Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ

vkf[kj D;ksa djrh gSHkktik fojks/k \

Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrk

çdk’kdh;çdk’kdh;çdk’kdh;çdk’kdh;çdk’kdh;

Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrk iwjs ns'k esa ppkZ dkfo"k; cuk gqvk gSA ;wih, ljdkj ds 'kkludky esa gks jgsbl le>kSrs esa reke ,slh ckrsa gSa] ftlus ns'kokfl;ksa dsekFks ij fpark dh ydhjsa [khap nh gSaA

eq[; foi{kh ny ds ukrs Hkktik izkjEHk ls ghHkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrs dk lM+d ls ysdj lalnrd fojksèk dj jgh gSaA tcfd okeiaFkh ny dsoy vaèkvesfjdk fojksèk ds pyrs bl le>kSrs dk fojksèk dj jgsgSA Hkktik ;g pkgrh gS fd ;g le>kSrk cjkcjh dsvkèkkj ij gks vkSj Hkkjr dh lEizHkqrk ij vkap u vk,A

Hkktik us le;&le; ij bl le>kSrs ds fojksèk esatks oLrqijd rF;] izsl O;DrO; vkSj laln esa ppkZ dsnkSjku viuk vfHker izLrqr djrh jgh gS mUgha lc rF;ksadks ladfyr dj ge ,d iqfLrdk izdkf'kr dj jgs gSaAvk'kk gS ns'k ds ukxfjd bls i<+dj Hkkjr&vesfjdkijek.kq le>kSrs ls laHkkfor [krjksa dks tku ldsaxsA

çdk'kdçdk'kdçdk'kdçdk'kdçdk'kdHkkjrh; turk ikVhHkkjrh; turk ikVhHkkjrh; turk ikVhHkkjrh; turk ikVhHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ

11 v’kksd jksM] ubZ fnYyh&110001

vxLr 2008

lEiknd dh vksj lslEiknd dh vksj lslEiknd dh vksj lslEiknd dh vksj lslEiknd dh vksj ls---

U;wfDy;j Mhy dk fojksèk djus okys Hkh Hkkjrh; gSa vkSj leFkZu djus okysHkh Hkkjrh;A tks yksx fojksèk esa gSa os vius rdksZa vkSj rF;ksa ls bls Hkkjr ds fy,vfgrdkjh crk jgs gSa vkSj tks yksx leFkZd gSa os bl Mhy dks Hkkjr fgrS"kh crkjgs gSaA ,sls le; esa uhfr'kkL= dgrk gS fd vPNk 'kkld og gS tks vius rF;ksavkSj rdksZa ls lkeus okys ds rF;ksa vkSj rdksZa dks detksj dj nsa vkSj tks fojksèkesa gSa mudks vius lgh rdksZa vkSj rF;ksa ls vius i{k esa dj ysaA U;wfDy;j Mhyds elys ij lÙkki{k ¼;wih,½ us bls Hkkjr dh izfr"Bk ds ctk; vius xBcaèkudh izfr"Bk dk loky cuk fy;k vkSj blfy, mlus r; fd;k fd os fojksèkh i{kdh ckrsa lqusaxs gh ughaA ;wih, ds bl d`R; dks yksdra= dk èkeZ ugha cfYd lÙkkdk gBèkeZ ekuk tk,xkA gBèkfeZrk ls u 'kklu py ikrk gS vkSj u turk dkHkyk gks ikrk gSA

;g djkj nks O;fDr;ksa ds chp dk ugha gS] nks jk"Vªksa ds chp dk gSA ,slsdjkjksa ds nwjxkeh ifj.kke gksrs gSaA ;s ek= dkxtksa ds fu.kZ; ugha gksrs gSa( ;sfu.kZ; dkjxj gksrs gSa] tokcnsg gksrs gSaA vr% 'kklu dh ;g ftEesnkjh gks tkrhgS fd og ns'k dks crk;sa] foi{k dks le>k;sa fd mudk djkj tufgr dknLrkost gSA ij ;wih, us ,slk ugha fd;kA xksiuh;rk dk lgkjk ysdj ;wih, us;g dg fn;k fd ;g nLrkost lHkh dks ugha fn[kk;k tk ldrkA fdruh cM+hfoMacuk gS fd ns'k dk nLrkost ns'k dks ugha fn[kk;k x;kA ;gha le> esa vkrkgS fd bl nLrkost esa dgha u dgha dkyk gSA pfy, vkius ns'k ls nLrkost Nqikfy;k ij bruk rks dj ldrs Fks tks nLrkost ds fojksèk esa Fks mUgsa cqykdj fojksèkdk dkj.k rks iwN ysrsA ;wih, us ,slk Hkh ugha fd;kA fQj fd;k D;k\ ns'k dksgh nkao ij yxk fn;kA tc ckr ugha cuh rks yksdra= dks Hkh nkao ij yxkusls ijgst ugha fd;kA D;k dksbZ blls vlger gks ldrk gS fd bl Mhy dsleFkZu esa 275 lkaln Fks vkSj 256 fojksèk esaA D;k ;s 256 lkaln ns'kfgr ughatkurs\ D;k ;s ijek.kq le>kSrk ds ckjs esa dqN ugha tkurs\ ;g varj D;k cgqrcM+k varj gS\ fQj ;s la[;k dSls iwjh dh xbZ\ D;k ijek.kq le>kSrk dh le>ds fy, 3&3 djksM+ #i, dh vko';drk iM+rh gSA vkf[kj ;g lc D;ksa fd;kx;k\ yksdra= dks ywVus dk ;g dkSu lk rjhdk gS\ ,slk djkj fdl dke dk

tks laln dh e;kZnk rksM+ ns] laln lnL;ksa dh xfjek nkao ij yxk nsA ljdkjnkao ij yx tk;sA yksdra= dh Mksj nykyksa ds gkFk esa igqap tk;sA

ijek.kq djkj dks ysdj nks nyhysa ;wih, }kjk nh tkrh gSA ,d rks ;g fdHkkjr dh ÅtkZ t:jrsa iwj gks ldsaxhA nwljk] Hkkjr vesfjdk lesr ,u,lthns'kksa ls ijek.kq bZaèku vkSj rduhd dk vknku&iznku dj ldsxkA

nwljh vksj Hkktik lesr vusd jktuhfrd ny ijek.kq djkj dk fojksèk djjgs gSaA ijek.kq le>kSrs dks ysdj okeiaFkh nyksa dk :[k iwokZxzg ls xzflr gSAmUgsa jk"Vªh; fgrksa ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA os viuh vaèk vesfjdk fojksèk dspyrs bl le>kSrs dk fojksèk dj jgs gSA txtkfgj gS fd Hkkdik vkSj ekdikphu vkSj :l ds ikl ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dk rks leFkZu djrs gSa] ijarq Hkkjr dsvius ijek.kq fuokjd 'kL=ksa dk fojksèk djrs gSaA Hkktik izkjaHk ls gh bl djkjds fojksèk esa viuk i{k turk ds chp j[k jgh gSA ikVhZ dk dguk gS fd Hkfo";esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k u dj ikus ds pyrs Hkkjr ds ijek.kq 'kfDr laiUu gksus esackèkk vk,xhA bl djkj ls gekjh jk"Vªh; laizHkqrk izHkkfor gksxhA Hkktik ijek.kqle>kSrs dk fojksèk blfy, dj jgh gS D;ksafd ;g le>kSrk Hkkjr ds lkefjdfgrksa ds lkFk le>kSrk gksxkA

izèkkuea=h MkW- eueksgu flag us 17 vxLr 2006 dks laln esa oknk fd;kFkk fd Hkkjr fdlh lwjr esa xSj ijek.kq laiUu jk"Vª dk ntkZ ugha Lohdkj djsxkysfdu lsQxkMZ le>kSrs esa Hkkjr dks vejhdk] :l] fczVsu] Qzkal o phu dh rjgijek.kq 'kfDr laiUu jk"Vª dk ntkZ ugha fn;k x;k gSA

ns'k ds LokfHkeku dks cspus dh btktr fdlh dks ugha nh tk ldrhA ns'kfdlh ,d O;fDr vkSj ny dk ugha gSA ns'k ,d&,d Hkkjrh; dk gSA ij ,slkdjkj tks Hkkjr dh Hkkjrh;rk dks pksV igqapk,] mls dksbZ Hkh Hkkjrh; dcwy ughadjsxkA ;wih, vkSj mlds pkVqdkj ?kVd nyksa us ns'k ds LokfHkeku ds lkFk tksf[kyokM+ fd;k] mls Hkkjroklh ekQ ugha djsaxsA lÙkk esa tc ;wih, vkbZ Fkh rks337 lkalnksa dk leFkZu Fkk vkSj pkj lky chrus ds ckn ek= 275 lkalnksa dkleFkZu tqVk ikbZ vkSj og Hkh nqfu;k tkurh gS [kjhn Qjks[r lsA Hkxoku ds ?kjesa nsj gS vaèksj ughaA turk vkxkeh yksdlHkk o foèkkulHkk pqukoksa esa ;wih, lstokc ekaxsxhA

çHkkr >kçHkkr >kçHkkr >kçHkkr >kçHkkr >kjk”Vªh; lfpo o lkalnjk”Vªh; lfpo o lkalnjk”Vªh; lfpo o lkalnjk”Vªh; lfpo o lkalnjk”Vªh; lfpo o lkaln

Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZHkkjrh; turk ikVhZ

1 2

123 le>kSrs dk d [k x

& ;'koar flUgk& ;'koar flUgk& ;'koar flUgk& ;'koar flUgk& ;'koar flUgk

bl ys[k dk mÌs'; ljy 'kCnksa eas Hkkjr&vejhdh ijek.kq le>kSrs dsfufgrkFkksZa dks le>uk gS] ftls 123 le>kSrs ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrkgSAvejhdh dkaxzsl us 1954 esa ,d dkuwu cuk;k Fkk] ftldk uke Fkk

^;w,l ,Vkfed ,uthZ ,DV*] ftlds vUrxZr vejhdh ljdkjvlSU; ijek.kq {ks= esa nwljs ns'kksa ds lkFk lg;ksx djus ds fy,f}i{kh; le>kSrs dj ldrh FkhA bl ,DV dh èkkjk 123 esavejhdh ljdkj dks vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gS fd og bl izdkj dsle>kSrs dj ldrh gS vkSj blfy, ,sls lHkh le>kSrksa dks Hkh 123le>kSrs* dk uke fn;k tkrk gSA

èkkjk 123 esa ijek.kq 'kL=kL= jkT;ksa rFkk xSj&ijek.kq 'kL=kL= jkT;ksa&nksuksads fy, gh bl izdkj ds lg;ksx ds fy, fofHkUu 'krsZa fuèkkZfjr dhxbZ gSaA Hkkjr dksbZ ekU;rk&izkIr ijek.kq 'kL=kL= jkT; ugha gSvkSj blfy, xSj&ijek.kq 'kL=kL= jkT;ksa ij fuèkkZfjr 'krsZa Hkkjr ijykxw gkasxhA

Hkkjr }kjk 1974 esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k djus ds ckn ;w,l dkaxzsl us 1978esa ijek.kq vizlkj vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;k vkSj vejhdh ljdkj dsfy;s ;g ckè;dkjh cuk fn;k fd og Hkkjr tSls ns'k ds lkFk]ftlus ijek.kq ijh{k.k fd;k gS] ,slk dksbZ le>kSrk rHkh dj ldrhgS tc ;w,l dkaxszsl us vejhdh izsthMs.V dks ;g dkuwu cukus dsckn tks vfèkdkj fn, gS] mls dkaxzsl 1954 ds vejhdh dkuwu esa

fn, dqN izkoèkku ykxw djus ds fy, vkLFkfxr dj nsA fnlEcj2006 esa ;w,l dkaxzzsl }kjk ikfjr ;w,l bf.M;k ihlQqy vVkfed,uthZ dks&vkijs'ku ,DV] 2006 ds :i esa ;g dkuwu yk;k x;kAvejhdk esa ,slh i)fr gS fd dkaxzsl esa tks lnL; fcy is'k djrkgS] mlh ds uke ij ml ,DV dks Lohdkj dj fy;k tkrk gS]blfy, bl ,DV dks gkbM ,DV ds uke ls Hkh tkuk tkrk gSD;ksafd Jh gsujh ts- gkbM us bls vejhdh dkaxzsl esa vfUre :ils is'k fd;k FkkA

tc izèkkuea=h eueksgu flag us tqykbZ 2005 esa okf'kaxVu dk nkSjkfd;k Fkk rks ml le; ewyr% vlSU; ijek.kq {ks= esa lg;ksx dk ;gle>kSrk lEiUu gqvk Fkk vkSj 18 tqykbZ 2005 dks izsthMs.V cq'kds lkFk ,d la;qDr oDrO; tkjh fd;k x;k FkkA mi;qZDr la;qDroDrO; esa Hkkjr }kjk vlSU; rFkk lSU; ijek.kq lqfoèkkvksa ds chpdh xbZ ?kks"k.kk ds vuq:i Hkkjr dks bl i)fr dk nwljk dnemBkuk FkkA tc izsthMs.V cq'k us Hkkjr dk nkSjk fd;k rks 2 ekpZ2006 dks bldh ?kks"k.kk lEiUu gqbZA bl i)fr ds rhljs dne ds:i eas vejhdh dkaxzsl dks ^bf.M;k LisflfQd osoj fcy* ikldjuk Fkk ftls gkbM ,DV ikfjr gksus ij fd;k x;kA

123 le>kSrk lEiUu gksus ds ckn rhu vkSj dne Hkh mBk, tkus FksAigys dne ds :i esa Hkkjr dks baVjus'kuy vVkfed ,uthZ ,tsalhds ikl vius lHkh vlSU; ijek.kq lqfoèkkvksa ds lqj{kk&mik;le>kSrs dks lEiUu djus ds fy, tkuk Fkk tSlk fd 2 ekpZ 2006ds i`FkDdj.k ;kstuk esa ?kks"k.kk dh xbZ FkhA lqj{kk&mik, le>kSrsdk vFkZ ;g gS fd bu lHkh lqfoèkkvksa dk vUrjkZ"Vªh; fujh{k.kle;&le; ij vkSj tc Hkh vko';drk le>h tk,] vkbZ,bZ,dj ldrh gSA

bl i)fr ds nwljs pj.k esa Hkkjr vkSj vejhdk dks dkjZokbZ djuh Fkhfd os ijek.kq vkiwfrZdrkZ lewg ¼,u,lth½ ds ikl tkdj viuhizfdz;k esa la'kksèku djsa vkSj Hkkjr dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; ijek.kq O;kikj esa'kkfey gksus dh vuqefr nsaA bl ,u,lth esa 45 ns'k gSa] tks ,dizdkj dk bu ns'kksa }kjk ijek.kq lkexzh ds O;kikj ds fy, cuk;kx;k izkbosV Dyc gSA bu ns'kksa dks ,sls ns'kksa ds lkFk O;kikj djus

ys[kys[kys[kys[kys[k

3 4

dh eukgh gS tks mudh vuqeksfnr lwph esa ugha gSA oLrqr% 1974 esaiks[kj.k ijh{k.k ds ckn Hkkjr dks ijek.kq O;kikj ls gVkus ds fy,;g xzqi cuk;k x;k FkkA

vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk lqj{kk le>kSrs vkSj ,u,lth ds lkFk le>kSrk gksusds ckn 123 le>kSrs ds vUrxZr blds vfUre vuqeksnu ds fy,;w,l dkaxzsl ds ikl fQj ls tkuk FkkA ,slk gksus ds ckn gh 123le>kSrs dks vfUre :i ls Lohdkj ekuk tkrkA

Hkkjr ljdkj us vejhdk ds lkFk bl le>kSrs ds fy, rhu dkj.k crk,gSaA igyk] 1947 ds izFke ijek.kq ijh{k.k ds ckn ls ftl rjg lsHkkjr dks vyx&Fkyx dj fn;k Fkk] og lekIr gks tk,xhA nwljs]blls Hkkjr vkSj vfèkd fctyh dk mRiknu dj ldsxk vkSj ns'kesa fctyh dh deh lekIr gks tk,xhA rhljs] blls Hkkjr vkSjvejhdk ds lEcaèk lkSgknZiw.kZ gks tk,axs vkSj Hkkjr egk'kfDr cutk,xkA vkb,] ge bu dkj.kkas dh O;kogkfjdrk dh tkap djsaA

Hkkjr us 1954 esa cgqr igys rhu&Lrjh; ijek.kq dk;Zdze rS;kj djfy;k FkkA igys Lrj ij ^izs'kjkbTM gSoh okVj fj,DVj* dksLFkkfir djuk Fkk] ftlls esa fctyh mRiknu ds fy, baZèku ds :iesa izkd`frd ;wjsfu;e dk iz;ksx fd;k tkuk FkkA ftl bZaèku dkbLrseky gks pqdrk gS] mls ^LisaV ¶;wy* vFkkZr~ iz;qDr bZaèku dgktkrk gS vkSj IywVksfu;e tSls rÙoksa ls bl iz;qDr bZaèku ds iqu%lalkèku ds ckn bldk fQj ls iz;ksx gks ldrk gSA nwljs Lrj ij^QkLV czhMj fj,DVjksa* dh LFkkiuk djuh Fkh] ftlesa izFke Lrj esaiz;qDr izkd`frd ;wjsfu;e ls izkIr IywVksfu;e dk bLrseky fd;ktkuk FkkA bl ^QkLV czhMj fj,DVj* dh fo'ks"k [kwch ;g gS fdblls oLrqr% fctyh iSnk djus ds ckn Hkh iz;qDr bZaèku ls Hkh vkSjvfèkd bZaèku fey tkrk gSA vr% ge vius ns'k esa ;wjsfu;e dh dehdks iwjk dj ldrs gSaA dk;Zdze ds rhljs Lrj ij gesa vius fo'kkyFkksfj;e Hk.Mkjksa dk bLrseky djuk Fkk vkSj bZaèku ds :i esaIywVksfu;e ,oa Fkksfj;e dk bLrseky dj fctyh dk mRiknudjuk FkkA bl f=&Lrjh; dk;Zdze dks ;g ckr è;ku esa j[k djrS;kj fd;k x;k Fkk fd gesa vius gh izkd`frd lalkèku miyCèkjgsaA igys gh geus izFke Lrj dks lQyrkiwoZd iwjk dj fy;k FkkA

tgka rd nwljs Lrj dk lEcaèk gS] 20 o"kksZa ls QkLV czhMj VsLVfj,DVj dke dj jgs gSaA vc 500 eS-ok- dk izksVksVkbi QkLV czhMjfj,DVj fuekZ.kkèkhu gS tks 2010@11 rd iwjk gks tkuk pkfg,Abl izksVksVkbi fj,DVj dh lQyrkiwoZd iwjk djus ds ckn ge ,slsvkSj Hkh fj,DVj cukus dh fLFkfr esa gksaxs rFkk vfèkd ls vfèkd2025 rd ge Fkksfj;e fj,DVjksa dh fn'kk esa vkxs c<+ ldsaxsA bllsge bZaèku rFkk VsDukykth ds ekeyksa esa iwjh rjg ls vkRefuHkZj gkstk,axsA QkLV czhMj rFkk Fkksfj;e VsDuksykth] nksuksa gh fcuk fdlhckgjh enn ds] gekjs oSKkfudksa rFkk bathfu;jksa us rS;kj dh gSaAvr% gesa vius oSKkfudksa rFkk bathfu;jksa dk vfHkuUnu djukpkfg, ftUgksaus ;g lc dqN laHko cuk;k gS] u fd gesa mudhmiyfCèk;ksa dh vuns[kh djuh pkfg,A 18 tqykbZ 2005 la;qDroDrO; esa Hkh Hkkjr dks vejhdk dh rjg gh mPp ijek.kq VsDukykth*okyk ns'k Lohdkj dj fy;k x;k FkkA 33 o"kksZa rd rFkk dfFkr^ijek.kq i`FkDdj.k* dk ntkZ cuk jgus ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr us ;gmiyfCèk izkIr dh FkhA lp rks ;g gS fd ;g i`FkDdj.k dh fLFkfrgekjs fy, vfHk'kki u cu dj ojnku gh fl) gqvk vkSj gekjsoSKkfudksa rFkk bathfu;jksa us rDukykth dh ubZ loksZRd"V ÅapkbZ;kagkfly dhA

blh izdkj vfèkd ijek.kq fctyh dk nwljk rdZ Hkh dgha ugha BgjrkgSA dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjr ds ikl ;wjsfu;e dh deh gS] tks ijek.kqfctyh la;a=ksa ds fy, csgrj bZaèku gSA ;g lgh ugha gSA gekjs ikl>kj[k.M] vkaèkz izns'k] es?kky; vkSj jktLFkku rFkk gky gh esayÌk[k esa [kksts x, ;wjsfu;e dk le) Hk.Mkj ekStqn gSA nqHkkZX;o'k]vHkh rd dsoy >kj[k.M ds Hk.Mkjksa dk mi;ksx gks ik;k gSA gkygh esa] Hkkjr ljdkj us vkaèkz izns'k ds Hk.Mkjksa dh [kqnkbZ dk dke'kq: fd;k gS vkSj Hkkjr ds foÙk ea=h us ehfM;k ds lkFk viuhckrphr esa crk;k Fkk fd ;g Hk.Mkj 50 o"kksZa rd 12000 eS-ok-fctyh iSnk djus ds fy, i;kZIr gSaA eq>s fo'okl gS fd ;fn vU;Hk.Mkjksa dk Hkh mi;ksx fd;k tk, rks ge nwljs ns'kksa ij buvkiwfrZ;ksa ij fuHkZj djus dh ctk, vius ns'k ls gh ;wjsfu;e dhdeh dks iwjk dj ysaxsA rhu o"kksZa ds le; esa ^fefYyax IykaV* ds

5 6

lkFk ge ;wjsfu;e dh [kqnkbZ dk dke iwjk dj ldrs gSaA fj,DVjds fuekZ.k esa de ls de ikap o"kZ dk le; yxrk gSA

vdsys iwoksZÙkj esa gh] ge 100]000 eS-ok- gkbMªks&ikoj dk mRiknu djldrs gSaA blfy, Hkkjr ljdkj dk ;g rdZ Hkh fd og ;gle>kSrk vkSj vfèkd fctyh iSnk djus ds fy, dj jgh gS] lghugha gS vkSj dlkSVh ij [kjk ugha mrjrkA gesa ;g Hkh ;kn j[kukgksxk fd dks;ys] xSl] ty] gok vkfn vU; lalkèkuksa ls iSnk dhxbZ ÅtkZ dh rqyuk essa ijek.kq ÅtkZ dgha vfèkd egaxh iM+rh gSAfo'o esa vkLVsªfy;k ds ikl lcls vfèkd ;wjsfu;e ds Hk.Mkj gSa]fQj Hkh mlus vHkh rd ,d Hkh ijek.kq fctyh la;a= ugha yxk;kgS vkSj og vfèkdka'kr% dks;ys ij fuHkZj gSA Lo;a vejhdk us Hkh]1979 ds ckn ls dksbZ ijek.kq fctyh la;a= dk fuekZ.k ugha fd;kgSA le> esa ugha vkrk fd ge gh D;ksa ijek.kq fctyh la;a= yxkusds ihNs iM+s gq, gSa\

tgka rd rhljs rdZ dh ckr gS] gesa vejhdk ds lkFk nksLrkuk lEcUèkcukus gSa] ml ij gesa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gSA oLrqr%] Jh vVy fcgkjhoktis;h us bl izfdz;k dh 'kq:vkr dh Fkh tc 1998 esa ijek.kqijh{k.k ds ckn mlds lkFk gekjs lacaèk fcxM+ x, FksA geusvejhdk ds lkFk j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh dh izfdz;k Hkh 'kq: dh]ijUrq ;g lc dqN cjkcjh ds vkèkkj ij gqvk] tcfd vkt dhorZeku ljdkj viuh izHkqrk [kksdj bl dk;Z esa tqVh gSA geus ;gdHkh nkok ugha fd;k fd Hkkjr dsoy vejhdk dh enn ls gh cM+kns'k cu ik,xkA dksbZ Hkh ns'k dsoy vius cy vkSj yksxksa dhmiyfCèk;ksa ij cM+k cu ldrk gS vkSj bldk vkèkkj dHkh Hkh nwljksadh enn ugha gks ldrk gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj dk nkok gS fd bl le>kSrs ls Hkkjr dks rhu fof'k"V ykHkgksaxsA igyk] gesa thouHkj fj,DVjkas dh bZaèku lIykbZ dh xkj.Vhds lkFk ijek.kq fj,DVj vk;kr djus dk vfèkdkj fey tk,xk(nwljs] gesa iz;qDr bZaèku ds iqu% lalkèku dk gd fey tk,xk( vkSjrhljs] gesa loksZRd`"V rFkk laosnu'khy VsDukykth fey tk,xhA ;slHkh ds lHkh nkos >wBs gSaA fuf'pr bZaèku vkiwfrZ dh dksbZ xkj.Vhugha gSA ek= 123 le>kSrs esas 18 tqykbZ 2005 rFkk 2 ekpZ 2006

esa fn, x, vk'okluksa dks nksgjk;k x;k gSS vFkkZr~ vejhdh ljdkj¼;w,l dkaxzsl ls vkxzg djsxh fd og vius ?kjsyw dkuwuksa esala'kksèku djs rkfd budh budh vkiwfrZ dh tk ldsA vejhdhljdkj igys gh ,slk dj pqdh gS vkSj gkbM ,DV ikfjr djrsle; ;w,l dkaxzsl igys gh bl lq>ko dks jÌ Hkh dj pqdh gSAblh izdkj iqu% lalkèku djus dk gd Hkh vkxs dh rkjh[k ij bl'krZ ds lkFk Mky fn;k x;k gS fd djus rFkk ^^O;oLFkk ,oaizfdz;k** dh vyx ls lqfoèkk rS;kj djuh gksxh] tks nksuksa ns'kksa dschp larks"ktud <ax ls rS;kj dh tk,A D;kasfd ;g lHkh ckrsasvyx le>kSrs dk fgLlk gksaxh] blfy, bl le>kSrs dks ;w-,l-dkaxzsl dks vuqeksfnr djuk gksxkA laosnu'khy ijek.kq VsDukykthds LFkkukarj.k dk ekeyk Hkh vkxs ds fy, LFkfxr dj fn;k x;kgS vkSj ;g Hkh orZeku le>kSrs ds la'kksèku dh 'krZ iwjh djus ijgksxkA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ge ;w-,l- dkaxszsl ds vuqeksnu ls igys gh123 le>kSrs ds la'kksèku dh ckrsa djus yxs gSaA bl izdkj bu rhuegÙoiw.kZ eqÌksa esa ls fdlh ij Hkh vejhdh ljdkj us 123 le>kSrsesa dksbZ ok;nk ugha fd;k gS] flok; blds fd bUgsa cgqr vkxs dsfy, Vky fn;k x;k gSA

D;k gkbZM ,DV Hkkjr ds fy, izklafxd gS\ tc ;g ,DV ;w,l dkaxzslds fopkjkèkhu Fkk rks izèkku ea=h us 17 vxLr 2006 dks jkT; lHkkesa dgk Fkk fd ^;fn ;w-,l- dkaxzsl ds fopkjkèkhu Fkk rks izèkku ea=hus 17 vxLr 2006 dks jkT; lHkk esa dgk Fkk fd ^^;fn ;w,ldkaxzsl blh orZeku esa fcy dks ikl djrh gS rks ;g Hkkjr dksLohdk;Z ugha gksxk vkSj dwVuhfrd :i ls] ckn esa blesa ifjorZudjuk cgqr eqf'dy gksxkA** mUgksaus vkxs Hkh dgk fd ^^eSaus ;w,ldkaxzsl ds nksukas lnuksa esa j[ks izk:iksa ds izkoèkkuksa ij izsthMs.V cq'kls viuh fpark,a trk nh gSaA ;g Li"V gS fd ;fn vfUre izkoèkkuorZeku :i esa gksaxs rks Hkkjr ds fy, bu fcyksa dks Lohdkj djukvR;ar dfBu gks tk,xkA** tc vfUre ,DV] izk:iksa ls Hkh cnrjgS] D;ksafd blesa nksukas izk:iksa dh [kjkc ls [kjkc fo'ks"krk,a feyknh xbZ gSa] rks Hkkjr ljdkj us viuh fLFkfr cny Mkyh gS vkSjdgus yxh gS fd ,DV ds dqN [k.M rks flQZ ijke'kZ&izdkj ds gSa

7 8

vkSj ckè;dkjh ugha gSA ljdkj ;g Li"V ugha dj jgh gS fd buesals dkSu ls [k.M ckè;dkjh gS vkSj dkSu ls ughaA ljdkj us fQjls viuh fLFkfr cnyh vkSj vc mldk dguk gS fd gkbM ,DVHkkjr ds fy, izklafxd ugha gS vkSj blfy, bu izkoèkkuksa ij fparkdh dksbZ t:jr ugha gSA

Hkktik fuEufyf[kr dkj.kksa us bl le>kSrs dks Lohdkj ugha dj ldrhgS%

i½ vejhdk }kjk Hkkjr ds lkFk bl djkj dks djus dk ?kksf"kr mÌs';Hkkjr dks fo'o dh vizlkj O;oLFkk esa 'kkfey djuk gSA geus blslnSo HksnHkkoiw.kZ ekuk gS vkSj blfy, geus dHkh Hkh vizlkj lafèk¼,uihVh½ vFkok lhVhchVh ij gLrk{kj ugha fd,A tc Jh oktis;hth us ebZ 1998 esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k fd, rks vejhdk us Hkkjr ijvkfFkZd izfrcaèk yxk fn, D;ksafd vejhdk] u rks rc vkSj u gh vcHkkjr dks ijek.kq 'kL=kL= ns'k ds :i esa ns[kk pkgrk jgk gSA vcmlus ;wih, ljdkj dks ,d f}i{kh; le>kSrk gLrk{kj djus dsfy, Qkal fy;k gS] ftlds izkoèkku ,uihVh rFkk lhVhchVh dsizkoèkkuksa ls Hkh dgha T;kng dM+s gSaA

ii½ 1954 ds vVkfed ,uthZ ,DV dh rjg gkbM ,DV esa Hkh Li"Vr%fuèkkZfjr gS fd ;fn Hkkjr fQj ls ijh{k.k djsxk rks le>kSrk lekIrgks tk,xkA bldk ?kksf"kr mÌs'; Hkkjr ds ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ijjksd yxkuk] de djuk rFkk feVk nsuk gS vkSj gekjs 'kL=kL=fodkl dk;Zdze dks can dj nsuk gSA bl izdkj gekjh ijek.kqlEizHkqrk dks fu;af=r dj nsuk gSA

iii½ ;g le>kSrk pkgrk gS fd Hkkjr dh fons'k uhfr vejhdk ^tSlh*gh gksA gkbM ,DV esa rhu LFkkukas ij bZjku dk mYys[k gqvk gS vkSjHkkjr ls vejhdk bl ckr esa lgk;rk djus dks dgk gS fd Hkkjr^^bZjku dks ijek.kq gfFk;kj izkIr djus ds mlds iz;kl dks izksRlkfgrdjs] mls vyx&Fkyx djs] vkSj ;fn vko';d gks rks ml ijizfrcaèk yxk, vkSj fu;af=r djs] ^ge bZjku }kjk ijek.kq gfFk;kjizkIr djus ds f[kykQ gS] ijUrq ge bZjku ds lkFk vius rjhds lsfuiVuk pkgsaxs vkSj vejhdk ds vkns'kkas ds vuqlkj ugha pysaxsAHkkjr ljdkj us vejhdh ncko esa vkdj igys gh vkbZ,bZ, esa nks

voljksa ij bZjku ds f[kykQ ernku fd;k gSA Hkkjr fdlh Hkh ns'kdk dSEi&vuq;k;h cudj ugha py ldrk gSA

iv½ gkbM ,DV vejhdh izsthMs.V ls pkgrk gS fd os Hkkjr ds lSU;ijek.kq dk;Zdze ij dM+h fuxjkuh j[ksa vkSj bl lEcaèk esa lHkh?kVukvksa ij ;w,l dkaxzsl dks okf"kZd fjiksVZ nsaA

v½ 123 le>kSrs dk dk;kZUo;u nksuksa ns'kksa ds vius&vius dkuwuksa dsvuqlkj vey esa yk;k tk,xkA vejhdk &phu 123 le>kSrs esa ,dvkSj [k.M gS ftlds vuqlkj vUrjkZ"Vªh; dkuwu ds fl)karksa dksLohdkj djus dh ckr dgh xbZ gS ftlls dksbZ i{k lafèk dkvuqikyu u dj ikus ds dkj.k vius vkarfjd dkuwuksa ds izkoèkkuksadks mfpr u Bgjk ldsA Hkkjr ds 123 le>kSrs esa bl izkoèkku dkstkucw> dj gVk fn;k x;k gSA

vi½ gkbM ,DV esa izkoèkku gS fd vejhdh izsthMs.V gj o"kZ ;w,ldkaxzsl dks bl ckr dk izek.k i= nsaxs fd Hkkjr ,DV ds izkoèkkuksadk vuqikyu dj jgk gS] ftlds ckjs esa izèkkuea=h dk dguk gS fd;g gesa Lohdk;Z ugha gSA izèkkuea=h us 17 vxLr 2006 dks jkT;lHkk esa dgk Fkk fd ^Mªk¶V lhusV fcy esa visf{kr gS fd vejhdhizsthMs.V dkaxzsl dks gj o"kZ fjiksVZ nsaxs ftleas izek.khdj.k 'kkfeygS fd Hkkjr vizlkj lafèk rFkk vU; ok;nksa dk iwjh rjg lsvuqikyu dj jgk gSA geus bu izkoèkkuksa ds ckjs esa vejhdk dksLi"V dj fn;k gS fd ge blds f[kykQ gS] Hkys gh bls xSj&ckè;dkjhcrk;k tk jgk gksA geus ;g Hkh crk fn;k Fkk fd blls Hkkohlg;ksx ds ckjs esa vfuf'prrk iSnk gksxh vkSj blfy, ge blsLohdkj ugha dj ldrs gSaA**

vii½ vejhdk ds lkFk 123 le>kSrk pkyhl o"kksZa ds fy, gS] ftls vkxsnl o"kZ ds fy, c<+k;k tk ldrk gS] ijUrq bleas vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFklqj{kk&mik;ksa ds ckjs esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrk djus ds fy, vuUrdky rd ds fy, gesa ckè;dkjh cuk;k tk jgk gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa]bl lafèk dh lekfIr ds ckn Hkh Hkfo"; esa lnk lnk ds fy, geij vUrjkZ"Vªh; fuxjkuh cuh jgsxhA

viii½ ;fn le>kSrk lekIr gks tkrk gS rks Hkkjr dks vejhdk ls feysfj,DVjksa] bZaèku] oLrqr% lHkh dy&iqtksZa rd ijek.kq lIykbZ dh

