indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

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INDONESIAN PEOPLE IN PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC TIMES/MASYARAKAT INDONESIA MASA PRA-AKSARA DAN MASA AKSARA Arranged by / Di Susun oleh: Anita Juni Yanti Bella Mustika Sari Devika Kumara Danisa Ratna Puri Elsa Triana Sari Yessi Nadia Giatma

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Page 1: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

INDONESIAN PEOPLE IN PRE-HISTORIC AND HISTORIC TIMES/MASYARAKAT INDONESIA MASA PRA-AKSARA DAN

MASA AKSARA

Arranged by / Di Susun oleh: Anita Juni Yanti Bella Mustika Sari Devika Kumara Danisa Ratna Puri Elsa Triana Sari Yessi Nadia Giatma

Page 2: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

Pre-Historic Time/Masa Pra-Aksara

Prehistoric time was the period of human life in wich people had not known writing or letter of the alphabet.

Masa Pra-Aksara merupakan masa kehidupan manusia yang belum mengenal tulisan ayau istilah lainnya masa atau zaman prasejarah

Page 3: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Way Prehistoric People Recorded and Inherited Their Past/Cara Masyarakat Pra-Aksara Merekam dan

Mewariskan Masa Lalu

One has go through a very long process to learn to integrate themself with the surroundings/Seseorang harus melalui proses yang sangat panjang untuk belajar berintegrasi dengan lingkungannya.

He will have to integrate themselves with the nature and the sociocultural environment/Ia akan belajar menyatukan dirinya dengan lingkungan alam maupun lingkungan sosial budayanya

The process of adaptation to the social environment is called socialization/Proses menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungannya disebut sosialisasi

The process of adaptation to the nature is called enculturation/Proses menyesuaikan diri dengan lingkungan budaya disebut enkulturasi

Page 4: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

Means of Inheriting Culture in Prehistoric Time/ Sarana Pewarisan Kebudayaan Masa Pra-Aksara

FamilyKeluarga

Material

Nonmaterial

Page 5: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The characteristic and components wiil be inherited from generation to generation in the from of/Ciri dan

komponen tersebut akan selalu turun-temurun dalam bentuk :

Ways/Cara-cara

Habits/Kebiasaan

Norms of Behavior/Tata Kelakuan

Customes/Adat-Istiadat

Page 6: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

Traditions of Indonesian People before They Knew Writing/Tradisi Sejarah Masyarakat Indonesia Sebelum

Mengenal Tulisan

To discuss the traditions of Indonesian people before they knew writing, we can look at the universal elements of culture, based on the degree of abstractness and concretteness as follows

Untuk membahas tradisi masyarakat Indonesia sebelum mengenal tulisan, dapat kita lihat dari unsur kebudayaan universal berdasarkan tingkat keabstrakan dan kekonkretannya, yaitu sebagai berikut

Page 7: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Technology or Tools/Sistem Teknologi atau Peralatan

Since prehistoric time, Indonesian people have known technology, for making various life tools, including those made of stone, bronze, as well as metal/Sejak zaman prasejarah, masyarakat Indonesia telah mengenal teknologi untuk membuat berbagai macam peralatan hidup, termasuk beralatan yang terbuat dari batu, perunggu, maupun logam

The tools were used for different purposes, such as hunting, farming, household activities and others, so in Indonesia there were two prehistoric periods based on technology, those were the stone age and the metal age/Berbagai macam peralatan dipergunakkan untuk macam-macam keperluan, misalnya untuk berburu, berladang,bercocok tanam,alat rumah tangga,dll, sehingga di Indonesia dikenal dua zaman prasejarah berdasarkan teknolginya, yaitu zaman batu dan zaman logam.

Page 8: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Livelihood/Sistem Mata Pencaharian

System of lifelihoodhas been developed by humans to maintain their life/Sistem mata pencaharian dikembangkan oleh manusia untuk mempertahankan hidupnya

Besides maintaining life, there was another factor which affected the type of lifelihoods of a tribe, namely the condition of natural resoursces which were ready to be processed, and this made each tribe have different lifelihoods and different foods or dishes produced. Therefore, to obtains goods from other parties, people developed a system of trade called barter , or the exchange of goods./Selain mempertahankan hidup, ada faktor lain yang mempengaruhi jenis mata pencaharian dari suku, yaitu kondisi sumberdaya alam yang siap untuk diproses, dan ini membuat suku masing-masing memiliki mata pencaharian berbeda dan makanan yang berbeda atau piring yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu, untuk barang memperoleh dari pihak lain, orang mengembangkan sistem perdagangan yang disebut barter, atau pertukaran barang.

