infinity tech leading tech magazine

W W W . I N F I N I T Y T E C H . C O . N R , W W W . I N F I N I T Y S O F T . C O . C C


“WEB OS”

A WEBOS can be taken as “A window manager running on the client, where apps are located in these windows as iframes. This is not really an operating system, rather a window manager, where apps are in draggable layers/windows as a part of the webpage, running JavaScripts supported by a JavaScript library and possibly by the server with a public API for that purpose. This API would have to have some limitations/restrictions or it would be plain dangerous security wise.

“These are the new types of operating system where everything resides on a web browser. With WEBOS, you can have your desktop, applications and files always with you, from your home, your college, your office or your neighbour's house. Just open a web browser, connect to your WEBOS System and access your personal desktop and all your stuff just like you left it last time.”If we look at conventional operating systems they can be taken as

the interaction between hardware and software via drivers

the memory and execution of programs

the layout, retrieval, and modification of files on disk

user management, permissions, and preferences

higher level functionality like networking and user interface widgets

So we can see a WEBOS as “an applications run entirely within a web browser, but have the look and feel of desktop applications. An application's code and data reside remotely but are executed and modified locally. This model allows for a great deal of freedom. You can edit a document at home in a text editor and then go to school or work and instantly access the same text editor and document.” So by using these new types of logical operating systems we can

have our own operating system wherever we go, we just need to

have a login name and password. So Working out of internet cafes

or libraries? Your desktop, applications, and data travel with you

from cafe to cafe, session to session.

EDITOR’S PEN

List of WEBOS where you can register and

work independently of the location:

Legion

Globus

Netsolve

Globe

GOST

PVM

AppLesS

Broadway:

For more information on WEBOS search in “WEBOS” in your favorite search engine. Just give trial to this great emerging tool that may make you location free computer freak.

SHASHWAT SHRIPARV

[email protected]


1. GET INSPIRED

Narayana Murthy

2. ARTICLE SECTION

Self-defending network

Web 2.0 & web design

It is more than storage problem

Can computer think like human brain

3. KNOW LANGUAGE

Java

Ajax

4. TROUBLESHOOTING

Why PC Crashes

5. IT SCHOOLS

ER&DCI-IT Profile

6. SOURCE CODE OF THE MONTH

Locking folder without any software

7. TIPS AND TRICKS

Hibernate Option In Windows

Windows Firewall

8. GAGET FREAKS

Morphing Mobiles

9. FROM YOUR PEN

Give Feedbacks

Contacts

-IT-

Knowledge is power in the

modern intellectual society

information technology is a

part of advance knowledge

.Through this we gain

knowledge in different field

like our communicational

technology, computing

technology, computing

technology and different

type of virtual reality

technology.

So today society’s life is

changing day by day now it

is information society,

tomorrow it becomes

knowledge society and after

some time wisdom society.

IT play an

important role in each and

every phase …


NAGAVARA RAMARAO NARAYANA MURTHY

Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy, better known as N. R.

Narayana Murthy, is an Indian industrialist, software engineer and

one of the seven founders of India‘s one of the largest IT company

Infosys Technologies, a global consulting and IT services company

based in India. He is currently the non-executive Chairman and

Chief Mentor of Infosys. He was the CEO of the company for 21

years, from 1981 to 2002. After stepping down as CEO in 2002, he

has broadened his scope of activities to social services as well as

promoting India globally

Mr. Murthy was born into a Kannada Madhva Brahmin family in

Mysore, India on August 20, 1946, He graduated with a degree in

electrical engineering from the National Institute of Engineering,

University of Mysore in 1967 after attending government school,

and received his master's degree from IIT Kanpur in 1969.

His first position was at IIM Ahmadabad as chief systems

programmer where he worked on a time-sharing system and

designed and implemented a BASIC interpreter for ECIL

(Electronics Corporation of India Limited).

After IIM Ahmadabad, he then joined Patni Computer Systems in

Pune. Before moving to Mumbai, Murthy met his wife Sudha

Murthy in Pune who at the time was an engineer working at Tata

Engineering and Locomotive Co. Ltd. (Telco, now known as Tata

Motors) in Pune. In 1981, he founded Infosys with six other

software professionals. He served as president of the National

Association of Software and Service Companies, India from 1992

to 1994.

Murthy served as the founder CEO of Infosys for 21 years, and was

succeeded by co-founder Nandan Nilekani in March 2002. He is the

chairman of the governing body of the International Institute of

Information Technology - Bangalore, and was the Chairman of the

Governing Body of the Indian Institute of Management,

Ahmadabad.

In addition he is the member of board in several national and

international institutions.

Mr. Murthy has been the recipient of numerous awards and honors

like Padma Shri, Padma Vibhushan.

He is a living legend and an epitome of the fact that honesty,

transparency, and moral integrity are not at variance with business

acumen. He set new standards in corporate governance and

morality.

Compiled by: Shashidhar Chaturvedi

MCA, ER&DCIT Trivandrum (CUSAT)

GET INSPIRED

Quotes

“Our assets walk out of the door each

evening. We have to make sure that

they come back the next morning.”

“Performance leads to recognition.

Recognition brings respect. Respect

enhances power. Humility and grace in

one's moments of power enhances

dignity of an organization,”

“The real power of money is the power

to give it away.”

“In God we trust, everybody else bring

data to the table.”