9 10

lHkh phtsa okil djuh iMsaxhAix½ i`FkDdj.k ;kstuk cqjh rjg ls Hkkjr ds f[kykQ tkrh gSA Hkkjr

ds ikl bl le; dqy 22 FkeZy ikoj fj,DVjksa esa ls 14 fj,DVjksadks vkbZ,bZ, laj{k.k eas j[kus gksaxsA vejhdk ds ikl bl le; 250vlSU; ijek.kq lqfoèkk,a gSa] ftlesa ls mlus okyUVjh vkQj ,xzhesaVds vUrxZr dsoy pkj dks gh laj{k.k esa j[kk gSA geus lHkh HkkohvlSU; FkeZy ikoj fj,DVjksa rFkk vlSU; QkLV czhMj fj,DVjksa dkslaj{k.k esa j[kus dk QSlyk fd;k gS tcfd ;s lHkh iwjh rjg lsHkkjr esa gh cus gq, gSaA vejhdk ds ncko esa geus 2010 esa lkbjlfj,DVjksa* dks can djus ij lgefr ns nh gS] ftlls gekjs vius'kL=kL= dk;Zdze ds fy, IywVksfu;e dh izeq[k lIykbZ feyrh gSA

x½ 123 le>kSrs esa fuèkkZfjr gS fd tgka rd dksbZ ,slh en gS ftldkf}&:i esa iz;ksx gks ldrk gS] vFkkZr~ ,slh dksbZ en ftldk vlSU;rFkk lSU; :i esa iz;ksx gks ldrk gS rks vejhdk dks ftl mÌs';ds fy, mls dke esa fy;k tkrk gS] mls mlh <ax ls lR;kiu djusdk vfèkdkj jgssxkA bldk eryc ;g gS fd vejhdh fujh{kdHkkjr vk,axs vkSj viuh euethZ ls bu lHkh lqfoèkkvksa dk fujh{k.kdjasxs] tgka bu f}&enh phtksa dk bLrseky gksrk gS] os lqfuf'prdjsaxs fd budk gekjs fdlh lSU; dk;Zdze ds fy, nq:i;ksx rksugha gksrk gSA vejhdk dks ^Qky&cSd lsQxkMZ* dk vfèkdkj Hkhcuk jgsxk ftldk eryc ;g gS fd ;fn fdlh dkj.k ls vkbZ,bZ,fu.kZ; ysrk gS fd vkbZ,bZ, ds lqj{kk&mik; ykxw djuk laHko ughagS rks vejhdk vkbZ,bZ,l fujh{kd HkstsxkA

xi½ 123 le>kSrs eas Hkkjr dks ,d rjg ls >wBewB ds vfèkdkj fn, x,gSa fd ;fn fons'kh bZaèku lIykbZ esa ckèkk iM+us ij mlds vlSU;fj,DVjksa ds fujUrj dkedkt esa ckèkk iM+rh gS rks og lqèkkjkRedmik, dj ldsA bls gekjs okrkZdkj cgqr cM+h miyfCèk dgdjizpkj dj jgs gSaA fdUrq dgha Hkh Hkkjr ljdkj us Li"V ugha fd;kgS fd ;s dkSu ls lqèkkjkRed mik, gSa\

xii½ le>kSrs esa gekjs rFkk vejhdk dh lgefr esa O;kid fo"kerk,a gSaftlls Hkfo"; esa tfVy leL;k,a iSnk gksaxh vkSj vejhdk ds lkFklEcaèk lqèkjus dh ctk, f}i{kh; lEcaèk fcxM+us dh laHkkouk,a cu

tk,axhAxiii½ gesa ;kn j[kuk gksxk fd ;g nwljk 123 le>kSrk gS tks Hkkjr

vejhdk ls dj jgk gSA igyk le>kSrk 1963 esa rkjkiqj fj,DVjksads fy, gqvk FkkA tc Hkkjr us 1974 dk ijek.kq ijh{k.k fd;k rksvejhdk us viuh rjQ ls ?kjsyw dkuwuksa dk mnkgj.k nsrs gq,le>kSrk lekIr dj fn;kA D;k vc gesa nwljs le>kSrs ds le;vkSj lkoèkkuh ugha cjruh pkfg,\

le>kSrs ds leFkZdksa dk dguk gS fd bl le; ;gh lcls vPNkle>kSrk gS tks Hkkjr dj ldrk FkkA le> ugha vkrk fd blesaD;k vPNh ckr gS\ ,uihVh dh leh{kk 2010 esa gksus okyh gSA rcrd ge bartkj dj ldrs Fks vkSj rc rd le>kSrs ij ckrphrgksrh jgrh ftlls Hkkjr dks Li"V :i ls gh ijek.kq 'kL=kL= ns'kds :i esa ekU;rk fey tkrhA ,slh D;k tYnh Fkh tks ge vc blle>kSrs dks lEiUu djus tk jgs gSa\

ljdkj gekjs ckjs esa nks >wB QSyk jgh gSA ,d ;g fd ge vejhdk dslkFk mlh izdkj dk le>kSrk djuk pkg jgs Fks tc ge lÙkk esaFksA nwljs ;g fd Jh oktis;h lhVhchVh ij gLrk{kj djus ds fy,lger gks x, FksA tSlk eSaus igys dgk fd lPpkbZ ;g gS fd gevejhdk ds lkFk j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh pkgrs FksA ;g izfdz;kuoEcj 2001 esa 'kq: gks xbZ FkhA j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh dk eq[;y{; rhu fof'k"V {ks=ksa esa lg;ksx c<+kuk Fkk% vlSU; ijek.kqxfrfofèk;ka] vlSU; varfj{k dk;Zdze vkSj mPp VsDukykWth O;kikjA12@13 tuojh 2004 dks izèkkuea=h oktis;h rFkk izsthMs.V cq'k}kjk tkjh blh izdkj ds oDrO; esa ;g lkQ rkSj ij dgk Fkk fdtgka rd vlSU; ijek.kq xfrfofèk;ksa esa lg;ksx dk lEcaèk gS ^blesaijek.kq fu;ked rFkk lqj{kk eqÌksa ds foLrr dk;ksZa dks 'kkfey fd;ktk,xkA** 22 ebZ 2004 dks ;wih, ljdkj dks lÙkk lkSaius ls igysbl fo"k; ij ,uMh, ljdkj dk ;g vkf[kjh oDrO; FkkA ijek.kqfu;ked rFkk lqj{kk eqÌksa ij] pkgs ftl rjg dh dYiuk D;ksa udj yh tk,] mls orZeku ljdkj }kjk lEiUu bl rjg ds 123le>kSrs dk vFkZ ugha fudkyk tk ldrk gSA

tgka rd lhVhchVh ij gLrk{kj djus dh ckr dk lEcaèk gS] rF; bl

11 12

izdkj gS%Jh oktis;h us 24 flrEcj 1998 dks la;qDr jk"Vª dh egklHkk dks

lEcksfèkr fd;k] tgka mUgksaus dgk fd Hkkjr us] 1996 esa lhVhchVhij gLrk{kj ugha fd, D;ksafd blls gekjh {kerk dk {kj.k gksrkvkSj gesa jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ds lkFk le>kSrk djuk iM+rkA fdUrq 1998ijh{k.k ds ckn ge lhVhchVh esa fn, x, nkf;Roksa ds dkuwuhvkSipkfjdrkvksa dh rjQ c<us dks bPNqd FksA fdUrq mUgksaus Li"Vgh ;g 'krZ yxkbZ Fkh] tc mUgkasus dgk Fkk fd ^ge lhVhchVh dsvuqPNsn XIV esa fn, x, vU; ns'kksa ls fcuk 'krZ bl lafèk dsvuqikyu dh vis{kk djrs gSaA** mudk eryc ;gh Fkk fd ;fn ikapijek.kq gfFk;kj okys ns'k vFkkZr~ vejhdk] :l] ;wds] Qzakl vkSjphu rFkk ikfdLrku tSls vU; ns'k Hkh fcuk 'krZ bl lafèk dkvuqikyu djus dks rS;kj gS rks Hkkjr Hkh ,slk gh djsxkA ckn esa;w,l dkaxzsl us izsthMs.V fDyaVu }kjk gLrk{kj djus ds ckn HkhlhVhchVh dks vuqeksfnr djus ds izLrko dks jÌ dj fn;k vkSj blizdkj lhVhchVh dHkh Hkh vkizs'ku esa ugha vkbZ vkSj blfy, Hkkjrus Hkh dHkh bl ij gLrk{kj ugha fd,A

okeiaFkh nyksa us ebZ 1998 eas izèkkuea=h oktis;h }kjk ijek.kq ijh{k.kksadk fojksèk fd;k FkkA os Hkkjr dks ijek.kq 'kL=kL= lEiUu ns'k ughans[kuk pkgrs FksA ijUrq mUgkasus dHkh Hkh ijek.kq ijh{k.kksa vFkokmlds ijek.kq 'kL=kL= dh Hkkjh ek=k dh vkykspuk ugha dhAorZeku izèkkuea=h Mk- eueksgu flag us 28 ebZ 1998 dks jkT;lHkkesa foi{k ds usrk ds rkSj ij ijh{k.kksa dh vkykspuk Hkh dh FkhA Hkkjrds ijek.kq 'kL=kL= dk;Zdze dh izfrc)rk ij mUgksaus iz'ufpg~uyxk fn;k FkkA gekjs iM+kslh ns'k phu vkSj ikfdLrku nksuksa ds iklijek.kq gfFk;kj FksA vr% gekjs fy, ijek.kq gfFk;kj jk"Vªh; lqj{kkds fy, cgqr t:jh FkkA blfy, ,uMh, ds dk;Zdky ds nkSjkugekjs ijek.kq fl)kar dks tks vfUre :i fn;k x;k Fkk] og jk"Vªh;lqj{kk dk fl)kar FkkA geus vius ijek.kq fl)kar esa Li"V dgk Fkkfd ge ^ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds izFke iz;ksx u djus ds fl)kar* ijpysaxsA nwljs 'kCnksa esa Hkkjr dHkh vius 'k=q ij izFke ijek.kqgfFk;kjksa dk iz;ksx ugha djsxkA geus ;g Hkh dgk Fkk fd ge

xSj&ijek.kq gfFk;kj okys ns'kksa ij Hkh vius ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dkiz;ksx ugha djsaxsA ijUrq ;fn dksbZ ns'k ge ij ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa lsgeyk djsxk rks ge izfrdkj :i esa ml ns'k ij ijek.kq gfFk;kjksals geyk djsaxs vkSj mls rgl&ugl djds jgsaxsA bl mÌs'; dhiwfrZ ds fy, geus ^fo'oluh; U;wure fuokjd* fl)kar rS;kjfd;k FkkA nwljs 'kCnksa eas gekjs ijek.kq fl)kar dh fo'oluh;rkgekjs fuokj.kh; fo'oluh;rk ij fuHkZj djrh FkhA bl le>kSrs esagekjs ijek.kq dk;Zdze ij lHkh izdkj ds fu;a=.k yxkus dhfo'oluh;rk dks [kRe dj nsus dh dksf'k'k dh xbZ gSA

lkj ;g gS fd lksfu;k xkaèkh vkSj eueksgu flag bl le>kSrs ds ekè;els ml ce dk fu;a=.k vejhfd;ksa dks lkSai jgs gSa ftls vVy thus bl ns'k dh lqj{kk ds fy, cuk;k FkkA

ikfdLrku vkSj phu ij bl rjg dk dksbZ izfrcaèk ugha gSAn

13 14

jk"Vªh; uhfr ls tqM+h gSijek.kq uhfr % vVy fcgkjh oktis;h

Hkkjr&vejhdk le>kSrs esa egRoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kk,a dh xbZ gSA ge nksuksans'kksa ds chp O;kikj] d`f"k ,oa foKku ds {ks= esa c<+rs lg;ksx dk Lokxrdjrs gSaA ÅtkZ iSnk djus ds u;s lkèku tqVkus ds ç;klksa dk ge leFkZudjrs gSaA

ftl fo"k; ij gekjh fpark gS] og gS Hkkjr dh cnyrh ijek.kq uhfrAHkkjr us vkt rd ,d Lora= ijek.kq uhfr viukbZ gS vkSj fo'o us bluhfr dk] gekjs oSKkfudksa ds ç;klksa dk yksgk ekuk gSA pkgs iks[kj.k dsfoLQksV gks ;k ijek.kq fctyh ds la;a= vFkok dSalj ls yM+us ds fy,v.kq'kfDr dk mi;ksx & ijek.kq foKku ds lHkh {ks=ksa esa foxr n'kdksa esagekjs oSKkfudksa us vusdkusd miyfCèk;ka gkfly dh gSaA ;g laHko gksik;k ,d Lora= uhfr ds dkj.k] ftldh deku ges'kk gekjs gkFk esa jghApkgs dkaxzsl dh ljdkj jgh gks ;k ,u-Mh-,- dh] ,d fo"k; ij dHkhle>kSrk ugha fd;k x;k Fkk & vkSj og Fkk Hkkjr dh ijek.kq uhfr dhLora=rkA

iks[kj.k esa vk.kfod foLQksVksa ds i'pkr~ fo'o ds dbZ ns'kksa us gekjsfo:) vfHk;ku NsM+ fn;k FkkA gekjs lkeus xEHkhj vkÆFkd ,oa lkefjdpqukSfr;ka FkhA mu dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkh Hkkjr dh ijek.kq uhfr Lora=jghA

lkefjd nf"V ls vfr egRoiw.kZ ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa ds gksrs gq, Hkh geusLi"V :i ls dgk fd Hkkjr ijek.kq 'kL=ksa dks ;q) esa igys mi;ksx ughadjsxkA Hkkjr mu jk"Vªksa ds fo:) Hkh ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dk bLrseky ughadjsxk] ftuds ikl bl rjg ds gfFk;kj ugha gSA geus credible mini-

mum nuclear deterrent dks gekjh ijek.kq uhfr dk dsUnz fcUnq ekukA ge

ugha pkgrs fd 'kL=ksa dh gksM+ esa ge Hkh yx tk,aA ijek.kq fujL=hdj.kds fy, vkt Hkh ge mrus gh dfVc) gSa] ftrus fd usg: th ds le;FksA fo'o dks ;g Hkh Hkjkslk gS fd gekjs ijek.kq 'kL= xSj&lkefjdfu;a=.k esa gSA

;g lc ge ij fdlh us Fkksik ugha FkkA ;g uhfr gekjh viuh gSAgekjh t:jrksa] gekjh egRokdka{kkvksa] jk"Vª dh lqj{kk dks è;ku esa j[kdjcukbZ xbZ uhfr gSA lcdks lkFk] ysdj] ppkZ dj geus ;g uhfr cukbZ FkhAtuojh 2003 esa ;g uhfr Hkkjr ljdkj us Li"V :i esa ?kksf"kr dh FkhA

lcls igyk fpark dk fo"k; gS Hkkjr dh rjQ ls fd;k x;k ;gok;nk fd & Hkkjr ds ijek.kq dk;ZØe dks lkefjd o xSj&lkefjd &nks Hkkxksa esa foHkDr fd;k tk,xkA

ljdkj us ;g 'krZ ekuus ls igys t:j bl fo"k; ij oSKkfudksa lsppkZ dh gksxhA foHkktu dh rduhdh dfBukb;ksa ds ckjs esa ljdkj dkstkudkjh t:j gksxhA blls Hkh egRoiw.kZ ç'u gS fd D;k bl foHkktuls lkefjd {kerk ij vlj ugha iM+sxk\ cnyrh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa Hkkjr dhlkefjd t:jrsa Hkh cnysaxhA vkradokn ds bl ;qx esa fdl rjg dsgfFk;kjksa dh dc t:jr gksxh] D;k vkt ge fu'p;iwoZd dg ldrs gS\geus vxj lkefjd ijek.kq dk;ZØe dh lhek r; dj nh rks Hkfo"; esaD;k gekjs gkFk lnk ds fy, caèk ugha tk,axs\

gekjs ijek.kq 'kL=ksa dh {kerk ij ijks{k :i ls yxk;s tkus okys blcaèku ds ckjs esa jk"Vª dks fo'okl esa fy;k tkuk pkfg,A bl le>kSrs esanwljk fparktud fo"k; gS vesjhdk ds lkFk feydj vk.kfod inkFkks± dsmRiknu ij jksd yxkus dh lafèk ds fy, ç;kl djus dh çfrc)rkA bllafèk esa dkSu Hkkx ysaxs\ D;k ;g tsusok esa py jgh varjkZ"Vªh; ckrphr lsfHké gS\ vxj fHké ugha gS rks bl f}i{kh; le>kSrs esa Hkkjr dh Hkfo";dh t:jrksa dks è;ku esa j[kk x;k gS\ eku yhft, dqN jk"Vªksa us bl lafèkdh 'krks± dks ugha ekuk] rks bl ?kks"k.kk ls Hkfo"; esa gekjs vk.kfod inkFkks±ds mRiknu ij dgha ,drjQk jksd rks ugha yx tk,xh\ D;k mldk vljjk"Vªh; lqj{kk ij ugha iM+sxk\

gekjs oSKkfud Hkkjr esa çpqj ek=k esa miyCèk Fkksfj;e dk mi;ksxijek.kq ÅtkZ ds mRiknu ds fy, djus esa ç;kljr gSaA D;k bl le>kSrsls] varjkZ"Vªh; fujh{k.kksa ds pyrs bu ç;ksxksa ij dksbZ vlj rks ugha iM+sxk\

laln esa cgl % ekulwu l= ¼2005½

15 16

Fkksfj;e rduhd esa vxj ge lQy gks x;s rks vk.kfod 'kfDr dslnqi;ksx esa lHkh ckèkk,a lekIr gks tk,axhA

bl le>kSrs esa Hkkjr dh ijek.kq&'kfDr dks ijek.kq&'kfDr lEiéjk"Vª ds :i esa vesjhdk us ekU;rk ugha nh gSA vesfjdk us Hkkjr dks &eSa;gka m)`r dj jgk gwa & "responsible state with advanced nuclear

technology," dgk gSA czkthy] dukMk] teZuh vkSj tkiku ds iklvR;kèkqfud ijek.kq rduhd gSaA mlh rjg tSls fd Hkkjr ds iklA ij ,dvarj gSA muds ikl ijek.kq 'kL= ugha gSa] tks fd Hkkjr ds ikl gSaA D;kbl varj ds ckotwn budks feyus okyh lHkh lqfoèkk,a Hkkjr dks Hkhfeysxh\ ;k Hkkjr ijek.kq 'kL= okyk jk"Vª gksus ds ukrs ftEesnkfj;ka rksmBk,xk ysfdu mldks dksbZ ykHk ugha fn;k tk,xk\

,slh tfVy ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa bl le>kSrs ij jk"Vª dks fo'okl esa ysusdh gekjh ekax lkef;d gSA ijek.kq uhfr jk"Vªh; uhfr gS & fdlh ,dikVÊ ;k ljdkj dh ughaA bl ij jk"Vªh; vke lgefr cukus dhvko';drk dks de djds vkadk ugha tk ldrkA gesa ljdkj ls ;gvis{kk gS fd bl le>kSrs dks dk;kZfUor djrs le; lnu dks fo'okl esaysxhA

vejhdh dkaxzsl dk la'kksèku fcyHkkjr ds fgr esa ugha

vVy fcgkjh oktis;h

Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrk eqís ij ns'k dh turkls dqN phtsa fNikbZ xbZ gSaA vejhdk ds lkFk ckrphr dsgj nkSj esa Hkkjr us fj;k;rsa nsdj uqdlku mBk;k gSA tgkard gekjh flfofy;u rFkk lSU; ijek.kq lqfoèkkvksa dksvyx djus ds ckjs esa vkus okyh dher dk loky gS] vHkhjk"Vª dks bl ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nh xbZ gSA bllacaèk esa 6 vizSy 2006 dks iwoZ izèkkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjhoktis;h }kjk tkjh izsl oäO; dk ikB izLrqr gS%&

fiNyh o"kZ tqykbZ esa eSaus Hkkjr&vesjhdh ijek.kq le>kSrs ij viuhvkifÙk;ka izdV dh FkhA nqHkkZX; ls bl le>kSrs dh izxfr ds lkFk esjkHk; lp lkfcr gqvk gSA vc ;g fcYdqy lkQ gks x;k gS fd vejhdkds lkFk ckrphr ds gj nkSj esa Hkkjr us fj;k;rsa nsdj uqdlku mBk;k gSAvejhdh dkaxzsl esa bl le>kSrs ds la'kksèku dk gky esa elkSnk is'k fd;kx;k gSA bl foèks;d ds vuqlkj tc Hkkjr lkr 'krksZa dks iwjk djsxk rksvejhdh jk"Vªifr foèks;d esa fn, x, ijek.kq lkSnksa ds bu la'kksèkuksa dkseatwj djsaxsA bl izdkj Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr ljdkj ds lkeus u rks Hkkjr dhlaln }kjk ikfjr dkuwuksa ;k vUrjkZ"Vªh; fu;e dk;nksa dk dksbZ ewY; jgtk,xk vkSj mls vejhdh dkaxzsl }kjk cuk, x, dkuwuksa ij pyuk gksxkA

blls Hkh c<+dj nq[k dh ckr ;g gS fd ;fn vejhdk ;g ekurk gSfd Hkkjr us vejhdh dkaxzsl }kjk ikfjr dkuwu cuus ds ckn dksbZ ^ijek.kq

17 18

foLQksV fd;k** rks blesa fn;k x;k la'kksèku lekIr gks tk,xkA blfoèks;d esa fn, x, tks nkf;Ro ge ij Mkys x, gSa] os rks lhVhchVh lsHkh dgha vfèkd dM+s gSaA lhVhchVh rc rd ykxw ugha gks ldrh tc rdLo;a vejhdk] phu vkSj ikfdLrku lfgr yxHkx 40 ns'k budk ikyuugha djrhA bl fcy ds ikfjr gksus ij Hkkjr ij ijek.kq foLQksV djusij yxkbZ xbZ jksd ij lnk&lnk ds fy, vkSj vfèkd dkuwuh caèku yxtk,xk vkSj Hkkjr fdlh Hkh fos'ks"k gkyr esa Hkh blls ihNs ugha gV ik,xk]tSlk fd lhVhchVh esa izkoèkku gSA ge bl fLFkfr dks dHkh Lohdkj ughadjsaxsA

tc phu ds fy, vejhdk dk ijek.kq ÅtkZ vfèkfu;e ikfjr fd;kx;k Fkk rks phu dks fpjUru dky ds fy, NwV nh xbZ FkhA Hkkjr ds ekeysesa ;g ;k=k lkef;d gSA jk"Vªifr bl ckjs esa le;&le; ij viukfuèkkZj.k djrs jgsaxs fd Hkkjr us bl vfèkfu;e esa nh xbZ 'krksZa dk ikyufd;k gS ;k ughaA gesa ;g fLFkfr Lohdk;Z ugha gSA

izèkkuea=h us vejhdk dks vk'oklu fn;k gS fd ;fn vejhdk ;kijek.kq vkiwfrZdrkZ lewg vius ok;ns ij dk;e ugha jgrs gSa rks Hkkjr bllkSns ds vUrxZr viuh opucn~èkrk ls ckgj fudy vk,xkA ;g rdZvR;ar nks"kiw.kZ gSA tgka rd gekjh flfofy;u rFkk lSU; ijek.kq lqfoèkkvksadks vyx djus ds ckjs esa vkus okyh dher dk loky gS] vHkh jk"Vª dksbl ckjs esa dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nh xbZ gSA ,d fo'oluh; vuqeku dsvuqlkj ;g dher cgqr Hkkjh egaxh iM+sxhA D;k ;g [kpZ csdkj ugha pyktk,xk\ ge Hkkjh dher ls ijek.kq 'kfDr la;a= yxkus dh ;kstuk ijfopkj dj jgsa gSaA ,sls esa ;fn vejhdh jk"Vªifr xyr fuèkkZj.k dj bZaèkudh vkiwfrZ jksd nsaxs rks gekjs brus Hkkjh fuos'k dk D;k gksxk\

gekjs izfrHkk'kkyh rFkk lefiZr oSKkfudksa rFkk rduhdhfonksa usfiNys Ng n'kdksa esa cM+h fu"Bk ls bZaV&nj&bZaV Hkkjr dh ijek.kq {kerkvksadk fodkl fd;k gSA 1969 esa Hkkjr us ,uihVh dks Lohdkj ugha fd;k FkkvkSj fo'ks"k :i ls 1974 rFkk 1998 ds ijek.kq ijh{k.kksa ls ysdj vc rdO;kid lgefr ds vkèkkj ij viuk ijek.kq dk;Zdze rS;kj fd;k gSA ;fngeus U;wure ijek.kq fuokjd {kerk ds vius bl vikj Hk.Mkj dks can djfn;k rks jk"Vª dks Hkfo"; esa Hkkjh dher pqdkuh iM+sxhA nwljh rjg gekjsiM+kslh ijek.kq 'kL=ksa ij dksbZ ckèkk ugha gksxhA

de ls de Hkkjr dks bruk tksj rks nsuk gh pkfg, fd phu dh rjgvejhdh jk"Vªifr dks foèks;d esa la'kksèkku fpj LFkk;h cuk nsuk pkfg,Ablds vykok] ;fn phu vFkok ikfdLrku tSlk dksbZ Hkh vU; ns'k ijek.kqijh{k.k djrk gS rks Hkkjr dks Hkh ,slk ijh{k.k djus dk vfèkdkj cukjgsxkA n

lÙkk esa vk, rks le>kSrs ij gksxkiqufoZpkj % vkMok.kh

xr 28 uoEcj 2007 dks yksdlHkk eas Hkkjr&vesjhdkijek.kq le>kSrk ij cgl gqbZA cgl ds nkSjku izfri{k dsusrk Jh ykyd`".k vkMok.kh us dbZ egRoiw.kZ iz'u mBkrsgq, lÙkk i{k o fo'ks"kdj izèkkuea=h Jh eueksgu flag dksfu:Ùkj dj fn;kA ge ;gka Jh vkMok.kh th }kjk laln esafn;s x;s Hkk"k.k ds dqN izeq[k fcUnqvksa dks izdkf'kr djjgs gSa%&

Hkkjrh; laln ds bfrgkl esa vc rd gqbZ cglksa esa ;g cgl vR;aregRoiw.kZ gSA ijarq foMacuk gS fd vkt dh ljdkj us ,slh fLFkfr iSnk djnh gS ftlesa og <hB cudj nkok djrh gS fd laln esa cgqer dk pkgstks nqf"Vdks.k gks] mldk bl ekeys esa fy, x, fu.kZ; ij dksbZ izHkkoiM+us okyk ugha gSA

esjs ikl 20 tqykbZ 2005 dks okf'kaxVu esa izèkkuea=h Mk- eueksguflag dh VªkafLdzIV gSA ijek.kq lg;ksx ij izèkkuea=h rFkk izslhMsaV cq'k dschp 18 tqykbZ dks tkjh la;qDr oDrO; ds nks fnu ckn mUgksaus bl izsllEesyu dks lacksfèkr fd;k FkkA

iz'u% fe- izkbe fefuLVj] D;k vkidks yxrk gS fd vkids lg;ksxhnyksa vkSj foi{k bl u, Hkkjr&vejhdk le>kSrs dks ykxw djus esa fdlhizdkj dk izfrjksèk djsxk\ vkSj D;k vki fons'k uhfr ds bl ekeys esa u;k

19 20

funsZ'k laln dh vke lgefr ;k Lohd`fr izkIr djus dk iz;kl djsaxs\izèkkuea=h Mk- flag% nsf[k,] gekjs ns'k esa laln lksojsu ¼laizHkq½ gSA tc

eSa Lons'k ykSVwaxk rks laln esa c;ku nsus dk esjk bjknk gSA vkSj ;g dgusdh ckr ugha gS fd ge dsoy O;kid jk"Vªh; vke lgefr gksus ds vkèkkjij gh vkxs c<+ ldrs gSA

izèkkuea=h ls esjk loky gS% tc ;g Li"V gS fd bl le>kSrs ij tcdksbZ O;kid jk"Vªh; vke lgefr ugha gS rks os D;ksa bls ykxw djus ij rqysiM+s gSa\ os D;ksa ugha laln dh O;kid vke lgefr izkIr djus ds fy, blle>kSrs ij fQj ls ckr ugha djrs] ftlds ckjs esa mUgksaus [kqn dgk Fkkfd laln laizHkq gS\

fiNys l= esa ,uMh, esa geus tsihlh cukus dh ekax dh FkhA ljdkjlger ugha gqbZA bldh ctk,] mlus ;wih,&okeiaFkh leUo; lfefr cuknhA

laln dks ;g tkuus dk vkfèkdkj gS fd vHkh rd bl lfefr us D;kdke laiUu fd;k gSA vHkh rd bldh Ng cSBdsa gks pqdh gSaA ehfM;kfjiksVksaZ ls yxrk gS fd gj ckj bldk ifj.kke ;gh fudyk gS fd vxyhcSBd esa fu.kZ; fy;k tk,xkA ijarq desVh esa dkaxzsl lnL;ksa dk fNik,tsaMk yxrk gS fd Mhy cpkvks* vkSj vc desVh ds dE;qfuLV lnL;ksadk fNik ,tsaMk yxrk gS fd caxky cpkvks*A bl izdkj ijek.kq le>kSrsij ckrphr gksus dh ctk, desVh dh cgl ,d nwljs dks cpkus dhj.kuhfr ij tkdj [kRe gks xbZ gSA

le>kSrs 123 ikB dk vuqPNsn 16-2 dgrk gS fd ;g 40 Ok"kZ rdykxw jgsxkA vè;{k egksn;] ;g ckr rks tjk Hkh le> esa ugha vkrh fdbruh yach vofèk ds le>kSrs dks ysdj ;g ljdkj bruk nq%lkgl dj jghgSA

