8%NETHERLANDS

5%

CANADA

3%

FRANCE

2%

GERMANY

6%

ITALY

4%

JAPAN

3%

2%

AUSTRAILA

2%

INDIA'S PEPPER EXPORT

INDIA

843,255Total export

(Quantity in tonnes, FY16)

347,50024,800

88,50040,100

98,7005,800

15,32033,300

11,63522,500

4,05021,150

26,55015,350

53,800

Pepper

Cardamom (L)

Ginger

Coriander

Celery

Fenugreek

Garlic

Mint products

Tamarind

Cardamom (S)

Chilli

Turmeric

Cumin

Fennel

Spice oils & oleoresins

Nutmeg & mace

Curry powder/Paste

Other spices

133,569 SOURCE: IPC & INDUSTRY SOURCES

1,335

17,900

1985

1995

19,536

24,541

28,1002015

PEPPER : VIETNAM

RISES, INDIAFALLS

INDIAN SPICE

EXPORTS

GUATEMALA

JAMAICA

GRENADA

tonnes, FY16)

855

10,000 – 30,000Serrano pepper | Pe-ter pepper | Chile de árbol | Aleppo pepper | Chungyang Red Pepper | Peperoncino

8,55,000 – 22,00,000Komodo Dragon Chili Pepper | Trinidad Moruga Scorpion | Naga Viper pepper | Infi nity Chilli | Naga Morich | Bhut Jolokia (ghost pepper) | Trinidad Scorpion Butch T pepper | Bedfordshire Super Naga | Spanish Naga Chili | Carolina Reaper

3,50,000 – 5,80,000Red Savina habanero

1,00,000 – 3,50,000Habanero chili | Scotch bonnet pepper | Datil pepper | Rocoto | Madame Jeanette | Peruvian White Habanero | Jamaican hot pepper | Fatalii Wiri Wiri | Bird's eye chili

30,000 – 50,000Guntur chilli | Cayenne pepper | Ají pepper | Tabasco pepper | Capsicum chinense

50,000 – 1,00,000Byadgi chilli | Malagueta pepper | Chiltepin pepper | Piri piri | Pequin pep-per | Siling Labuyo | Capsicum Apache

1,000 – 3,500Gochujang | Pasilla pep-per | Peppadew | poblano (or ancho) | Poblano verde | Rocotillo pepper | Espelette pepper

100 – 1,000Banana pepper | Cubanelle | paprika | PimentoBell pepper 0

3,500 – 10,000Guajillo pepper | Fresno pepper | Jala-peño | Hungarian wax pepper

SCOVILLE SCALETHIS SCALE WAS

DEVELOPED IN 1912 BY WILBUR SCOVILLE TO MEASURE THE

PUNGENCY OF CHILLI PEPPERS (WHICH DOESN’T INCLUDE

BLACK PEPPER)

*VALUES IN SCOVILLE HEAT UNITS

INDIA VIETNAM

28,1005,500600

Graphics: Karthic R

CAMEROON

SOURCE: GOVERNMENT OF INDIA

EGYPT