“Progress is often equal to the

difference between mind and mindset.”

“I want Infosys to be a place where

people of different genders,

nationalities, races and religious beliefs

work together in an environment of

intense competition but utmost

harmony, courtesy and dignity to add

more and more value to our customers

day after day.”

"Ships are safest in the harbor but they

are not meant to be there. They have to

sail long and hard and face stormy seas

to reach the comfort of a desirable

destination"

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_engineering

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Institute_of_Engineering

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Mysore

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIT_Kanpur

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIM_Ahmedabad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_programmer



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIM_Ahmedabad

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patni_Computer_Systems

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pune

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbai

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudha_Murthy



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motors



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NASSCOM





http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CEO

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nandan_Nilekani


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_of_Information_Technology_-_Bangalore



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIMA




THE NEXT GENERATION OF NETWORK

SECURITY

• Self-Defending Networks helps networking professionals

understand how to deploy an end-to-end, integrated network

security solution. It presents a clear view of the various

components that can be used throughout the network to not only

monitor traffic but to allow the network itself to become more

proactive in preventing and mitigating network attacks.

Understanding Types of Network Attacks and Defenses

• Categorizing Network Attacks

Network attacks can be categorized based upon the nature of the

attack. Categories of network attacks include the following:

1. Virus

2. Worm

3. Trojan Horse

4. Denial of service (DoS)

5. Distributed denial of service (DDoS)

6. Spyware

7. Phishing

Understanding Traditional Network Defenses

Traditional network defenses are composed of the following

products:

1. Router access lists

2. Firewalls

3. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)

4. Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)

5. Antivirus programs

`

Introducing Self-Defending Networks

• Self-defending networks differ from traditional

network defenses in that self-defending

networks have the capability to provide some

amount of automatic protection of the network

components and end-user workstations in the

event of a network attack.

• The layered self-defending network includes

components that can protect the network

connections in the data center, at the remote or

branch location, and at the desktop.

Self-defending network components include the

following:

DDoS mitigation, including DDoS Guard and

DDoS Traffic Anomaly Detector

• Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA)

• Incident Control Service (ICS)

• Network Admission Control (NAC)

• 802.1x

• Host intrusion prevention: Cisco Security

Agent (CSA)

• Cisco Security Centralized management

Self-Defending Networks


DDoS Mitigation

Automatic or self-defending DDoS mitigation

involves the automatic rerouting of the DDoS traffic while

maintaining the valid network traffic connections. Cisco Guard

and Detector appliances and Catalyst 6500/7600 DDoS service

modules can provide this automatic DDoS mitigation by

creating a baseline of normal network activity, detecting DDoS

attacks and then automatically rerouting the DDoS. traffic

away from the target servers by updating the routing tables.

Adaptive Security Appliance

ASA is an integrated and extensible security appliance

product line from Cisco. ASA is an integration of the PIX

firewall, Network IDS/IPS system, and VPN 3000

concentrator. This ASA appliance contains many self-

defending characteristics including inline IPS support,

application layer inspection/enforcement, and SYN Cookie

capabilities. These self-defending features can enable the ASA

appliance to drop network attack connections and protect end

servers and users from attacks by monitoring, inspecting, and

restricting the network connection attempts to target devices.

Incident Control Service

Cisco also offers the ability to contain a worm infection

within the network. The Cisco Incident Control Service (ICS)

is developed in partnership with Trend Micro. The Cisco ICS

provides automatic updates of new vulnerability updates from

Trend Micro. The Cisco ICS also provides the ability to

automatically update these Outbreak Prevention Signatures on

ASA, IOS router, and IPS platforms. In addition to Outbreak

Prevention Signature update, Cisco ICS also provides Outbreak

Prevention ACL (access list) updates, which can recommend

or automatically apply a new ACL to an IOS router or ASA

device in the event that a network infection has been identified

to the Cisco ICS.

`

Host Intrusion Prevention: CSA

CSA provides host intrusion protection for

users or hosts on the network. CSA can be

considered the last line of the layered self-

defending network defense because CSA can

prevent malicious behavior on a host, including

attacks such as buffer overflow. CSA can be

automatically and centrally updated with new

policies to help protect against new network

attacks.

Cisco Security Centralized Management

A good defense is typically a layered defense. This

layered defense can be composed of router access

lists and firewall service modules to protect the

core network and data center, ASA to protect

DMZs and the perimeter, NAC to provide secure

network access at the perimeter, and CSAs to

protect the server, workstations, and laptops.

Cisco Security Centralized management can be

divided into two main functional areas:

Centralized configuration management

products, like the Cisco Security Manager, enable

hundreds or thousands of routers and security

appliances to be configured with a consistent or

coordinated security policy. Centralized

monitoring products, like the Cisco Security

MARS, receive monitoring events like sys log,

SNMP Traps, IPS Secure Device Event Exchange

(SDEE), and Remote Data Exchange Protocol

(RDEP) events and can create an end-to-end

picture of what is happening in the network based

upon the monitoring events from the devices in the

network. The Cisco centralized monitoring Cisco

Security MARS product also adds a response or

self-defending feature where Cisco Security

MARS can create a recommendation on how to

stop a network attack as well as enable IPS

signatures on IOS routers with the Distributed

Threat Mitigation (DTM) feature.

