infection control orientation training 2009 · capturing the need for isolation prior to admission...
TRANSCRIPT
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INFECTION CONTROLORIENTATION TRAINING 2009
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STANDARD PRECAUTIONSSTANDARD PRECAUTIONS
BASICALLY….
If it’s WET and NOT YOURS,don’t get any on you !!
PPE And Safety Devices AreProvided !! Use them correctly toprotect yourself !!
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STANDARD PRECAUTIONS
Wash hands before & after examiningpatients or contact with blood, bodyfluids or contaminated items
Wear gloves when contact with blood,body fluids, mucous membrane andbroken skin
Wear mask, eye protection, gown ifsplashes/sprays are expected
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INFECTION CONTROL: COST
$4.5 BILLION PER YEAR (1996)
88,000 DEATHS PER YEAR
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What are the 10 most commoncauses of infection?
Your fingers!Your fingers!
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Wash your handsbefore & after touching patients
or contaminated material
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The Gap Between Perception and Reality
2848/173Observed rate
5163/123Estimate ofco-workers’ rates
85105/123Self-reported rate
% complianceHandwashingafter patient
Contact/n
CDC Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 7, No. 2, Mar-Apr 2001: Robert A Weinstein Controlling AntimicrobialResistance in Hospitals
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CDC Guidelines for Hand Hygiene
HANDWASHING WHEN HANDS VISIBLY SOILED(at least 15 seconds)
Alcohol hand rinse if not visibly soiled Decontaminate hands before patient contact Decontaminate hands before donning sterile gloves Decontaminate hands before patient care procedures Decontaminate hands after patient contact Decontaminate hands if moving from contaminated site
to clean site during patient care Decontaminate hands after contact with equipment Decontaminate hands after removing gloves Decontaminate hands before eating and after using
restroom
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Hand Hygiene by S&W Employees
2006 (YTD)
Handwashing Compliance by Group
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
RN LVN Aide student MD Other
compliance rate Overall Rate
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Hand Hygiene
Compliance Rates by Hospital Unit
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
7SOUTH
7EAST
7WES
T6S
OUTH
6EAST
6WES
T5S
OUTH
5WES
T4S
OUTH
4WES
T3S
OUTH
NURSERY
L&D
STC
2STC
3STC
4STC
5CIC
U
SIC
U
PIC
UM
ICU ED
STC
1SF2
NSF3
NSF3
S
2006 OVERALL UNIT RATE S&W 2004 OVERALL HOSPITAL RESULTS
S&W 2006 OVERALL HOSPITAL RESULTS S&W 2005 OVERALL HOSPITAL RESULTS
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HAND HYGIENERECOMMENDATIONS
All health care providers will perform handhygiene before and after all patientencounters.
Use of the alcohol hand rinse is anacceptable alternative to soap and waterwhen hands are not visibly soiled.
Soap and water must be used afterpotential exposure to Clostridium difficile.
• S&W Quality Council 2006
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IT’S ALL IN YOUR HANDS
WASH THEM
USE ALCOHOLHANDRINSE
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Proper Glove RemovalProper Glove RemovalContain theContain theContaminationContamination
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Do Not Wear Artificial Nails
"No artificial nailsor nail polish fordirect patient careproviders“ whichincludes theresidents andfellows.
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SOURCES OF NOSOCOMIALINFECTION
STETHOSCOPES &BP Cuffs
– Staph epi - 100%
– Staph aureus- 38%
– Pseudomonas →
• ARCH. INTERNMED. 1997;157:786-790
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Clean stethoscope’s diaphrambetween patients
Even with isopropylalcohol, which is aneffective cleanser,you must payattention to theedges of thestethoscope’sdiaphram
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OTHER SOURCES OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
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Same Room, More contaminationSame Room, More contamination
After pulling up the bed rail, theHCP checked the IV bag beforeturning to wash his/her hands
IV bagbed rail IV Site
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“Computer KeyboardsSpread More Than Words”
Reinberg, S. April 2005. HealthDay Reporter.Reinberg, S. April 2005. HealthDay Reporter. http://www.medicinenet.comhttp://www.medicinenet.com accessed April 3, 2006.accessed April 3, 2006.
