industrial statistics in india: an overview dr. bivas chaudhuri, director, cso, india sourav...
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Industrial Statistics in Industrial Statistics in India: India: An OverviewAn Overview
Dr. Bivas Chaudhuri, Director, CSO, IndiaSourav Chakrabarty, Director, NSSO, India
OverviewOverview
Organized Manufacturing Sector
Unorganized Manufacturing Sector
Economic Census
Business Register
Annual Survey of Services Sector
Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)Annual Survey of Industries (ASI)
Survey of Registered Manufacturing Units Continuing Since 1960
Coverage:
Sections 2(m)(i) and 2(m)(ii) of the Factories Act, 1948.
Bidi and Cigar manufacturing establishments registered under the Bidi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act 1966.
OTHER THAN Government Units
Data are collected under The Collection of Statistics Act, 1953/2008
Around 2,60,000 units in the Frame
ASIASI"Manufacturing Process“ has been defined [vide section 2(k)] in the Factories Act, 1948 as: "Any process for-
(i) making, altering, ornamenting, finishing, packing, oiling, washing, cleaning, breaking up, demolishing or otherwise treating or adapting any article or substance with a view to its use , sale , transport , delivery or disposal; or,
(ii) pumping oil, water or sewage ; or,(iii) generating, transforming or transmitting power;
or, (iv) composing types for printing by letter press,
lithography, photogravure or other similar process or book binding; or,
(v) constructing, reconstructing, repairing, refitting, finishing or breaking up ships or vessels.
(vi) preserving or storing any article in cold storage"
Cont…Cont…
Geographical Coverage: The ASI extends to the entire country.
Reference Period: The reference period (year) for ASI is the financial year (April-March) for all items. ◦ Reference period for ASI 2011-2012 is the financial
year April 2011 – March 2012.Survey Period: The actual survey period for
ASI is generally September to April every year. Industrial Classification: NIC 2008
developed on the basis of UN ISIC Rev. 4 is being adopted from ASI 2008-09 onwards.
Product Classification: NPCMS, 2011 developed based on Sections 0 to 4 of CPC, Ver. 2.0 has been used from ASI 2010-2011 onwards.
• At present, the Standing Committee on Industrial Statistics (SCIS) is the advisory committee for conducting the Annual Survey of Industries, headed by a renowned academics .
• Follows major guidelines of IRIS, 2008
• Follows ISIC and CPC in classification
ASI
IRIS-2008 and its ImplementationIRIS-2008 and its Implementation
Sr.
no
IRIS-2008 Action Taken
1 ISIC Rev 4 (R. 4c) NIC 2008
2 CPC Ver. 2 (R. 4c) NPCMS 2011
3 Scope of Industrial Statistics (R. 5)
As per ISIC, Rev. 4 Sect. B: Mining & quarryingSect. C: ManufacturingSect. D: Elect., gas etc.Sect. E: Water supply etc.
4 Short-term business statistics in the form of indices (R.10)
IIP with base 2004-05 [base year under revision]
5 Unregistered units (R. 11) NSS enterprise survey
Sampling Design in ASISampling Design in ASI List Frame: Chief Inspector of Factories
Sampling Design : Stratified Circular Systematic
Strata : Census and Sample
Census Sector: a) All industrial units belonging to the six less
industrially developed states/ UT’s., b) Units having 100 or more workers, and c) After excluding the Census Sector units as defined
above, d) All units belonging to the strata (State by 4-digit of NIC-
2008) having less than or equal to 4 units are also considered as Census Sector units.
Cont…Cont…
Sample Sector: Remaining units are arranged in order of their number of workers and samples are then drawn circular systematically considering sampling fraction of 18% within each stratum (State X Sector X 4-digit NIC) for all the states with a view to cover max. 60,000 units per year.
Residual Frame: After selecting the central sample in the way mentioned above, the remaining units in the sample sector are treated as residual frame for selection of sample units for the States/UTs.