VINEET PRATAP (MCA B6, ER&DCI-IT, C-DAC)


I still remember the day around the mid of June when

I was in 5 standard, the year being 2000 when a friend of

mine with me went to a café‘ (an internet one!) to check the

results of a Olympiad, just after 1 month of exam……..he

said‖Are you gone nuts? They take at least 2 months to

compile the solutions and you are telling that they have

‗Mailed‘ you our results RATHER than the school!(coz the

school hadn‘t had any mail ID those days!),anyways I don‘t

know how to create a mailed leave apart using one.

Now this surely must have happened to many of us,

say around 5-6 years back, when visiting a café‘ was

‗suspicious‘ :P and people were doubtful as to how to surf on

net, because they thought it was difficult to manage net and to

know more about it.

Have you ever thought about the difference between

using the Internet in the late 1990s and in 2007?

The most important and revolutionary change that has come

about on the net is the gradual rise of a new collaborative

Web.

This new Web environment has so become a part of our daily

lives that the Time magazine named its Person of the Year for

2006 as 'You'. The decision was based keeping in mind the

role played by this phenomenon in changing the way people

use the Internet.

According to the magazine: "The story of 2006 was a

story about community and collaboration on a scale never

seen before. It's about cosmic compendium of knowledge

Wikipedia and the people's network YouTube and the online

metropolis MySpace. It's about the many wresting power

from the few and helping one another for nothing and how

that will not only change the world, but also change the way

the world changes."

According to O-Reilly media, Web 2.0 refers to

second-generation of web-based services - social networking

sites, wikis, blogs, User Generated Content (UGC) - that

accentuate online collaboration and sharing among users. It is

an arena where the web is a dominant platform compared to

the desktop.

`

Features:

Now Internet users can contribute and create

all types of content - from text

(www.wikipedia.org) to pictures

(www.photobucket.com) to videos

(www.muvee.com) to personal information

(www.hi5.com) to open source software

(www.openoffice.org).

There are also a variety of innovative and rich

Web 2.0 applications that are being used by

youngsters, students and almost all who seek

knowledge. The most prominent among them

being Nuvvo (www.nuvvo.com), Schoolr

(www.schoolr.com), Learn Without Limits

(www.learnwithoutlimits.com), and Qunu

(www.qunu.com). Another reason for the immense popularity of

the Web 2.0 concept is the continuous rise in

the number of Internet users.

But despite low user involvement it can be

said that the new collaborative Web has

certainly changed the lives of Internet users

Web 2.0, seen by many as a confluence of

technology, people, and their attitudes, has

changed the way we think and use the Internet.

Blogger,live

journal,wordpress,open

source publishing Wikipedia-The

revolutionary trust

Bit Torrent-The radical

decentralization

Google-Open source and

ad sense revolutionist

Del.icio.us and Flickr-Non

taxonomy

Social networking-

Renaissance served on

internet

The user’s web

platform ,user

controls his/her

data.

WEBSITE and INTERNET DEVELOPMENT-Web 2.0

http://www.openoffice.org/

http://www.nuvvo.com/


WEBSITE DESIGN

Just continuing from the point I left at the starting…how

many times you thought that you can have your own Email ID

say around 7 years back? It seemed to be almost a difficult

thing to have…but now each and every clerk has one!

Similarly now many of us dream to have one‘s own website

say at a very basic level, a one way conversational site but we

don‘t know how to make one, or don‘t have time for the

same…….now its an everyone‘s cup of tea ill assure you! Just

follow my experience and see if you could make one for

yourself…….

As I mentioned about web 2.0, the major advantage of it is

open source tech and free wares and non taxonomy which

means everything which is meant to be free IS free……and

believe me this free outsourcing is one of the most paying

businesses ;P

One way conversational sites: These just show you certain

info and you just can‘t really interact with these site, non-

dynamic in nature, and basically meant for just online

portfolios and stuff.

Requirements: HTML/XHTML, CSS (optional),

Photoshop/Corel draw. Learn them to create web sites and

images for your blogs.

Photoshop/CorelDraw: Image processing and editing

software‘s, a must for every web designer but may not be

that much for a novice in this field…..learn more on

www.wz2k.com , www.phong.com , www.tutorialwiz.com

Apart from these, if you don‘t have a good hand on

Photoshop and CSS for that matter, but know what attribute

serves what purpose then download readymade templates

from www.freecsstemplates.com and

www.freecsstemplates.org and then edit the .html/.htm file

and change its content to suit your purpose, also if you want

to shift some settings on web page here and there study CSS

a bit like what property serves what purpose and change it

according to your need.

`

Two way conversational sites:All mentioned

above and frontend developer languages like

PHP or ASP.net developed on either C# or

VB. MySQL(a database),javascript, ajax (For

dynamic sites like FORUM,BLOG etc.)learn

more on www.w3schools.com

PHP+MySQL+Apache server(php codes execute

on server rather than on browser) the combination

of all is available in apps like easyPHP and

XAMPP (Google it to download!)

