industrial process safety

7/24/2019 Industrial Process Safety

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IndustrialProcess Safety

Prepared by:Engr. Sandra Enn Bahinting

ChE 150


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Chemical Hazard

any substance that can cause harm, primarily topeople

-Household items such as bleach can result in harmfulchlorine gas or hydrochloric acid

-Gasoline fumes from containers for lawnmowers orboats


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Chemical Stresses

Chemical compounds in the form of dusts,fumes, smokes, aerosols, mists, gases, vapors,

and liquids that may cause health problems by(1) inhalation (breathing); (2) by absorption(through direct contact with the skin) or (3) byingestion (eating or drinking).


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Inhalation The major hazard of employees exposure to

chemical compounds of airborne contaminantslike gases vapors and particulate matter.

Absorption through the skin can occur quiterapidly if the skin is cut or abraded. whencompounds exist either in liquid or gaseous

Absorption

eating or drinking harmful materials. Care andthorough wash-ups are required before eatingand at the end of every shift as well as thechange of clothing to avoid contaminating their

home environment

Ingestion


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PHYSICAL CLASSIFICATION OF AIRBORNE

MATERIAL


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Dust

airborne solid particles that range in size from 0.1to 25 m generated by handling, crushing,grinding, rapid impact, detonation anddecrepitation (breaking apart by heating) of

organic and inorganic materialsFumes

extremely fine, usually less than 1.0 m and

formed when volatilized solids such as metals arecondensed in cool air.

Examples are lead oxide fumes from smeltingand iron oxide fumes from arc welding.


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Aerosol

This hazard is created when carbon or sootparticles less than 0.1 min size as a result of anincomplete combustion of such carbonaceousmaterials.

Smoke

x

This hazard is created when carbon or soot

particles less than 0.1 m in size as a result of anincomplete combustion of such carbonaceousmaterials.


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MIST

Mists are suspended liquid droplets generatedby chemicals condensing from the gaseous tothe liquid state or by a liquid breaking into adispersed state by splashing, foaming oratomizing.

Example

oil mist from cutting and grinding operations,

acid mists from electroplating,acids or alkali mists from pickling


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Gases

Normally gases are formless fluids that occupythe space or enclosure in which they areconfined and that can be changed to the liquidor solid state only by combined effect ofincreased pressure and decreased temperature.

The gaseous forms of substances that appearnormally in the solid or liquid state at roomtemperature and pressure

Vapors


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LIQUID CHEMICALS


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Solvents

Liquid chemicals are typically used as feed stock, fuel orfuel additives, pesticides, lubricants, detergents andcleaning agents or degreasing or processing solvents.

Two types

Aqueous solvents are those that readily dissolve in water.Many acids, alkalis or detergents, when mixed with waterform aqueous solvent.

Organic solvents many of these chemicals do not mixedeasily with water but do dissolved other organic materialssuch as greases, oils and fats.


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SAFETY SIGNS and SYMBOLS


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Shower station

location of a firstaid station

Eye washstation

location of a fire blanket
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/L/1/1/safety-shower-sign.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/P/1/1/fire-blanket-sign.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/L/h/eyewashsymbol.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/M/h/firstaidsign.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/L/1/1/safety-shower-sign.jpg


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Chemical Hazard Symbols


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hazard symbol forradioactive material

ionizing radiation warningsymbol

hazard symbol forflammable substances

hazard symbol for explosivesor an explosion hazard
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/P/d/radioactive.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/B/d/explosives.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/D/d/flammable.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/Q/d/ionizingradiation.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/P/d/radioactive.jpg


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hazard symbol indicatingcorrosive materials

This sign warns of abiohazard
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/h/h/biohazard.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/h/h/biohazard.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/h/h/biohazard.jpg


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Personal Protective Equipment


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respiratory protection is required

wear gloves or other hand

protection

mandatory eye or face protection
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/H/h/respiratoryprotection.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/O/h/faceprotection.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/I/h/glovesrequired.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/H/h/respiratoryprotection.jpg


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mandatory use ofprotective clothing

mandatory use ofprotective footwear

proper eye protectionmust be worn

indicates ear protection is required
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/r/h/useprotectivefootwear.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/S/1/1/eye-protection-required.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/T/1/1/earprotectionrequired.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/T/1/1/earprotectionrequired.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/S/1/1/eye-protection-required.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/r/h/useprotectivefootwear.jpghttp://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/i/h/protectiveclothing.jpg


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HAZARD COMMUNICATION

An inventory and assessment of chemicalhazards in the workplace.

Development and use of labels thatdescribe the hazards of chemicals andthe protective measures to use. Exampleis the Standard Hazard Signal.

Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) thatdetail chemical hazard and precautioninformation.


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Training on identifying hazard, includingspecific chemicals or groups of chemicalswith which employee works.

Written programs that describe how thecompany intends to accomplish thesetasks and provides documentation thatworkers have been trained.

industrial process safety

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