13 vxLr 2007 dks le>kSrs 123 ij Mk- eueksgu flag us viusc;ku esa dgk Fkk% ^tSlk eSaus igys dgk ;g le>kSrk ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds'kkafriwoZd mi;ksx ij Hkkjr vkSj vejhdk ds chp lg;ksx dk le>kSrkgSA bldh mRifÙk ds ihNs ge nksuksa ns'kksa &Hkkjr vkSj vejhdk dh ;glk>k le> gS fd gesa viuh ÅtkZ pqukSfr;ksa dk lekèkku djus dhvko';drk gSA*

vè;{k egksn;] igyh ckr rks ;gh gS fd vejhdk ijek.kq ÅtkZ dks

izeq[k fodYi ds :Ik esa ugha ns[k jgh gS &vR;fèkd egRoiw.kZ fodYi ds:Ik esa ÅtkZ pqukSfr;ksa ds lekèkku dh rks ckr gh fcydqy vyx gSAokLro esa] fiNys dbZ o"kksZa ls vejhdk esa ,d Hkh u;k ijek.kq fj,DVj cukrd ugha gSA

vc tgka rd Hkkjr dk lacaèk gS] izèkkuea=h Mk- eueksgu flag vkSjJherh lksfu;k xkèakh Hkkjr ds ÅtkZ ladV dks ijek.kq le>kSrs dks jkeck.kmipkj ds :Ik esa ekudj py jgs gSaA

31 vxLr dks rkjkiqj ijek.kq fo|qr la;a= ij cksyrs gq, Mk- eueksguflag us psrkouh nh Fkh fd Hkkjr fdlh Hkh rjg ls ijek.kq cl* NksM+ ughaldrk gSA eSa m)`r djrk gwa% mUgksaus dgk& vkt fo'o Hkj eas ijek.kqmRFkku dh ckr py jgh gS vkSj ge bu oSf'od ?kVukvksa dks ns[krs gq,bl ¼cl½ dks NksM+ ugha ldrs ;k ihNs ugha jg ldrsA*

Jherh lksfu;k xkaèkh rks ,d dne vkSj vkxs pyh xbaZA vDVwcj esagfj;k.kk dh >Ttj jSyh esa mUgksaus ?kks"k.kk dh tks yksx le>kSrs dk fojksèkdj jgs gSa] os dsoy dkaxzsl ds nq'eu ugha] cfYd Hkkjr ds fodkl ds nq'eugSaA* ;g ckr vkSj gS fd mlh fnu dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds ehfM;k foHkkx us izsldks crk;k fd mudh fVIi.kh ^gfj;k.kk&fof'k"V* ds fy, FkhA*

^fodkl ds nq'eu*\ eSa fo'okl ugha dj ikrk fd lksfu;kth ,uMh,dks ;k ;wih, esa viuh gh ikVhZ ds okeiaFkh lg;ksxh nyksa dks nq'eu* dgldrh gSaA esjs ikl ;kstuk vk;ksx fo'ks"kK lfefr dh fjiksVZ gS ftldk'kh"kZd gS ^baVhxzsVsM ,uthZ ikfylh*A bls 2006 esa tkjh fd;k x;k FkkvkSj blfy, blesa ijek.kq le>kSrs ij fd, x, lHkh ok;nksa dks fy;kx;k gSA lfefr ds vè;{k Mk- fdjhV ikjs[k Fks vkSj ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksxds ps;jeSu Hkh bl lfefr ds lnL; FksA

Hkkjr dh ijek.kq fctyh {kerk bl le; yxHkx 4000 esxkokV gSAfjiksVZ esa dgk gS ^;fn 2031&32 rd Hkkjr dh ijek.kq fctyh {kerkc<+dj 20 xq.kk Hkh gks tkrh gS rks Hkkjr dh fefJr ÅtkZ esa Hkkjr dhijek.kq ÅtkZ dk va'knku vfèkd ls vfèkd 4-0&6-4 izfr'kr jgsxkA* ;knjf[k, fd fjiksVZ esa Hkkjr&vejhdh le>kSrs ls gksus okyh vk;kfrr ijek.kqbZaèku dh b"Vre ifjn';* dh vfèkdka'k vkiwfrZ dks è;ku esa j[k dj fd;kx;k gSA blesa dgk gS fd loksZRd`"V ifjn`'; esa Hkh 2030 rd gekjkijek.kq fctyh mRiknu 63000 esxkokV ls vfèkd ugha gksxkA vFkkZr~ ns'k

21 22

dh dqy ÅtkZ vko';drkvksa dk 6 izfr'kr ls Hkh de jgsxkA ijarq eSa viusdkaxzslh fe=ksa ls Li"V :Ik esa crkuk pkgwaxk vki dh ikVhZ dk ;g ok;nkyksxksa dks csodwQ cukdj ijek.kq le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls fctyh dh dehdk lekèkku djuk pkgrh gS] tcfd Hkktik vkSj vU; yksx gSa tks vkidks,slk ugha djus ns jgs gSa vkSj blhfy, os Hkkjr ds fodkl ds nq'eu gSaA*

blfy, dkaxzsl ds usrkvksa dks bZekunkjh ls yksxksa ds lkeus eku ysukpkfg, fd ;g le>kSrk vejhdk ds lkFk u, j.kuhfrd lacaèkksa ds ckjs esagS ftlesa Hkkjr mlds vèkhu jgus okyk ikVZuj cuk jgsxkA

vxj ;g Hkkjr dks dqNsd ijek.kq fj,DVjksa dks cspus ek= dh ckrgS rks ge brus lkjs izeq[k vejhdh jktuhfrKksa vkSj lkoZtfud fnXxtksadks ubZ fnYyh vkrs gq, ugha ns[krs vkSj tks ljdkj rFkk foi{k ds yksxls ckr djrsA

;w,l vaMj lsdzsVjh vkQ LVsV Qkj ikWfyfVdy vQs;lZ le>kSrs dsizeq[k okrkZdkj fudksyl cUlZ us 27 tqykbZ dks 123 le>kSrk laiUu gksusds rqjar ckj cgqr lkQ 'kCnksa esa dgk Fkk& bl le>kSrs ls Hkkjr fQj lsbl <ax ls vizlkj lafèk dh eq[;èkkjk esa fey tk,xk tSlk igys dHkh ughagqvk FkkA* nwljs 'kCnksa esa ihNs ds njokts ls Hkkjr ,uihVh O;oLFkk esa izos'kdjus esa vejhdk us Mk- eueksgu flag dks eukus esa lQyrk izkIr dj yhgS ftldk bafnjk xkaèkh ls ysdj gjsd izèkkuea=h us vc rd fojksèk fd;kgSA vDVwcj esa cUlZ us le>kSrs dh j.kuhfrd izd`fr dks vkSj Li"V fd;kFkkA mUgksaus bls Hkkjr&vejhdk j.kuhfrd lacaèkksa dk izeq[k dsanz crkrs gq,dgk Fkk fd Hkkjr 21oha 'krkCnh esa vejhdk ds fy, D;ksa egRoiw.kZ cux;k gSA ^vc ls 20 ;k 30 o"kZ igys vusd vejhdh dgrs Fks fd Hkkjrfo'o ds nks ;k rhu egRoiw.kZ Hkkxhnkjksa esa ls ,d gS &tSlk fd vkttkiku ;k ;wjksfi;u ;wfu;u gSA*

vè;{k egksn;] gekjs vkykspd gesa crkrs gSa ijarq vkius vejhfd;ksals okrkZ 'kq: dhA ;fn vki lÙkk esa gksrs rks vki blh le>kSrs ij gLrk{kjdjrsA* eSa vkidks bl fo"k; ij izeq[k fo'ks"kK ,'kys Vsyhl dk ,dbaVjO;w dk m)j.k nsrk gwa] tks vejhdh okrkZdkjksa ds fudV dke dj jgsFksA os ljdkj vkSj foi{k nksuksa ds yksxksa ls feysA og ,d fo}rkiw.kZiqLrd ds ys[kd gSa ftlesa Hkkjr ds ijek.kq 'kL=kxkjksa dh vejhdh uhfrij ladYiukRed <kapk izLrqr fd;k gSA

tqykbZ 2006 esa jsfMQMkWVdke us mudk baVjO;w fy;k%iz'u% bl le>kSrs ij oktis;h ljdkj ds lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk D;ksa

ugha gks ldk\Vsyhl% le>kSrk blfy, ugha gks Ikk;k D;ksafd oktis;h ljdkj us

bl le>kSrs ds cnys vejhdk dks dqN nsus dh is'kd'k ugha dhA gesa¼izèkkuea=h½ Mk- eueksgu flag dh ljdkj ls vfèkd fey ldkA

iz'u% vki oktis;h ljdkj ls D;k pkgrs Fks tks vkidks ugha feyldk\

Vsyhl% eSa bldk mÙkj ugha ns ldrkAeSaus bls ,slh Hkk"kk esa izLrqr fd;k gS tks vke vkneh le> ldrk

gSa& 1974 esa Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh us iks[kj.k&I dk ijh{k.k dj Hkkjr dk

xkSjo c<+k;kA& Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us iks[kj.k&II dk ijh{k.k dj vkSj

vfèkd xkSjo c<+k;kA& ijarq Mk- eueksgu flag ;g le>kSrk dj ;g lqfuf'pr djsaxs fd

vkxs iks[kj.k III ugha gksxkAbl le>kSrs ds ljdkj vkSj blds ckgj okys leFkZdx.k nkok dj

jgs gSa fd 123 le>kSrs esa ,slk dqN ugha gS fd Hkkjr dks ijh{k.k djus dkvfèkdkj ugha jgsxkA okLro esa] 13 vxLr 2007 dks yksdlHkk esa Mk-eueksgu flag us vkius oDrO; esa iqf"V dh Fkh fd ;g le>kSrk fdlh rjgls Hkh] ;fn Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; fgr esa gksxk rks Hkkjr dks Hkfo"; esa ijek.kqijh{k.k djus ls ugha jksdrk gSA blfy, eSa fQj ls bl ckr dks nksgjkrkgwa fd Hkfo"; esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k djus dk fu.kZ; gekjk laizHkw fu.kZ; gS tksiwjh rjg ls ljdkj ij fuHkZj djrk gSA le>kSrs esa ,slk dqN ugha gS tksfdlh Hkkoh ljdkj ds gkFk ckaèkrk gks ;k dkuwuh :Ik ls Hkkjr dh lqj{kk;k izfrj{kk dh vko';drkvksa ij jksd yxkrk gksA**

vè;{k egksn;] gkbM ,DV dh èkkjk 106 [kqYye[kqYyk Hkkjrh;ijh{k.k ij izfrcaèk yxkrh gSA blesa naMkRed izkoèkku Hkh gS ftUgsaviuk;k tk ldrk gS] ftlesa vejhdk }kjk ijek.kq fj,DVjksa rFkk Hkkjrdks csph vU; lkexzh dh okilh dk vfèkdkj nsrk gSA 123 le>kSrs esablds dk;kZUo;u ds fy, jk"Vªh; dkuwuksa dks ykxw djus dh ekU;rk nsrk

23 24

gSAvr% 123 le>kSrk gkbM ,DV dk mYya?ku dj] ugha fd;k tk ldrk

gSAokLro esa 27 tqykbZ dks okf'kaxVu Mhlh esa 123 le>kSrs ds vafre

:Ik fn, tkus ds ckn fudksyl cUlZ ds izsl lEesyu dks lacksfèkr fd,ikB dk iwjk va'k esjs ikl miyCèk gSA

fjiksZVj dk iz'u% gkbM ,DV esa vejhdh dkaxzsl us Li"V dj fn;k gS fd;fn ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dk ijh{k.k djrk gS rks Hkkjr ds lkFk vejhdk dklg;ksx lekIr gks tk,xk--- ;fn vki Hkkjr dks vk'oklu nsrs gSa fdvesjhdk dh bZaèku vkiwfrZ esa ckèkk ugha iM+sxh pkgs dqN Hkh gksxk rks dkuwudk dSls vuqikyu gksxk\

bl iz'u ij Jh cUlZ dk tokc nsf[k,A mUgksaus dgk% igyh ckr rks;gh gS fd ge bl ckjs esa vkf[kjh ckj ckrphr 'kq: djrs gq, cgqrlkoèkku Fks fd geus Hkkjr ljdkj dks ;kn fnyk fn;k Fkk fd D;ksafdizslhMsaV rFkk izèkkuae=h us tqykbZ 2005 vkSj ekpZ 2006 esa nks le>kSrs fd,Fks fd dqN vkSj ?kfVr gks ldsA ¼vejhdh½ dkaxzsl us mu le>kSrksa ij 6&7eghus rd cgl dh Fkh vkSj dkaxzsl us gkbM ,DV ikfjr fd;k FkkA vkSjgesa ;g lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd bl vejhdk&Hkkjr vlSU; ijek.kqle>kSrs] 123 le>kSrk gkbM ,DV ds lkFk iwjh rjg esy [kk, vkSj ;gLo;a gkbM ,DV dh lhekvksa ls caèkk jgsA*

ekuuh; lnL;ksa dks Jh cUlZ ds nks izeq[k fcanqvksa ij è;ku nsuk gksxk%1- mUgksaus Hkkjrh; okrkZ ny dks ;kn fnyk;k Fkk fd ?kVukvksa ds

dze esa Mk- eueksgu flag vkSj izslhMsaV cq'k ds chp nks le>kSrksa ds ckngkbM ,DV vk;kA

blfy, gesa lqfuf'pr djuk gksxk fd vejhdk&Hkkjr vlSU; ijek.kqle>kSrk] 123 le>kSrk iwjh rjg ls gkbM ,DV ds lkFk esy [kk, rFkkgkbM ,DV dh lhek ls caèkk jgsA*

eSa gkbM ,DV ikfjr gksus ls iwoZ 17 vxLr 2006 dks ¼jkT; lHkk esa½izèkkuea=h }kjk lnu dks fn, x, Li"V vk'oklu dh rjQ è;ku fnykukpkgwaxkA mUgksaus dgk Fkk ;fn vafre :Ik ls] vejhdh dkuwu ;k viukbZxbZ ,u,lth xkbM ykbUk Hkkjr ij ckgj ls yknh tkrh gS rks ljdkjvko';d urhts ij igqapsxh tks eSaus laln dks opu fn;k gSA* vc ge

lHkh tkurs gSa fd vafre :i ls vejhdh dkuwu Hkkjr ij ckgj ls 'krsZaykn jgk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, gkbM ,DV iwjh rjg ls Hkkjr }kjk Hkfo";esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k dk fu"ksèk djrk gSA

vè;{k egksn;] bl cgl ls eq>s dgkor ;kn vkrh gS% ^tYnckthdjks] fQj iNrkvksA ;wih, ljdkj 123 le>kSrs ij fcuk ckr tYnckthdj jgh gS vkSj Hkkjr dks vkus okys n'kdksa esa iNrkuk iM+ ldrk gSA

cgqr igys ns'k dks ljdkj dh foQyrkvkas ds dkj.k iNrkuk iM+kFkk] tc ml le; ljdkj dks ijek.kq ce cukus dk dke djuk pkfg,FkkA

;fn dkaxzsl ljdkj us 1960 ds n'kd esa phu }kjk 1964 eas ysiuksVesa vius igys ijh{k.k ds ckn ijek.kq 'kL= cuk fy;k gksrk] ftldh mlle; tula?k us ekax dh Fkh] rks gesa vkt ;g cgl u djuh iM+rh vkSju gh ;g 123 le>kSrk djuk iM+rkA D;ksafd ml le; oSlk djus lsHkkjr dks 1970 esa cuh ijek.kq vizlkj lafèk ds vUrxZr ijek.kq 'kL=lEiUu ns'k eku fy;k tkrkA

vkSj Hkkjr dks fdlh HksnHkko fcuk vius ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;Zde dsfy, ijek.kq bZaèku rFkk VsDukykth fey ldrk FkkA tSlk fd ge lHkhtkurs gSa fd ,uihVh esa dsoy ikap ns'kksa dks ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT;ekuk tkrk gS D;ksafd mUgksaus 1970 ls igys ijh{k.k dj fy, FksA vkSj nwljsns'kksa ds fy, njokts can dj fn, FksA Hkkjr ds ekeys esa blls Hkh [kjkcckr ;g gS fd Hkkjr dks oSèk vUrjkZ"Vªh; lg;ksx ds ekè;e ls viusijek.kq ÅtkZ c<+kus ls oafpr fd;k tk jgk gSA

tula?k us fnlEcj 1962 esa laln esa ijek.kq 'kL= ds fodkl dh ekaxdh FkhA rc esjh ikVhZ us 1962 esa phuh geys esa Hkkjr dh gkj ds ckn ;gekax j[kh FkhA rc ge gkjs Fks D;ksafd gekjh fefyVjh vko';drkvksa dhmis{kk dh xbZ FkhA

Hkkjr ds ijek.kq dk;Zdze ds fuekZrk MkW- gkseh HkkHkk vPNh rjg lstkurs Fks fd phu dk ijek.kq ijh{k.k cgqr nwj ugha Fkk ¼mudk vuqekuyxHkx 12 ls 18 eghus dk Fkk½] mUgksaus xksiuh; <ax ls phu ds lkFk viusdks [kM+k djus ds fy, usg: ls ijek.kq ijh{k.k dh btktr ekaxh FkhA

4 vDVwcj 1964 dks yUnu ;k=k ds nkSjku MkW- HkkHkk us ?kks"k.kk dhFkh fd ;fn ,slk fu.kZ; fy;k x;k rks Hkkjr 18 eghus esa ijek.kq ce rS;kj

25 26

dj ldrk gS( fdUrq mUgkasus ;s Hkh dgk fd ^eq>s ugha yxrk fd ,slk dksbZfu.kZ; gks ik,xkA** HkkHkk us rdZ fn;k Fkk fd ijek.kq lEiUu 'kL= gksusls dksbZ ns'k vius ls T;kng rkdroj ns'k ds geys ls viuh j{kk djldrk gSA** ¼idksZfop 1999( i`- 67½A

10 o"kZ ckn Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh us iks[kj.k&I dk ijh{k.k dj viuhml Hkwydks dqN lqèkkjk FkkA geus] tula?k us mudk iwjs fny ls Lokxrfd;k Fkk] mUgsa cèkkbZ nh Fkh] gkykafd ml le; ge muds fo:) xEHkhjjktuhfrd yM+kbZ yM+ jgs FksA

bldh rqyuk esa] tc oktis;h ljdkj us 1998 esa lkglh dne mBkdj iks[kj.k II dk ijh{k.k fd;k rks dkaxzsl dh izfrfdz;k nsf[k,A MkW-eueksgu flag us jkT;lHkk esa bl ij rh[kk geyk fd;k FkkA vHkh rdHkktik us dHkh Hkh fdlh ljdkj dh vkykspuk ugha fd og j{kk ekeyksaesa Hkkjr dh lEizHkqrk dks fdlh Hkh rjg de djs njvly geus rksckaXykns'k eqfDr ;q) ds ckn Hkkjr&lksfo;r j{kk lafèk dk leFkZu rdfd;k FkkA Hkkjr vHkh rd lHkh izèkkueaf=;ksa ds 'kkludky esa ,dlEizHkqrk&lEiUu vkSj Lora= jk"Vª jgk gSA ijUrq] iz'u ;g gS fd muesacgqrksa us] u tkus fdu dkj.kksa ls Hkkjr dks ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jk"Vª?kksf"kr djus ds fy, ijek.kq ijh{k.k ds fy, vUrr% mik, ugha fd,AHkktik dh jk; esa muds bl ladksp us Hkkjr dks detksj cuk, j[kkA

iks[kj.k&I vkSj iks[kj.k&II ds dkj.k vejhdk us Hkkjr dh fuank dhvkSj izfrcaèk yxk,A vejhdk }kjk iks[kj.k I vkSj iks[kj.k II esa yxk, x,izfrcaèk vkSj mBk, x, n.MkRed mik, mlds vius ,d rjQk fu.kZ; FksAgeus viuk dke fd;k vkSj bldh mUgksaus viuh izfrfdz;k fn[kkbZA

ijUrq 123 le>kSrk vkSj gkbM ,DV ftl ij ;g vkèkkfjr gS] mlesaLi"V gS fd ;fn iks[kj.k III fd;k x;k rks n.MkRed mik, fd, tk,axsA

gka] ijke'kZ dk izkoèkku gS] ftleas Hkkjr vejhdk dks Li"Vhdj.k nsldrk gS fd fdu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa iks[kj.k III fd;k x;k vkSj ;fn blLi"Vhdj.k ls vejhdk larq"V jgrk gS rks n.MkRed mik, u djsA ijUrq;fn og lUrq"V ugha gS rks n.MkRed dkjZokbZ dh tk,xhA Hkkjr dks blh'krZ ds lkFk iks[kj.k III djus dh Lora=rk dh ckr dgh tkrh gSA

vè;{k egksn;] Hkyk dkSu lk ,slk LokfHkekuh ns'k gS vkSj esjk eryclEizHkq&lEiUu ns'k gS& fd og fdlh Hkh f}i{kh; le>kSrs esa bl izdkj

dh n.MkRed dkjZokbZ ij lger gks ldrk gS\ vr% ge Li"V :i ls ,drjQ iks[kj.k I vkSj iks[kj.k II vkSj nwljh rjQ iks[kj.k III ds ifj.kkeksads chp ekSfyd varj ns[krs gSaA

foxr esa vejhdk }kjk Hkkjr ds f[kykQ n.MkRed dkjZokbZ mldkviuk ,d rjQk fu.kZ; FkkA Hkfo"; eas ,slh n.MkRed dkjZokbZ] ;fn dhtkrh gS rks Hkkjr ds vius f}i{kh; le>kSrs ds vUrxZr lgefr ls gksxhA

Jh lqczãf.k;u tSls yksxksa us tks dqN dgk] mlds foijhr Hkkjr dkpkgs Hkfo"; esa tks Hkh izèkkuea=h gks] mls ,sls n.MkRed dkjZokbZ dksHkqxruk gksxkA

D;k ;g Hkkjr dh lEizHkqrk dk mYya?ku ugha gS rks eq>s dguk iMs+xkfd dkaxzsl ikVhZ dh jk"Vªh; lEizHkqrk dh ifjHkk"kk gh fcYdqy vyx gSAvkSj bl Hkkjr dh lEizHkqrk ds bl mYya?ku dks MkW- eueksgu flag usLohdkj fd;k gSA

vè;{k egksn;] eq>s ;gka ,d egRoiw.kZ iz'u mBkuk gSAeku yhft, fd Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr ds fdlh izèkkuea=h us& eku yhft,

2020 esa& jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ds dkj.k iks[kj.k III dk ijh{kk djuk vko';dgks tkrk gS vkSj og 1974 esa Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh dh rjg vkSj 1998 esaJh oktis;h dh rjg ifj.kkeksa dh ijokg fd, fcuk ijek.kq ijh{k.k djrkgSA

vkSj eku yhft, fd Hkfo"; esa vejhdk dk rRdkyhu izslhMs.V Hkkohizèkkuea=h ds Li"Vhdj.k ls iks[kj.k dh vko';drk ij lger ugha gksrkgS vkSj og 123 le>kSrs ds izkoèkku ykxw dj nsrk gS] ftl ij MkW-eueksgu flag us gLrk{kj fd, gS rks og vius ijek.kq fj,DVj okil eaxkysrk gS rFkk vU; n.MkRed mik, djrk gSA

MkW- eueksgu flag th vkSj lksfu;k th] rks D;k vki Jherh bafnjkxkaèkh vkSj Jh vVyfcgkjh oktis;h] ds tks iks[kj.k III dk ijh{k.k djrkgS] ml ;ksX; mÙkjkfèkdkjh ij ,sls nks"k e<+uk pkgrs gSa\ D;k vki ;g ckrugha le>rs fd vki Hkkjrh;ksa dh vxyh ihf<+;ksa ds izfr mÙkjnk;h ughagS\

cgqr ls ljdkjh okrkZdkjksa us gels iwNk gS% ^ysfdu Hkkjr igys ghijek.kq&ijh{k.k LFkxu ij lger gks pqdk gSA blfy, vkidks iks[kj.kIII ds izfrcaèkksa ij fpark D;ksa gS\**

27 28

eSa vkidks crk nwa fd MkW- eueksgu flag us Hkh Jh oktis;h ls fiNyslIrkg muds fuokl ij ,drjQk LFkxu dk mYys[k fd;k FkkA eSa Hkh mlcSBd esa mifLFkr FkkA eSa izèkkuea=h vkSj lHkh lnu ds lnL;ksa dks crkukpkgrk gwa fd oktis;h ljdkj us iks[kj.k II ds ckn tks ?kks"k.kk dh Fkhog ,d rjQk LFkxu FkkA dkuwuh okrkZ vkSj izsfDVl esa ,d rjQk LFkxuls ge ij dksbZ ckè;dkjh opu ugha fy;k tkrk gSA

:lh vkSipkfjd lw=ksa ds vuqlkj] Hkkjr dk vejhdk ds 123 le>kSrsds led{k ,d baVjxouZesaVy le>kSrk f'k[kj lEesyu ds nkSjku gLrk{kjds fy, rS;kj Fkk] ijUrq vkf[kjh fefuV esa Hkkjr mlls ihNs gV x;kA D;ksa]dSls vkSj bl udkjkRedrk ds fufgrkFkZ ;fn cgqr lh phtsa gS ftuesaHkkjr vlSU; lg;ksx ij vyx ls fo'ys"k.k djus dh t:jr gksrh gSA

vè;{k egksn;] eSa ;g dg dj viuh ckr lekIr d:axk fd orZekufLFkfr esa 123 le>kSrk Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gS D;kasfd ;gnh?kZdkyhu fgrksa ds fy, Hkkjr ds fy, gkfudkjd gSA vkSj eSa ljdkj esacSBs vius lHkh fe=ksa vkSj vejhdk ds vius fe=ksa dks crk nsuk pkgwaxk fd;fn gesa fQj ls tukns'k feyk vkSj vius bl egku ns'k dh lsok djusdk volj feyk rks Hkktik Hkkjr dh fgrksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, blle>kSrs ij fQj ls ckrphr djsxkA n

j.kuhfrd Lora=rk dks j.kuhfrd vuqpjrkj.kuhfrd Lora=rk dks j.kuhfrd vuqpjrkj.kuhfrd Lora=rk dks j.kuhfrd vuqpjrkj.kuhfrd Lora=rk dks j.kuhfrd vuqpjrkj.kuhfrd Lora=rk dks j.kuhfrd vuqpjrkesa u cnys ;wih, ljdkjesa u cnys ;wih, ljdkjesa u cnys ;wih, ljdkjesa u cnys ;wih, ljdkjesa u cnys ;wih, ljdkj

jktukFk flag ¼jk”Vªh; v/;{k] Hkktik½jktukFk flag ¼jk”Vªh; v/;{k] Hkktik½jktukFk flag ¼jk”Vªh; v/;{k] Hkktik½jktukFk flag ¼jk”Vªh; v/;{k] Hkktik½jktukFk flag ¼jk”Vªh; v/;{k] Hkktik½

Hkkjr vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrs dks ysdj Hkktik dk er igys ls ghLi"V gSA bl le>kSrs dh fn'kk esa le;&le; ij ljdkj }kjk mBk;s x;sdneksa ij ge viuh izfrfØ;k Li"V djrs jgs gSA ijUrq fiNys fnuksaokeiaFkh nyksa us bl fo"k; dks ftl :i esa mBk;k og jk"Vªh; fgrksa lsde vkSj iwokZxzg ls xzflr vfèkd izrhr gksrk gSA bl le>kSrs ij gekjkfojksèk u dsoy fojksèk ds fy, Fkk vkSj u gh okeiaFkh nyksa dh rjg vaèkvesfjdk fojksèk ds fy, FkkA gekjk fojksèk ns'k dh lEizHkqrk vkSj jk"Vªh;LokfHkeku ds fy, FkkA gekjk fojksèk j.kuhfrd Lora=rk dks j.kuhfrdvuqpjrk ¼fiNyXxwiu½ esa cnyus ls jksdus ds fy, FkkA

Hkktik iwokZxzg xzLr gksdj u fdlh ns'k ds fojksèk esa gS u leFkZu esaAtgka rd vesfjdk dk lacaèk gS Hkkjr vesfjdh lacaèkksa dk lcls 'kkunkjle; oktis;h ljdkj dk le; FkkA geus Hkkjr vesfjdk lacaèkksa esa;qxkUrj LFkkfir fd;kA igys 1998 esa iks[kj.k foLQksV djds vUrjkZ"Vªh;eap ij Hkkjr ds jk"Vªh; LokfHkeku dk mn~?kks"k fd;kA 1999 esa vkfFkZdizfrcaèkksa dk lkeuk djrs gq, Hkh lh,Vy dh fo'o O;kikj laxBu cSBdesa Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fgrksa ds fo#) izLrko ugha ikfjr gksus fn;sA ;kfuvius lkefjd vkSj vkfFkZd nksuksa fgrksa dh j{kk djrs gq, LokfHkeku dslkFk cjkcjh ds Lrj ij vesfjdk ds lkFk nksLrh dk u;k vè;k; izkjaHkfd;kA vesfjdk gh ugha cfYd fo'o ds lHkh ns'kksa ds lkFk Hkkjr dsdwVuhfrd lacaèkksa dk lcls 'kkunkj vè;k; Hkh ,uMh, ljdkj dsdk;Zdky esa izkjaHk gqvkA ge bls vkxs Hkh tkjh j[kuk pkgrs gSA

dkaxzsl gks vFkok okeiaFkh ny bu lHkh us 1998 esa iks[kj.k foLQksVdk fojksèk fd;k FkkA okeiafFk;ksa us bls vuko';d rd dgk FkkA okeiaFkh

29 30

1964 esa phu ds ijek.kq foLQksV dk leFkZu djrs Fks ijUrq 1998 esa Hkkjrds ijek.kq foLQksV dk fojksèk djrs FksA ijUrq vkt os ijek.kq foLQksV dhLora=rk ds leFkZd gks jgs gSA vr% Li"V gS fd dkaxzsl vkSj okeiaFkh nksuksadks Hkkjr dh vk.kfod {kerk ls dksbZ ljksdkj u igys Fkk vkSj u vc gSAos ijek.kq eqís ij dsoy jktuhfr dh jksVh lsad jgs gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj us ijek.kq le>kSrs ij Hkkjr ds nh?kZdkfyd lkefjdfgrksa ds lkFk le>kSrk djus dh xyrh dh gSA ge fdlh Hkh dher ijviuh vk.kfod lEizHkqrk ij fu;a=.k vkSj fons'k uhfr ij ncko Lohdkjugha dj ldrsA vr% gekjk ;g ekuuk gS fd Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kqle>kSrs dks vafre :i esa Lohdkj djrs gq, ykxw djus ls igys la;qDrlalnh; lfefr }kjk bldh leh{kk dh tkuh pkfg,A Hkfo"; esa ,slh?kVukvksa dh iqukjko`fr u gks blds fy, ;g O;oLFkk dh tk, fdvUrjkZ"Vªh; lafèk;ksa dk vuqeksnu laln dh iqf"V ds ckn gh gks ldrk gSAD;ksafd laln ns'k ds tuekul dh lkewfgd vfHkO;fDr vkSj vkdka{kk dksifjyf{kr djrh gSA fdlh Hkh lafèk ij laln dk vuqeksnu ;g lqfuf'prdjsxk fd dHkh Hkh lRrkèkkjh ny vFkok nyksa dh iwokZxzg dh Nk;k jk"Vªh;fgrksa ij u iM+ ldsaA ¼flrEcj 2007 ds v/;{kh; Hkk”k.k ls ladfyr½ n