Cont…ASI 2011-12
Estimation of Sampling Error in ASIEstimation of Sampling Error in ASI
For the sample sector units only.For all-India, the estimated variances
of the estimates will be as follows:
For ratio : at all-India, where
i
iYraVYraV )ˆ(ˆ)ˆ(ˆ
)ˆ(ˆˆ)ˆ,ˆ(ˆˆ2)ˆ(ˆ)ˆ(
1)ˆ(ˆ 2
2XVRYXvCoRYV
XRESM
X
YR
ˆ
ˆˆ
,X
,
= estimate of population total X, Y for the characteristics x, yY
Estimates of RSEEstimates of RSE
100
ˆ
ˆˆˆˆ
Y
YraVYESR
100
ˆ
ˆˆˆˆ
R
RESMRESR
Control of Non-Sampling ErrorControl of Non-Sampling Error
Record based survey
Experienced field investigators
Training to the field investigators
Close monitoring of field work
Data validation and scrutinization
ASI Schedule ASI Schedule StructureStructure
◦ Part I Structured in 14 blocks
◦ Part II Structured in 2 blocks
ASI Schedule Structure (Part ASI Schedule Structure (Part I)I)
• BLOCK A&B : Identification particulars• BLOCK C : Fixed Asset• BLOCK D : Working Capital• BLOCK E : Employment• BLOCK F : Other Expenses• Block G : Other Output/Receipts• BLOCK H : Indigenous Input• BLOCK I : Imported Input• Block J: Products & By-products• Block K: ICT indicators• Block L: Energy conservation measures• Block M&N: Particulars of field operation &
Comments of Scrutinizing Officer.
New Initiatives & Future Plan New Initiatives & Future Plan
Modern system of Collection of ASI Data e-schedule
◦ ASI 2008-09 on pilot basis◦ ASI 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 complete e-schedule
ASI Web-portal (www.csoisw.gov.in)◦ ASI 2012-13 (first time)
Frame updation Data Collection Data Processing Data Dissemination
Pooling of Central and State level ASI data District (sub-state) level estimates
Selected ASI Results.docx
Estimate of structural ratios and technical co.docx
IssuesIssues Concordance in classification
Suggestions In Division 11, Manufacturing of low alcoholic drinks (below 8%) like
Breezer may be separated out from 11011. In Division 13, sub-classification of Khadi industries is required at 5-digit
level under 1312, 1313, 1391-99 in NIC 2008. In Division 20, Manufacturing of Caustic Soda, Caustic Potash, main
input items of all soap and detergent industries needs a separate sub-class classification.
In Division 26, Manufacture of Surveillance equipment should be included in a sub-class under class 2630.
Under Division 27, a new upcoming industry with big domestic market Manufacture of Kitchen Chimney may be included in class 2750.
Under Division 31: Manufacture of Furniture, another activity Manufacture of decorative and ornamental articles ( non-precious) may be included.
Non-availability of separate classification of a major polluting activity like Manufacture of chlor-alkali ( caustic soda, caustic potash).
Issues for Issues for UNSD UNSD
Non availability of proper classificatory environmental indicators related activity and product. An indicator can be prefixed with the existing ISIC code.
Problem on concordance at ultimate digit to prepare time-series data. Defining ‘P’ is a problem.
Mixed ActivityExamples of industries red,orange,green category.docxIssue of Concordance.docxEstimate of RSE for few basic parameters at 2.docx
CSO (IS Wing) PublicationsCSO (IS Wing) Publications
Annual Survey of Industries- Vol. - I (in e-media from 2009-10)
Annual Survey of Industries – Vol. – II (In CD)
National Product Classification for Manufacturing Sector (NPCMS) – 2011
National Industrial Classification – 2008
The Journal of Industrial Statistics (bi-annual in March and September since 2012)
The Time Series data of ASI over last 25 years or more.
Data DisseminationData Dissemination ASI Data are disseminated both in printed and electronic forms
according to the National Data Dissemination Policy of the Govt. of India.
The printed publications are available at Sales Counters of Controller of Publication, New Delhi.
ASI data, published tables and customised special tables are now available in electronic media on request on chargeable basis.
The unit level data and customised tables are available at O/o the Deputy Director General, Computer Centre, Ministry of Statistics. & P. I. , East Block-10, R. K. Puram, New Delhi - 110066 .
Enquiries relating to procurement of data can be made at : Email : [email protected] Telephone :+91-11-26104194 ( Mr. D. R. Dagar, Deputy Director).
ISIC-Rev 3 Description
Value Added at Producers' prices(in billion USD)
Wages and salaries(in billion USD)
No. of employees(in Thousand No.)
No. of enterprises(in Number).
GFCF(in billion USD)
271Basic Iron and Steel 122.26 12.42 3044 7161 171.63
242 Other Chemicals 73.75 10.58 3037 17954 65.10
241 Basic Chemicals 60.09 6.76 2212 11042 105.98
272
Basic Precious and Non-Ferrous Metal 58.72 5.30 1487 6117 56.96
269
Non-metallic Mineral Products n.e.c 55.75 8.83 3774 21258 69.09
Top Five Industries in China based on GVA for the year 2007-08
Sources: UNIDO, 2011
ISIC-Rev 3 Description
Value Added at
Producers' prices
(in billion USD)
Wages and
salaries(in
billion USD)
No. of employee
s(in
Thousand No.)