Page 9: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Social Organization/Sistem Organisasi Sosial

Humans are social beings whho cannot live alone. Therefore, humans live in groups. These groups are known as tribe/Manusia merupakan makhluk sosial yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri. Oleh karena itu, manusia hidup berkelompok. Hal inilah yang dikenal dengan suku bangsa

There were also rules for organizing the tribe members, as follows/Terdapat pula aturan-aturan untuk mengorganisir abggotanya, yaitu sebagai berikut

1. Union of Descent/Kesatuan Keturunan2. Territorial Union/Kesatuan Kedaerahan3. Social and Religious Union/Kesatuan Sosial Religius4. Communal Social Union/Kesatuan Sosial Bersifat

Paguyuban5. Mutual Social Union/Kesatuan Sosial Bersifat Patembayan

Page 10: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Knowledge/Sistem Pengetahuan

Every society develops its own system of knowledge in order to retain its existence and be able to adapt to surroundings.The system 0f knowledge is abtained from learning from experience.

Setiap masyarakat mengembangkan pengetahuannya masing-masing dengan tujuan mempertahankan hidup agar bisa beradaptasi dengan lingkungannya. Sistem pengetahuan didapat dari hasil belajar mereka dan pengalamn yang pernah mereka alami.

Page 11: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Arts/Sistem Kesenian

Many tribes in Indonesia are wellknown for different kinds of arts,such as the following/Pada berbagai suku bangsa di Indonesia, dikenal berbagai ragam kesenian, misalnya sebagai berikut:

1. The art of earthenware or prottery making/seni gerabah atau tembikar

2. Sculpture/seni pahat atau seni ukir3. The art of weaving/seni tenun4. Music and vocal arts/seni musik dan seni suara5. Literature and drama/seni sastra dan drama6. Batik arts/seni batik7. Architectureand traditional houses/seni bangunan dan

bentuk rumah adat8. Art of handcrafts/seni kerajinan atau seni kriya

Page 12: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Religion

The system of religion is the belief embraced by humans/sistem religi merupakan kepercayaan yang dianut umat manusia

Our prehistoric people already had a religion from the vey beginning, weather it was animism or dynamism/Masyarakat prasejarah kita sejak awal sudah mempunyai religi, baik yang bersifat animisme maupun dinamisme

In practice, prehistoric people use five components as follows/Dalam pelaksanaannya, masyarakat prasejarah menggunakan 5 komponen yaitu sebagai berikut:

1. Religious Emotion/Emosi Keagamaan2. System of Belief/Sistem Keyakinan3. System of Rytes and Ceremonies/Sistem Ritus dan Upacara4. Reigion Believers/Umat Agama5. Equipment for Rites and Ceremonies/Peralatan Ritus dan

Upacara

Page 13: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Languange

Languange is a means of communication In the form of vocal symbols with meanings wich can only be understoon by the people using same languange/Bahasa merupakan alat komunikasi dalam bentuk perlambang bunyi yang mempunyai makna yang hanya dipahamioleh orang yang memakai bahasa yang sama.

In the life of prehistoric Indonesian people, languange fuctionsas a means of communication, socialization, and so forth/Bahasa dalam kehidupan sejarah Indonesia berfungsi sebagai alat komunikasi, sosialisasi, dan lain-lain.

Page 14: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

Knowing Traditions From Historical Traces/Mengenal Tradisi Melalui jejak-

jejak sejarah

Page 15: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

Indonesian people In Historic/Masyarakat Indonesia

Masa Aksara Historic time is the period in which

humans have known writing as a means of communication.

Masa Aksara ialah masa dimana manusia telah mengenal tulisan sebagai alat komunikasinya.

