Influence of Technology in

EducationBy

M.VijayalakshmiAssistant Professor

Meaning of Technology• The use of scientific knowledge to meet the

needs of daily life or the practical form of scientific knowledge is called technology

• When the knowledge of science is used in the practical tasks, then it is called technology

• Paul Saettler –• “The word technology does not necessarily

imply the use of machines, as many seen to think, but refers to any practical art using scientific knowledge”

Concept - Technology in Education

• Use of technological hardware in education• Mainly concerned with electrical and electronic gadgets

which are used to facilitate the teaching-learning process

• Saettler (1978) distinguishes -• Technology of education – is a behavioural science• Radio programmes, television programmes, computer

programmes, OHP transparencies – based on scientific knowledge of education

• Technology in education – is a machine conception of education technology

• Radio, Television, OHP, Computer, Tape Recorder, etc.,

Characteristics of Teaching Technology• Teaching technology can make the teaching more

effective• Pupil-teachers and in-service teachers can have the

advantage of teaching technology• In this technology, assistance can be sought from

philosophy, sociology and psychology• In teaching technology, input, process and output

are involved• Objectives of all the three domains namely

Cognitive, Affective & Psychomotor Domains, Can be achieved by using this technology

• With the help of teaching technology, teaching from memory level to reflective level can be organized

Need of Technology

• Increasing the effectiveness of Teaching-Learning process• Maximising the Output• Optimum use of Resources

Scope of Technology

• Mass education• Historical Information• Costly and Hazardous experiments• Gaming and simulation• Distance education• Collection, storing and retrieval of

information • Research

Role of Technology in Education

Technology of instruction can make an ordinary person capable of superior performance and a means, either printed or electronic, to distribute that instruction

• Technology of Education includes • Mechanism of instructional process

in the classroom situations• Levels of teaching• Principal operations and • Establishing relations between

learning theories and teaching operations

Working areas of Technology

• Area of Curriculum Construction • Selection of Teaching-Learning Strategies• Selection of Audio-Visual Material• Determination of Educational Objectives• Areas of Teachers Training• Area of Feedback• Area of Hardwares

Areas in which Technology has Influenced Education

• Curriculum and development• Revolutionary change in teaching and

learning methodology and practices• Shift in emphasis from teaching to learning • Media application in education and the

development of media taxonomy• Quantitative and qualitative expansion of

education

• Emphasis on non-formal education and special education systems

• New assessment criteria and procedures• Emphasis and research, continued evaluation

and recycling process in education• New role and position of teachers and an

increasing emphasis on in-service training of teachers

• Appearance of resource libraries and teacher’s centres

• Changes in structural patterns of educational organisations to facilitate interaction between programme producers, course designers and users

• Application of economic considerations and cost-effective criterion in education

• Use of ET in the field of lifelong and continuing education

Technology’s Role in Improvement of Quantity and Quality of Education

• In education, ‘learning’ is more important than ‘teaching’

• Learning is concerned with pupils• Teaching is concerned with pupils and teachers• Olden days – teacher – source of knowledge• Modern days – textbook, author, the radio

programme, the film-producer and many others now assist in the learning process

• Traditional classroom – 1 teacher and 30 or 40 students

• One-way communication of information• No longer effective for modern days• Two general factors – ‘information

explosion’ and ‘population explosion’• More things to be learnt and more

individuals to learn

• Technology consisting of various media of mass communication, suitable child-learning process and modern testing and evaluation techniques

• Both quantitative expansion as well as qualitative improvement of education can be facilitated and accelerated with the help of technology

Today a technology of education is being developed with the aim not only of making education more widely available, but also of improving the quality of education which is already available

- Apter

Classification of Media• Projected AidsFilms, film strips, slides, opaque projection

and overhead projection• Non-projected AidsGraphic Aids, Display Boards,3-Dimensional Aids,Audio-aids,Activity Aids

Advances in Technology• Dial Access • Educational Television• Video• Interactive Video• Videotex• Teleconferencing• E-mail• Computer• Artificial Intelligence (AI)• Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI)• Local Area Network (LAN)• CD-ROM (Compact Disc-Read Only Memory)• Digital Video Interactive (DVI)

Role of Technology in Different Stages of Education

Primary EducationPlay-way Method and MaterialsGames and ToysGraphic MaterialsAudio ProgrammesTV and Video

Secondary Education Audio Media Video Media Computer EducationHigher Education Big and Little Media Projects – Computer Literacy and Studies in Schools

(CLASS) INAT for Education, TELETEACH, etc., IGNOU –

Television Programmes and Telefilms of educational Nature produced by BBC and other organisations like Educational Media Research Centres (EMRCs), Audio-Visual Research Centres (AVRCs) and So on – Telecast by the UGC – not upto the satisfaction

Functions of Technology• To convert behavioural objectives into the learning

conditions in the context of educational objectives• To analyse the characteristics of the learners• To organise the contents• To formulate or construct the media of presenting

the contents• To evaluate the performance of the pupils with

reference to the achievement of educational objectives

• To provide reinforcement and feedback in order to modify the bahaviours of the pupils

Functions of Teaching• Identification of the educational goals and

objectives of the community • Developing appropriate curriculum for the

achievement of the stipulated goals • Analysing the process of teaching and learning• Developing suitable teaching-learning material• Selecting and developing proper teaching-

learning strategies for obtaining optimum results

• Developing and selecting appropriate audio-visual aids

• Utilising effectively the hardware and software media

• Providing essential feedback and control through evaluation

• Preparing teachers in the use of new technology of teaching

Main Benefits of Technology

• Make education more productive• Make education more individual• Give instruction a more Scientific base• Make instruction more powerful• Make access to education more

immediate• Make access to education more equal

Advantages of Technology in Education

• Individualized instruction• Improvement in the Quality of Teaching• Meeting the problem of Mass Education• Equalising Educational Opportunity• Providing Continuing Education

Technology neither diminishes the role of the teacher nor replaces him

nor dehumanises education

• Television lessons• Programmed instruction• Computer Assisted Instruction• Functions like• Planning, organising, operating,

evaluating and replanning the educational programmes

Computers used in ….

• Preparing time-table and schedules• Engaging students in tutorial work• Allocating learning materials as per individual

needs and interests• Providing information/data for guidance and

reference• Providing immediate feed back to learners

for better interaction and motivation

• Providing direct interaction between learners and subject matter

• Facilitating bibliographic searches• Evaluation learners’ achievement and

classifying them according to their abilities

• Maintaining progress cards, etc,

Teachers ….• Assist him to do his work in an efficient

manner to achieve the educational objectives• No one technology is useful for all types of

learning• While selecting the media the criteria to be

kept in mind are availability, accessibility, acceptability, economics and validity of the media

• Usual comment – replace teacher and create unemployment

• No technology can produce new thing because output depends on the nature of input

• Input aspects is more important and it depends on the teacher

• Instructional material cannot be prepared by technology

• Therefore, technology will not replace the human teacher but it will help him in improving teaching-learning process

Credit to the Sources

Images are taken from INTERNET Sources