No. of enterprises(in Number)
GFCF(in billion USD)
271Basic Iron and Steel 20.53 2.51 562.8 4098 7.44
232
Refined Petroleum Products 17.34 0.48 76.1 524 1.66
242Other Chemicals 10.57 1.99 665.4 8209 3.12
269
Non-metallic Mineral Products n.e.c 8.68 1.05 613 15234 3.28
241 Basic Chemicals 7.65 1.02 207.6 2921 2.19
Top Five Industries in India based on GVA for the year 2007-2008
Sources: UNIDO, 2011
Value added per employee (in USD) in China and India for the year 2007-2008
Sources: UNIDO, 2011
Wage and Salary per employee (in USD) in China and India for the year 2007-2008
Sources: UNIDO, 2011
Value added per enterprise (in USD) in China and India for the year 2007-2008
Sources: UNIDO, 2011
6th EC [ 2013] is in the field
Data are expected by 2013 end.
Economic Census.docx
Economic Census
Business RegisterBusiness Register
The initiatives have already been taken.
State DES are involved in preparation of business register.
On pilot basis States are updating the 5th EC Directory of Establishments for the preparation of Business Register.
On completion of 6th EC, State DES would update the Business Register at District level.
Annual Survey of Services Annual Survey of Services SectorSector
Service SectorService SectorNon agricultural and non-manufacturing
◦ It includes construction, wholesale or retail trade, hotels and restaurants, transport, storage & warehousing, communication, financing, insurance, real estate and business services, community, social and personal services, schools, hospitals, recreation and cultural services, community services such as temples, etc.
Government units are excluded.All over India Pilot survey was conducted during 2012-13
◦ 5th EC data used as frame
◦ Full Survey is proposed after 6th EC Frame
Unorganised Enterprise Unorganised Enterprise Surveys Surveys
Objective..Objective..
To get estimates of various economic and operational characteristics of unorganised enterprises in different sectors viz manufacturing, trade, services
Mainly two types of enterprises were considered- own account enterprises and establishments
Genesis..Genesis..
Economic Censuses (EC)- the frame for the follow-up surveys on non-agricultural enterprises including the non-household based units in the service sector
Enterprise SurveyEnterprise Survey
The latest NSS enterprise survey was conducted during its 67th round of operation (2010-11)
The enterprises covered in NSS 67th round were divided into three broad industry groups, viz. (i) manufacturing, (ii) trade and (iii) other service sector enterprises
This is the first time when NSS conducts integrated enterprise survey
Sampling Design..Sampling Design..
Generally stratified multi-stage design had been used by NSS for enterprise surveys
The first stage units (FSU) were the census
villages (Panchayat wards in case of Kerala) in the rural sector and Urban Frame Survey (UFS) blocks in the urban sector. The ultimate stage units (USU) were enterprises in both the sectors. In case of large FSUs, one intermediate stage of sampling was the selection of three hamlet-groups (hgs)/ sub-blocks (sbs) from each large rural/ urban FSU
Frame..Frame..
Census 2001 villages- Area Frame
EC-2005 list of enterprises – List Frame
Urban Frame Survey Blocks- Area Frame
Survey Period, Stratification, Survey Period, Stratification, Allocation..Allocation..
The survey period ( round) was of 1 year
The survey period was divided in to 4 equally spaced sub-rounds
A sample of 16,000 FSUs for central sample and 18,248 FSUs for state sample have been allocated at all-India level stratum
Out of 16000 FSUs for central survey, 15898 FSUs were actually surveyed
Some facts..Some facts.. Schedule designed based on SNA concepts NIC 2008 based on ISIC Rev. 4.0 was used While calculating the value addition, ‘taxes on production’
was not used considered as an ‘input’ (operating expenses) , although the same was collected
Similarly while calculating the value addition, ‘production subsidy/interest subsidy ’ was not used considered as an ‘output’ (receipts) , although the same was collected
Information on NPISH was collected Information on type of agreement of the enterprise with
other units were collected Compensation of workers were collected to arrive at total
emoluments Use of ICT by enterprises Valuation were made by using both production approach
and factor income approach
Survey Errors..Survey Errors..
Non sampling errors are controlled by:
Exhaustive training to the enumerators Exhaustive training to the data processing officials Pre data entry scrutiny Scrutiny at the data entry stage Outlier diagnostics
Sampling errors are computed and reported through ‘relative standard error’ on some important characteristics of the enterprise