VREVRE
MRSAMRSA
PSAEPSAE
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CONTACT ISOLATION
– Direct Contact Transmission Issues:
• Wound/Dressing Isolation– Standard precautions if not draining
– Contact precautions if draining
• Resistant Organism Isolation– Isolate new positive cultures
– Isolate with history of infection or colonization
– Isolate on readmission unless documentation forremoval has been met
ISOLATION CATEGORIES
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ISOLATION CATEGORIES
CONTACT ISOLATION– MRSA
– Diarrhea – enteric pathogens• Rotavirus
• C. Difficile
– VRE
– Hepatitis A
– RSV
– Chickenpox (along with airborne isolation)
– Viral Meningitis (only if stool incontinent)
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MODIFIED CONTACT PRECAUTIONSMODIFIED CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
VRE Infections(Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus)
* Commonly found in the GI tract* Easily transmitted by HCP’s on
hands and clothing* MUST wear gown and gloves !!
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EXTENDED CONTACT PRECAUTIONSEXTENDED CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
C DIFF INFECTIOUS DIARRHEA(Clostridium Difficile)
* Spore forming bacteria* ONLY washed off with soap and water
!!* Alcohol NOT effective against C Diff
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ISOLATION CATEGORIES
DROPLET ISOLATION
– MENINGITIS (Bacterial)– Meningococcal
– Haemophilus influenzae
– INFLUENZA
– PERTUSSIS
– RUBELLA (German measles)
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STOP
DROPLET PRECAUTIONSDROPLET PRECAUTIONS
HAND HYGIENEHAND HYGIENEBefore EnteringBefore Entering
RoomRoom
Surgical Mask
REQUIREDTo Enter Room
HAND HYGIENEHAND HYGIENEAfter ExitingAfter Exiting
RoomRoom
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Isolation CategoriesIsolation Categories
Airborne Isolation
TUBERCULOSIS – Active or Rule Out
MEASLES
**CHICKEN POX
**Zoster (Shingles)In An Immune Compromised Patient
**Contact Precautions in addition, if there are any lesions thathave not ruptured and crusted over.
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Nutrition & Food Service Employees: May NOTEnter
STOP
HAND HYGIENEHAND HYGIENEBefore EnteringBefore Entering
RoomRoom
N95 or HEPARespirator Mask
REQUIREDTo Enter Room
Negative Air Pressure
REQUIREDKeep Door Closed
HAND HYGIENEHAND HYGIENEAfter ExitingAfter Exiting
RoomRoom
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONSAIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
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MUST BE FIT TESTEDMUST BE FIT TESTED BEFOREBEFORE ENTERINGENTERINGAN AIRBORNE PRECAUTION ROOM !!AN AIRBORNE PRECAUTION ROOM !!
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All Precaution SignsAll Precaution Signs
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CONTACT PRECAUTIONS
Place appropriate precaution bracelet on patient when Precautions are ordered orare deemed necessary. Refer to Infection Control Policies located on the Intranet
for specific Precaution procedures.