;wih, ljdkj dk joS;k xSjftEesnkjkuk % osadS;k uk;Mw

vesfjdk ds lkFk ijek.kq djkj djus esa gesa dksbZ vkifÙk ugha gSAoSf'od nkSj esa lacaèkksa ds cnyrs vk;ke us vesfjdk dks gekjs djhc djfn;k gS] blfy, mlds lkFk utnhdh lacaèk cukus esa gesa dksbZ ,srjktugha gksuk pkfg,A ysfdu le>kSrs dk orZeku izk:i ns'k ds lkFk èkks[kkgSA blds izkoèkku gekjs ugha cfYd vesfjdk dh rjQ >qds gq, gSaA ljdkjrks ;g Hkze QSyk jgh gS fd bl lafèk ls Hkkjr dks varjkZ"Vªh; Lrj ij

ijek.kq 'kfDr ds :i esa ekU;rk fey xbZ gS tcfd gdhdr ;g gS fdle>kSrs ds ckn Hkkjr dk ntkZ xSj ijek.kq gfFk;kj okys ns'k ds cjkcjgks tk,xkA

ljdkj us bl elys ij csgrj xSj ftEesnkjkuk joS;k viuk;k gSAle>kSrs ls tqM+h ftruh Hkh vk'kadk,a Fkha mlds ckjs esa ljdkj us lalnvkSj ns'k dh turk dks xqejkg fd;kA ljdkj us dbZ xyr tkudkfj;kanha vkSj dbZ ,sls vk'oklu fn, tks iwjs ugha fd, x,A esjh jk; rks ;gkard gS fd ,sls elys ij lafoèkku vkSj dkuwuksa esa mfpr la'kksèku fd;ktkuk pkfg, rkfd ns'k dh {ks=h; v[kaMrk] laizqHkrk vkSj jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ijvlj Mkyus okys le>kSrksa ds fy, laln dh eatwjh vfuok;Z cu tk,A

vc vkb, ,srjkt ds i{k ij] ,d rks ;g gS fd 123 djkj gkbM ,DVizkoèkkuksa ls caèkk gSA gkbM ,DV vesfjdh dkuwu dk fgLlk gS tcfd djkjvarjkZ"Vªh;] blfy, ;g dgha ls Hkh rdZlaxr ugha tku iM+rk fd gkbM,DV djkj dks fu;af=r djsA gkbM ,DV ds izkoèkkuksa ds vuqlkj 123le>kSrk dHkh Hkh jÌ gks ldrk gSA blesa u dsoy ijek.kq ijh{k.k cfYdvesfjdh fons'k uhfr dks leFkZu u nsus dh fLFkfr esa Hkh le>kSrk [kRedjus dk izkoèkku gSA oSls gekjk ewy fojksèk ijek.kq ijh{k.k ds gekjsvfèkdkj dks rkd ij j[kus dks ysdj gSA ;g ns'k dh laizHkqrk vkSj fons'kuhfr ds fy, [krjs okyh ckr gSA ljdkj us bl fcanq ij ns'kfgr dh cfyp<+k nh gSA vxys pquko esa vxj gekjh ikVhZ lÙkk esa vkrh gS rks djkjds bl Lo:i dks ge drbZ Lohdkj ugha djsaxsA vesfjdk ls bl elysij fQj ls ckrphr dh tk,xhA vxj vessfjdk ugha ekuk rks ,sls Mhy dksfrykatfy ns nh tk,xhA gekjk fojksèk oke nyksa ls vyx gSA oke dh rjggekjk fojksèk blfy, ugha gS fd ge vesfjdk dks vNwr ekurs gSaA djkjdh vgfe;r u flQZ cnyrs oSf'od nkSj dh ubZ O;oLFkk cfYd mtkZ dhekax ds dkj.k Hkh vfuok;Z gS fdarq gesa vius vfèkdkjksa dks Hkh ns[kukgksxkA orZeku ljdkj blh pht dks ugha ns[k ik jgh gS blfy, blljdkj dk gVuk vfuok;Z le>k tkuk pkfg,A n

31 32

laizx dks lcd fl[kk,xhturk % ykyÑ".k vkMok.kh

fiNys fnuksa Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrs ds eqÌs ijokeiaFkh nyksa us laizx ljdkj ls leFkZu okil ys fy;k]ftlds dkj.k ljdkj vYier esa vk xbZA bldsifj.kkeLo:i 21 tqykÃ] 2008 dks izèkkuea=h MkW- eueksguflag us yksdlHkk esa fo'okl&er izLrko izLrqr fd;kAfo'okl&er izLrko ij nksuksa fnu yach cgl gqbZA lŸkki{k vkSj foi{k ds chp vkjksi&izR;kjksi yxk, x,A Hkktikdh vksj ls yksdlHkk esa foi{k ds usrk Jh ykyÑ".kvkMok.kh] izks- fot; dqekj eYgks=k] Jh vuar dqekj] Jh'kkguokt gqlSu ,oa Jh [kkjcsy LokbZa us vius rF;iw.kZHkk"k.k ls laizx ljdkj dh ukdkfe;ksa ij tedj izgkjfd,A Hkktik lkalnksa us vkjksi yxk;k fd dsUnz ljdkjijek.kq le>kSrs ds eqÌs ij ns'k dh laizHkqrk dks [krjs esaMkyrs gq, vesfjdk ds lkeus ?kqVus Vsd jgh gSA ge ;gkayksdlHkk esa fo'okl&er izLrko ij Hkktik lkalnksa }kjkfn, x, Hkk"k.k ds izeq[k va'k izdkf'kr dj jgs gaSA

la;qDr izxfr'khy xBcUèku ¼;w-ih-,½ ljdkj ebZ] 2004 esa cuh FkhAblus 22 ebZ] 2004 dks 'kiFk xzg.k dh FkhA okLro esa] ;g ljdkj dkQhyEcs le; ls fuf"dz; jgh gSA eSasus 1952 ls ubZ fnYyh esa yxHkx lHkhljdkjsa ns[kh gSaA dqN detksj vkSj vYidkfyd ljdkjsa Hkh jgh gSaAysfdu eSasus ,slh ljdkj dHkh ugha ns[kh tks brus yEcs le; rd

ydokxzLr jgh gksAeSaus 15 fnu igys] dgk Fkk fd ljdkj dh gkyr bruh [kjkc gS fd

og vkbZ-lh-;w- esa HkrhZ gSA bl Hk;kud jksxxzLr ljdkj dk dy D;kgksxk] ;g iz'u lHkh Hkkjrh;ksa ds fnekx esa gSAizèkkuea=h us Lo;a ;w-ih-,- ljdkj dks vfLFkj dj fn;k gS

vè;{k egksn;] ;g egRoiw.kZ gS fd vkt dh cgl bl ckr ijdsfUnzr gS fd izèkkuea=h dks vc fo'okler gkfly djuk D;ksa iM+ jgkgS\ ydokxzLr jgrs gq, Hkh og iwjs ikap lky rd lRrk esa cuh jg ldrhFkhA D;ksa MkW0 eueksgu flag dh ljdkj us viuk cgqer [kks fn;k gS\ ;gvius vki gh D;ksa Qal x;h gS vkSj ns'k dks bl ladV esa D;ksa Mky fn;k\

igyk eqn~nk ftl ij eSa cy nsuk pkgwaxkA og gS fd foi{k usvfLFkjrk iSnk djus esa dksbZ Hkwfedk ugha fuHkkbZ gS] cfYd lgh ckr ;ggS fd ljdkj us [kqn gh vius dks vfLFkj dj fy;k gSA eSa ,d dne vkSjvkxs tkdj n`<+rkiwoZd dgrk gwa fd izèkkuea=h us gh O;fDrxr :i lsviuh ljdkj dks vfLFkj cuk fy;k gSA bl fcUnq dks le>uk t:jh gSAD;ksafd] gkykafd foi{k esa jgdj ge ljdkj dks lnu esa gjkuk pkgrs gSa]blfy, ge ij ljdkj fxjkus dk "kM~;a= jpus dk vkjksi ugha yxk;k tkldrkA ljdkj dks gjkus vkSj vfLFkj djus esa varj gSA

ljdkj dks gjkus ds fy, rks ge oksV nsaxsA ijarq mls vfLFkj cukusdk dke rks Lo;a izèkkuea=h us fd;k gSA Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ vkSj dkaxzslds vkpj.k esa varj nsf[k,A fiNys pkj lkyksa esa Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZvFkok jk"Vªh; turkaf=d xBcUèku ¼,u-Mh-,½ us ;w-ih-,- ljdkj dksvfLFkj djus dh dHkh Hkh dksf'k'k ugha dhA ysfdu dkaxzsl us 1999 esaigyh oktis;h ljdkj ds lRrk esa vkus ds 13 eghuksa ds Hkhrj gh mlsvfLFkj gh dj fn;kA blls igys Hkh] dkaxzsl us Jh pUnz'ks[kj] Jh nsosxkSM+kvkSj Jh bUnj dqekj xqtjky dh ljdkjksa dks vfLFkj cuk;k FkkAfo'okl?kkr dh ,d yEch xkFkk

gkykafd bl ckj vfLFkjrk iwjh rjg Lo;a dkaxzsl }kjk gh iSnk dh xbZgSA okeiafFk;ksa ds lkFk esjh ikVhZ ds vusd xaHkhj erHksn gSa vkSj ;s erHksnjgsaxs HkhA ysfdu ljdkj dks vfLFkj cukus ds fy, eSa okeiaFkh ikfVZ;ksa dksnks"k ugha ns ldrkA izèkkuea=h us ,slh fLFkfr iSnk dj nh gS ftlusokeiaFkh ikfVZ;ksa dks ljdkj ls leFkZu okfil ysus ij etcwj dj fn;kA

laln esa cgllaln esa cgllaln esa cgllaln esa cgllaln esa cgl

33 34

bl fu.kZ; dks ysus dk mUgksaus tks dkj.k fn;k gS] mls dkaxzsl vkSjokeiafFk;ksa ds chp dksbZ vkarfjd ekeyk ugha le>k tk ldrkA osxBcUèku ds ;qx esa yksdrkaf=d vkpj.k ds ewy rd x;s gSaA gekjk ns'kxBcUèku ds ;qx esa izos'k dj pqdk gSA dkxzsl dk ,d ikVhZ dk izHkqRo vcchrh ckr cu x;k gS ysfdu dkaxzsl usrRo vHkh Hkh iqjkuh rjg gh O;ogkjdj jgk gSA orZeku ladV dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds vD[kM+iu vkSj xBcUèku èkeZdh Hkkouk ls vU; ikfVZ;ksa ds lkFk feydj dke djus dh vleFkZrk dsewy esa fufgr gSA

tc Jh oktis;h us ekpZ 1998 esa ljdkj cukbZ rks jk"Vªh; turkaf=dxBcaèku esa Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ gh ,d ,slh ikVhZ Fkh ftlus Hkkjr dksijek.kq vL= 'kfDr cukus ds okns dks vius pquko ?kks"k.kk&i= esa 'kkfeyfd;k FkkA ysfdu geus bl eqn~ns ij vius xBcaèku ds lHkh lg;ksfx;ksals fopkj&foe'kZ fd;k] mudk lg;ksx izkIr fd;k vkSj bls jk"Vªh;turkaf=d xBcaèku ¼ftls 'kklu dk jk"Vªh; ,tsaMk dgk x;k½ ds lk>kU;wure dk;Zdze esa 'kkfey fd;kA mu eqn~nksa ftu ij gekjs xBcaèku dslg;ksfx;ksa ds lkFk lgefr ugha gqbZ Fkh] dks lk>k U;wure dk;Zdze lsvyx j[kk x;k FkkA gkykafd os Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds ?kks"k.kk&i= dk,d fgLlk FksA

varj nsf[k;s] Hkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrk u rks dkaxzsl ikVhZ dspquko ?kks"k.kk&i= esa 'kkfey Fkk vkSj u gh dkaxzsl us bl eqn~ns dks ;wih,ds lk>k U;wure dk;Zdze esa 'kkfey djus ds fy, viuh lg;ksxh ikfVZ;ksavkSj ?kVdksa ls ijke'kZ fd;kA

blls cqfu;knh varj dk irk pyrk gS fdl rjg Jh vVy fcgkjhoktis;h us N% o"kksZa rd jktx xBcUèku ljdkj pykbZ vkSj fdl rjg lsMk0 eueksgu flag rFkk Jherh lksfu;k xkaèkh fiNys pkj lkyksa ls ;w-ih-,- xBcUèku ljdkj dks pyk jgs gSaA

eSa izèkkuea=h ls iwNuk pkgrk gwa fd vki lnu esa rks fo'okl ergkfly dj jgs gSa ysfdu vkidh ikVhZ vkSj ljdkj ds vkpj.k esa fo'okldk iwjh rjg ls vHkko gS! izèkkuea=h vkSj dkaxzsl vè;{k us viuh lg;ksxhikfVZ;ksa ds lkFk] laln ds lkFk vkSj iwjs jk"Vª ds lkFk vfo'oLr <ax lsO;ogkj fd;k gSA eSa izèkkuea=h ls dqN iz'u iwNdj bldk mnkgj.k nsrkgwa %

dkaxzsl xBcUèku èkeZ esa fo'okl ugha j[krh

vkt dkaxzsl esa gj dksbZ O;fDr ;g dg jgk gS fd vesfjdk ds lkFkijek.kq djkj jk"Vª ds fgr esa gS vkSj ;g fd jk"Vª fgr ls dksbZ le>kSrkugha fd;k tk,xkA ;fn vki blds ckjs esa iwjh rjg ls ,slk eglwl djrsgSa rks vkius bl eqn~ns dks ;wih-,- ds lk>k U;wure dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey D;ksaugha fd;k\ vkius bls dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds ?kks"k.kk&i= esa Hkh 'kkfey D;ksa ughafd;k\

vkf[kjdkj lk>k U;wure dk;ZØe ewykèkkj Fkk ftlds vkèkkj ij 62lkalnksa ds lkFk okeiaFkh ikfVZ;ka vkidh ljdkj dks ckgj ls leFkZu nsusij lger gqbZ FkhaA ebZ 2004 esa u rks dkaxzsl vkSj u gh ;w-ih-,- dks bllnu esa cgqer izkIr FkkA vkSj vkidh ljdkj okeiaFkh nyksa ds leFkZuds fcuk lRrk esa ugha vk ldrh FkhA D;k ;gh ^xBcUèku èkeZ** gS fd vkiustukns'k u gksus ds ckotwn ijek.kq le>kSrk vkxs c<+k;k gSA Hkkjrh;turk ikVhZ vkSj okenyksa&nksuksa }kjk mBkbZ xbZ vkifRr;ksa ds ckotwn &vkSj geus vius fHkUu ifjisz{;ksa ls fojksèk trk;k Fkk & vkidh ljdkj usvesfjdk ds lkFk 123 le>kSrs ij gLrk{kj dj fn,A tc okeiaFk us fojksèkfd;k rks vkius ijek.kq le>kSrs ds lHkh igyqvksa dk vè;;u djus ds fy,;w-ih-,-&ys¶V desVh xfBr dj nhA vkius viuh ljdkj ds lcls ofj"Bea=h Jh iz.ko eq[kthZ dks bl lfefr dk vè;{k cuk fn;kA

Jh iz.ko eq[kthZ us viuh vksj ls okeiafFk;ksa dks fofèkor~ ;gvk'oklu fn;k fd Hkkjr vkSj vUrjkZ"Vªh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ ,tsalh ¼vkbZ-,-bZ-,-½ ds chp lqj{kk le>kSrs ¼lsQxkMZ ,xzhesaV½ ds elkSns dks vafre :insus ls igys lfefr ds fu"d’kksZa dks è;ku esa j[kk tk,xkA vkius okeiafFk;ksadks lQkbZ nsrs gq, dgk fd os vki ij Hkjkslk j[ksaA ysfdu vki viusvk'oklu ij fVds ugha jgsA vki pqipki vUrjkZ"Vªh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ ,tsalhds ikl igqap x,Alaln dh voekuuk

bl izfd;k esa vkius jk"Vª ds lkFk fo'okl?kkr fd;k gSA tcokeiaFkh ikfVZ;ksa us viuk leFkZu okil ys fy;k rks vkidh ljdkjvYier ljdkj cu xbZA ml fnu Jh iz.ko eq[kthZ us lkoZtfud :i lsvk'oLr fd;k Fkk fd laln esa fo'okl er gkfly djus ls igys ljdkjvkbZ-,-bZ-,- ugha tk,xhA exj bl vk'oklu dk mYy?kau fd;k x;kA

35 36

bruk gh ugha] mUgksaus dgk fd os ;g vk'oklu izèkkuea=h ls VsfyQksu ijgqbZ ckrphr ds ckn ns jgs gSaA tksfd ml le; th&8 f'k[kj lEesyu esaHkkx ysus gsrq tkiku esa FksA bl vk'oklu dk mYya?ku fd;k x;kA vè;{kegksn;] eSa ;g lqudj nax jg x;k vkSj eq>s fo'okl gh ugha gqvk tcizèkkuea=h us vius gh fons'k ea=h ds vk'oklu dks >wBk lkfcr dj fn;kAeSa izèkkuea=h ls ekax djrk gwa fd os crk,a fd mUgksaus ,slk D;ksa fd;k\ bllnu dks tkuus dk iwjk vfèkdkj gS fd dkSu lgh Fkk & izèkkuea=h ;kmuds ofj"Bre lg;ksxh\ nksuksa esa ls dsoy ,d gh lgh gks ldrk gSA vkSjfQj ;g fdl rjg dh ljdkj gS ftlesa izèkkuea=h u dsoy leFkZd nyksadk fo'okl Nyrs gSa vfirq vius fons'k ea=h esa Hkh vfo'okl izdV djrsgSa\

,slh ljdkj ftlesa ijek.kq le>kSrs ds ckjs esa bruh xqIrrk gS fdvius fons'k ea=h dks Hkh fo'okl esa ugha fy;k tk ldrk] D;k pyus nsusyk;d gS\ ughaA eSa ljdkj esa ikjnf'kZrk esa deh dk ,d vkSj mnkgj.knsrk gwaA vkidh ljdkj nkok djrh jgh fd lqj{kk le>kSrk ¼lsQxkMZ,xzhesaV½ dk izk:i ,d oxhZd`r* (classified) nLrkost gSA ysfdu ;ghrFkkdfFkr oxhZdr* nLrkost fo;uk igqaprs gh baVjusV ij lkoZtfud gksx;kA ;g dSlh foMEcuk gS fd vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ds cksMZ vkWQ xouZlZ esaizfrfufèkRo djus okys ns'kksa dh ljdkjksa vkSj jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksa dks Hkkjrls lEcfUèkr lsQxkMZ ,xzhesaV ds elkSns dh fo"k;&oLrq ij cgl djus dkekSdk feyrk gSA ysfdu Hkkjr dh turk vkSj jktuhfrd nyksa dks ml lsoafpr j[kk tkrk gSA

D;k ;g gekjs yksdra= dh cnukeh ugha gS fd lkalnksa dks ,d ,slsle>kSrs tks ges'kk gekjs ns'k ij ckè;dkjh jgsxk] dh fo"k;&oLrq ij ppkZdjus dk volj gh u feys\ D;k ;g laln ds izfr vlEeku ugha gS\ vkSjD;k ,d ,slh ljdkj ftldk laln esa dksbZ fo'okl gh ugha gS] dklkalnksa dk fo'okl gkfly djus dk vfèkdkj gS\ ughaA^^O;kid jk"Vªh; vke&lgefr** dgka gS\

vè;{k egksn;] eSa vc izèkkuea=h }kjk laln esa fn, x, mudsvk'okluksa dks rksM+us ds ,d vkSj Hkn~ns mnkgj.k dh vksj lnu dk è;kuvkd`"V djuk pkgwaxkA ;gka esjs ikl ml izsl dkaQzsl dh VªkalfLdzIVmiyCèk gS ftls izèkkuea=h MkW0 eueksgu flag us 20 tqykbZ] 2005 dks

okf'kaxVu esa lEcksfèkr fd;k Fkk&;kfu tks Hkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrsds ckjs esa muds vkSj vesfjdh jk"Vªifr tkWtZ cq'k }kjk ,d la;qDr oDrO;tkjh fd, tkus ds nks fnuksa ckn vk;ksftr dh xbZ FkhA

lnu dks ;g ;kn fnykuk t:jh gksxk fd muds ns'k esa ykSVus ijJh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us la;qDr oDrO; dh vkykspuk djrs gq, ,doDrO; tkjh fd;k FkkA esjh ikVhZ ds dqN ofj"B usrk Jh vVy fcgkjhoktis;h ds vkokl ij muls feys Fks vkSj mUgksaus la;qDr oDrO; dhfo"k;&oLrq ij ppkZ dh Fkh rFkk 'kq:vkrh pj.k esa gh ml ij gekjh xgjhfpUrk O;Dr dh x;h FkhA ,d izsl laoknnkrk us Mk0 eueksgu flag ls,d lhèkk loky iwNk% ^^izèkkuea=h th] D;k u, Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kqle>kSrs dks O;ogkj esa ykus esa vki vius lg;ksfx;ksa vkSj fojksfèk;ksa dhvksj ls fdUgha izfrjksèkksa dks ns[krs gSa\ vkSj D;k vki fons'k uhfr esalaHkor;k bl ubZ fn'kk ds ckjs esa D;k laln dh Lohd`fr vFkok lgefrysuk pkgsaxs\**

izèkkuea=h us dqN bl rjg ls tokc fn;k % ^gekjs ns'k esa laln lEizHkqgS vkSj ;g dgus dh t:jr ugha gS fd ,d O;kid jk"Vªh; vke&lgefrds vkèkkj ij ge vkxs c<+ ldrs gSaA** ;fn Mk0 eueksgu flag lpeqp esa^^gekjs ns'k dh laln dh loksZPprk esa fo'okl j[krs gSa rks mUgksaus 123le>kSrs vkSj vkbZ-,-bZ-,- esa lqj{kk le>kSrs dh vksj nkSM+ yxkus ls igyslaln ds nksuksa lnuksa dh Hkkouk dks le>us dh dksf'k'k D;ksa ugha dh\

eSa izèkkuea=h ls tkuuk pkgwaxk fd D;k os ekurs gSa fd ijek.kq le>kSrsds orZeku Lo:i ij O;kid jk"Vªh; vke&lgefr* gSA fnu ds mtkys dhrjg mRrj lkQ gSA rc fQj mUgksaus vkxs c<+us dk QSlyk D;ksa pquk\vkt ;g lnu tkuuk pkgsxk fd izèkkuea=h us bl ij O;kid jk"Vªh;vke& lgefr cukus ds fy, D;k iz;kl fd,\ D;k vkius ijek.kq le>kSrsij lHkh ikfVZ;ksa dh dksbZ Hkh cSBd cqykbZ\ laln ds ekuuh; lnL;ksa dksLej.k gksxk fd esjh ikVhZ vkSj ,uMh, us ckj&ckj ekax eq[kj dh fd lHkhnyksa ds izfrfufèk;ksa dh ,d la;qDr lalnh; lfefr ¼tsihlh½ cukbZ tk,tks ijek.kq le>kSrs ds lHkh igyqvksa dk vè;;u dj ldsA ljdkj usgekjh ekax ugha ekuh] D;ksa\ tcfd ijek.kq le>kSrs ds Hkkjr ij nwjxkehifj.kke iM+us okys gSa] rc izèkkuea=h us 'kk;n lkspk gks fd bl fo"k; ijlakln vius fopkj j[k ldus esa vleFkZ gksaxsA D;k bldk vFkZ ;g ugha

37 38

gS fd mudk lkalnksa eas fo'okl ugha gS\ ;fn ljdkj lkalnksa esa fo'oklugha j[krh rks vc ;g fdl vfèkdkj ls fo'okl ekax jgh gS\vesfjdk ds lkFk LVsªVsftd Hkkxhnkjh] exj leku 'krksZa ij

izèkkuea=h ds fo:) esjk ;g vkjksi gS fd mUgksaus nks lEizHkq jk"Vªksa dschp ,d egRoiw.kZ le>kSrs dks nks O;fDr;ksa& Lo;a rFkk jk"Vªifr cq'k dschp lhfer dj fn;kA mUgksaus bl Hkkxhnkjh esa ,d rjg ls dfu"BHkkxhnkj ds :i esa O;ogkj fd;k gSA

okLro esa] ijek.kq le>kSrs ds ewy ikB vkSj lanHkZ us 'kq: ls ghHkkjrh;ksa dks ;g vkHkkl fnyk;k gS fd ;w-ih-,- ljdkj fo'o&O;oLFkk esaHkkjr dh detksj fLFkfr dks Lohdkj djuk pkgrh gSA eSa lkQ djukpkgrk gwa & vkSj ;gka ij okeiafFk;ksa ds lkFk esjh ikVhZ iwjh rjg ls vyxgS&fd Hkktik Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ds chp eS=hiw.kZ lEcUèkksa dks ns[kukpkgrh gSA okLro esa] nqfu;k dk ,d lcls cM+k yksdra= vkSj nwljk nqfu;kdk lokZfèkd etcwr yksdra= & eSa ekurk gwa fd gekjs nksuksa ns'kksa dks lekumn~ns';ksa ds fy, LVsªVsftd Hkkxhnkjh cukuh pkfg,A

dgus dh vko';drk ugha gS fd Hkkjr dks blds lkFk&lkFk vktfo'o dh vU; lHkh cM+h 'kfDr;ksa ds lkFk xgjh fe=rk vkSj lg;ksxLFkkfir djuk pkfg, ftls ge Hkfo"; esa ,d cgq&èkqzo fo'o ds :i esans[kuk pkgrs gSaA ,d ,slk cgq&èkqzoh; fo'o ftlesa Hkkjr Lo;a gh lEiw.kZekuork ds dY;k.k ds fy, dk;Z djrs gq, ,d egRoiw.kZ èkqzo cusA

ysfdu eSa crk nwa fd ge vesfjdk ls leku 'krksZa ij LVsªVsftdHkkxhnkjh pkgrs gSaA Hkktik dHkh Hkh] fdlh Hkh ns'k ls ,sls lEcUèkksa dksLohdkj ugha djsxh] pkgs og ns'k fdruk Hkh etcwr vkSj 'kfDr'kkyh D;ksau gks &ftlesa Hkkjr ,d DykbaV* ;k th&gtwjh okyk Hkkxhnkj curk gksA;g nq%[k dh ckr gS fd izèkkuea=h pkgrs gSa fd Hkkjr la;qDr jkT; vesfjdkds lkFk vius lEcUèkksa esa ^LVsªVsftd th&gtwjh** dks Lohdkj djsA LVsªVsftdth&gtwjh** dk igyw mu izfrcaèkksa esa vfèkd >ydrk gS ftUgsa ljdkj usgekjs LVsªVsftd dk;Zdze ds ckjs esa Lohdkj fd;k gSA ijek.kq le>kSrkvius orZeku Lo:i esa dqN ugha gS cfYd gekjs LVsªVsftd ijek.kq vL=dk;ZØe ds ckjs esa dBksj izfrcaèkksa dh Lohdfr gSA lHkh vesfjdh okrkZdkjksapkgs os fjifCydu ikVhZ ds gksa ;k MseksdzsfVd ikVhZ ls lEcUèk j[krs gksa ;kLora= fo'ks"kK gkas] us ;g Li"V dj fn;k gS fd tgka rd muds ns'k dk

lEcUèk gS] mudk izeq[k mn~ns'; Hkkjr dks ijek.kq vizlkj O;oLFkk dsvarxZr ykuk gSA tks os pkgrs gSa] og Mk0 eueksgu flag ds ml vkykspukRed:[k ls iwjh rjg esy [kkrk gS tks mUgksaus 1998 esa iks[kj.k&2 ijek.kqijh{k.k ds ckn viuk;k FkkA os nksuksa pkgrs gSa fd Hkkjr vesfjdk }kjkfunsZf'kr ijek.kq vizlkj O;oLFkk ds vèkhu vk tk,A

blfy,] orZeku Lo:i esa ijek.kq le>kSrs dk vFkZ gS fd Hkkjr dksle>kSrs dks lekIr fd, cxSj vkSj dBksj naMdkjh dkjZokbZ ds fcukiks[kj.k&3 vkSj iks[kj.k&4 ijek.kq foLQksV djus dh vuqefr ugha nhtk,xhA ;g esjh ikVhZ] jk"Vªh; turkaf=d xBcUèku] bl lnu ds vfèkdka'klkalnksa rFkk dqy feykdj] ns'k dh turk dks Lohdk;Z ugha gSA;w-ih-,- ljdkj ds >wBs nkos vkSj ^^lcds fy, fctyh** ds ckjs esa fujk'kktud

^^Vsªd&fjdkMZ **

vè;{k egksn;] gkykafd esjh ikVhZ us ijek.kq le>kSrs dk bldsorZeku Lo:i esa fojksèk fd;k gSA ysfdu bl ckr dks Li"V :i ls le>ysuk pkfg, fd ge ijek.kq 'kfDr cuus ds f[kykQ ugha gSA ge mu 'krksZaij ftuls gekjs lHkh jk"Vªh; fgrksa dh j{kk gksrh gks] vesfjdk lfgr lHkhns'kksa ds lkFk ijek.kq lg;ksx ds Hkh fo:) ugha gSaA eSa ;g blfy, dgjgk gwa D;ksafd dkaxzsl ikVhZ us igys gh ,d izpkj vfHk;ku pyk;k gqvkgS ftlesa turk dks ;g fo'okl fnykrs gq, xqejkg fd;k tk jgk gS fdtks yksx ijek.kq le>kSrs ds f[kykQ gSa] os ijek.kq 'kfDr cuus ds Hkhf[kykQ gSaA ;g ,d viDo] cpdkuk] ,drjQk vkSj 'kjkjriw.kZ izpkj gS% ge izR;sd ?kj dks ijek.kq fctyh ls txexkuk pkgrs gSaA ge ijek.kq'kfDr ls izR;sd [ksr vkSj QSDVjh esa fctyh igqapkuk pkgrs gSaA ysfdugekjh ljdkj ds fojksèkh bl jkLrs esa vkMs+ vk jgs gSaA**

eSa pkgrk Fkk fd ljdkj esa cSBs yksx ,sls >wB ij ugha mrjrsA ljdkj;g nkok djrh gS fd ijek.kq le>kSrk Hkkjr ds fy, ÅtkZ lqj{kk dhxkj.Vh nsrk gS ysfdu vesfjdh yksxksa us fdlh dks Hkh la'k; esa ugha NksM+kgS] tSlk eSaus vHkh dgk gS fd ;g le>kSrk Hkkjr ds LVªsVsftd dk;Zdzeij jksd yxkus okyk gS vkSj mlds ckn mls ihNs gVk nsxkA fiNys fnuksaesjh ijek.kq ÅtkZ {ks= ds dbZ fo'ks"kKksa ls ppkZ gqbZ FkhA mu yksxksa esa osHkh 'kkfey gSa tks ljdkj esa dk;Z dj jgs gSaA mUgksaus eq>s crk;k gS fd cgqrgh T;knk vk'kkoknh ifjn`"; esa] Hkkjr esa lexz fo|qr mRiknu esa ijek.kq