Page 16: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Development of Scripts in Indonesia/Perkembangan Aksara-

aksara di Indonesia Our Country is an archipelago, so we have many

islands, straits and seas which positively affect trade by sea routes/Bentuk wilayah kita adalah negara kepulauan, sehingga kita mempunyai banyak pulau, selat dan laut mempunyai dampak positif terhadap jalur perdagangan jalur laut.

Indian influence in Indonesia was very strong. The evidence can be seen in the inscrption/pengaruh India bagi Indonesia sangat kuat. Bukti adanya pengaruh dari India dapat kita lihat dari tulisan yang terdapat pada prasasti

Page 17: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Development of Indonesian People in Historic Time/Perkembangan Masyarakat

Masa Aksara

Script/

Aksara

Languange/Bahasa

Trade/Per-

dagangan

Religion propagation/Pen

ye baran Agama

Type of culture/Corak Kebudayaan

Culture/Budaya

Social/Sosial

Government/

Pemerintahan

Page 18: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Development of Indonesian People in Historic Time/Perkembangan Masyarakat

Indonesia Masa Aksara

From the diagram above, we know that the development of Indonesian people after they knew scripts went extraordinarily fast, because the script could enchance the use of languanges as effective means of communication in different areas.

Dari bagan diatas dapat diketahui bahwa perkembangan masyarakat Indonesia setelah mengenal tulisan mengalami perubahan yang sangat luar biasa, karena dengan aksara dapat meningkatkan penggunaan bahasa sebagai alat komunikasi yang efektif dalam berbagai bidang

Page 19: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

Social System and Structure/Sistem dan Struktur Sosial

One of the effects of the coming of Hindusm was the implementation of caste system among Indonesian people/Salah satu pengaruh masuknya agama Hindu yaitu diterapkannya sistem kasta

The levels are/Kasta itu berupa : Brahmin Caste /Kasta Brahmana Kshatrya Caste/Kasta ksatria Vaisya Caste/Kasta Waisya Sudra Caste/Kasta Sudra

Page 20: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Continue/Lanjutan

In Buddhism, the position or level of a human being is determined by the human themselves through various efforts, and the levels are follows/Dalam Agama Buddha posisi manusia ditentukan oleh usaha manusia melalui berbagai usaha, yaitu :

Group of Bhikshu or Bhikshuni/Kelompok masyarakat Bhiksu dan Bhiksuni

Group of Common People/Kelompok Masyarakat Umum

Page 21: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Government/Sistem Pemerintahan

One of the Indian influences on governance was the change of tribal system into monarchies and the changes of tribe heads into hereditary kings/Masuknya pengaruh India dalam bidang pemerintahan, salah satunya mengubah sistem suku menjadi kerajaan-kerajaan dan merubah adat pemilihan kepala suku yang dipilih dari anggota kelompok suku menjadi raja secara turun-temurun.

Page 22: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

System of Culture/Sistem Budaya

The influence of Indian culture was very strong in Indonesia and almost certainly determined the direction of Indonesian people’s development/Pengaruh sistem budaya dari India sangat kuat di Indonesia dan hampir bisa dipastikan menentukan arah perkembangan masyarakat di Indonesia

The influences of Indian culture was evident in the following matters/Salah satu pengaruh kebudayaan India adalah dalam hal-hal berikut.

I. Writing/TulisanII. Architecture/Seni BangunanIII. Literarture/Kesustraan

Page 23: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Way Historic People Record and Inherit the Past/Cara Masyarakat Aksara Merekam dan

Mewariskan Masa Lalu

Since the coming of Indian influence, Indonesian people began to know scripts/Setelah masuknya pengaruh India, maka masyarakat Indonesia mulai mengenal tulisan.

The written notes may be in the form of/Catatan tertulis tersebut dapat berbentuk :

a) Inscriptons/Prasastib) Books/Kitabc) Documents/dokumend) etc.

Page 24: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

The Continue

Besides writen notes, historic people also inherited a lot of other remains, such as/Selain dalam bentuk tulisan, masyarakat masa aksara banyak mewariskan peninggalan-peninggalan yang lain, misalnya:

Temples/Candi Mosques/Masjid Statutes of Gods/Patung Dewa Engravings and Metal Objects/Seni Ukir

dan Barang-barang Logam

Page 25: Indonesian people in pre historic and historic times

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