Free hosting: There are a lot of free hosting

websites on ‗the‘ internet…… www.0fees.net,

www.110mb.com, ww w.googlepages.com

Amar Deep Gupta

2nd year Student I.I.T. Kharagpur

[email protected] +91-9734428858

WEBSITE and INTERNET DEVELOPMENT-Web 2.0

www.wz2k.com%20

www.phong.com%20

www.tutorialwiz.com

http://www.freecsstemplates.com/

http://www.freecsstemplates.org/

http://www.w3schools.com/

http://www.0fees.net/

http://www.110mb.com/

http://www.googlepages.com/

mailto:[email protected]


It is more than storage problem

In today‘s fast growing Information world, all of us on this earth

want to store our information digitally especially on Web Spaces

(i.e. on internet).As the number of users grow in size day-by-day

there is a need of larger storage space arises. Today‘s most

popular server Gmail has more then 1 lack of server in its

America. well I m not talking about the problem of Storage

Space, as it can be solved easily by spending more money in

buying storage spaces, also the memory is less costly these days.

The problem which i m talking about is how efficiently we can

retrieve our information from the rapidly growing databases....?

Every one of us are aware of the fact, that as the number of

records grow in size inside any database its performance

decreases rapidly. for example: if any Query of yours gives

result in 100 milliseconds in 1 million records of database, after

inserting 10 Billion more records in the same database ,same

query will give you result in 100 seconds....? Isn‘t it quiet an

amazing figure in terms of performance issues? Well this is a

tested figure.

Can u see the scenario when we use Google search engine whose

database is scattered over 1 lack servers and then also it is giving

any search result in 10 seconds....how this is possible...? Every

popular mail server is suffering from the same problem, as no of

email messages are increasing like Tsunami and think, if u have

to search something in a larger database, how will u manage...?

Its Obvious, by writing a program.

Jeetu Raj

Can computer think like human brain??

Answer of this question can be viewed as a reinvention in

the development in artificial intelligence. Palm computer founder

JEFF HAWKINS developed a controversial theory of how the

brain works, and he's using it to build a new race of computers.

In Silicon Valley, Hawkins is best known as the founder of Palm

Computing Inc. and Handspring Inc., and as the mastermind

behind the Palm Pilot and Treo line of smart phones.

The idea about this human computer is based on the

theory developed by Hawkins,

`

Which is known as memory production

framework. The theory says that ―the brain makes

predictions about the world through pattern

recognition and memory, recalling event

sequences and their nested relationships.‖

First of all, the theory explains how the neo cortex

works—not the entire brain. The neo cortex makes

up roughly half of a human brain; it's where all

high-level thought and perception takes place. It's

the place where you perceive the world. And it's a

type of memory system, though it's different from

that of a computer in that it is composed of a tree-

shaped hierarchy of memory regions that store

how patterns flow over time, like the notes in a

melody. We call this Hierarchical Temporal

Memory (HTM).

Computers must be programmed to solve

problems, but HTM systems are self-learning. By

exposing them to patterns from sensors (just like

the neo cortex receives information from the eyes

and ears), HTMs can automatically build a model

of the world. With this model, an HTM can

recognize familiar objects and use that data to

predict the future. So we're not claiming to build

brains here. We are building things that we think

can do what half of a human brain does.

HTMs essentially do three things. First, they

discover how the world works by sensing and

analyzing the world around them. Second, they

recognize new inputs as part of its model, which

we call pattern recognition. Finally, they make

predictions of what will happen in the future. We

think we can build machines that are in some

sense smarter than humans, that have more

memory, that are faster and can process data

nonstop, because they use hierarchical and

temporal data to predict outcomes—the same way

the human brain works.

Rajeev Ranjan

MCA ER&DCI-IT(CUSAT)


Java is a high level programming developed by Sun

Microsystems and released in 1995. Java was created by

James Gosling in June 1991 for use in one of his many set top

box. The language was initially called ―oak‖ after that the

named to java. It should use the OOP methodology and allow

the same program to be executed on multiple Operating

Systems.

What is java technology?

Java technology is:

1. A programming language: A java programming language

is use to create all kinds of applications that programmer

could create by using conventional programming

language.

2. A development environment: A java technology provides

you with a large suite of tools: a compiler, an interpreter, a

documentation generator, a class file packaging tool etc. it

is usually mentioned in the perspective of World Wide

Web and browser that are capable of running programs

called ―applets”. Applets are programs written in the java

that resides on web servers, are downloaded by a browser

to a client‘s system and run by the browser.

3. An application environment: java applications are

application or general-purpose programs that run on any

machine where the Java runtime environment (JRE) is

installed.

4. A deployment environment: there are two main using

environments. First, the JRE supplied by the Java 2

software Development Kit contains the complete set of the

class files for all of the java packages, which includes

basic language classes, GUI component classes, an

advance Collection API, and so on. Second, environment

is on your web browser. Most commercial browsers

supply a java technology interpreter and runtime

environment. Java technology is versatility, efficiency;

platform portability and security make it the ideal

technology for network computing.

`

Different versions of java

In 1995: Introduced version 1.0 of JDK

8 package with 212 class

Netscape 2.0-4.0 include java 1.0

In 1997: Version 1.1


Improvements include better event

handling Inner class

swing package of greatly improved

graphics became available during this

time but not include with core language.

In 1999: Version 1.2 (Java 2 platform)


Code and tools distributed the s\w

development kit

Java class based on swing for improved

graphics and user interface include with

core java.