39 40

fctyh dk fgLlk 25 o"kksZa ds ckn Hkh orZeku 3 izfr'kr ls c<+dj 6&8izfr'kr ls vkxs gksus dh laHkkouk ugha gSA ijek.kq le>kSrs ds dkj.kvfrfjDr fctyh] gkykafd mi;ksxh gS] dk mruk egRo ugha gksxk fd ogns'k ds fodV fctyh ladV dks nwj dj ldsA ;fn ,slk gS rks dkaxzsl ikVhZorZeku lgh rF;ksa dks turk ds le{k izLrqr D;ksa ugha djrh\

okLro esa] ijek.kq 'kfDr dk ,drjQk izkstsD'ku lEiw.kZ fo|qr {ks= esa;w-ih-,- ljdkj ds vius gh vokaNuh; Vsªd fjdkMZ dks pqukSrh nsrk gSA ;w-ih-, ds lk>k U;wure dk;ZØe esa ^^5 o"kksZa dh vofèk esa lHkh ds fy,fctyh** dk ,d egRokdka{kh y{; fuèkkZfjr fd;k x;k FkkA bldk vFkZgS & lHkh 7-8 djksM+ fcuk fo|qr okys ?kjksa vkSj Hkkjr ds 6 yk[k xkaoksaesa ls 2]30]000 fcuk fctyh okys lHkh xkaoksa esa fctyh igqapkukA vfèkdizpkfjr Hkkjr fuekZ.k dk;ZØe esa cgqr gh de y{; j[kk x;k Fkk% ekpZ2009 ds var rd 100]000 xkaoksa vkSj 2-4 djksM+ xjhch dh js[kk ls uhpsclj djus okys ifjokjksa dk fo|qrhdj.k djukA

izèkkuea=h th] bl ckjs esa vkidh ljdkj dh lQyrk dh nj D;kjgh gS\ 1 tqykbZ] 2008 dks ljdkj ds 49]272 xkze iapk;rksa dks fctyhigqapkus ds nkos ds eqdkcys dsoy 30]450 xzke iapk;rksa esa gh lqfuf'prfctyh igqapkbZ xbZA izkIr gqbZ lQyrk dh ;g nj Hkkjr fuekZ.k ds fuEuy{;ksa ls dsoy 30 izfr'kr vfèkd gSA blds vykok] xjhch js[kk ls uhpsjgus okys ¼ch-ih-,y-½ ifjokjksa ds :i esa 2-4 djksM+ ifjokjksa ds ewy y{;esa ls dsoy 27 yk[k ifjokjksa dks gh fctyh igaqpkbZ xbZ FkhA blls irkpyrk gS fd lQyrk dh nj dsoy 11 izfr'kr gSA dqy feykdj] ;g vkevkneh dks fctyh igqapkus ds iz;kl esa ;w-ih-,- ljdkj ds ?kfV;k fjdkMZdks n'kkZrk gSA

vdeZ.;rk ds Vsªd fjdkMZ dks ns[krs gq,] ;w-ih-,- ljdkj mlh vkevkneh ds fy, fctyh le>kSrs ds :i esa ijek.kq le>kSrs ds lkFkfo'okl?kkr djus dk iz;Ru dj jgh gSAfo'okl er vdsys ijek.kq le>kSrs dks ysdj ugha gS

vè;{k egksn;] eq>s Li"V djuk gS fd ;g fo'okler flQZ ijek.kqle>kSrs dks ysdj ugha gSA gkykafd dksbZ Hkh fo'okl er ,d vdsys eqn~nsij ugha gksrkA ;g lnSo ljdkj ds laiw.kZ dkedkt dks ysdj gksrk gSAblfy, eSa pkgwaxk fd ;g lnu ;w-ih-,- ljdkj ds fiNys pkj o"kksZa ds lkjs

dkedkt ij viuk QSlyk nsA fdlh Hkh fu"i{k izs"kd ds fy, ;g Li"Vgksxk fd dkedkt ds iSekus ij bl ljdkj dks ,d fnu Hkh cus jgus dkvfèkdkj ugha gSA dkaxzsl us fiNys pqukoksa eas vke vkneh* ds uke ij oksVekaxs FksA fiNys pkj o"kksZa esa ;w-ih-,- ljdkj us vke vkneh* ds fy, D;kfd;k\ blus ns'k ds djksM+ksa lkèkkj.k ukxfjdksa ds fy,] lHkh vko';doLrqvksa vkSj lsokvksa dh vkdk'k Nwrh eagxkbZ dks jksd ikus esa vlQy jgusds dkj.k] thuk nwHkj dj fn;kA eqnzkLQhfr dh nj yxHkx 12 izfr'kr dksNw jgh gSA vfèkdka'k vFkZ'kkL=h eglwl djrs gSa fd ;g vkadMk vFkZO;oLFkkdh lgh rLohj ugha n'kkZrk vkSj vlyh eqnzkLQhfr dgha T;knk gSA

vke vkneh ds lanHkZ esa eqnzkLQhfr ds ljdkjh vkadM+s T;knk egRougha j[krsA og rks bruk tkurk gS fd mldk ifjokj T;knk iSlksa ls de[kjhn ikrk gS vkSj mlds ifjokj ds lkekU; ctV esa] eghus esa cM+s Nsngks jgs gSaA lHkh phtsa eagxh gks xbZ gSa & [kkn~; oLrq,a] ifjogu] f'k{kk]LokLF; ns[kHkkyA c<+rh eagxkbZ ls u dsoy xjhc vkSj xjhc gksrk tk jgkgS cfYd eè;eoxZ Hkh daxky curk tk jgk gSA ewY;o`f) ds ckjs esa cksyrsgq, eSa vki dks crkuk pkgrk gwa fd vke vkneh bl ij vk'p;Z izdV djjgk gS fd gekjs izèkkuea=h ds ikl bl leL;k ls fuiVus ds fy, le;gh ugha gS vkSj D;ksa mUgksaus flQZ ,d gh eqn~nk idM+ fy;k gS% ijek.kqle>kSrk\

vè;{k egksn;] u dsoy nke c<+s gSa cfYd C;kt nj Hkh c<+h gSA ,dlkèkkj.k eè;eoxZ ifjokj tks vkt edku [kjhnus ds fy, _.k ysrk gSrks mls ,uMh, ljdkj ds le; dh rqyuk esa nksxquh ekfld fd'r nsuhiM+rh gSAfctyh] lM+d] ikuh ds eqn~nksa dh iwjh rjg mis{kk

fiNys ctV esa foRr ea=h us dkQh èkweèkM+kds ds chp fdlkuksa dh_.k ekQh dh ?kks"k.kk dh FkhA ;g ckr vyx gS fd mUgksaus ctV esabldk i;kZIr izkoèkku ugha fd;k FkkA izèkkuea=hth] bl ?kks"k.kk ds cknlk<+s pkj eghus chr x,\ D;k vki crk ldrs gSa fd fdrus fdlkuksa dks_.k ekQh dk ykHk feyk gS\ eSa fiNys fnuksa fonHkZ esa ,d fo'kky fdlkujSyh dks lEcksfèkr djus x;k Fkk( eSa lnu dks crk ldrk gwa fd ogka ijeSaus lHkh ls&ftudks bldk ykHk gksuk Fkk vkSj mlls Hkh T;knk mufdlkuksa dks tks bl ;kstuk dh ifjfèk esa ugha vkrs & ls cgqr&lh

41 42

f'kdk;rsa lquus dks feyhA ns'kHkj esa fdlku blfy, uk[kq'k gS D;ksafd mUgsaèkku vkSj vU; Qlyksa ds fy, U;wure leFkZu ewY; izkIr ugha gqvk gStksfd lHkh d`f"k fuos'kksa ds ewY;ksa esa gqbZ o`f) ds vuq:i gksuk pkfg,A

d`f"k {ks=] tks 600 fefy;u Hkkjrh;ksa dks vkthfodk eqgS;k djkrk gS],d <kapkxr uqDlku mBk jgk gS&fodkl esa 1980 ds n'kd esa izfro"kZ 4-7 izfr'kr ds okf"kZd vkSlr ls 1990 ds n'kd ds nkSjku 3-1 izfr'kr vkSj2000 ds n'kd esa 2-2 izfr'kr dh eanh vkus lsA ge bl :[k esa ifjorZuyk, fcuk xzkeh.k xjhch dks dHkh Hkh dSls nwj dj ldrs gSa\ dbZ vè;;uksads vuqlkj] Hkkjr dh vktknh ds 60 o"kksZa ckn Hkh yxHkx 50 izfr'krxzkeh.k ifjokj vHkh Hkh lkgwdkjksa ij fuHkZj jgrs gSa D;ksa\ ljdkj ls esjkloky gS % D;k vkius d`f"k ladV dk lekèkku <wa<us ds fy, O;kid <axls fopkj fd;k gS\ ,sls izHkkoh <ax ls fd Hkkjr cM+h la[;k esa vkRegR;kdj jgs ladVxzLr fdlkuksa dk nq[knk;h rek'kk fQj dHkh u ns[k lds\D;k izèkkuea=h lnu dks crk;saxs fd fiNys pkj o"kksZa esa muds ljdkjhdk;Zdzeksa ds dkj.k fdruh vfrfjDr ,dM+ d`f"k Hkwfe flapkbZ ds varxZrykbZ xbZ\ ikuh miyCèk djkus esa ljdkj dk fjdkMZ mruk gh [kjkc gSftruk fctyh miyCèk djkus esa] ftldk eSaus vHkh mYys[k fd;k gSA

lM+d dk ekeyk yhft,! oktis;h ljdkj }kjk 'kq: dh xbZegRokdka{kh jk"Vªh; jktekxZ fodkl ifj;kstuk vusd egRoiw.kZ {ks=ksa esadNqvk xfr ls py jgh gSA izèkkuea=h xzke lM+d ;kstuk ds y{; iwjs ughafd, x, gSaA ljdkj yxHkx 8 izfr'kr vFkok 9 izfr'kr th-Mh-ih- dhckr djrh gSA vke vkneh dks bldk vFkZ gh ekywe ugha gSA yxHkx 100fefy;u Hkkjrh; ;qokvksa ds vxys n'kd esa Jecy esa 'kkfey gksus dkvuqeku yxk;k x;k gSA ;fn gekjk xzksFk iSVuZ d`f"k] NksVs rFkk e>kSysm|ksxksa vkSj vkSipkfjd {ks= dh mis{kk djrk gS] rks D;k os jkstxkj ikldsaxs\ eSaus vHkh gky esa vius ,d Hkk"k.k esa dgk gS fd vke vkneh rhozth-Mh-ih o`f) dh bu lc ckrksa ij rHkh izfrfdz;k O;Dr djsxk tc thdk vFkZ lq'kklu gks] Mh dk vFkZ lHkh ds fy, fodkl gks vkSj ih dk vFkZlHkh dh j{kk vFkok lqj{kk gksA bl rjg dh fo"ke o`f) ftls ;w-ih-,-ljdkj izksRlkfgr dj jgh gS bl rF; ls izdV gksrh gS fd vkSj dksbZO;fDr ugha cfYd Hkkjrh; fjtoZ cSad ds iwoZ xouZj Jh foey tkyku usdgk gS fd Hkkjr ds 20 lcls vfèkd èkuokuksa dh vk; 30 djksM+ lcls

xjhc Hkkjrh;ksa ls vfèkd gSA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgsa fd ns'k esa 20 dqcsj vkSj30 djksM+ lqnkek gSaA izèkkuea=h th ;g fLFkfr Lohdk;Z ugha gS vkSj u gh;g èkkj.kh; gSAoksV cSad dh [kkfrj jk"Vªh; lqj{kk dks tksf[ke esa Mkyk x;k

vè;{k egksn;] eSaus dgk fd ;g cgl ;w-ih-,- ljdkj dh lEiw.kZfoQyrk dks ysdj gSA fdlh Hkh ljdkj dk igyk dRrZO; gksrk gS&jk"Vªh; lqj{kk&ckg~; vkSj vkarfjd lqj{kk nksuksa dks cuk, j[kukA vkarfjdlqj{kk ds ekspsZ ij ;w-ih-,- ljdkj dh foQyrk ds ckjs esa dksbZ D;k dgs\ljdkj esa vkradokn vkSj uDlyokn ls yM+us dh ;ksX;rk esa u dsoy dehgS cfYd blds ikl bPNk'kfDr Hkh ugha gSA u rks dksbZ Qksdl gS] u ghLi"Vrk] u gh lekèkku vkSj u gh ;kstukA

fiNys pkj o"kksZa esa vkradoknh dkjZokbZ;ksa dh [kwuh Ük`[kayk fn[krhgS&eqEcbZ esa Ük[kaykc) foLQksV] ekysxkao esa foLQksV] gSnjkckn esa foLQksV]t;iqj esa foLQksVA v;ksè;k] okjk.klh] tEew vkSj caxykSj esa Hkh vkardoknhgeys gq, gSaA le>kSrk ,Dliszl ij Hkh vkradoknh geyk gqvkA vle esamxzoknh fgalk dh vufxur ?kVuk,a ?kV pqdh gS] ftuesa fgUnh Hkkf"k;ksa dksfu'kkuk cuk;k x;kA dqN fnu igys gh d'ehj esa gq, ck:nh lqjax dsfoLQksV esa nl toku ekjs x,A bl lnu dks ;g tkuus dk vfèkdkj gSfd vkradoknh fgalk ds fdrus ekeyksa dh iwjh rjg ls tkap dh xbZ gS]fdrus ekeyksa dks ijh{k.k ds Lrj rd yk;k x;k gS] fdrus ekeyksa esa nks'kfl) gqvk gS vkSj fdrus vkbZ-,l-vkbZ- ekWM;wYl dks u"V fd;k x;k gSvkSj fdrus ^Lyhij lSYl^^ dks èoLr fd;k x;k gS\ ljdkj esa tks yksxftEesnkj inksa ij cSBs gSa] bldk mRrj muds fy, 'keZ dh ckr gSA eSatkurk gwa fd ,d dBksj 'kCn dk iz;ksx dj jgk gwa ysfdu eSa lPpkbZ dgusds fy, etcwj gwaA

vè;{k egksn;] eq>s nq%[k ds lkFk dguk iM+ jgk gS fd ;w-ih-,-ljdkj esa oksV cSad dh [kkfrj vkradokfn;ksa ls yM+us dh bPNk'kfDr dhdeh gSA eSaus ;g ckr vusd ckj dbZ eapksa ij mBkbZ gS fd vkradokn dhfdlh èkeZ vFkok èkkfeZd leqnk; ls igpku ugha dh tkuh pkfg,A ,slkdjuk xyr gksxkA ysfdu D;k ,slh Hkzked èkkj.kk esa vkradokn ds fo:)ljdkj dh yM+kbZ dks detksj djuk Hkh xyr ugha gS fd blls leqnk;fo'ks"k foeq[k gks ldrk gS\ D;k ckaXykns'k ls cMs+ iSekus ij gks jgh ?kqliSB

43 44

dh vksj ls vka[ksa Qsj ysuk Hkh xyr ugha gS D;ksafd ,slk djus ls ,dleqnk; fo'ks"k ds oksVksa ij vlj iMs+xk\ vkbZ-,e-Mh-Vh- ,DV dks fujLrdjus ls ;w-ih-,- ljdkj ds badkj ls loksZPp U;k;ky; dks bls vlaoSèkkfudekurs gq, jn~n djus ij etcwj gksuk iM+kA loksZPp U;k;ky; us ,d vkSjdne c<+k;k vkSj ljdkj ls dgk fd og vle rFkk iM+kslh jkT;ksa esa^^ckg~; vkdze.k** dks jksdus ds fy, Bksl dne mBk;sA ;w-ih-,- ljdkjdh D;k izfrfdz;k Fkh\ blus mlh vkbZ-,e-Mh-Vh- ,DV dks fiNys njoktsls ykus dk iz;kl fd;kA bl pky dks Hkh loksZPp U;k;ky; }kjk ekrns nh xbZA vè;{k egksn;] D;k ,d ,slh ljdkj tks bruk tkucw>djjk"Vªh; fgrksa ds fo:) dk;Z dj jgh gS] mls lRrk esa cus jgus dk vfèkdkjgS\ ughaA esjh ikVhZ vYila[;dksa ds fo:) ugha gS] gkykafd ;gvYila[;dokn dh jktuhfr ftldk ;w-ih-,- ljdkj us bLrseky fd;kgS] dk iwjh rjg ls fojksèk djrh gS vkSj djrh jgsxh rFkk blls dksbZle>kSrk ugha djsxhAfgUnw fojksèkh lsD;qyfjT+e ¼iaFkfujis{kokn½ dks lgu ugha fd;k tk,xk

tc eSaus fiNys pkj lkyksa esa ihNs >kaddj ns[kk rks eq>s ;w-ih-,- dsdk;Z&fu"iknu dh ,d vkSj O;kdqy djus okyh ckr ns[kus esa vkbZA ,slkekuk tkus yxk gS fd ;fn vki lsD;qyj gS rks vki cgqla[;d leqnk;ds fo:) gSA ekuks cgqla[;d dh Hkkoukvksa vkSj vkdka{kkvksa dk dksbZegRo gh ugha gSA

eSa nks mnkgj.k nsrk gwaA ns'kHkj ds cgqr cM+h la[;k esa fgUnw laxBuksaus rfeyukMq esa lsrq leqUnze ifj;kstuk dks jksdus dh ekax dh gS D;ksafd,slk fo'okl gS fd jkelsrq dk fuekZ.k ml le; fd;k x;k Fkk tcHkxoku jke us okuj lsuk* ds lkFk yadk dh vksj dwp fd;k FkkA bl ekaxds ckjs esa ljdkj dh D;k izfrfdz;k jgh\ ljdkj }kjk loksZPp U;k;ky;ds le{k tks 'kiFk&i= nkf[ky fd;k x;k Fkk] mlesa ;g rdZ fn;k x;kFkk fd jke vkSj jkek;.k ds nwljs ik=ksa ds vfLrRo dks fl) djus dk dksbZizek.k ugha gSA blls lekt esa dkQh gaxkek ep x;k vkSj jk"VªO;kihvkUnksyu ds [krjksa ls ?kcjkdj ljdkj dks ml 'kiFk&i= dks okil ysusij etcwj gksuk iM+kA ysfdu bl 'kiFk&i= ls ljdkj dh lksp dk irkpy x;kA vusd fgUnqvksa us vk'p;Z fd;k fd ;fn ;w-ih-,- ljdkj ls ;giz'u iwNk x;k gksrk fd D;k fdlh vYila[;d leqnk; dh èkkfeZd

Hkkoukvksa ls ,slk f[kyokM+ fd;k tk ldrk gS\ ns'k us iaFkfujis{krk dhfgUnw&fojksèkh czkaM dk ,d vkSj Hkh vkfoHkkZo ns[kk gS tc vejukFk ;k=kij tkus okys ;kf=;ksa dh cqfu;knh lqfoèkkvksa dh O;oLFkk gsrq vLFkk;h<kapk cukus ds fy, 39-88 ,dM+ Hkwfe dk vkcaVu djus ds fy, tEew od'ehj ljdkj ds fu.kZ; ls gky gh esa d'ehj ?kkVh esa lqfu;ksftrfgalkRed fojksèk 'kq: gks x,A vè;{k egksn;] 15 fnuksa rd pys fojksèkizn'kZuksa ds nkSjku tks dqN ns[kus esa vk;k] og dkQh fpUrktud FkkA

bl fu.kZ; ds ihNs mn~ns';ksa ds ckjs esa LkHkh rjg dh Hkzkafr;ksa dks QSyusfn;k x;kA ;g dgk x;k Fkk fd ;g fu.kZ; d'ehj dh tulkaf[;dhlajpuk dks ifjofrZr djus dh lkft+'k dk ,d fgLlk gSA varr%dkaxzsl&ihMhih xBcaèku ljdkj dks vkanksyudkfj;ksa ds lkeus >qdukiM+k vkSj fu.kZ; dks okil ys fy;k x;kA

ekuuh; lnL;x.k bldk vFkZ yxk,a fd tEew o d'ehj esa D;kxqt+jkA vejukFk xqQ+k fgUnqvksa ds lcls ifo= èkkfeZd LFkyksa esa ls ,d gSAeSa bl lky ;k=k 'kq: gksus ds rqjar ckn vejukFk x;k FkkA ;k=k dhvofèk dsoy nks eghuksa dh gksrh gSA blfy, ;kf=;ksa ds fy, lqfoèkkvksadh O;oLFkk dsoy vLFkk;h Lo:Ik esa dh tk ldrh gSA tks Hkh O;fDr ;grhFkZ ;k=k djrk gS] og tkurk gS fd ;g rhFkZ ;k=k cgqr dfBu gSA D;kns'kHkj ls vkus okys rhFkZ ;k=h Jkbu ds ekxZ esa cqfu;knh lqfoèkk,a ikusds Hkh gdnkj ugha gSa\

vkSj bl gkfudkjd fu.kZ;&tks la;ksxo'k ,d ihMhih ea=h }kjkvuq'kaflr rFkk jkT; eaf=eaMy }kjk Lohdkj fd;k x;k Fkk&dks ,slsizLrqr fd;k x;k tSls fgUnw Hkkjr] eqfLye d'ehj ds f[kykQ "kM~;a= jpjgk gSA vc ;g loZfofnr gS fd bl izpkj ds ihNs vkbZ,lvkbZ vkSj vU;fons'kh 'kfDr;ka lfØ; FkhaA esjk izèkkuea=h vkSj dkaxzsl vè;{k ls ;g iz'ugS % mUgksaus pqi jguk D;ksa pquk\ D;ksa os fuf"Ø; cus jgs\ D;k fgUnqvksa dhHkkoukvksa vkSj t:jrksa ds izfr vlaosnu'khyrk gh vkidh lsD;qyfjT+e dhifjHkk"kk gS\ fe=ks] ;g lsD;qyfjT+e ugha] Nn~e&lsD;qyfjT+e gSA eSa ljdkjdks psrkuk pkgrk gwa fd bl rjg ls vlaosnu'khyrk rh[kh izfrfØ;kRedizHkko Mkyrh gSA esjk lqfuf'pr ekuuk gS fd lHkh leqnk;ksa ds rhFkZ dsanzksadh vPNh ns[kHkky gksuh pkfg,A cM+h la[;k esa yksx vtesj 'kjhQ+ tkrsgSaA jktLFkku esa Hkktik ljdkj muls dksbZ HksnHkko ugha djrhA os Hkh

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vPNh lqfoèkk,a ikus ds gdnkj gSa( oLrqr% fr:ifr esa miyCèk tSlhlqfoèkk,a lHkh rhFkZ LFkyksa ij miyCèk djkus dh vko';drk gSA gekjsgokbZ vM~Mksa ij gt ;kf=;ksa ds fy, vyx VfeZuy cus gSaA u dsoy Hkkjrls gt ;kf=;ksa dk dksVk c<+kus ds dkj.k vfirq lÅnh vjfc;k esa Hkhlqfoèkkvksa dks lqèkkjus ds fy, lHkh gkft;ksa }kjk oktis;h ljdkj dhiz'kalk dh tkrh jgh gSA

blfy, eSa lHkh nyksa ds lkalnksa ls vihy djrk gwa fd os tgka dghaHkh vU;k; gks mlds fo:) vkokt mBk,aA oksV cSad ds pyrs ge nksgjsekunaM u viuk,aA vkb,] ;g lnu ,der ;g fopkj izdV djs fdvejukFk ;kf=;ksa ds fy, Hkwfe okil ykSVkbZ tk, vkSj ;k=k lacaèkh ekeyksads izcaèku dh ftEesnkjh Jkbu cksMZ dks lkSaih tk,aAjktuSfrd mn~ns';ksa ds fy, nq:i;ksx fd;k x;k

;w-ih-,- ljdkj dh tkap&iM+rky rc rd iwjh ugha gksxh tc rdeSa lafnXèk O;fDrxr vkSj jktuSfrd mn~ns';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, yksdrkaf=dlaLFkkvksa ds lrr~ vkSj dzfed nq:i;ksx ds ckjs esa bl lnu dk è;kuvkd"V u d:aA ge lHkh tkurs gSa fd fdl rjg ls fofèk ea=ky;] fons'kea=ky; vkSj lhchvkbZ us feydj vksVsfo;ks Dok=ksph dks vtsZafVuk esafxjQ~rkj fd, tkus ds ckn Hkh cs&jksdVksd tkus fn;kA igys ljdkj usbl HkxksMs+ dks fons'kh cSad ls 20 djksM+ :i;s ys tkus fn,A

eSa pkgrk gwa fd izèkkuea=h jk"Vª dks crk,a fd mUgksaus laLFkkvksa ls ;gNsM+NkM+h D;ksa djus nh\ vkSj fdlds dgus ij\ vHkh gky gh esa geus ns[kkgS fd ljdkj ds vYier esa vkus ds ckn fdlh O;fDr dks cpkus ;k fdlhdks ijs'kku djus ds fy, fdl rjg ls lhchvkbZ dk nq:i;ksx fd;kx;kAljdkj cpkus ds fy, ?kfV;k rjhds dh [kjhn&Qjks[r ¼gklZ VsªfMax½

vè;{k egksn;] eSaus vius Hkk"k.k esa vusdkusd eqn~nksa dks mBk;k gStksfd vifjgk;Z Fks] vkSj Hkh eqn~ns gSa dbZ ftUgsa Hkktik vkSj ,uMh, esa esjslg;ksxh mBk,axsA eSa ;dhu gS fd clik] okeiaFkh vkSj vU; nyksa ds gekjsfe= Hkh ljdkj ds fo:) vius geys djsaxs ghA blfy, bl cgl lsljdkj dk cpuk eqf'dy gksxkA ljdkj tkurh gS fd og viusdk;Z&fu"iknu ds vkèkkj ij cp ugha ldrh gSA rks og cpus dh dksf'k'kD;ksa dj jgh gS\ ftl rjg ls lkalnksa dh [kjhn&Qjks[r ¼gklZ VªsfMax½ gks

jgh gS vkSj lkSnsckth dh tk jgh gS] mldh dYiuk ugha dh tk ldrhA,slk djus dk vFkZ gS fd blls u dsoy vkidh ikVhZ vkSj vkidh ljdkjdh gh cnukeh gqbZ gS cfYd blls Hkkjr ds yksdra= dh izfr"Bk Hkh èkwfeygqbZ gSA fiNys lkB lkyksa esa ubZ fnYyh dh jktuhfr esa ,slh xanxh dHkhHkh ugha ns[kh xbZA

izèkkuea=h dgrs gSa fd os ijek.kq iqutkZxj.k ;qx esa izos'k djuk pkgrsgSaA ysfdu ;g fdruk 'keZukd fojksèkkHkkl gS fd ,d ,slh ljdkj tks ;gnkok djrh gS fd og ijek.kq ikoj ;qx dk 'kqHkkjEHk djuk pkgrh gS] oghgklZ ikoj dh enn ysdj vius vki dks cpkus dh dksf'k'k dj jgh gSAtSlkfd yksx tkurs gSa fd&vkSj tSlh fd ehfM;k gj le; ckrsa dj jghgS&;g ljdkj ijek.kq lkSnk djus dk iz;kl dj jgh gS] ljdkj ds usrRovkSj dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds gkFkksa ij ntZuksa Hkz"V lkSns djus dk dyad yxk gqvkgSA bl izfØ;k esa ljdkj ds usr`Ro vkSj dkaxzsl ikVhZ us turk dh utjesa laln vkSj lkalnksa dks migkl dk ik= cuk fn;k gSA esjk vkjksi gS fd,slh vaèkdkje; fLFkfr iSnk djus ds fy, izèkkuea=h vkSj dkaxzsl vè;{keq[; :i ls nks'kh gaSA blls Hkfo"; esa yksdra= ds fy, vfu"VlwpdvzM+pusa iSnk gksxhaA ,slh vuSfrd jktuhfr Hkkoh ihf<+;ksa ds fy, fdlrjg dh ijEijk ihNs NksM+ jgh gS\ ge vius ;qokvksa] tks Hkkjr dks 'kh?kz,d fodflr jk"Vª ds :i esa mHkjrk gqvk ns[kuk pkgrs gSa] ds fy, fdlrjg dh yksdrkaf=d laLFkkvksa dks olh;r esa ns jgs gSa\

eSa ,slk dkQh nq[k ds lkFk dg jgk gwa D;ksafd eSaus 1952 esa igys vkepqukoksa ls gh Hkkjrh; yksdra= ds dze&fodkl dks ns[kk gSA vkt gekjsyksdra= dks èku'kfDr ds bLrseky vkSj laLFkkvksa ds nq:i;ksx ds :i esageys fd, x, gSaA blls Hkh T;knk n%q[k eq>s rc gksrk gS tc esjh gh ikVhZdk dksbZ lnL; izyksHku ls eksfgr gksdj ikVhZ NksM+ nsA

izèkkuea=h th] vkius bl lnu dk lnL; cuus ds fy, dHkh Hkh dksbZpquko ugha thrk gS vkSj blfy, vkidks ernkrkvksa dk lkeuk ugha djukiM+rk gS vkSj u gh muds iz'uksa dk tokc nsuk iM+rk gSA ysfdu eSaizèkkuea=h vkSj dkaxzsl vè;{k dks lpsr djuk pkgwaxk% ^vkius lnL;ksa dhla[;k c<+kus ds fy, cgqr gh vR;fèkd vuSfrd vkSj xyr rjhdkviuk;k gSA fdlds fy,\ dsoy vkSj lkS fnuksa rd lRrk esa cus jgus dsfy,\ blds ihNs ,slh D;k ckr gS\ vkidh ljdkj fo'okl er gkfly

