Infectious Diseases

Four categoriesViralBacterialFungalParasitic

Some infections can be prevented by immunization

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Infectious Diseases

Many have incubation period Symptoms

Fever, nausea, and vomitingMalaiseCough and rashAnorexia

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Infectious Diseases

TreatmentVaries but may consist of good nutritionRestNon-aspirin antipyretics

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Viral Diseases

Usually treated symptomatically Invade host and can lay dormant Reactivated by certain triggers: stress,

illness, trauma

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Viral Diseases

Common viral diseasesMeaslesRubeola: Koplik’s spotsRubella: “German measles”Mumps: inflammation of parotid glands

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Viral Diseases

Varicella - “chickenpox” or herpes zoster Poliomyelitis - polio virus; immunization

has reduced threat of disease Influenza: “flu” Common cold: rhinovirus

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Viral Diseases

Mononucleosis - “kissing disease” from Epstein-Barr virus

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

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Bacterial Diseases

Pathogens such as staphylococcus, streptococcus, haemophilus, clostridium

SymptomsFever, cough, headache, difficulty breathing,

and sore throat

Treatment based on causative agent

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Bacterial Diseases

Common bacterial diseasesPertussis - “whooping cough”Diphtheria - severe inflammation of

respiratory systemTuberculosis - “consumption”

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Bacterial Diseases

Common bacterial diseasesTularemia - “Rabbit Fever”Impetigo - dermatitis caused by

staphylococcus or Group A streptococcus

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Bacterial Diseases

Acute tonsillitis - infection of the palatine tonsils located on posterior wall of nasopharynx

Otitis Media - acute bacterial infection of middle ear

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Fungal Diseases

Skin or mucous membranes in children Usually not severe but irritating Fungal diseases

Candidiasis - thrush is an oral fungal infection

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Fungal Diseases

Fungal diseasesTinea

○ Ringworm○ Tinea corporis (face, trunk, extremities)○ Tinea cruris - “jock itch”○ Tinea pedis - athlete’s foot

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Parasitic Diseases

Common where there is poor nutrition, contaminated water, low socioeconomic conditions

Common parasitic diseases in United StatesGiardiasis - infection by protozoaPediculosis - lice

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Parasitic Diseases

Common parasitic diseases in United StatesPinworms - parasitic nematodes that infect

intestines and rectumRoundworms - parasites that lodge in

intestines, absorbing nutrients from host

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Respiratory Diseases

Most common childhood diseases seen by physicians

Respiratory diseasesSudden Infant Death Syndrome - abrupt

unexplained death of an infant under the age of one

Croup - known as laryngotracheobronchitis

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Respiratory Diseases

Adenoid Hyperplasia - enlargement of pharyngeal tonsils

Asthma - chronic respiratory system disease

Pneumonia - inflammation of lung parenchyma

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Digestive Diseases

Children may experience serious development problems due to lack of appropriate ingestion, digestion, absorption, or elimination

Fluid and electrolyte imbalance are frequently more severe in children

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Digestive Diseases

ExamplesFluid imbalanceFood allergiesEating disorders - major problem among

children, especially adolescent females

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Musculoskeletal Diseases Soft tissue injuries and fractures to joint

and bone Legg-Calvé-Perthes – avascular

necrosis of upper end of femur Ewing’s Sarcoma - malignant neoplasm

occurring before age 20

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Blood Diseases

Leukemia - malignancy of blood-forming cells in bone marrowMost common disorder of blood and blood-

forming organs in children

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Neurologic Diseases

Reye’s Syndrome - acute encephalopathy in children under age 15 who have had a viral infection

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Eye and Ear Diseases

Have profound effects on child’s ability to learn and develop

Common diseasesStrabismus - lazy or cross-eyeDeafness - may be caused by genes,

trauma, infections, exposure to ototoxic drugs

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Trauma

Child abuse - serious problem in United States, and it is often fatal

Suicide - third leading cause of death among young people

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Trauma

Drug abuse - illicit drug, alcohol, and tobacco use among children

Epidemic among adolescents Poisoning - among top five causes of

accidental death under age 10

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