Precautions ArmbandsPrecautions Armbands
DROPLET PRECAUTIONS
AIRBORNE PRECAUTIONS
EXTENDED CONTACTPRECAUTIONS
MODIFIED CONTACTPRECAUTIONS
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Target MDROsTarget MDROs
Microorganisms resistantto one or more classes ofantimicrobials
– Vancomycin-resistantEnterococcus (VRE)
– Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
– Vancomycin-intermediateStaphylococcus aureus (VISA)
– Vancomycin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus (VRSA)
– Multidrug-resistant Gram-negativeBacilli (MDR-GNB)
– Multidrug-resistant Streptococcuspneumoniae (MDRSP)
– Clostridium difficile (C. diff)
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Not The Same Old BugsNot The Same Old Bugs
Provided with global transportation
Continuously adapting to newconditions– New hosts – rat to man; bird to man; cow
to man– New drugs – selection of survivor
pathogens: resistance
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Methods to prevent transmission ofMethods to prevent transmission ofMDROsMDROs
Standard precautions
Contact precautions
– criteria for initiation
– criteria for discontinuation
– modifications for various patient caresettings
– patient and visitor fact sheets
HealthcareTransmission
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Methods to prevent transmissionMethods to prevent transmissionofof MDROsMDROs Explicit instruction for cleaning
environmental surfaces Assessing cleaning adequacy via
environmental culturing Capturing the need for isolation prior to
admission on Hospital Bed Request Notification of healthcare facilities and
personnel prior to transfer ofcolonized/infected MDRO patients withinor between facilities
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INFECTION CONTROL
To remove patients from resistant organism isolation
– Maintain Standard Precautions
– MRSA
• Negative culture from original site
• No current infection or treatment
– VRE
• 3 negative rectal swab cultures over 3 weeks
• Negative original source
• No current infection or treatment
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INFECTION CONTROL PLAN
http://www.insite
– CDC Isolations recommendations
– Isolations Quick Reference
– TB Control Plan
– OSHA Exposure Control Plan
– Clinic plan/ambulatory care Plan
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INFECTION CONTROL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
– Proper disposal of contaminated materials
• All medical waste – Autoclave bags
• Sharps waste – needle boxes
• All soiled linen – considered contaminated– USE blue plastic bags at S&W
– USE pink bags with white liners at VAMC
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INFECTION CONTROL
EMPLOYEE HEALTH ISSUES– TB skin testing – on employment, post-
exposure, and as requested
– N-95 RESPIRATOR fit testing onemployment, annually as necessary
– Hepatitis B vaccine – complete series
– Immunization Documentation up to date• VARICELLA - history of chickenpox or complete
series
– Follow up contaminated exposures• Employee health x 45520
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Exposure means any Exposure to Blood or Body FluidsExposure means any Exposure to Blood or Body Fluidsmeans any Exposure to Blood or Body Fluids
Active acne
Atopic dermatitis
Bug bites
Burns
Cuts, scratches, abrasions
Chapped skin
Dermatitis/rash
Eczema
Fresh shave (razor burn)
Hang nails
Psoriasis
Needle stick
Splash
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Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment -- PPEPPE
Don PPE before contact with the patient,generally before entering the room
Use carefully – don’t spread contamination
Remove and discard carefully, either at thedoorway or immediately outside patientroom; remove respirator outside room
Immediately perform hand hygiene
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
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Sequence* for Donning PPESequence* for Donning PPE
Gown first
Mask or respirator
Goggles or face shield
Gloves
*Combination of PPE will affect sequence – bepractical
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
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““Contaminated” and “Clean” AreasContaminated” and “Clean” Areasof PPEof PPE Contaminated – outside front
• Areas of PPE that have or are likely to havebeen in contact with body sites, materials,or environmental surfaces where theinfectious organism may reside
Clean – inside, outside back, ties onhead and back
• Areas of PPE that are not likely to havebeen in contact with the infectiousorganism
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
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Sequence for Removing PPESequence for Removing PPE
Gloves
Face shield or goggles
Gown
Mask or respirator
PPE Use in Healthcare Settings
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“Do not eat, drink, smoke,apply cosmetics or lip balm,shave, or handle contactlenses in any area wherethere is a reasonablepotential for pathogen orbody fluid exposure.
Eating and/or drinking islimited to private offices,staff break rooms,conference rooms, thecafeteria, and designatedoutside picnic areas.”