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djrh gS ;k ugha] bldk irk dy gh pysxkA ysfdu eSa igys gh ;gHkfo";ok.kh dj ldrk gwa fd tc dHkh pquko gksaxs vkSj vkidjksM+ksa ernkrkvksa dk fo'okl gkfly djus ds fy, muds ikltk,axs rks vkidks lcd fl[kk;k tk,xkA**

esjh lHkh ekuuh; lnL;ksa ls vihy gS % ^;g ljdkj bl lnu dkfo'okl er ikus ds ;ksX; gS ;k ugha&bldk fu.kZ; blds dkedkt dsvkèkkj ij gksxk] tksfd vlQyrkvksa vkSj fo'okl?kkrksa ls Hkjk gSA vkb,]ge dy 'kke dh cgl dh lekfIr ij oksVksa dh fxurh esa] jk"Vª ds fgrksals izsfjr gksdj viuk lgh QSlyk djsaA ;fn ,slk gksxk rks blesa eq>s dksbZlansg ugha fd vafre urhtk D;k gksxkA ;fn ,slk gksrk gS rks dy blljdkj dk vafre fnu gksxk] tksfd fiNys pkj o"kksZa ls vius dq'kklu]fo'ks"k :i ls dqN lIrkgksa esa vius ikiksa ds dkj.k vi;'k ds vkoj.k esafyiVh gqbZ gS] dk [kkRek gksxkA bu 'kCnksa ds lkFk eSa izLrko dk fojksèkdjrk gwaA

dkaxzsl ¼vkbZ½ ugha]dkaxzsl ¼vkbZ½ ugha]dkaxzsl ¼vkbZ½ ugha]dkaxzsl ¼vkbZ½ ugha]dkaxzsl ¼vkbZ½ ugha]dkaxzsl ¼,½ % 'kkguokt+ gqlSudkaxzsl ¼,½ % 'kkguokt+ gqlSudkaxzsl ¼,½ % 'kkguokt+ gqlSudkaxzsl ¼,½ % 'kkguokt+ gqlSudkaxzsl ¼,½ % 'kkguokt+ gqlSu

vè;{k egksn;] eSa fd'kuxat dh cxy esa caxky esa flyhxqM+h dh rjQx;k Fkk] rc eSaus ns[kk Fkk fd dkaxzsl ikVÊ vkSj dE;qfuLV ikVÊ vkil esapquko yM+ jgs FksA jksM ds bl ikj esjh lhV Fkh] ge ykyw th ds mEehnokjls yM+ jgs Fks vkSj cxy esa dkaxzsl ikVÊ ds mEehnokj Jh fç;jatu nk yM+jgs FksA nksuksa dk Hkk"k.k ,d nwljs ds f[kykQ gksrk Fkk rks pquko ds cknljdkj cukus ds fy, tks vkidk fj'rk gqvk] ogh vuSfrd Fkk] D;ksafdvki ,d nwljs ds f[kykQ yM+s Fks] ysfdu gekjs Mj ls nksuksa fey x;s FksA;s tks feys Fks] flQZ chtsih u vk tk;s] blfy, feys Fks] D;ksafd] budsdbZ usrkvksa dks jkr esa Hkh chtsih ds uke ls uÈn ugÈ vkrh gSA mudks yxk

fd dgÈ ch-ts-ih- u vk tk;s] blfy, ;g fj'rk gqvkA ftl fnu ;gfj'rk gqvk Fkk] ml fnu fudkg ls igys gh rykd dh MsV r; FkhA ;girk Fkk fd pquko esa vkidks ,d&nwljs ds f[kykQ yM+uk gh gSA

ge ;g pkgrs Fks fd ns'k esa ppkZ egaxkbZ ij gks] ge ;g pkgrs Fks fdfdlkuksa dh vkRegR;k dh ppkZ gks] ge ;g pkgrs Fks fd csjkstxkjh dhppkZ gksA ;gka cM+h&cM+h LdhEl vk;h FkÈA eSa ukStoku gwa] blfy, eq>sukStokuksa ds jkstxkj dh fpark gksrh gSA ujsxk Ldhe vk;h Fkh ftls gekjsfcgkj ds usrk j?kqoa'k ckcw ysdj vk, FksA ml le; cM+h mEehn tkxhFkh] ysfdu mu lkjh ;kstukvksa dks vkt ¶yki ;kstukvksa ds vykok vkSjdqN ugÈ dgk tk ldrkA ge rks dE;qfuLV fe=ksa ls dgrs Fks fd vkibuds f[kykQ yM+dj vk, gSa] ;s vki ij Hkjkslk djus okys ugÈ gSaA ;svkidks ;wt djsaxs vkSj ckn esa dSlh&dSlh ckrsa djsaxs] D;ksafd ;g dkaxzsldh vknr gSA fcgkj esa ,d dgkor gS fd ehBk&ehBk xi&xi vkSjrh[kk&rh[kk Fkw&FkwA tc vki budh enn dj jgs Fks] rc clq nknkvkidks ns[kdj eqLdjkrs Fks] lyhe lkgc dks ns[kdj eqLdjkrs Fks] xq:nklth dks ns[kdj eqLdjkrs FksA bUgksaus pkj lky nks eghus buds cy ij etkfd;k vkSj vkt ftl rjg ds 'kCnck.k vkius mu ij pyk;s gSa] vki dgjgs gSa fd dE;qfuLV vkSj chtsih fey x,A gekjh fopkjèkkjk vyx gSAge dHkh Hkh dE;qfuLV ikVÊ ls fey ugÈ ldrsA vkius budks ;wt fd;kvkSj vkt vki buds Åij chtsih ds lkFk feyus dk bYtke Hkh yxk jgsgSaA

egksn;] U;wfDy;j Mhy ij gekjs lkFkh dg jgs Fks fd U;wfDy;j Mhyij vkb,A os dkQh rS;kjh ls vk, gSa] ysfdu gekjs usrk yky d`".kvkMok.kh th ds Hkk"k.k ds ckn vxj dksbZ Hkk"k.k u Hkh gksrk] rks Hkh dksbZtokc ugÈ FkkA vxj os cgqr vPNs ls vPNk Hkh cksysa] rks Hkh vki [kjkcdgsaxs vkSj vkidk usrk [kjkc ls [kjkc cksys rks Hkh vki DySfiax djsaxs];g rks vkidk èkeZ gSA vè;{k egksn;] U;wfDy;j Mhy ij cgqr cM+h&cM+hckrsa dgh x;ÈA vkuan 'kekZ th us xkaèkh th dk uke ,d ckj Hkh ugÈfy;k] ysfdu vesfjdal dk uke nl&ckjg ckj t:j ys fy;kA bUgksausvius Hkk"k.k esa 22 ckj vesfjdk cksyk vkSj ftl fdrkc dk mi;ksx fd;k]og fdlh dkaxzsl ds fo}ku dh fy[kh gq;h fdrkc ugÈ yh] cfYd budksvesfjdu jkbVj dh fdrkc ij gh Hkjkslk gSA vktdy dkaxzsl vkbZ ugÈ]

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dkaxzsl , gks x;h gSA ;g dkaxzsl vesfjdk dh rjg ckr djrh gSAegksn;] U;wfDy;j Mhy ds ckjs esa bUgksaus dgk fd ge yksxksa us lc

ckrsa dg nÈA tloar flag th ckr djds vk, FksA ge vkidks tks ckrdg jgs Fks] ge fNidj le>kSrk ugÈ djrs gSaA ujflag jko th ds tekusesa MCY;wVhvks esa fcuk fdlh ppkZ ds] lŸkk] foi{k dh ckr fd, fcuk vkiogka tkdj flxuspj dj vk, FksA oSlk dke ge ugÈ djrsA

tc Mhy dh ckr Fkh] rc çèkku ea=h th tkiku x, FksA ç.kc nklnu ds usrk gSa] eSa lnu dk lnL; gwa] mUgksaus dgk Fkk fd laln dksfoÜokl esa fy, fcuk dksbZ le>kSrk ugÈ gksxkA ysfdu irk yxk fd vkèkhjkr ds vanj ;g Mhy dSls gks xbZA

vè;{k egksn;] 8 tqykbZ vkSj 9 tqykbZ dks vkbZ,bZ, ds elkSns dk tksisij Fkk] mls lkoZtfud dj fn;k x;kA og isij u ;wih, us vius ,yht+dks fn[kk;k] u bUgksaus laln dks fn[kk;k] u foi{k dks fn[kk;k vkSj irkyxk fd bUgksaus jkr ds vaèksjs esa ns'k ds lkFk èkks[kk fd;k gSA vè;{kegksn;] bl ij cgqr ppkZ gks xbZ fd Hkkjr ds lkFk vki cgqr cM+h HkykbZdj jgs gSaA ,slk eSlst fn;k tk jgk gS fd lu~ 2050 esa ;k 2030 esa tcHkkjr dh ubZ ih<+h vk,xh rc og eueksgu flag th dks ;kn djsxh fdbUgksaus jks'kuh nhA U;wfDy;j ,utÊ ls fctyh dk flQZ ikap çfr'krmRiknu gksxk vkSj vki bruk cM+k [okc fn[kk jgs gSaA eq>s le> esa ugÈvkrk fd ;s viuh ljdkj dks] ns'k dks bl ckr ij nkao ij D;ksa yxkusij rqys gq, gSaA bUgksaus Hkkjr dks uku&U;wfDy;j daVªh ds nk;js esa ykdj[kM+k fd;kA bl VªhVh ls] bl ,xzheSaV ls Hkkjr uku&U;wfDy;j dSVsxjhesa vk tk,xk] ml ij ;s viuh ihB FkiFkik jgs gSaA eSa vkidks dgukpkgrk gwa fd ;g le>kSrk fgUnqLrku dks mtkys dh rjQ ugÈ cfYd vaèksjsdh rjQ ys tk,xkA vki dg jgs Fks fd bl ij dksbZ jktuhfr ugÈ gksjgh gS] bl ij dksbZ fl;klr ugÈ dj jgs gSa] vki ns'k ds fy, dqckZu gksjgs gSa] cgqr cM+k dke dj jgs gSaA ikfyZ;keSaV esa vkus ls igys c;ku ns jgsgSa fd ge ns'k ds fy, dqckZu gks tk,axsA

vè;{k egksn;] bl ij vyx&vyx jktuhfr gks jgh gSA ;g ljdkjvYier esa gS vkSj vYier esa gksus ds ckn bl ljdkj us vc le>kSrkfd;kA ftl fnu ;wih, ljdkj uSfrdrk dh ckr djrh gS] ge çèkku ea=hth dh bTTkr djrs gSa] ge mudk èkU;okn djrs gSa fd mUgksaus xq: xksfoan

flag th dk uke fy;kA ge fcgkj ds jgus okys gSa vkSj gesa xoZ gS fd xq:xksfoan flag th fcgkj ds FksA bl otg ls ge iwjh ftEesnkjh ls dg ldrsgSa fd xq: th us dHkh ns'k ds lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk ugÈ fd;kA vxj xq:th dk uke fy;k rks ns'k ds lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk ugÈ gksuk pkfg,] ns'kds lkFk dksbZ foÜokl?kkr ugÈ gksuk pkfg,A tks ,Veh Mhy gS] ;g blns'k ds lkFk foÜokl?kkr gSA vkus okyh ih<+h vkidks dHkh ekQ ugÈdjsxhA dE;qfuLV ikVÊ ds lkFkh tks fojksèk dj jgs gSa] os lgh gSaA vktrks jktuhfr gks jgh gSA bl ns'k esa rks vknr gSA lcls igys eSaus iaèks lkgcdk c;ku ns[kk fd ;g Mhy eqfLye fojksèkh gSA vè;{k egksn;] ftllekt ls eSa vkrk gwa] mlds uke ij cM+s yksx usrkfxjh djrs gSaA tksusrkfxjh djus okys yksx gSa] mUgksaus rjg&rjg ds c;ku fn;sA vc iaèkslkgc dk c;ku vk;k vkSj og okil gks x;k] og ,d vyx fo"k; gSAysfdu vktdy eSa ns[k jgk gwa fd tc ;g Mhy gks jgh gS] rks mldk Hkhlkaçnkf;dhdj.k fd;k tk jgk gSA bl ij vyx&vyx c;ku fn;s tkjgs gSaA dqN c;ku foi{k esa fnyk;s tk jgs gSaA mŸkj çns'k esa cguth fnykjgh gSa fd ;g fojksèkh gSA dqN c;ku i{k esa fnyk;s tk jgs gSa fd ;g MhyeqfLye fojksèkh ugÈ gSAvc lektoknh ikVÊ ds tks fe= gSa] os buds lkFkFksA gekjs buls Hkh cM+s vPNs lacaèk gSaA dHkh ,d tekuk Fkk tc nkoresa buds gkFk ls IysV Nhu yh x;h FkhA gesa Hkh ;g vPNk ugÈ yxkAvè;{k egksn;] dgÈ nkor feys vkSj cqykok u Hkh gks] fdlh dkaxzsl dsfe= ds ;gka pys tk;sa] rks FkksM+h cgqr bTTkr dqyhx ds ukrs rks gesafeysxhA ysfdu gesa ;g ilan ugÈ FkkA vc D;k ckr gqbZ] og jke xksikyth us crk;h gksxhA ,d 'kk;j us dgk fd dqN rks etcwfj;ka gqbZa gksaxha ];wa gh dksbZ csoQk ugÈ gksrkA*

vè;{k th] eSaus tc dgk fd dqN rks etcwfj;ka jgh gksaxh] ;wa gh dksbZcsoQk ugÈ gksrkA irk ugÈ mŸkj çns'k esa vki ij D;k fnôr vk jgh gS\vki D;ksa muds lkFk tk jgs gSa\ ftruk vieku vkidh ikVÊ dk dkaxzslus fd;k] ge yksx ej tkrs] ysfdu dHkh ml njokts ij ugÈ tkrsA

vè;{k egksn;] vkt dkaxzsl ikVÊ us ftudk lgkjk fy;k gS mudksvkSj ftudks NksM+k gS] mudh la[;k rks baVsDV gSA tks Hkh la[;k gks] mUgksausjk"Vªifr Hkou esa tks la[;k nh gks] ysfdu ftudk bUgksaus lgkjk fy;k gS]ftl rjg ,d 'kk;j us dgk fd bl dæ cngokl gks x;s vkafèk;ksa esa

51 52

yksx] tks isM+ [kks[kys Fks] mUgÈ ls fyiV x;sA buds ;gka rks [kqn gh la[;kde gks jgh gS] [kqn vius lkalnksa dks cpkrs fQj jgs gSaA vkt mUgÈ dslgkjs ;s ,uMh, dh vkaèkh esa muls fyiV x,A ;g ijlsI'ku cu x;k gSvkSj bl ijlsI'ku esa xqV fujis{k jktuhfr dh otg ls dkaxzsl e'kgwj FkhAysfdu vkt ;g ijlsI'ku cu x;k gSA o"kZ 1989 esa eSa ;gka i<+rk Fkk fdvesfjdk dk bjkd ls >xM+k FkkA ml >xM+s esa cM+s&cM+s iksLVlZ yxk, x,FksA ^nksLrh ds nks gh uke] jktho xkaèkh vkSj líke^ ;g ukjk ml tekusesa yxk Fkk tc bjkd dh tax 'kq: gqbZ Fkh vkSj mlh ljdkj ds tekusesa líke gqlSu Qkalh ij yVdk fn, x, vkSj bl ljdkj dh vksj ls dqNugÈ gqvkA blh ljdkj ds tekus esa fganqLrku dh vdfy;r ds yksxlksprs Fks fd ;s yksx xqV fujis{k Fks] ;s yksx ges'kk bZjku vkSj xYQ dhjktuhfr djrs Fks] bu yksxksa dks D;k gks x;k\ vkt tc bZjku ds f[kykQiwjh nqfu;k esa lkft'k gks jgh gS vkSj ;g ljdkj ftl rjg ls vesfjdkls etcwrh ls nksLrh dj jgh gS] mlls vYila[;dksa ds eu esa ?kcjkgViSnk gqbZ gSA eSa bl Mhy ds ckjs esa dguk pkgrk gwa fd bldk ijlsI'ku[kjkc gSA vxj ijlsI'ku [kjkc ugÈ gksrk] rks l-ik- ds lkFk eqlyekuksadk oksV cM+h rknkn esa jgk gS] eSa bls ekurk gwa] ysfdu [krjk ljdkj ijeaMjk jgk gS] ml [krjs dk ,glkl vkidks Hkh gS blhfy, 16 lky dsckn vkidks tkek efLtn dh lhf<+;ka p<+dj beke lkgc ls feyus tkukiM+kA eqfLye oksV tkus dh ng'kr esa buds usrk dks tkek efLtn tkdjbeke cq[kkjh ds njokts dks [kV[kVkuk iM+kA bruh Hkh D;k etcwjh bUgsavk iM+h] ;g lc le> ldrs gSaA

eSa bl U;wfDy;j Mhy dks fgUnw& eqlyeku esa ugÈ ckaVuk pkgrkA eSa;g dguk pkgrk gwa fd bl ns'k ds vanj tc Hkh ;s yksx detksj gksrsgSa] rc ,d gh ckr dgrs gSa fd ge lkaçnkf;d rkdrksa dks vyx j[kusds fy, ,d lkFk gq, gSaA tc vyx gksrs gSa] rc bUgsa eqfLye ;kn ugÈvkrsA bl Mhy dks eSa fgUnw ;k eqfLye ds i{k ;k fojksèk esa ugÈ ns[kukpkgrkA ;g Mhy u rks eqlyekuksa ds i{k esa gS vkSj u gh fgUnqvksa ds] ;gMhy rks fgUnqLrku ds fojksèk esa gS blfy, ;g Mhy fgUnqvksa vkSj eqlyekuksads Hkh fojksèk esa gSA vkt ,d ,sfrgkfld fnu gSA bfrgkl bl ckr dks;kn j[ksxkA vxj eSa vkt ugÈ cksywaxk rks bfrgkl eq>s ekQ ugÈ djsxkA;g ljdkj vesfjdk ds lkFk le>kSrk djds vesfjdh xqykeh dcwy dj

jgh gSA tks gky dkaxzsl ikVÊ dk ujflag jko th ds dk;Zdky esa gqvk Fkk]mlls Hkh [kjkc gky vc gksus tk jgk gSA bUgksaus gekjs usrk ij vkjksiyxk;k fd ge yksxksa us vkradokfn;ksa dks NksM+ fn;k] rks D;k mu 150funkZs"k yksxksa dh tku vkids gokys dj nsrsA geus vius ns'k ds ,d Hkhukxfjd dks ejus nsus dk dke ugÈ fd;k vkSj mudh tku dh dher ijnks Vds ds vkradokfn;ksa dks gesa NksM+uk iM+kA bUgksaus dgk fd geus muvkradokfn;ksa dks NksM+ fn;k] ysfdu ,d ckr vkuUn 'kekZ th fQj Hkwyx,] eSa mUgsa FkksM+k ;kn fnyk nwa fd vki rks vkradokn ds f[kykQ dHkhetcwrh ls yM+s gh ugÈA

Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa og igyh ?kVuk Fkh] tc d'ehj ds pjkjs 'kjhQesa vkius vkradoknh eLrxqy dks fcj;kuh f[kykbZ FkhA fgUnqLrku dhjktuhfr esa igyh ckj pjkjs 'kjhQ esa eLrxqy dks vkius lsQ iSlst fn;kFkkA bUgksaus gh mls lsQ iSlst fn;k FkkA vkt tks vkjtsMh ds lkalnksaus dgk fd iwjh fctyh yk jgs gSaA fcgkj esa 15 lky esa ,d cYc rks tykugÈ ik,] ykyVsu ls dke pykrs jgsA eSa vkf[kj esa ;gh dguk pkgrk gwafd & nfj;k gks [kkeks'k rks er le> fd jokuh ugÈ gS] ge gSa vius QtZls etcwj] er le> fd tks'ks tokuh ugÈ gSA*

[kjhn&Qjks[r dj t?kU; vijkèk fd;k[kjhn&Qjks[r dj t?kU; vijkèk fd;k[kjhn&Qjks[r dj t?kU; vijkèk fd;k[kjhn&Qjks[r dj t?kU; vijkèk fd;k[kjhn&Qjks[r dj t?kU; vijkèk fd;klaizx ljdkj us % çks- fot; dqekj eYgks=klaizx ljdkj us % çks- fot; dqekj eYgks=klaizx ljdkj us % çks- fot; dqekj eYgks=klaizx ljdkj us % çks- fot; dqekj eYgks=klaizx ljdkj us % çks- fot; dqekj eYgks=k

dkaxzsl dk pkj o"kZ dk 'kklu dky turk fojksèkh] turk ds lkFkfoÜokl?kkr djus okyk vkSj lcls fudEek jgk gSA ijUrq lcls cM+kvijkèk] lcls cM+k iki tks ;wih, us fd;k gS] og ;g gS fd viuhvYier ljdkj dks lŸkk esa ykus ds fy, ftl rjg [kjhn&Qjks[r dhxbZ] ftl rjg ls èkefd;ka nh xbZ] ftl rjhds ls ea=ky; ckaVs x,]foÜokl er çkIr djus ds fy, tks lke&nke&naM&Hksn dk ç;ksx gqvkgS] og e`xr`".kk iSnk djus okyk gS] t?kU; gSA dksbZ vke vkneh

53 54

[kjhn&Qjks[r djrk] dqN vkSj djrk] 25 djksM+] 30 djksM+ vkSj lkS djksM+#i, dh ckr gksrh rks ,d ckr FkhA mlds ckn ek;korh ds ihNslhchvkbZ dks yxk dj lhchvkbZ dk nq#i;ksx dgka rd fd;k x;k] ;gvkids lkeus gSA vius vkidks lsD;qyj dgus okys vkSj çèkkuea=h th dkslsD;qyj crkus okys iatkc esa D;k fd;k x;k\ iatkc dkaxzsl dh vè;{kkdg jgh gSa & Honour Turban Vote for Prime Minister- çkbe fefuLVjdh VcZu ds uke ij oksV ekaxs tkrs gSaA çèkkuea=h fdlh ,d etgc dkgS] çèkkuea=h ogka tk dj bl ckr ij oksV ekaxsaxs\

vè;{k egksn;] U;wfDyvj Mhy ij bruh ckrsa dgh tk pqdh gSa] eSamlesa dqN cgqr T;knk vkSj ,M ugÈ djuk pkgrk ijarq ,d xks;cYl dhrjg ls yxkrkj xyrc;kuh dh tk jgh gS] ,d Hkze QSyk;k tk jgk gSfd bèkj Mhy gqbZ vkSj mèkj lcds ;gka cYo yx x;s vkSj 24 ?kaVs fctyhtyrh jgsxhA dksbZ bl ckr dks crkus dks rS;kj ugÈ gS fd vxj vktle>kSrk gksrk gS rks 20&25 lky ds ckn nl yk[k djksM+ #i;k [kpZdjds fctyh bruh vk,xh ftruh dqy feykdj fgUnqLrku dh tks ekaxgS] ml ekax dk dqy ikap çfr'kr fctyh ;gka iSnk gksxhA 95 çfr'krfctyh fQj Hkh vyx iSnk gksxh vkSj 10&20 yk[k djksM+ #i;k [kpZdjds ;gka ij fctyh vkuh gS vkSj vkt mldk çpkj fd;k tk jgk gSfd vkidk vaèksjk nwj gks tk,xk] vkids ;gka fctyh vk tk,xhA blhfy,eSa dguk pkgrk gwa fd ;gka ij U;wfDyvj Mhy gksus ls tks ns'kh] fons'kh]U;wfDyvj ykWch gSa] tks ;wjsfu;e lIykbZ djus okyh daifu;ka gSa] U;wfDyvjikWoj IykaV dk Bsdk ysus okyh ns'kh daifu;ka tks gSa] ;fn vxys pkyhlo"kks± rd 20 yk[k djksM+ ds ykHk okyk O;olk; feyus dh xkjaVh mUgsagks rks ;g vfr ykHk okyk vkSj Hkkjr dks U;wfDyvj xqyke cukus okyk èkaèkkgS vkSj blfy, muds leFkZd nyksa ds eSustj vkSj os m|ksxifr ;fnfoÜokl er çkIr djus ds fy, ;gka [kpkZ dj nsa rks mlesa dkSu lk vkÜp;ZgS\

eSa bl ckr dks Hkh vkids lkeus j[kuk pkgrk gwa fd ;gka cgqr ckjdgk x;k vkSj ç.ko th us Hkh cgqr ckj dgk vkSj gekjs çèkku ea=h thus Hkh ;g dgk fd gekjs Åij gkbM ,DV ykxw ugÈ gksrkA os ;g dgrsgSa fd 123 ,DV gh ykxw gksrk gS vkSj gekjs Åij dksbZ çfrcUèk gh ugÈgS fd vxj ge ijh{k.k djuk pkgsa ijarq ftl fnu ;g ckr dgrs gSa] vxys

fnu gh vesfjdk ls dksaMyk jkbl gks ;k dksbZ gks] os bldk [kaMu djrsgSaA

os dgrs gSa% The moment you do the test, the Deal is over. vxjnks ikfVZ;ksa esa le>kSrk gksrk gS] nks nyksa esa vkSj nks ns'kksa esa djkj gksrk gSrks mldk ,DlIysus'ku rks ,d gksuk pkfg,A nksuksa dk ;gka Li"Vhdj.krks ,d gksuk pkfg,A ;g rks ugÈ gks ldrk fd nksuksa esa ls dkSu lp dgjgk gS] dkSu xyr ckr dg jgk gS] vesfjdk ds ftrus ogka ds dkaxzsleSugSa] muesa lkQ rkSj ij ;g dgk tk jgk gS fd ,d ckj gekjs lkFk ;glafèk gks tk,] mlds ckn lhVhchVh] ,uihVh] bl ij vius vki ghgLrk{kj gks tk,axs vkSj vius vki gh ;gka ij gekjs gkFk esa vk tk,xkAbl ckr dk Hkh ;gka ij ftØ fd;k x;k fd pkbuk fdrus yxk jgk gSAnqfu;k esa fdrus ns'k gSa ftuds ;gka ,VkWfed ikWoj IykaV yxk;s tk jgs Fks]os muds lkFk gSaA buesa baXySaM] Ýkal] ;w-ds- bR;kfn ns'k gSa vkSj bUgksausvius ;gka ,VkWfed ,utÊ iSnk djus ds IykaV yxkus can D;ksa dj fn;s gSaAmuds ;gka 15 lky ls dksbZ ,VkWfed IykaV ugÈ yxs gSa vkSj og blfy,fd mudks yxrk gS fd ,VkWfed ,utÊ dh ctk, gesa lksyj ,utÊ vkSjfoaM ,utÊ dh rjQ tkuk pkfg, vkSj ;gka Fkksfj;e esa ls tks gekjs ;gkaij gks ldrk Fkk] mlds fglkc ls bls djus dh t:jr FkhA gekjs ns'kesa Fkksfj;e dk HkaMkj ipkl çfr'kr ls T;knk gSA

Sir, The US, Canada, Germany, France and Japan all seem to

be reviewing their nuclear energy programmes and commissioning

of new nuclear power plants in all these countries has almost come

to a stand-still. The biggest supplier of Uranium in the world is yet

to initiate a nuclear power programme. vkLVªsfy;k ds ikl lclsT;knk gSA og vius ;gka ij bls D;ksa ugÈ yxkrk\ mldks cspuk gS] gesamldk [kjhnkj cukuk gS] gesa ml dpjs dks ;gka ij ykdj nsuk gS vkSjmlds ckn dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gS vkSj ;gka crk;k tk jgk gS fd mldkD;k ykHk gksxk\ 30&35 lky ds ckn 5 çfr'kr mlesa ls dqy fctyh gesafeysxh vkSj vius ;gka ukWFkZ bZLV esa Ms<+ yk[k esxkokWV fctyh iSnk djusdh {kerk gS] mldks ;gka ij geus gkbMªks bySfDVªflVh ;k ;gka ij FkeZyikWoj çkIr djus dk dksbZ ç;kl ugÈ fd;k tk jgk gSA blfy, eSa dgukpkgrk gwa Do not rush IAEA Pact. experts advised the Government.

gekjs lkjs U;wfDyj ,DliVlZ us ckj&ckj ljdkj dks bl ckr dh psrkouh

nh gS] blfy, ;gka ij ;g ckr vkbZ gS ijarq mlds ckn D;ksafd ;gU;wfDyvj Mhy ij gh ;gka QSlyk ugÈ gksus okyk gSA cM+s vkadM+s fn;s x;sgSa fd pkj lky esa geus ns'k esa D;k dj fn;kA 4 lky esa geus ns'k dksbruk [kq'kgky cuk fn;k vkSj bl rjg ls ;s ckrsa dgh tk jgh gSaA ysfdu4 lky ls ;g ljdkj xyr c;kuh djrh vk jgh gSA vc buds vijkèkbuds lj ij p<+dj cksy jgs gSa] lcls cM+k vijkèk vkdk'k dks Nwrh gqbZdhersa] djksM+ksa yksxksa dh dej rksM+rh gqbZ egaxkbZ] xjhc vkneh dh Fkkyhesa ls igys ls vkèkk Hkkstu gks tk, vkSj mls fnu esa Hkw[kk jguk iM+s] ;gkaij gkyr ,slh iSnk gks xbZA

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Æü´Ö וÖÃÖê ¾ÖÖµÖã ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ÛúÆüŸÖê Æïü, ؾ֛ü ‹®Ö•Öá ÛúÆüŸÖê Æïü, ¾ÖÆü ³Öß Æü´ÖÖ¸êü¤êü¿Ö ´Öë ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ²Ö›Íüß ´ÖÖ¡ÖÖ ´Öë ˆ¯Ö»Ö²¬Ö Æîü †Öî¸ü •ÖÆüÖÓ ŸÖÛú ´Öê¸üß †¯Ö®Öß•ÖÖ®ÖÛúÖ¸üß Æîü, ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ÃÖê ÛúÆüà •µÖÖ¤üÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¤êü¿Ö ´Öë 18•Öã»ÖÖ‡Ô, 2005 ÛúÖê ˆ¯Ö»Ö²¬Ö £Öß †Öî¸ü ²ÖÆãüŸÖ †“”ûß ´ÖÖ¡ÖÖ ´Öë ˆ¯Ö»Ö²¬Ö £Öß,‡ÃÖ×»Ö‹ ˆÃÖ´Öë ÛúÖê‡Ô Ûúךü®ÖÖ‡Ô ®ÖÆüà Æîü… †ŸÖ: Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ‰ú¯Ö¸ü µÖÆü •ÖÖê ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ£ÖÖê¯ÖÖ •ÖÖ ¸üÆüÖ Æîü ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¯ÖÖÃÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ Ûúß Ûú´Öß Æîü †Öî¸ü Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¯ÖÖÃÖ ‡ÃÖÛêú†»ÖÖ¾ÖÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ÛúÖ †Öî¸ü ÛúÖê‡Ô ÄÖÖêŸÖ ®ÖÆüà Æîü, ´Öï µÖÆü ²ÖÖŸÖ ´ÖÖ®Ö®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹ŸÖîµÖÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà ÆæÓü †Öî¸ü ¿ÖÖµÖ¤ü ¤êü¿Ö ÛúÖ ÛúÖê‡Ô ³Öß ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ü¾ÖÖ®Ö ¾µÖ׌ŸÖ, •ÖÖê ¤êü¿ÖÛúß ³ÖÖîÝÖÖê×»ÖÛú ¯Ö׸ü×ãÖןֵÖÖë ÃÖê, µÖÆüÖÓ Ûúß ÃÖ³Öß †Ö¾Ö¿µÖÛúŸÖÖ†Öë ÃÖê, µÖÆüÖÓ Ûú߯ÖÖ®Öß Ûúß õÖ´ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖê, µÖÆüÖÓ Ûúß ÃÖÖî¸ü ‰ú•ÖÖÔ Ûúß õÖ´ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖê †Öî¸ü ‡ÃÖÛêú †»ÖÖ¾ÖÖ•ÖÖê µÖÆüÖÓ Ûúß ²ÖÖµÖÖê ‹®Ö•Öá Æîü, ˆÃÖÛúß õÖ´ÖŸÖÖ ÃÖê ¯Ö׸ü×“ÖŸÖ Æïü, ¾ÖÆü ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖÛúÖê Ûú³Öß Ã¾ÖßÛúÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà Ûú¸êüÝÖÖ ×Ûú ×ÃÖ±Ôú ‡ŸÖ®Öß ÜÖ“Öá»Öß ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ,וÖÃÖÛêú ÃÖÖ£Ö †®µÖ ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ÃÖß ÃÖ´ÖõÖÖ‹Ó •Öã›Íüß ÆüÖêŸÖß ÆîüÓ, •ÖîÃÖÖ µÖÆüÖÓ ²ÖŸÖÖµÖÖ

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ÆüÖÓ, Æü´Öë ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ Ûúß •Öºþ¸üŸÖ Æîü †Öî¸ü Ûú‡Ô ²ÖÖ¸ü µÖÆü ÛúÆüÖ •ÖÖŸÖÖ¸üÆüÖ Æîü ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¯ÖÖÃÖ ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ÛúÖê ˆŸ¯Ö®®Ö Ûú¸ü®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹ †Öî¸ü†¯Ö®Öê ÙÒîü™êüוÖÛú ÛúÖµÖÔÛÎú´ÖÖë Ûêú ×»Ö‹, µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö Ûúß ²ÖÆãüŸÖ Ûú´Öß £Öß †Öî¸ü ×±ú¸üÆü´Ö®Öê ˆÃÖÛúß ¯ÖæÙŸÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹ †Ö¾ÖÖ•ÖÌ »ÖÝÖÖ‡Ô †Öî¸ü ˆÃÖÛúß ¯ÖæÙŸÖ Ûú¸ü®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹†´Ö¸üßÛúÖ ®Öê ÛúÆüÖ ×Ûú †´ÖãÛú ¿ÖŸÖí ´ÖÖ®ÖÖê, ‡ÃÖ ŸÖ¸üÆü ÃÖê ÛúÖ´Ö Ûú¸üÖê †Öî¸ü Æü´Ö®ÖꈮÖÛúÖê ´ÖÖ®Ö ×»ÖµÖÖ †Öî¸ü ×±ú¸ü ˆÃÖß ´Öë ÃÖê µÖÆü ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ ×®ÖÛú»ÖÖ…

´Öê¸êü ÃÖÖ´Ö®Öê ¾ÖîóÖÖ×®ÖÛúÖë ÛúÖ ‹Ûú ²ÖµÖÖ®Ö Æîü, וÖÃÖ´Öë ˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê ÛúÆüÖ Æîü, Atthe very outset, it should be understood that India hassufficient supplies of natural uranium to meet immediaterequirements until the third phase of thorium cycle hasbeen commercialised, when India would have attainedcomplete self-sufficiency over all aspects of nuclear en-ergy production. With uranium mining activities, in India,proceeding at a snail’s pace, we have come to a pointwhere immediate imports were required mainly to keepthe two Tarapore plants running past 2007.