Performance enhancement including the

Virtual machine



Improved IO, XML support


165 package over 3000 class

Metadata

Improved multithreading features

Distinctive feature of java

Compiled and Interpreter: The other programming

language is either compiled or interpreter but the

java combines both these approaches. First java

compiler translates source code into byte code

instruction

Java

Program.java javac Program.class

Program.class java Byte Code


Platform Independent: java is a platform

independence language that means program written in the

java language must run any supported h\w operating system

(Windows, Linux, Solaris).One should be able to write a

program once, compile at once and run it anywhere.

Object oriented programming: java is object

oriented which means data and function reside within objects

and class. Java comes with an extensive set of classes

arranged in package.

Secure: security is the most important aspects of any

programming language, java is secure programming

language. The absence of pointer in java ensures that

programs can‘t gain access to memory location without

proper authorization.

Why java?

Write s/w on one platform run it on virtually any other

platform.

Create programmers to run within a web browser and

web services.

Develop server side application for online forums, stores,

polls, HTML, form processing and more.

Combines application or services using the java language

to create highly customized application and service.

Develop powerful and efficient application for mobile

phones, remote processing, low cost consume products

and practically any other device with a digital heartbeat.

Object 1

Object 2

Data

Method Method

Data

Communication

Class

`

Sample Code public class ASCII_code{ public static void main(String argv[]) { System.out.println("Value\tChar\tValue\tChar\tValue\tChar\tValue\tChar\tValue\tChar\t"); int c=1; while (c < 256) { for (int col = 0; col < 5 && c < 256; col++, c++) System.out.print(c + "\t" + (char)c + "\t"); System.out.println(); } } }

Ravindra Bohra MCA B8 ER&DCIT(CUSAT)

Java

program

Java

compile

r

Java

appletviewer

(enable web

browser)

Java

Interpreter

Output

Way of using

java

Java

c

Application

program

Applet program


Ajax (asynchronous JavaScript and XML), or AJAX, is a

group of interrelated web development techniques used for

creating interactive web applications or rich Internet

applications. With Ajax, web applications can retrieve data

from the server asynchronously in the background without

interfering with the display and behavior of the existing

page. Data is retrieved using the XMLHttpRequest object or

through the use of Remote Scripting in browsers that do not

support it. Despite the name, the use of JavaScript, XML, or

asynchrony is not required

History

While the term Ajax was coined in 2005,techniques for the

asynchronous loading of content date back to 1996, when

Internet Explorer introduced the IFrame element.Microsoft's

Remote Scripting, introduced in 1998, acted as a more

elegant replacement for these techniques, with data being

pulled in by a Java applet with which the client side could

communicate using JavaScript. In 1999, Microsoft created

the XMLHttpRequest object as an ActiveX control in

Internet Explorer 5, and developers of Mozilla and Safari

followed soon after with native versions of the object.On

April 5, 2006 the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

released the first draft specification for the object in an

attempt to create an official web standard

Technologies

The term Ajax has come to represent a broad group of web

technologies that can be used to implement a web application

that communicates with a server in the background, without

interfering with the current state of the page. In the article

that coined the term Ajax, Jesse James Garrett explained that

it refers specifically to these technologies:

`

XHTML and CSS for presentation

the Document Object Model for dynamic

display of and interaction with data

XML and XSLT for the interchange and

manipulation of data, respectively

the XMLHttpRequest object for asynchronous

communication

JavaScript to bring these technologies together

Since then, however, there have been a number of

developments in the technologies used in an Ajax

application, and the definition of the term Ajax. In

particular, it has been noted that:

JavaScript is not the only client-side scripting

language that can be used for implementing an

Ajax application. Other languages such as

VBScript are also capable of the required

functionality.

The XMLHttpRequest object is not necessary

for asynchronous communication. It has been

noted that IFrames are capable of the same

effect.X

ML is not required for data interchange and

therefore XSLT is not required for the

manipulation of data. JavaScript Object

Notation (JSON) is often used as an

alternative format for data

interchange,although other formats such as

preformatted HTML or plain text can also be

used.


Since then, however, there have been a number of

developments in the technologies used in an Ajax

application, and the definition of the term Ajax. In particular,

it has been noted that:

JavaScript is not the only client-side scripting language

that can be used for implementing an Ajax application.

Other languages such as VBScript are also capable of the

required functionality.

The XMLHttpRequest object is not necessary for

asynchronous communication. It has been noted that

IFrames are capable of the same effect.

XML is not required for data interchange and therefore

XSLT is not required for the manipulation of data.

JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) is often used as an

alternative format for data interchange,although other

formats such as preformatted HTML or plain text can

also be used.

Advantages In many cases, the pages on a website consist of much

content that is common between them. Using traditional

methods, that content would have to be reloaded on every

request. However, using Ajax, a web application can

request only the content that needs to be updated, thus

drastically reducing bandwidth usage.

The use of asynchronous requests allows the client's Web

browser UI to be more interactive and to respond quickly

to inputs, and sections of pages can also be reloaded

individually. Users may perceive the application to be

faster or more responsive, even if the application has not

changed on the server side.

`

The use of Ajax can reduce connections to the

server, since scripts and style sheets only have

to be requested once.

Reverse Ajax

Reverse Ajax refers to an Ajax design pattern

that uses long-lived HTTP connections to

enable low-latency communication between a

web server and a browser. Basically it is a

way of sending data from client to server and

a mechanism for pushing server data back to

the browser. This server–client

communication takes one of two forms:

Client polling, the client repetitively

queries (polls) the server and waits for an

answer.