NONO Eating in Patient Care AreasEating in Patient Care Areas
And Yes…ThisIncludes BottledDrinks At Nurses’Stations…………………
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S&W’S IC OFFICER IS:
John Loden Carpenter, MD
Hospital Epidemiologist, Chairman of Infection Control
INFECTION CONTROL DEPARTMENTINFECTION CONTROL DEPARTMENT
DIRECTOR:Shirley Jeandron, MSN, MBA
Phone: 4-6455Pager: 762-0941
IC PRACTITIONERS:
Karen Yates Callie Wilde Martha LandExt. 4-3241 Ext. 4-4917 Ext 4-4917Pager: 762-0926 Pager: 762-0082 Ext. 762-0925
FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT INFECTION CONTROL, CONTACT:
Dept. Ext. 724-4009 or E-mail: infectioncontrol @swmail.sw.org
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Isolation Signs VAMCAcute care
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STOPSTOPWash Hands onEntering andLeaving Room
GownFor Contact with
Patient, EnvironmentalSurfaces or Items in
Room
GlovesTo Enter the Room
Visitors: Report to Nurses’ Station Before Entering Room
Visitantes: Favor de Presentarse a La Sala De Enfermeras antes de Entraral Cuarto
Nutrition & Food Service Employees: May EnterEnter
CONTACT ISOLATION
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N95 or HEPARespirator
to Enter
Negative Air Pressure
Keep Door Closed
Wash Hands onEntering andLeaving Room
STOPSTOP
Visitors: Report to Nurses’ Station Before Entering Room
Visitantes: Favor de Presentarse a La Sala De Enfermeras antes de Entrar
al Cuarto
Nutrition & Food Service Employees: May NOTNOT enter
AIRBORNE ISOLATION
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STOPSTOPWash Hands on
Entering andLeaving Room
Mask to Enter Room
Visitors: Report to Nurses’ Station Before Entering Room
Visitantes: Favor de Presentarse a La Sala De Enfermeras antes de Entraral Cuarto
Nutrition & Food Service Employees: May NOTNOT enter
DROPLET ISOLATION
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Isolation Signs
Central Texas Veterans
Health Care System
Long Term Care
and
Nursing Home Care Units
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DROPLET ISOLATION
Use in Long Term Care & NursingHome Care Units
Mask is required to enter
– The Red Dot is to alert Nutrition and FoodService staff not to enter the patient’sroom…
– Nursing will take the food tray to the patient
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Before Entering RoomBefore Entering RoomStaffStaff && VisitorsVisitors: Report to Nurses’ StationReport to Nurses’ Station for Instructionsfor Instructions
ALTO!ALTO! Antes de Entrar al CuartoVisitantes: Favor de Presentarse a La Sala de EnfermerasFavor de Presentarse a La Sala de Enfermeras
Nutrition & Food Service Employees: May NotNot enterenter
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CONTACT ISOLATION
Use in Long Term Care & NursingHome Care Units
The Green Dot is to inform Nutrition andThe Green Dot is to inform Nutrition andFood Service employee it isFood Service employee it is OKOK totodeliver the food tray to the patient’sdeliver the food tray to the patient’sroomroom
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Before Entering RoomBefore Entering Room
All Staff & VisitorsAll Staff & Visitors: Report to Nurses’ StationReport to Nurses’ Station for Instructionsfor Instructions
ALTOALTO! Antes de Entrar al CuartoAntes de Entrar al Cuarto
VisitantesVisitantes: Favor de Presentarse a La Sala de EnfermerasFavor de Presentarse a La Sala de Enfermeras
Nutrition & Food Service Employees:Nutrition & Food Service Employees: MayMay EnterEnter
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The End
Proceed to the Post Test
Down load the Post Test
Complete the Post Test
Return the post test to:
– Dr. Sandra Oliver
– 407i TAMUII
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Post test Question 1
What is the single most importantthing that you can do to prevent thespread of infection?
__________________________
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Post Test Question 2Post Test Question 2
The CDC recommends that if a non-immune healthcare worker may takecare of an isolated patient withChicken Pox as long as a surgicalmask is worn by the healthcareworker.
True ____
False ____
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Post Test Question 3
What is a common organism thatrequires contact isolation
A. TB
B. VRE
C. Bacterial Meningitis
D. Measles