²Öã×®ÖµÖÖ¤üß ²ÖÖŸÖ µÖÆü Æîü ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¤êü¿Ö ´Öë µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö Æîü… µÖÆüÖÓ ´Öï ®Ö ŸÖÖê×ÛúÃÖß ×¾Ö¤êü¿Öß ÛúÖê ÛúÖê™ü Ûú¸ü ¸üÆüÖ ÆæÓü †Öî¸ü ®Ö Æüß ×ÛúÃÖß †ÓŸÖ¸ü¸üÖ™ÒüßµÖ ‹•ÖëÃÖßÛúß ×¸ü¯ÖÖê™Ôü ¤êü ¸üÆüÖ ÆæÓü, µÖÆü Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ˆ®Ö ¾ÖîóÖÖ×®ÖÛúÖë ÛúÖ Ûú£Ö®Ö Æî, •ÖÖê ‡ÃÖ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ÃÖê, ®µÖæ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü ‹®Ö•Öá ÃÖê, ®µÖæ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü ¯ÖÏÖêÝÖÏÖ´Ö ÃÖê •Öã›Íêü ¸üÆêüÆïü… ´Öï ³Öß ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ ÛúÖê •ÖÖ®ÖŸÖÖ ÆæÓü ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¤êü¿Ö ´Öë µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö Ûêú ¯ÖÏ“Öã¸ü³ÖÓ›üÖ¸ü Æïü, †Ö®¬ÖÐ ¯ÖϤêü¿Ö ´Öë Æïü, ôÖÖ¸üÜÖÓ›ü ´Öë Æïü, ˆ›ÍüßÃÖÖ ´Öë Æîü, ´Öê‘ÖÖ»ÖµÖ ´Öë

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´Öï®Öê ÛúÆüÖ ×Ûú †Ö¯ÖÛúÖ Æîü, ÃÖÖ¸êü ¤êü¿Ö ÛúÖ Æîü… ×±ú¸ü ²ÖÖê»Öê, -®ÖÆüà-®ÖÆüà, Æü´Ö‡ÃÖÛúÖê ®ÖÆüà »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê ¤ëüÝÖê… ´Öï®Öê ÛúÆüÖ ×Ûú †Ö¯Ö ‡ÃÖÃÖê µÖÆüÖÓ ŒµÖÖ Ûú¸üÖêÝÖê? ¾Öê²ÖÖê»Öê ×Ûú Æü´Ö Ûãú”û ³Öß Ûú¸ëü, »Öê×Ûú®Ö Æü´Ö ‡ÃÖÛúÖê µÖÆüÖÓ ÃÖê ®ÖÆüà »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê ¤ëüÝÖê…¾ÖÆüÖÓ ²ÖÝÖ»Ö ÃÖê ÛúÖêµÖ»ÖÖ •ÖÖ ¸üÆüÖ £ÖÖ… Æü´Ö®Öê ÛúÆüÖ ×Ûú ÛúÖêµÖ»ÖÖ ŒµÖÖë »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê¤êü ¸üÆüÖê ÆüÖê? µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö ®ÖÆüà »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê ¤ëüÝÖê, ÛúÖêµÖ»ÖÖ »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê ¤ëüÝÖê… ‡ÃÖÛúÖ´ÖŸÖ»Ö²Ö Æîü ×Ûú ‹Ûú ×®Ö׿“ÖŸÖ ˆ§êü¿µÖ ÃÖê ¾ÖÆüÖÓ †ÖÓ¤üÖê»Ö®Ö ×Ûú‹ •ÖÖ ¸üÆêü £Öê ×ÛúµÖÆüÖÓ ÃÖê µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö ®ÖÆüà »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê ¤ëüÝÖê… †ÖÓ¬ÖÐ ÃÖê µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö ®ÖÆüà »Öê •ÖÖ®Öê¤ëüÝÖê… ÛúÆüà ¯Ö¸ü ‹ŒÃÖ¯»ÖÖê¸êü¿Ö®Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ ÆüÖê ŸÖÖê ‹ŒÃÖ¯»ÖÖê¸êü¿Ö®Ö ®ÖÆüà Ûú¸ü®Öê ¤ëüÝÖê,ŒµÖÖë×Ûú ¾ÖÆü ™ÒüÖ‡²Ö»Ö Ûúß •Ö´Öß®Ö Æîü ÛîúÃÖê ‘ÖãÃÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü… ´Öï µÖÆü ¯Öæ”û®ÖÖ“ÖÖÆüŸÖÖ ÆæÓü ×Ûú ŒµÖÖ ¤êü¿Ö Ûúß ÃÖã¸üõÖÖ †Öî¸ü ¤êü¿Ö ÛúÖ Ã™Òêü™êüוÖÛú ¯ÖÏÖêÝÖÏÖ´Ö ‡®Ö²ÖÖŸÖÖë ´Öë ˆ»ÖôÖÖ ¸üÆêüÝÖÖ? †³Öß ŸÖÛú ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ Ûúß •ÖÖ®ÖÛúÖ¸üß ŒµÖÖë ®ÖÆüà »Öß ÝÖ‡Ô×Ûú µÖÆü †ÖÓ¤üÖê»Ö®Ö ŒµÖÖë ÆüÖê ¸üÆüê Æïü †Öî¸ü ‡®Ö †ÖÓ¤üÖê»Ö®ÖÖë Ûêú ¯Öß”êû ÛúÖî®Ö ŸÖÖÛúŸÖëÆïü? ´ÖãôÖê Ûú³Öß-Ûú³Öß ÃÖÓ¤üêÆü ÆüÖêŸÖÖ Æîü ×Ûú ¾Öê ŸÖÖÛúŸÖë •ÖÖê ×Æü®¤ãüßÖÖ®Ö Ûúê®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ÛúÖµÖÔÛÎú´Ö ÛúÖê, ®µÖæ׌»Ö†¸ü ¯ÖÏÖêÝÖÏÖ´Ö ÛúÖê, ÙÒêü™êüוÖÛú ¯ÖÏÖêÝÖÏÖ´Ö ÛúÖêÃÖ±ú»Ö ®ÖÆüà ÆüÖê®Öê ¤êü®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆüŸÖßÓ †Öî¸ü Æü´Öë ®µÖ挻Ö߆¸ü ´ÖÖ´Ö»ÖÖë ´Öë, ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ´ÖÖ´Ö»ÖÖë ´Öë †ÖŸ´Ö-×®Ö³ÖÔ¸ü ®ÖÆüà ÆüÖê®Öê ¤êü®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆüŸÖß, ÛúÆüà ¾Öê ŸÖÖÛúŸÖë ŸÖÖê ‡ÃÖÛú߯Öß”êû ®ÖÆüà Æïü? ÛúÆüà ¾Öê µÖÆü ŸÖÖê ®ÖÆüà “ÖÖÆüŸÖà ×Ûú ‹Ûú ¤ü±úÖ Æü´ÖÛúÖê µÖÆüÖÓ ¯Ö¸ü®µÖæ׌»Ö†¸ü ´Öî™üß׸üµÖ»Ö ´Öë †³ÖÖ¾Ö ¯Öî¤üÖ ÆüÖê, ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ “Öß•Öë -Æü´Ö †¯Ö®ÖÖµÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö ´ÖÖ‡®Ö ®ÖÆüà Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛëú, ˆÃÖÛúÖê ÜÖÖê¤ü ®Ö ÃÖÛëú †Öî¸ü ×±ú¸ü Æü´Ö ˆÃÖÛúÖê¤ãü×®ÖµÖÖ ÃÖê ´ÖÓÝÖÖ‹Ó? ŒµÖÖë×Ûú ´Öï ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ ÛúÖê Ûú‡Ô ŸÖ¸üÆü ÃÖê ÃÖÖê“ÖŸÖÖ ÆæÓü… †Ö•Ö´ÖãôÖê †ÜÖ²ÖÖ¸ü ´Öë ¤êüÜÖÛú¸ü ²Ö›ÍüÖ †“”ûÖ »ÖÝÖÖ ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ´ÖÖ®Ö®ÖßµÖ ¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö´ÖÓ¡Öß

•Öß Joseph Stiglitz Ûêú ÃÖÖ£Ö ²Öîšêü Æãü‹ £Öê †Öî¸ü ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ¿Öᯙ ¤êü¿ÖÖë Ûú߆£ÖÔ¾µÖ¾ÖãÖÖ ¯Ö¸ü •ÖÖê ×¾ÖÛú×ÃÖŸÖ ¤êü¿Ö Æïü ˆ®ÖÛúÖ ÛîúÃÖÖ ¯ÖϳÖÖ¾Ö ¯Ö›üÍ ¸üÆüÖ Æîü µÖÖˆ®ÖÛúß ŒµÖÖ ¸üÖ•Ö®Öß×ŸÖ Æîü… ‘The politics of WTO.’ ‡ÃÖ ¯Ö¸ü ˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê³ÖÖÂÖÞÖ ×ÛúµÖÖ… ÃÖÆüß ²ÖÖŸÖ Æîü… †ÝÖ¸ü †Ö¯Ö ÝÖÖî¸ü ÃÖê ¤êüÜÖë ŸÖÖê ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹¯ÖæÓ•Öß Ûúß •Öºþ¸üŸÖ Æîü, ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ™êüŒ®ÖÖò»ÖÖê•Öß, ¸üÖò-´Öê™üß׸üµÖ»Ö †Öî¸ü‹®Ö•Öá Ûúß •Öºþ¸üŸÖ Æîü… †ÝÖ¸ü †Ö¯Ö ‡ÃÖ ¯Ö¸ü ¬µÖÖ®Ö ¤ëü, ¤êü¿Ö ÛúÖê †ÖŸ´Ö-¸üõÖÖ Ûêú×»Ö‹ †®ÖÖ•Ö Ûúß •Öºþ¸üŸÖ Æîü, ŸÖÖê ´Öï ¤êüÜÖŸÖÖ ÆæÓü ×Ûú there is a politics ofWTO. There is a politics of food. There is a politics ofenergy and there is a politics of technology. ¯Öê™ëü™ü ÛúÖ®Öæ®Ö,They impinge upon the politics of technology.

µÖÆü •ÖÖê ÃÖÖ¸üß ¾µÖ¾ÖãÖÖ‹Ó ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ †Öî¸ü †ÖòµÖ»Ö Ûúß •ÖÖê ¯ÖÖò×»Ö×™üŒÃÖ Æîü¾ÖÆü ‹®Ö•Öá ¯ÖÖò×»Ö×™üŒÃÖ Æîü… †®ÖÖ•Ö Ûêú ´ÖÖ´Ö»Öê ´Öë ´ÖãôÖê ÛúÆü®Öê Ûúß ‡•ÖÖ•ÖŸÖ¤üßו֋, ‡ÃÖ ÃÖ¸üÛúÖ¸ü ®Öê •ÖÖê ¤æüÃÖ¸üÖ ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ ×ÛúµÖÖ Æîü †³Öß ‡ÃÖß ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖê Ûêú ÃÖÖ£Ö-ÃÖÖ£Ö, וÖÃÖÛúß “Ö“ÖÖÔ ‡ÃÖ ÃÖ¤ü®Ö ´Öë ®ÖÆüà Æãü‡Ô, •ÖÖê ×ÛúˆŸÖ®Öß Æüß •Öºþ¸üß Æîü, ¾ÖÆü †Ö¯ÖÛêú ÃÖîÛÓú›ü ÝÖÏß®Ö ×¸ü¾ÖÖ껵Öæ¿Ö®Ö Ûúß Æî, that is,food politics. ´Öê¸êü ¯ÖÖÃÖ Ûãú”û ׸üÛúÖ›ËüÃÖÔ Æïü וÖÃÖ´Öë †´Öê׸üÛúÖ Ûúß ±úÖò¸êü®ÖÃÖêÛÎêú™ü¸üß ®Öê ÛúÆüÖ £ÖÖ Food is our instrument and it is a verypowerful instrument to bargain. ‡ÃÖÛúÖ ´ÖŸÖ»Ö²Ö µÖÆü Æîü ×Ûú †®ÖÖ•ÖÛúß ‹Ûú ¯ÖÖò×»Ö×™üŒÃÖ Æîü ×Ûú †®ÖÖ•Ö Ûêú †Ö¬ÖÖ¸ü ¯Ö¸ü, †®ÖÖ•Ö ÛúÖê »ÖêÛú¸ü Ûêú Æü´Ö¤æüÃÖ¸üê ¤êü¿ÖÖë ÛúÖê ¤ü²ÖÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü… ‹®Ö•ÖßÔ ‹Ûú ¯ÖÖò×»Ö×™üŒÃÖ Æîü וÖÃÖÛêú †Ö¬ÖÖ¸ü¯Ö¸ü Æü´Ö ¤üæÃÖ¸êü ¤êü¿ÖÖë ÛúÖê ¤ü²ÖÖ ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü, ²ÖÖ¸üÝÖêØ®ÖÝÖ Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü… ‹®Ö•ÖáÛúÖ †³ÖÖ¾Ö ¯Öî¤üÖ Ûú¸üÖê, †®ÖÖ•Ö ÛúÖ †³ÖÖ¾Ö ¯Öî¤üÖ Ûú¸üÖê, ¯ÖæÓ•Öß ÛúÖ †³ÖÖ¾Ö ¯Öî¤üÖÛú¸üÖê, ™êüŒ®ÖÖò»ÖÖê•Öß †Ö®Öê ´ÖŸÖ ¤üÖê †Öî¸ü ×±ú¸ü ˆ®Ö ¤êü¿ÖÖë ÛúÖê †¯Ö®Öê Ûú²•Öê ´Öë¸üÜÖÖê, ×¾ÖÛú×ÃÖŸÖ ¤êü¿ÖÖë Ûúß •ÖÖê ‹Ûú ´ÖÖ®Ö×ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü ˆÃÖÛúÖê Æü´Ö ÃÖ´ÖôÖ »Öë… ‡ÃÖ×ÆüÃÖÖ²Ö ÃÖê †Ö¯Ö •Ö¸üÖ ‡ÃÖ ÃÖÖ¸êü ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖê Ûúß ¯Öéšü³Öæ×´Ö †Öî¸ü †Ö•ÖŸÖÛú ›ü¾Ö»Ö¯Ö´Öë™ü ¯Ö¸ü ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ü Ûú¸ëü… ´Öï †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê ×®Ö¾Öê¤ü®Ö Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆüŸÖÖ ÆæÓü, ´Öï¤üÖêÆü¸üÖ‰ÓúÝÖÖ ®ÖÆüà ŒµÖÖë×Ûú ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ÃÖß ²ÖÖŸÖë ×¾ÖßÖÖ¸ü ´Öë ÛúÆüß ÝÖ‡Ô Æïü, »Öê×Ûú®ÖÃÖÖ¸ü ºþ¯Ö ´Öë ´Öï µÖÆü ÛúÆüŸÖÖ ÆæÓ ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ÃÖÖ´Ö®Öê µÖÆü •ÖÖê ÆüÖ‡›ü ‹Œ™ü †ÖµÖÖÆîü, »Öê×Ûú®Ö ®ÖÖ´Ö ŸÖÖê ÆüÖ‡›ü ‹Œ™ü Æîü But, it hides many things andreveals very few things. µÖÆü †¯Ö®Öê †Ó¤ü¸ü ²ÖÆãüŸÖ “Öß•ÖëÍ ×”û¯ÖÖ‹ Æãü‹ Æîü…´ÖÝÖ¸ü •ÖÖê Ûãú”û †Ö¯Ö ‡ÃÖÛúÖê ¤êüÜÖë ÃÖÖ¸ü ºþ¯Ö ´Öë ‡ÃÖ´Öë Ûãú” ²ÖÖŸÖë ˆ³Ö¸üŸÖß Æïü…

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¯ÖÆü»Öß ²ÖÖŸÖ ŸÖÖê µÖÆü Æîü ×Ûú It seeks to neither fully nor irreversiblylift civil nuclear sanctions against India. •ÖÖê ²ÖÖŸÖ ÛúÆüß •ÖÖŸÖß Æîü²ÖÖ¸ü-²ÖÖ¸ü ¾ÖÆü ‡ÃÖ´Öë ÃÖê ×®ÖÛú»Ö ®ÖÆüà ¸üÆüß Æîü… ‡ÃÖÛêú ¯ÖÏÖê×¾Ö•ÖÓÃÖ, ‡ÃÖÛúß ¬ÖÖ¸üÖ‹ÓÆü´ÖÖ¸üß ‰ú¯Ö¸ü ÃÖê ÃÖÖÓÃÖ ¯Öæ¸êü ŸÖÖî¸ü ¯Ö¸ü ³Öß ®ÖÆüà ˆšüÖŸÖê †Öî¸ü ¾ÖîÃÖê ³Öß ®ÖÆüàˆšüÖŸÖê… It provides no guarantee of uninterrupted fuel sup-ply over the lifetime of imported reactors. †Öî¸ü µÖÆü Æü´ÖÖ¸üß®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ Ã¾ÖÖµÖ¢ÖÖ ÛúÖê, ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ Ã¾ÖŸÖÓ¡ÖŸÖÖ ÛúÖê ‹Ûú ŸÖ¸üÆü ÃÖê ¯ÖÏןֲÖÓ׬֟ÖÛú¸üŸÖÖ Æîü, •ÖÖê ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ×¤ü®Ö ¹ýÛú •ÖÖ‹ÝÖÖ… ×±ú¸ü †Ö¯ÖÛúÖ µÖÆü ÃÖÖ¸üÖ‡Ó¾ÖêÙü´Öë™ü “ÖÖ¸ü »ÖÖÜÖ Æü•ÖÖ¸ü Ûú¸üÖê›Íü ÛúÖ, ¤üÖê »ÖÖÜÖ Æü•ÖÖ¸ü Ûú¸üÖê›Íü ÛúÖ, ŸÖÖê†Ö¯ÖÛúß ÃÖÖ¸üß •ÖÖê ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûúß ×•ÖŸÖ®Öß ³Öß µÖÖê•Ö®ÖÖ‹Ó Æïü šü¯¯Ö ÆüÖê •ÖÖ‹ÓÝÖß… ŸÖÖê‡ÃÖ´Öë Ûãú”û ÝÖÖ¸Óü™üß ®ÖÆüà Æîü… It denies India an unfettered right toeither reprocess U.S.-origin fuel discharged by reactors orto ship it to the U.S. for disposal. ÛúÖê‡Ô ‡ÃÖÛúß ¾µÖ¾ÖãÖÖ ®ÖÆüà Æîü†Öî¸ü †ÖÝÖê ³Öß •ÖÖê ‡ÃÖ´Öë ÃÖê ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ¾ÖêÙü ×®ÖÛú»ÖêÝÖÖ, ‡ÃÖÛúÖê †Ö¯Ö ¾ÖÖׯÖÃÖ®ÖÆüà ³Öê•Ö ÃÖÛëúÝÖê, ‡ÃÖÛúÖê †Ö¯Ö ÛúÆüÖÓ ×›üïÖÖê•Ö-†Öò±ú Ûú¸ëüÝÖê, µÖÆü †Ö¯ÖÛúÖêÃÖÖê“Ö®ÖÖ ¯Ö›ÍêüÝÖÖ? It debars India’s exit from the arrangements,but allows the U.S. to terminate all cooperation if NewDelhi fails to abide by the listed good-behaviour condition-alities. †“”êû ²Ö““Öê Ûúß ŸÖ¸üÆü Æü´Ö ¾µÖ¾ÖÆüÖ¸ü Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü, †ÝÖ¸ü µÖÆü Æü´Ö®Öê®ÖÆüà פüÜÖÖµÖÖ ŸÖÖê ¾Öê ŸÖÖê›Íü ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü… It decrees U.S. end-useverification in India, in addition to inspections by the Vienna-based International Atomic Energy Agency.

†´Öê׸üÛúÖ Ûúß •ÖÖê ‹•ÖëÃÖß Æîü, ¾ÖÆü ³Öß Æü´ÖÖ¸üÖ ×®Ö¸üßõÖÞÖ Ûú¸êüÝÖß… ´ÖÖ®Ö®ÖßµÖ¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö´ÖÓ¡Öß •Öß ®Öê ÛúÆüÖ £ÖÖ ×Ûú there is no reason for the Americanscientists or the American agents to roam about it, but µÖÆüŸÖÖê ÃÖ߬Öê-ÃÖ߬Öê ˆ®ÖÛúÖê ‡•ÖÖ•ÖŸÖ ¤êüŸÖÖ Æîü ×Ûú ¾Öê †Ö‹Ó, “ÖŒÛú¸ü »ÖÝÖÖ‹Ó †Öî¸üÝÖÖî¸ü ÃÖê ¤êüÜÖŸÖê ¸üÆëü ×Ûú Æü´Ö ŒµÖÖ Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü… ‡ÃÖ´Öëü ÃÖÓ¤êüÆü ¯Öî¤üÖ ÆüÖêŸÖÖ Æîü×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸üß •ÖÖê ™êüŒ®ÖÖ»ÖÖò•Öß Æîü, וÖÃÖ´Öë †´Öê׸üÛúÖ ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ¯Öß”êû Æîü, ŒµÖÖë×Ûúˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê 1970 ÃÖê †Ö•Ö ŸÖÛú ‹Ûú ³Öß ×¸ü‹Œ™ü¸ü ®ÖÆüà ²Ö®ÖÖµÖÖ Æîü… £ÖÖê׸üµÖ´Ö™êüŒ®ÖÖ»ÖÖ•Öß Ûúß ²ÖÖŸÖ ŸÖÖê ”ûÖê›Íü ¤üßו֋, •ÖÖê µÖæ¸êü×®ÖµÖ´Ö Ûúß ‹›ü¾ÖÖÓÛü ™êüŒ®ÖÖ»ÖÖ•ÖßÆîü, וÖÃÖÛúß ²ÖÖŸÖ ÛúÆüß •ÖÖŸÖß Æîü, ˆÃÖ´Öë †´Öê׸üÛúÖ ®Öê 1970 ÃÖê †²Ö ŸÖÛú ÛúÖê‡Ô

׸ü‹Œ™ü¸ü ®ÖÆüà ²Ö®ÖÖµÖÖ Æîü… It not only formalizes India’s status asa non-nuclear-weapons State, but it also mandates thatNew Delhi signs with the IAEA a highly intrusive AdditionalProtocol of the type applicable to non-nuclear nations.Æü´ÖÛúÖê ²ÖÖ¸ü-²ÖÖ¸ü µÖÆü ÛúÆüÖ ÝÖµÖÖ ×Ûú ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ¾ÖÂÖÔ ÛúÖ Ã™êü™üÃÖ ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ²ÖœÍêüÝÖÖ… ¿Öãºþ´Öë ŸÖÖê µÖÆü ÛúÆüÖ ÝÖµÖÖ £ÖÖ ×Ûú µÖÆü ײֻÛãú»Ö ®µÖæ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü ¾Öî¯Ö®ÃÖ Ã™êü™ü ÆüÖêÝÖß…×±ú¸ü ²ÖÖ¤ü ´Öë ¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö ´ÖÓ¡Öß •Öß ®Öê ˆÃÖ´Öë ÃÖÓ¿ÖÖê¬Ö®Ö ×ÛúµÖÖ †Öî¸ü ÛúÆüÖ ×Ûú ®ÖÆüànon-nuclearü Ûúß ²ÖÖŸÖ ŸÖÖê ®ÖÆüà Æîü, »Öê×Ûú®Ö ‹Ûú ‹›ü¾ÖÖÓÛü ®µÖæ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü™êüŒ®ÖÖ»ÖÖ•Öß ¾ÖÖ»ÖÖ ¤êü¿Ö µÖÆü Æîü †Öî¸ü µÖÆü ‡ÃÖÛúÖ Ã™êü™üÃÖ ÆüÖêÝÖÖ, ¾ÖÆü ³Öß ‡ÃÖÛêú†Ó¤ü¸ü ®ÖÆüà Æîü… ŒµÖÖë×Ûú ¾Öê •ÖÖê ¿ÖŸÖì »ÖÝÖÖ ¸üÆêü Æïü, ¾Öê ®ÖÖò®Ö ®µÖã ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü ¾Öî¯Ö®ÃÖÙêü™ü Ûêú ×»Ö‹ Æïü, ¾Öê ®µÖæ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü ™êüŒ®ÖÖ»ÖÖ•Öß ´Öë ‹›ü¾ÖÖÓÛü ¤æüÃÖ¸üÖë Ûêú ×»Ö‹®ÖÆüà Æîü… It seeks to compel New Delhi to unilaterally adhereto US-led cartels formed without UN sanction that con-tinue to exclude and target India the Nuclear SuppliersGroup, Missile Technology Control Regime, Australia Groupand Wassenaar Arrangement. In addition, the Act seeksIndia’s ‘full participation” in the controversial US-promotedProliferation Security Initiative (PSI). Well, the Act, perpetu-ally, hangs the sword of Damocles of waiver or terminationover India’s head.

¾ÖÆü Ûú³Öß ³Öß ‡ÃÖÛúÖê Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖê Æïü… †Ö¯Ö ˆ®ÖÛêú ÃÖÖ´Ö®Öê ×ÛúÃÖß ³Öß ²ÖÆüÖ®ÖêÃÖê ®ÖŸÖ´ÖßÖÛú ÆüÖë, ÛúÖê‡Ô ²ÖÖŸÖ ×®ÖÛúÖ»Ö®ÖÖ, ˆ®ÖÛêú ×»Ö‹ ²ÖÆãüŸÖ †ÖÃÖÖ®Ö Æîü… וÖÃÖ‡¸üÖÛú ´Öë Ûãú”û ®ÖÆüà £ÖÖ, ˆ®ÖÛúÖê ¾ÖÆüÖÓ ÛúÖê‡Ô ®µÖæ׌»ÖµÖ¸ü ¾Öî¯Ö®Ö ®ÖÆüà ×´Ö»ÖÖ, ¾ÖÆüÖÓ‡ŸÖ®ÖÖ ÆÓüÝÖÖ´ÖÖ Ûú¸ü פüµÖÖ, ŸÖÖê ×±ú¸ü µÖÆüÖÓ ³Öß ÆüÖê ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü… ³ÖÝÖ¾ÖÖ®Ö ®Ö Ûú¸êü×Ûú ‡ÃÖ ŸÖ¸üÆü Ûúß ÛúÖê‡Ô ¯ÖÖê×•Ö¿Ö®Ö †Ö‹… It aims to bring India forciblythrough the backdoor into a pact rejected by the USSenate the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). Itseeks both to build pressure on India to halt all fissile-material production and continually shine a spotlight onthe Indian nuclear-weapons programme. It widens andtoughens a stipulation that India actively and fully assist

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US efforts to discipline and isolate Iran and also to followpolicies congruent to the policy of the United States.

†²Ö µÖÆü •ÖÖê ×ãÖ×ŸÖ Æîü, µÖê ÃÖÖ¸üß •ÖÖê ²ÖÖŸÖë Æïü, ´ÖÖ®Ö®ÖßµÖ ¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö´ÖÓ¡Öß •Öß®Öê ‡ÃÖ ÃÖ¤ü®Ö Ûêú ´ÖÖ±ÔúŸÖ ‹Ûú ²ÖÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà, ¤üÖê ²ÖÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà, ŸÖß®Ö-ŸÖß®Ö ²ÖÖ¸ü †Öî¸üÃÖ¤ü®Ö Ûêú ²ÖÖÆü¸ü ³Öß, ²ÖÖ¸ü-²ÖÖ¸ü ˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê †ÖÀ¾ÖÃŸÖ ×ÛúµÖÖ Æîü ×Ûú µÖê ÃÖ²Ö ²ÖÖŸÖë®ÖÆüà ÆüÖëÝÖß… »Öê×Ûú®Ö µÖÆü ÃÖ²Ö •ÖÖê Hyde Actü Æîü, ˆÃÖÛêú ¯Ö׸üÞÖÖ´Ö Æïü, ˆÃÖÛêú¯Ö׸üÞÖÖ´ÖÖë ÃÖê ²Ö“Ö®ÖÖ, ²ÖÖ¾Ö•Öæ¤ü ‡ÃÖÛêú ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ×¾Ö«üÖ®Ö ¾ÖŒŸÖÖ ®Öê µÖÆü ÛúÆüÖ×Ûú ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ÃÖß ²ÖÖŸÖë ‡ÃÖ´Öë ¾Öê Æïü, •ÖÖê non-mandatory Æïü, •ÖÖê Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ‰ú¯Ö¸übinding ®ÖÆüà Æïü… µÖÆü ²Ö›Íüß ×¾Ö×“Ö¡Ö ²ÖÖŸÖ Æîü… µÖÆü ÛúÖ®Öæ®Ö ×Æü®¤ãüßÖÖ®Ö Ûêú×»Ö‹ ŸÖÖê Æîü ®ÖÆüà… ÛúÖ®Öæ®Ö ŸÖÖê †´Öê׸üÛúÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ²Ö®ÖÖµÖÖ Æîü… †´Öê׸üÛú®Ö ÛúÖŒµÖÖ interpretation Æîü, ¾ÖÆü ŒµÖÖ ˆÃÖÛúÖ »ÖÝÖÖŸÖê Æïü, ÃÖ¾ÖÖ»Ö ŸÖÖê ¾ÖÆüÖÓ Æîü…¾ÖÆü ÛîúÃÖê ˆÃÖÛúÖ interpretation Ûú¸üŸÖê Æïü, ŒµÖÖ ˆÃÖÛúß ¾µÖÖܵÖÖ Ûú¸üŸÖê Æïü?†ÝÖ¸ü µÖÆü ˆÃÖÛêú ×»Ö‹ ®ÖÆüà Æîü, ŸÖÖê ¯ÖÆü»Öê ÃÖ¸üÛúÖ¸ü Ûúß ŸÖ¸ü±ú ÃÖê µÖÆü ïÖ™üÛúÆüÖ •ÖÖ‹, ÃÖ¸üÛúÖ¸ü Ûúß ŸÖ¸ü±ú ÃÖê µÖÆü ²ÖÖŸÖ Ã¯Ö™ü †Ö®Öß “ÖÖ×Æü‹ ×Ûú µÖꆴÖê׸üÛú®Ö ¯ÖÏêו֛ëü™ü Ûêú ×»Ö‹ binding Æïü µÖÖ ®ÖÆüà ? µÖÆü ÃÖ¾ÖÖ»Ö ¯ÖÆü»Öê ³Ö߈šüÖµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ… †Ö•Ö ÃÖã²ÖÆü ¿ÖÖî¸üß •Öß ®Öê ³Öß ˆšüÖµÖÖ †Öî¸ü »ÖÖêÝÖÖë ®Öê ³Ö߈šüÖµÖÖ… ´Öï ¤üÖê ™æüÛú ¿Ö²¤üÖë ´Öë •ÖÖ®Ö®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆæÓüÝÖÖ ×Ûú †ÝÖ¸ü µÖê ¯ÖÏןֲÖÓ¬Ö non-binding Æïü, ŸÖÖê ŒµÖÖ †´Öê׸üÛú®Ö ¯ÖÏêו֛ëü™ü Ûêú ‰ú¯Ö¸ü ³Öß ®ÖÆüà »ÖÝÖëÝÖê? ŒµÖÖ¾ÖÆü ‡®ÖÛúÖê ‡Ý®ÖÖê¸ü Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü ? ŒµÖÖ ¾ÖÆü ‡®ÖÛêú ²ÖÖÆü¸ü ÛúÖ´Ö Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖÖÆîü, ŒµÖÖë×Ûú parameters have been well defined.