Server pushing, a connection between a

server and client is kept open, the server

sends data when available.

Reverse Ajax describes the implementation of

any of these models, including a combination

of both. The design pattern is also known as

Ajax Push, Full Duplex Ajax and Streaming

Ajax.

Darshana Datta

MCA B6,ER&DCI-IT,

C-DAC Campus, TVM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajax_%28programming%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_pattern

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latency_%28engineering%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_browser

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polling_%28computer_science%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Push_technology


Fatal error: the system has become unstable or is busy," it says.

"Enter to return to Windows or press Control-Alt-Delete to

restart your computer. If you do this you will lose any unsaved

information in all open applications." You have just been

struck by the Blue Screen of Death. Anyone who uses Mcft

Windows will be familiar with this. What can you do? More

importantly, how can you prevent it happening?

Why PC Crashes?

1 Hardware conflict

The number one reason why Windows crashes is hardware conflict. Each hardware device

communicates to other devices through an interrupt request channel (IRQ). These are

supposed to be unique for each device. For example, a printer usually connects internally

on IRQ 7. The keyboard usually uses IRQ 1 and the floppy disk drive IRQ 6. Each device

will try to hog a single IRQ for itself. If there are a lot of devices, or if they are not

installed properly, two of them may end up sharing the same IRQ number. When the user

tries to use both devices at the same time, a crash can happen. The way to check if your

computer has a hardware conflict is through the following route:

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System-Device Manager.

Often if a device has a problem a yellow '!' appears next to its description in the Device

Manager. Highlight Computer (in the Device Manager) and press Properties to see the IRQ

numbers used by your computer. If the IRQ number appears twice, two devices may be

using it. Sometimes a device might share an IRQ with something described as 'IRQ holder

for PCI steering'. This can be ignored. The best way to fix this problem is to remove the

problem device and reinstall it. Sometimes you may have to find more recent drivers on the

internet to make the device function properly. A good resource is www.driverguide.com. If

the device is a soundcard, or a modem, it can often be fixed by moving it to a different slot

on the motherboard (be careful about opening your computer, as you may void the

warranty). When working inside a computer you should switch it off, unplug the mains lead

and touch an unpainted metal surface to discharge any static electricity. To be fair to Mcft,

the problem with IRQ numbers is not of its making. It is a legacy problem going back to

the first PC designs using the IBM 8086 chip. Initially there were only eight IRQs. Today

there are 16 IRQs in a PC. It is easy to run out of them. There are plans to increase the

number of IRQs in future designs.


2 Bad Ram

Ram (random-access memory) problems might

bring on the blue screen of death with a message

saying Fatal Exception Error. A fatal error indicates

a serious hardware problem. Sometimes it may

mean a part is damaged and will need replacing.

But a fatal error caused by Ram might be caused by

a mismatch of chips. For example, mixing 70-

nanosecond (70ns) Ram with 60ns Ram will usually

force the computer to run all the Ram at the slower

speed. This will often crash the machine if the Ram

is overworked.One way around this problem is to

enter the BIOS settings and increase the wait state

of the Ram. This can make it more stable. Another

way to troubleshoot a suspected Ram problem is to

rearrange the Ram chips on the motherboard, or

take some of them out. Then try to repeat the

circumstances that caused the crash. When handling

Ram try not to touch the gold connections, as they

can be easily damaged. Parity error messages also

refer to Ram. Modern Ram chips are either parity

(ECC) or non parity (non-ECC). It is best not to

mix the two types, as this can be a cause of trouble.

EMM386 error messages refer to memory problems

but may not be connected to bad Ram. This may be

due to free memory problems often linked to old

Dos-based-programmes.

3 BIOS settings

Every motherboard is supplied with a range of

chipset settings that are decided in the factory. A

common way to access these settings is to press the

F2 or delete button during the first few seconds of a

boot-up. Once inside the BIOS, great care should

be taken. It is a good idea to write down on a piece

of paper all the settings that appear on the screen.

That way, if you change something and the

computer becomes more unstable, you will know

what settings to revert to.

A common BIOS error concerns the CAS latency.

This refers to the Ram. Older EDO (extended data

out) Ram has a CAS latency of 3. Newer SDRam

has a CAS latency of 2. Setting the wrong figure can

cause the Ram to lock up and freeze the computer's

display. Mcft Windows is better at allocating IRQ

numbers than any BIOS. If possible set the IRQ

numbers to Auto in the BIOS. This will allow

Windows to allocate the IRQ numbers (make sure

the BIOS setting for Plug and Play OS is switched to

'yes' to allow Windows to do this.).

4 Hard disk drives

After a few weeks, the information on a hard disk

drive starts to become piecemeal or fragmented. It is

a good idea to defragment the hard disk every week

or so, to prevent the disk from causing a screen

freeze. Go to

Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-Disk

Defragmenter

This will start the procedure. You will be unable to

write data to the hard drive (to save it) while the disk

is defragmenting, so it is a good idea to schedule the

procedure for a period of inactivity using the Task

Scheduler.

The Task Scheduler should be one of the small icons

on the bottom right of the Windows opening page

(the desktop). Some lockups and screen freezes

caused by hard disk problems can be solved by

reducing the read-ahead optimisation. This can be

adjusted by going to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-System Icon-

Performance-File System-Hard Disk.

Hard disks will slow down and crash if they are too

full. Do some housekeeping on your hard drive

every few months and free some space on it. Open

the Windows folder on the C drive and find the

Temporary Internet Files folder.


Deleting the contents (not the folder) can free a lot

of space. Empty the Recycle Bin every week to free

more space. Hard disk drives should be scanned

every week for errors or bad sectors. Go to

* Start-Programs-Accessories-System Tools-

ScanDisk

Otherwise assign the Task Scheduler to perform

this operation at night when the computer is not in

use.

5 Viruses

Often the first sign of a virus infection is instability.

Some viruses erase the boot sector of a hard drive,

making it impossible to start. This is why it is a

good idea to create a Windows start-up disk. Go to

* Start-Settings-Control Panel-Add/Remove

Programs

Here, look for the Start Up Disk tab. Virus

protection requires constant vigilance. A virus

scanner requires a list of virus signatures in order to

be able to identify viruses. These signatures are

stored in a DAT file. DAT files should be updated

weekly from the website of your antivirus software

manufacturer. An excellent antivirus programme is

McAfee VirusScan by Network Associates (

www.nai.com). Another is Norton AntiVirus 2000,

made by Symantec ( www.symantec.com).

6 Printers

The action of sending a document to print creates a

bigger file, often called a postscript file.

Printers have only a small amount of memory,

called a buffer. This can be easily overloaded.

Printing a document also uses a considerable

amount of CPU power.

This will also slow down the computer's

performance. If the printer is trying to print unusual

characters, these might not be recognised, and can

crash the computer. Sometimes printers will not

recover from a crash because of confusion in the

buffer. A good way to clear the buffer is to unplug

the printer for ten seconds. Booting up from a

powerless state, also called a cold boot, will restore

the printer's default settings and you may be able to

carry-on.

7 Software

A common cause of computer crash is faulty or

badly-installed software. Often the problem can be

cured by uninstalling the software and then

reinstalling it. Use Norton Uninstall or Uninstall

Shield to remove an application from your system

properly. This will also remove references to the

programme in the System Registry and leaves the

way clear for a completely fresh copy.

8 Overheating

Central processing units (CPUs) are usually

equipped with fans to keep them cool. If the fan fails

or if the CPU gets old it may start to overheat and

generate a particular kind of error called a kernel

error. This is a common problem in chips that have

been overclocked to operate at higher speeds than

they are supposed to.

9 Power supply problems

With all the new construction going on around the

country the steady supply of electricity has become

disrupted. A power surge or spike can crash a

computer as easily as a power cut.

For graphics related problem install graphic card

driver properly.

Ratnakar Mishra

MCA B6 ER&DCI-IT

http://www.symantec.com/


PROFILE OF AN IT SCHOOL

About The Campus:- ER&DCI-IT is the manpower

development and training arm of Centre for Development

of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Thiruvananthapuram,

an autonomous institution wholly owned by Department

of Information Technology, Government of India.

Formerly known as Electronics Research & Development

Centre of India (ER&DCI), the Centre is engaged in a

variety of research, design and development activities in

advanced areas of Electronics. Since its inception in 1974,

the Centre has acquired high competency, expertise and

experience in the areas of VLSI - ASIC, Embedded

Systems, Control & Instrumentation, Networking,

Broadcast & Communications, Power Electronics, Cyber-

Forensics, language technologies, etc. with extensive on-

site deployment of its technology outputs, and Transfer-

of-Technologies for manufacture of the products

developed. The campus at Vellayambalam, in the heart of

Thiruvananthapuram city was formally dedicated to the

nation on 10th November 1980, as a National Centre of

Excellence by Smt. Indira Gandhi, then Prime Minister of

India. ER&DCI-IT was started in 2001 with a mission to

groom and nurture internationally competitive

professionals, empowering them with state-of-the-art skill

sets in Electronics, Communications and IT.

Courses Offered.

M.Tech in

VLSI and

Embedded

Systems

B.E/B.Tech degree in

Electronics &

Communications /

Electronics &

Instrumentation / Electrical

& Electronics of a

recognized University,

with a minimum of 60%

marks,with an aptitude and

interest in electronics

hardware design.

Admission Forms can be

obtained from the Office of

ER&DCI(IT) by remitting

a fee of Rs.750/-.

Master of

Computer

Application

As per the norms

prescribed by CUSAT.

Any graduate with

Mathematics as one of the

main or subsidiary subjects

or graduate in Electronics

/Computer Science /

Computer applications /

Engineering / Technology

with a minimum of 55%

marks in all subjects other

than languages and

humanities.

Post

Graduate

Diploma in

Language

Technology

Admission shall be based

on the marks obtained in

the qualifying examination

The score obtained in the

entrance test (objective

type)

The Principal ER&DCI Institute of Technology, CDAC Campus, Vellayambalam, Trivandrum, Kerala – 695033 Ph: +91-471-2726106 +91-471-2723333 Ext-295,250 Fax +91-471-2723456 +91-471-2722230

www.erdciit.ac.in

[email protected]


SOURCE CODE OF THE MONTH

cls

@ECHO OFF

title Folder Private

if EXIST "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-

08002B30309D}" goto UNLOCK

if NOT EXIST Private goto MDLOCKER

:CONFIRM

echo Are you sure you want to lock the folder(Y/N)

set/p "cho=>"

if %cho%==Y goto LOCK

if %cho%==y goto LOCK

if %cho%==n goto END

if %cho%==N goto END

echo Invalid choice.

goto CONFIRM

:LOCK

ren Private "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-

08002B30309D}"

attrib +h +s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-

08002B30309D}"

echo Folder locked

goto End

:UNLOCK

echo Enter password to unlock folder

set/p "pass=>"

if NOT %pass%== password here goto FAIL

attrib -h -s "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-

08002B30309D}"

ren "Control Panel.{21EC2020-3AEA-1069-A2DD-08002B30309D}"

Private

echo Folder Unlocked successfully

goto End

:FAIL

echo Invalid password

goto end

:MDLOCKER

md Private

echo Private created successfully

goto End

:End

COMPILED BY:

PADMAKAR MISHRA (PATNA)

[email protected]

Without use any software protects

your folder for unauthorized access.

1. Make a new folder (name it

as you like)

2-Inside this folder make a

(TXT) file & copy the give

code inside it this: 2. After u copy the

Commanding go to line (23) u

will find this word: password

here (Change it with) any

password u like.

3. After that make ‗save as‘ &

name as (locker.bat )

4. Now back to the folder & u

will find a ( LOCKER )

commanding. 5. Click on it & u will find a

new folder (Private )

6. Ok ,, now copy what u want in

it & after that go to ( locker )

by click on it , it will open and

ask you want lock your

folder? Y/N?

7. Type Y 8. If you want UNLOCK your

folder, go to (locker) & type

your pass and you will see

your private folder.


Hibernate Button on XP

Hibernate is great because it saves the status of your Windows XP session (all the programs and

documents you have open) to the hard drive,so it can automatically restore it the next time you

power up. The first step to making a Hibernate shortcut is to make sure you have Hibernate

turned on.

Note: First read ―support.microsoft.com/default.aspx?scid=kb;en-us;893056‖.

1. Make Hibernate is enabled:

Go start → Control Panel → click Power

Options →Choose the hibernate tab →

Select Enable hibernate support → click

OK.

2. From the desktop right click:

Choose New → Shortcut and in Type the

location of the item

“%windir%\system32\rundll32.exe

PowrProf.dll,SetSuspendState”.

And click Next → Type Hibernate → Finish.

3. Finally right click on your new

Hibernate shortcut

Select Properties from the drop-down menu

→ Choose change icon by browse an icon.

OR

Right click on desktop

Click [new][shortcut] to open the

shortcut wizard

type "shutdown -h -t 00" without the

double quotes.

Click [next] and give it any name u like eg:-" hibernate" or any name.

Click finish to close the wizard.

FOR restart FOR shutdown

type "shutdown -r -t 00" type "shutdown -s -t 00"

Tips and Tricks


Enable and Disable Windows Firewall Quickly using Command-line

When testing network connectivity or when performing other troubleshooting tasks, you may

need to turn off the Windows Firewall temporarily. To quickly disable or enable the Windows

Firewall, you may use the Netsh.exe command-line in Windows XP and Windows Vista.

Enabling Windows Firewall

Click Start, Run and type:.

Netsh firewall set opmode enable

Disabling Windows Firewall

Click Start, Run and type:

Netsh firewall set opmode disable

Windows Firewall status can be verified using

Windows Security Center or the Windows

Firewall applet.

Note: In Windows Vista you need to run the

above commands from an elevated Command

Prompt. To open an elevated Command

Prompt, click Start, click All Programs, click

Accessories, right-click Command Prompt, and then click Run as administrator.

You may create desktop two shortcuts to enable and disable the Windows Firewall. To run the

commands as administrator, right-click on the shortcut and choose Run as administrator. Or

right-click the shortcut properties, click Advanced and tick the Run as administrator checkbox

and click OK. Double-clicking the shortcut run the Netsh… command elevated, after you click

the Continue button in the UAC confirmation dialog.

Customize the shortcut icons by picking an appropriate icon from Shell32.dll, Imageres.dll or

from xpsp2res.dll (for Windows XP) for easy identification.

Editor’s Note: Although the netsh firewall command works fine in Windows XP, Windows

Vista and Windows Server 2008 Operating Systems, Microsoft recommends that you use the

netsh advfirewall firewall command in Windows Vista and Windows Server 2008.

Ashok Kumar

ER&DCI-IT

http://www.winhelponline.com/blog/enable-and-disable-windows-firewall-quickly-using-command-line/


GAGET FREAKS

Morphing is a special effect in motion pictures and animations that changes (or morphs) one image into another through a seamless transition. After some time we morph the mobile phone also .Nokia launch the first Morphing Mobile phone. The main feature of this phone * Nanotech-based fiber mesh is flexible, stretchable, transparent, and strong. * Elasticity lets it change shape. * Can be worn on wrist. * Folds up to fit in pocket; unfolds to reveal keyboard, display, touch pad. * Nano-structured surface is self-cleaning. * Repels water, dirt, fingerprints. * Small, thin, quick-charge battery. * Built-in solar absorption charges the device. * Integrated sensors inform user of pollution and chemicals. * Transparent electronics offer new aesthetic dimension. * Made of biodegradable materials. So in coming day’s we change our Electronic gadget shape like any Hollywood science friction Film so ready for revolution .


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