“ÖÖîÜÖ™üÖ ŸÖÖê ²Ö®ÖÖ ×¤üµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ Æîü…ü ¤æüÃÖ¸üß ²ÖÖŸÖ µÖÆü Æîü ×Ûú µÖê ÃÖ²Ö ²ÖÖŸÖë¾ÖÆüÖÓ ×®ÖÛú»ÖŸÖß Æïü, ®ÖÛúÖ •ÖÖê Atomic Energy Actü, 1954 ÛúÖ Æîü, ÃÖÛúÖ•ÖÖê ÃÖîŒ¿Ö®Ö 123 Æîü, ˆÃÖ´Öë ÃÖê ÃÖÖ¸üß “Öß•ÖÌ ×®ÖÛú»Ö ¸üÆüß Æîü… ¾ÖÆü ‹Œ™ü †¯Ö®Öß•ÖÝÖÆü ¯Ö¸ü ´ÖÖî•Öæ¤ü Æîü, ˆÃÖ ‹Œ™ü ´Öë ŸÖÖê ÛúÖê‡Ô ²Ö¤ü»ÖÖ¾Ö ®ÖÆüà Æãü†Ö Æîü…Everything which follows on that Act ˆÃÖÛêú ‰ú¯Ö¸ü ¾ÖÆü ÃÖÖ¸üß “Öß•Öëbinding ÆüÖëÝÖß •ÖÖê 1954 Ûêú ‹Œ™ü ´Öë ´ÖÖî•Öæ¤ü Æïü… ¾ÖÆüÖÓ •ÖÖê Ûãú”û ´ÖÖî•Öæ¤ü Æîü,¾ÖÆü ÃÖ²Ö Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ‰ú¯Ö¸ü »ÖÖÝÖæ ÆüÖêÝÖÖ… †Ö¯Ö ÛúÆüŸÖê ¸ü×Æü‹ ×Ûú µÖÆü non-bindingÆîü… ¾ÖÆü ÛúÆëüÝÖê ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸üÖ •ÖÖê Atomic Energy Act, 1954 ÛúÖ Æîü, ÃÖÛúÖµÖÆü ÃÖîŒ¿Ö®Ö 123 Æîü †Öî¸ü ‡ÃÖ ÃÖîŒ¿Ö®Ö ÛúÖ †®Öã¯ÖÖ»Ö®Ö Ûú¸üÖ®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹ Æüß µÖê“Öß•Öë Æïü †Öî¸ü ˆÃÖ ‹Œ™ü ´Öë ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ÃÖß ²ÖÖŸÖë ×»ÖÜÖß ÝÖ‡Ô Æïü…

123 ˆÃÖ ‹Œ™ü ÛúÖê †Öê¾Ö¸ü ºþ»Ö £ÖÖê›ÍüÖ Æüß Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü… †Ö¯ÖÛúÖ ÆüÖ‡›ü

‹Œ™ü ‡ÃÖ 123 ¬ÖÖ¸üÖ Ûêú †ÓŸÖÝÖÔŸÖ ²Ö®ÖÖµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ Æîü, ˆÃÖß Ûêú †Ó¤ü¸ü Æü´Ö Ûãú”ûÛú¸ü ÃÖÛëúÝÖê, ‡ÃÖ ŸÖ¸üÆü ÛúÖ †Ö³ÖÖÃÖ Æü´Öë פüµÖÖ •ÖÖ ¸üÆüÖ Æîü… ‡ÃÖ ¯Ö¸ü ÝÖÆü¸üÖ‡ÔÃÖê ²ÖÖŸÖ ÆüÖê®Öß “ÖÖ×Æü‹ †Öî¸ü ´Öï ÃÖ´ÖôÖŸÖÖ ÆæÓü ×Ûú ×¾Ö«üÖ®Ö †×¬Ö¾ÖŒŸÖÖ ‡ÃÖ ¯Ö¸ü£ÖÖê›ÍüÖ ÝÖÆü¸üÖ‡Ô ÃÖê ×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ü Ûú¸ëü †Öî¸ü ÃÖ¸üÛúÖ¸ü ³Öß ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ ¯Ö¸ü ÝÖÆü¸üÖ‡Ô ÃÖê×¾Ö“ÖÖ¸ü Ûú¸êü ×Ûú ŒµÖÖ ‘ÆüÖ‡›ü ‹Œ™’ Ûúß •ÖÖê †Ö•Ö ¬ÖÖ¸üÖ‹Ó Æïü, ˆÃÖÃÖê †´Ö¸üßÛú߸üÖ™Òü¯Ö×ŸÖ ¯ÖÏןֲÖÓ×¬ÖŸÖ ®ÖÆüà Æïü, ¾Öê ˆÃÖ ¯Ö¸ü ®ÖÆüà »ÖÝÖëÝÖê, ŒµÖÖ ¾ÖÆü ˆÃÖÛúÖê ¾Öß™üÖêÛú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü, ŒµÖÖ ¾ÖÆü ˆÃÖÃÖê Æü™ü ÃÖÛúŸÖÖ Æîü? †ÝÖ¸ü ‹êÃÖÖ ÆüÖêŸÖÖ ŸÖÖê •ÖÆüÖÓŸÖÛú ´Öï ÃÖ´ÖôÖŸÖÖ ÆæÓü, †´Öê׸üÛú®Ö ÛúÖÓÝÖÏêÃÖ ®Öê ˆ®ÖÛúÖê ±úÖÙü ™ÒêüÛú ×›üÃÖß•ÖÌ®ÖÛú¸ü®Öê ¾ÖÖ»ÖÖ •ÖÖê ¯ÖÏÖ¾Ö¬ÖÖ®Ö £ÖÖ, ¾ÖÆü þÖßÛúÖ¸ü ®ÖÆüà ×ÛúµÖÖ, ¾ÖÆü ˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê ´Ö®ÖÖ Ûú¸üפüµÖÖ ×Ûú ®ÖÆüà, µÖÆü Æü´Ö ®ÖÆüà ´ÖÖ®ÖëÝÖê †Öî¸ü ˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê µÖÆü ÛúÆüÖ ×Ûú †ÝÖ¸ü †Ö¯Ö‡ÃÖ ‹Œ™ü Ûêú ŸÖÆüŸÖ ÛúÖê‡Ô ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ Ûú¸ü »ÖëÝÖê ŸÖÖê ÜÖÖ»Öß ¸üÖ™Òü¯Ö×ŸÖ ®Öê ¤üßÖÜÖŸÖÛú¸ü פü‹, ‡ŸÖ®Öê ÃÖê ²ÖÖŸÖ ®ÖÆüà ²Ö®ÖêÝÖß… Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¯ÖÖÃÖ ×±ú¸ü ÃÖê »ÖÖ‡‹… ŒµÖÖë»ÖÖ‡‹? ¸üÖ™Òü¯Ö×ŸÖ ÛúÖê †Ö¯Ö®Öê †×¬ÖÛúÖ¸ü ¤êüÛú¸ü ŒµÖÖë ®ÖÆüà ”ûÖê›Íü פüµÖÖ? ¾ÖêÛúÆüŸÖê Æïü, ®ÖÆüà, †Ö¯Ö µÖÆüÖÓ †Ö‡‹ †Öî¸ü Æü´Öë פüÜÖÖ‡‹ ×Ûú ‘ÆüÖ‡›ü ‹Œ™’ Ûêú´ÖãŸÖÖײÖÛú ‡ÃÖ ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖê Ûúß ¬ÖÖ¸üÖ‹Ó ²Ö®ÖÖµÖß ÝÖµÖß Æïü µÖÖ ®ÖÆüà ²Ö®ÖÖµÖß ÝÖµÖß Æïü…ŒµÖÖ ´ÖŸÖ»Ö²Ö Æîü ˆÃÖÛúÖ? †ÝÖ¸ü µÖÆü ®ÖÖò®Ö ²ÖÖ‡ÓØ›üÝÖ ÛúÖ Æüß ÃÖ¾ÖÖ»Ö Æîü †Öî¸üˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê ÜÖÖ»Öß ‹Ûú ×¾Ö¿Ö †¯Ö®Öß ¸üÜÖß Æîü ×Ûú Æü´ÖÖ¸üß ‡“”ûÖ Æîü ×Ûú ‹êÃÖÖ ÆüÖêŸÖÖê ×±ú¸ü ”ûÖê›Íü ¤üÖê, ˆÃÖê ¸üÖ™Òü¯Ö×ŸÖ ¤êüÜÖ ¸üÆêü Æïü, †Ö¯ÖÛúß ‡“”ûÖ †¯Ö®Öß •ÖÝÖÆüÆîü, ¸üÖ™Òü¯Ö×ŸÖ ÛúÖ †Ö¤êü¿Ö †¯Ö®Öß •ÖÝÖÆü Æîü… ÛúÆüŸÖê Æïü, ®ÖÆüà, Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¯ÖÖÃÖ†Ö‡‹, Æü´Öë פüÜÖÖ‡‹… •Ö²Ö ŸÖÛú Æü´Ö ˆÃÖÛêú ‰ú¯Ö¸ü ¤Öê²ÖÖ¸üÖ ÃÖê ¸êü•ÖÌÖ껵Öæ¿Ö®Ö®ÖÆüà Ûú¸ëüÝÖê, ŸÖ²Ö ŸÖÛú µÖÆü ÛúÖ®Öæ®Ö ®ÖÆüà ²Ö®ÖêÝÖÖ, ŸÖ²Ö ŸÖÛú µÖÆü ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ ®ÖÆüà´ÖÖ®ÖÖ •ÖÖ‹ÝÖÖ… µÖê ÃÖÖ¸üß ²ÖÖŸÖë Æïü •ÖÖê ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖ¸êü ´Öë Æü´Öë ÃÖ¿ÖÓ×ÛúŸÖ Ûú¸üŸÖß Æïü ×ÛúµÖÆü ÛúÖ®Öæ®Ö, µÖÆü ¾µÖ¾ÖãÖÖ ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûúß ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ÃÖÖ´Ö£µÖÔ ¯Ö¸ü, ‰ú•ÖÖÔ Ã¾ÖÖ¬Ö߮֟ÖÖ ¯Ö¸ü¯Öæ¸üÖ †ÓÛãú¿Ö »ÖÝÖÖ®Öê Ûúß ²ÖÖŸÖ Æîü †Öî¸ü ‡ÃÖß Ûêú ÃÖÖ£Ö-ÃÖÖ£Ö Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ÙÒêü™êüוÖÛú¯ÖÏÖêÝÖÏÖ´ÃÖ ÛúÖê, Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ÛúÖµÖÔÛÎú´ÖÖë ÛúÖê ÃÖ´ÖÖ¯ŸÖ Ûú¸ü®Öê Ûúß ²ÖÖŸÖ Æîü…ŒµÖÖ ˆÃÖ´Öë µÖÆü ¿ÖŸÖÔ ®ÖÆüà Æîü ×Ûú ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ †ÝÖ¸ü ÛúÖê‡Ô ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ×¾ÖñúÖê™ü Ûú¸êüÝÖÖŸÖÖê µÖÆü ÃÖÖ¸üÖ ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ ¸ü§ü ÆüÖê •ÖÖ‹ÝÖÖ, ¾ÖÆü ÃÖÖ¸üß µÖÖê•Ö®ÖÖ Ûúß ×•ÖŸÖ®ÖßÆü´ÖÖ¸üß ÛúÆüÖ®Öß Æîü, ¾ÖÆü ¾ÖÆüà ÜÖŸ´Ö ÆüÖê •ÖÖ‹ÝÖß, ˆÃÖÛúÖ ¯Ö™üÖõÖê¯Ö ÆüÖê •ÖÖ‹ÝÖÖ…†Öî¸ü Æü´Ö †¯Ö®Öê †Ö¯Ö ×¾ÖñúÖê™ü Ûú¸ëü µÖÖ ®Ö Ûú¸ëü, ˆÃÖÛúÖ ±îúÃÖ»ÖÖ ÛúÖî®Ö Ûú¸êüÝÖÖ?Æü´Ö Ûú¸ëüÝÖê µÖÖ †´Öê׸üÛúÖ? ÃÖ¸ü, µÖÆü ¤êüÜÖ®Öê Ûúß ²ÖÖŸÖ Æîü… Æü´Öë µÖÆü ²ÖŸÖÖµÖÖ •ÖÖ‹×Ûú ‹êÃÖß ×ãÖ×ŸÖ ´Öë ŒµÖÖ ÆüÖêÝÖÖ? ˆÃÖÛêú «üÖ¸üÖ •ÖÖê Ûãú”û †´Öê׸üÛúÖ ˆ¯Ö»Ö²¬Ö

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Ûú¸ü®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆü ¸üÆüÖ Æîü, ˆÃÖê ¾ÖÆü ÃÖ²Ö ×´Ö»Ö ¸üÆüÖ Æîü… Æü´Öë ×´Ö»Ö Æüß ŒµÖÖ ¸üÆüÖ Æîü?ˆÃÖÛúÖ •Ö̸üÖ »ÖêÜÖÖ-•ÖÖêÜÖÖ ŸÖÖê ÆüÖê ×Ûú Æü´Ö •ÖÖ‹ÓÝÖê ÛúÆüÖÓ? ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ ÛúÖµÖÔÛÎú´Ö†Ö¯ÖÛúÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖ¯ŸÖ Æîü, †Ö¯ÖÛúß •ÖÖê credible minimum deterrence ÛúÖÃÖ¾ÖÖ»Ö Æîü, ¾ÖÆü ÝÖÖµÖ²Ö Æîü, ¾ÖÆü †Ö¯Ö ®ÖÆüà ¸üÜÖ ÃÖÛëúÝÖê… Ý»ÖÖê²Ö»Ö ×ÃÖ“Öã‹¿Ö®Ö²Ö¤ü»Ö ¸üÆüß Æîü, “ÖÖ¸üÖë ŸÖ¸ü±ú ÃÖê Æü´Ö בָêü Æãü‹ Æïü… ŒµÖÖ ‹êÃÖß ×ãÖ×ŸÖ ´Öë Æü´Ö†¯Ö®Öê ®ÖÖ׳ÖÛúßµÖ Ã™Òêü™êüוÖÛú ÛúÖµÖÔÛÎú´Ö ´Öë ²Ö¤ü»ÖÖ¾Ö ®ÖÆüà Ûú¸ü ÃÖÛúŸÖê? ´ÖÝÖ¸üˆÃÖÛêú ×»Ö‹ †´Öê׸üÛúÖ ÃÖê ‡•ÖÖ•ÖŸÖ »ÖÖê, µÖÆü ŒµÖÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ Æãü‡Ô? Æü´ÖÖ¸üÖ ×›ü±ëúÃÖˆ®ÖÛêú †Ó›ü¸ü, Æü´ÖÖ¸üß ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ˆ®ÖÛêú †Ó›ü¸ü, Æü´ÖÖ¸üß ±úÖò¸êü®Ö ¯ÖÖò×»ÖÃÖß ˆ®ÖÛêú†Ó›ü¸ü, Æü´ÖÖ¸üß ±æú›ü ¯ÖÖò×»ÖÃÖß ˆ®ÖÛêú †Ó›ü¸ü - Æü´Ö ÛúÆüÖÓ •ÖÖ ¸üÆêü Æïü? ×Ûú¬Ö¸ü»Öê •ÖÖ®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆüŸÖê Æïü? ‡ÃÖ´Öë ´Öï †Ö¯ÖÛúÖê µÖÆü ³Öß ²ÖŸÖÖ‰ÓúÝÖÖ ×Ûú †²Ö •ÖÖê¾ÖîóÖÖ×®ÖÛúÖë ®Öê Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ´ÖÖ®Ö®ÖßµÖ ¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö´ÖÓ¡Öß •Öß ÛúÖê ¯Ö¡Ö ×»ÖÜÖÖ Æîü, ˆÃÖÛúÖ ³Öß•Ö̸üÖ †®ÖãÃÖ¸üÞÖ Ûúßו֋ - ¾ÖÆü ŸÖÖê »Öê™êüÙü Æîü, †³Öß ×»ÖÜÖÖ Æîü… ˆÃÖ´Öë ¾ÖêÛúÆüŸÖê Æïü ×Ûú In the context of our August 2006 meeting withthe Prime Minister, we have summarised below our viewson the Hyde Act, and our recommendations to the Parlia-mentarians on the action required from them. µÖê ÛúÖî®Ö »ÖÖêÝÖÆïü? µÖê ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ¯ÖÏ×ÃÖ¨ü ®ÖÖ´Ö Æïü… ®Öß“Öê ÆüßÖÖõÖ¸ü Ûú¸ü®Öê ¾ÖÖ»Öê Æïü - Dr. H.N.Sethna, former Chairman, Atomic Energy Commission, Dr.M.R. Srinivasan, former Chairman, Atomic Energy Commis-sion, Dr. P. K. Iyengar, former Chairman, Atomic EnergyCommission, Dr. A. Gopalakrishnan, former Chairman,Atomic Energy Regulatory Board, Dr. A.N. Prasad, formerDirector, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Dr. Y.S.R. Prasad,former Chairman and Managing Director, Nuclear PowerCorporation of India Limited, Dr. Placid Rodriguez, formerDirector, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research. µÖê ÛúÖê‡ÔÃÖÖ´ÖÖ®µÖ »ÖÖêÝÖ ®ÖÆüà Æïü…

µÖÆü ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ´ÖÆüŸ¾Ö¯ÖæÞÖÔ ²ÖÖŸÖ Æîü, ¯ÖÖÙ»ÖµÖÖ´Öë™êü׸üµÖÓÃÖ ÃÖê ˆ®ÆüÖë®Öê †¯Öᯙ ÛúßÆîü full cooperation in civilian nuclear energy has been de-nied to India: (a) US unwillingness to cooperate in theareas of spent fuel reprocessing and Uranium enrichment

related to the full nuclear fuel cycle. (b) Denial of thenuclear fuel supply assurances and alternative supply ar-rangements mutually agreed upon earlier limits coopera-tion in the GNEP programme. India will not be permitted tojoin as a technology developer but as a recipient State. Æü¸ü•ÖÝÖÆü †Ö¯Ö recipient Æïü… ÛúÆüà †Ö¯Ö ™êüŒ®ÖÖ»ÖÖò•Öß ×¸üÃÖß¾Ö Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü, ÛúÆüà†Ö¯Ö fuel ׸üÃÖß¾Ö Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü, ÛúÆüà †Ö¯Ö ¯ÖæÓ•Öß ×¸üÃÖß¾Ö Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü, Æü¸ü •ÖÝÖÆü†Ö¯Ö recipient Æïü…

(b) India asked to participate in the international efforton nuclear non-proliferation, with a policy congruent tothat of United States.

(c) Impact on our Strategic Defence Progamme: Inresponding to the concerns earlier expressed by us, thePrime Minister stated in the Rajya Sabha on August 17,2006 that We are fully conscious of the changing complex-ity of the international political system. Nuclear weaponsare an integral part of our national security and will remainso, pending the global elimination of all nuclear weaponsand universal non-discriminatory nuclear disarmament. Ourfreedom of action with regard to our strategic programmesremains unrestricted. The nuclear agreement will not beallowed to be used as a backdoor method of introducingNPT type restrictions on India.And yet, this Act totallynegates the above assurances of the Prime Minister.

Then he referred, The Act makes it explicit that if Indiaconducts such tests, the nuclear cooperation will be ter-minated. ×±ú¸ü †ÖÝÖê ¾Öê ÛúÆüŸÖê Æïü ×Ûú Unfortunately, the Act istotally silent on the US working with India to move towardsuniversal nuclear disarmament, but it eloquently covers allaspects of non-proliferation controls of US priority, intowhich they want to draw India into committing.

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¾Öê ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖŸÖ ÛúÖê þÖßÛúÖ¸ü ³Öß Ûú¸ü ¸üÆêü Æïü ×Ûú †ÝÖ¸ü µÖÆü ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖÖ †Ö¯Ö®ÖêÛú¸ü ×»ÖµÖÖ, ŸÖÖê ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ÛúÖ •ÖÖê †®ÖãÃÖÓ¬ÖÖ®Ö Æîü, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûúß •ÖÖê ¯ÖÏÝÖ×ŸÖ Æî ‡ÃÖ´ÖÖ´Ö»Öê ´Öëü, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ †¯Ö®Öê †®ÖãÃÖÓ¬ÖÖ®Ö Ûêú «üÖ¸üÖ •ÖÖê †ÖŸ´Ö×®Ö³ÖÔ¸ü ²Ö®Ö ¸üÆüÖ £ÖÖ,ׯ֔û»Öê ŸÖßÃÖ ¾ÖÂÖÖí ÃÖê Æü´ÖÖ¸êü ¾ÖîóÖÖ×®ÖÛúÖë ®Öê וÖÃÖ Ã¾ÖÖµÖ¢ÖŸÖÖ, וÖÃÖ †Öò™üÖê®ÖÖò´ÖßÛúÖê ²Ö¸üÛú¸üÖ¸ü ¸üÜÖÖ £ÖÖ, ¾ÖÆü ¯ÖÏןֲÖÓ×¬ÖŸÖ ÆüÖê •ÖÖ‹ÝÖß… †Ö¯ÖÛêú µÖÆüÖÓ Ûúß ×•ÖŸÖ®Öß•ÖÖ®ÖÛúÖ¸üß Æîü, ¾ÖÆü ÃÖÖ¸üß •ÖÖ®ÖÛúÖ¸üß »Öê®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹ †´Öê׸üÛúÖ †¯Ö®Öê ¸üÖßÖê×®ÖÛúÖ»Ö »ÖêÝÖÖ… Æü´ÖÖ¸üÖ •ÖÖê †Ö•Ö ŸÖÛú †®ÖãÃÖÓ¬ÖÖ®Ö ×ÛúµÖÖ ÝÖµÖÖ Æîü, ˆÃÖ ¯Ö¸ü ³Öß‹Ûú ŸÖ¸üÆü ÃÖê ¯ÖÖ‡¸êüÃÖß ÆüÖê •ÖÖ‹ÝÖß, µÖê ˆ®ÖÛêú ÜÖŸÖ¸êü Æïü †Öî¸ü ´Öï µÖÆü ÃÖ´ÖôÖŸÖÖÆæÓü, ´Öï ³Öß ×¾ÖóÖÖ®Ö ÛúÖ ‹Ûú ×¾ÖªÖ£Öá ÆæÓü †Öî¸ü ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ÃÖÖ»ÖÖë ŸÖÛú ´Öï®Öê ×¾ÖóÖÖ®Ö¯ÖœÍüÖµÖÖ Æîü… ´Öï µÖÆü ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ×¾Ö®Ö´ÖÏŸÖÖ ÃÖê ÛúÆü®ÖÖ “ÖÖÆüŸÖÖ ÆæÓü ×Ûú †ÝÖ¸ü µÖÆü×ãÖ×ŸÖ †Ö ÝÖ‡Ô, ŸÖÖê •ÖÖê Ûãú”û †Ö•Ö ŸÖÛú ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Ûúß ¯ÖÏןÖšüÖ ²Ö®Öß Æîü, ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖÛêú ¾ÖîóÖÖ×®ÖÛúÖë Ûêú ²ÖÖ¸êü ´Öë †Ö•Ö ŸÖÛú •ÖÖê ÃÖ´´ÖÖ®Ö Æîü, ¾ÖÆü ÃÖ²Ö ®Ö™ü ÆüÖê•ÖÖ‹ÝÖÖ… ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ®Öê •ÖÖê ¿ÖÖ®Ö ÃÖê ÜÖ›Íêü ÆüÖê®Öê Ûúß, ÃÖ´¯ÖϳÖãŸÖÖ ÛúÖê ²Ö“ÖÖ‹ ¸üÜÖ®ÖêÛúß, ׯ֔û»Öê ŸÖßÃÖ-“ÖÖ»ÖßÃÖ ÃÖÖ»ÖÖë ´Öë ×ãÖ×ŸÖ ¯Öî¤üÖ Ûúß £Öß, ¾ÖÆü ÃÖ´ÖÖ¯ŸÖ ÆüÖê•ÖÖ‹ÝÖß… ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ Œ»ÖÖ‡Ó™ü Ùêü™ü ²Ö®Ö®Öê Ûúß ŸÖ¸ü±ú ²ÖœÍü •ÖÖ‹ÝÖÖ, ¾ÖÆü recipient²Ö®ÖŸÖÖ Æüß •ÖÖ ¸üÆüÖ Æîü… ´Öê¸üÖ ²ÖÆãüŸÖ ×¾Ö®Ö´ÖÏŸÖÖ ÃÖê †®Öã¸üÖê¬Ö Æîü ×Ûú ¤êü¿Ö ÛúßÃÖã¸üõÖÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹, ‰ú•ÖÖÔ Ûúß ÃÖã¸üõÖÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹, ¤êü¿Ö Ûêú ×¾ÖÛúÖÃÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹ †Öî¸ü ¤êü¿ÖÛúß †ÖŸ´Ö-×®Ö³ÖÔ¸üŸÖÖ †Öî¸ü ÃÖ´¯ÖϳÖãŸÖÖ ÛúÖê ²Ö“ÖÖ‹ ¸üÜÖ®Öê Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ‡ÃÖ ²ÖÖ¸êü ´Öë¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö´ÖÓ¡Öß •Öß ÛúÖê ïÖ™ü ²ÖŸÖÖ®ÖÖ “ÖÖ×Æü‹ ×Ûú ‡®Ö ¿ÖŸÖÖí ¯Ö¸ü, ‡ÃÖ ¯Öî¸üÖ´Öß™ü¸ü¯Ö¸ü ³ÖÖ¸üŸÖ ÃÖ´ÖôÖÖîŸÖê Ûúß ²ÖÖŸÖ ®ÖÆüà Ûú¸êüÝÖÖ… You must be very forth-right and say ×Ûú †ÝÖ¸ü Æü´ÖÖ¸üß 18 •Öã»ÖÖ‡Ô, 2005 Ûúß •ÖÖê letter andspirit £Öß, †ÝÖ¸ü †Ö¯Ö ˆÃÖÃÖê ²ÖÖÆü¸ü •ÖÖ ¸üÆêü Æïü, ŸÖÖê ´ÖÖ±ú Ûúßו֋, Æü´ÖëˆÃÖÛúß •Öºþ¸üŸÖ ®ÖÆüà Æîü… Æü´Ö †¯Ö®Öß ‰ú•ÖÖÔ ¯Öî¤üÖ Ûú¸ü »ÖëÝÖê, ¤üÖê ÃÖÖ»Ö Ûêú ²Ö¤ü»Öê“ÖÖ¸ü ÃÖÖ»Ö ´Öë ¯Öî¤üÖ Ûú¸ü »ÖëÝÖê, ´ÖêÆü®ÖŸÖ Ûú¸ëüÝÖê, ¤êü¿Ö ÛúÖê •ÖÝÖÖ‹ÓÝÖê ×Ûú ¤êü¿Ö ÛêúÃÖÖ´Ö®Öê µÖê ¯Ö׸ü×ãÖןֵÖÖÓ Æïü †Öî¸ü †ÝÖ¸ü ¯ÖϬÖÖ®Ö´ÖÓ¡Öß •Öß ‡ÃÖ ÃÖ¾ÖÖ»Ö ÛúÖê »ÖêÛú¸ü¤êü¿Ö Ûêú ÃÖÖ´Ö®Öê •ÖÖ‹Ó †Öî¸ü µÖÆü ÛúÆëü ×Ûú ¤êü¿Ö ÛúÖê †ÖŸ´Ö×®Ö³ÖÔ¸ü ²Ö®ÖÖ®ÖÖ Æîü ‰ú•ÖÖÔÛêú ´ÖÖ´Ö»Öê ´Öë, †£ÖÔ Ûêú ´ÖÖ´Ö»Öê ´Öë †Öî¸ü †®®Ö Ûêú ´ÖÖ´Ö»Öê ´Öë †Öî¸ü Æü´Ö ×ÛúÃÖߤêü¿Ö Ûêú ÃÖÖ´Ö®Öê ®ÖÆüà ôÖãÛëúÝÖê, ŸÖÖê ÃÖÖ¸üÖ ¤êü¿Ö ˆ®ÖÛúß ´Ö¤ü¤ü Ûú¸êüÝÖÖ, Æü´Ö ˆ®ÖÛúß´Ö¤ü¤ü Ûú¸ëüÝÖê, »Öê×Ûú®Ö •Öºþ¸üŸÖ Æîü ×Ûú †ÖŸ´Ö-ÃÖ´´ÖÖ®Ö Ûêú ÃÖÖ£Ö ÜÖ›Íêü ÆüÖë, †ÖŸ´Ö-×®Ö³ÖÔ¸üŸÖÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ÜÖ›Íêü ÆüÖë, ¤êü¿Ö Ûúß ¸üõÖÖ Ûêú ×»Ö‹ ÜÖ›Íêü ÆüÖë, ÃÖ´¯ÖϳÖãŸÖÖ Ûêú×»Ö‹ ÜÖ›Íêü ÆüÖë… n

eueksgu us dh usg: tSlhHkwy % lq"kek Lojkt

jkT;lHkk rdjhcu ,d ?kaVs ekSu jgkA lHkh LrCèk FksApkSdkus okys rF; lqudj dkaxzsfl;ksa ds psgjksa ij ls gokbZ;kamM+us yxh FkhA Lo;a çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag ,dVd] ,dkxzrkls Jherh lq"kek Lojkt dk Hkk"k.k lqurs jgsA Jherh lq"kekLojkt us çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag dh vesfjdk ;k=k] muds }kjkogka le>kSrs ij fd, x, gLrk{kj vkSj tkjh c;ku dh cf[k;kmèksM+rs gq, lnu dks bl ckr ls iwjh rjg vk'oLr fd;k fdHkkjr ds çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag iwjh rjg vlQy gksdj ykSVsgSaA Jherh lq"kek Lojkt lPpkbZ ds èkjkry ij MkWå eueksguflag dks vkbZuk fn[kkus esa leFkZ jghaA mUgksaus le>kSrs dh dkWihvkSj c;ku dh dkWih esa ls ,d&,d iafDr i<+dj] iwjs lnu dksmlds ek;us Hkh crk;sA ge ;gka ij Jherh lq"kek Lojkt }kjkjkT;lHkk ¼ekulwu l= 2005½ esa fn;s x, bl Hkk"k.k dk izeq[kva'k izLrqr dj jgs gSaA

vkt eSa çèkku ea=h th ds ml oäO; ij ppkZ djus ds fy, [kM+h gqbZgwa] tks mUgksaus viuh vejhdk ;k=k ls ykSVus ds ckn 29 tqykbZ] 2005 dksbl lnu esa fn;k FkkA

ftl le; çèkku ea=h th ;g oäO; i<+ jgs Fks] rks muds ,d&,d'kCn ij dkaxzsl ds lkaln esTk+sa FkiFkik dj mudk Lokxr dj jgs Fks]ysfdu igyh ckj ,d n`'; ns[kus dks feyk fd muds lg;ksxh ny bl[kq'kh esa 'kjhd+ ugÈ gks jgs FksA ;gka rd fd oke ny ds lkFkh rks dkQhcq>s eu ls cSBs FksA eSa dguk pkgrh gwa fd ;fn bl oäO; esa dgh xbZckrsa gdhdr gksrÈ vkSj rF;ksa ij vkèkkfjr gksrÈ] rks ge foi{kh cSapksa esa

69 70

laln esa cgllaln esa cgllaln esa cgllaln esa cgllaln esa cgl

cSBus ds ckotwn •h esTk+sa FkiFkikrs vkSj çèkku ea=h th dk Lokxr djrsAdk'k ,slk gqvk gksrk] ysfdu ,slk gqvk ugÈA

;g tks oäO; çèkku ea=h th us fn;k] ;g ml le>kSrs ds ckjs esafn;k gS] ftl le>kSrs ij mUgksaus 18 tqykbZ dks jk"Vªifr Jh tkWtZ cq'kds lkFk gLrk{kj fd, Fks vkSj mlh le>kSrs dh O;k[;k djrs gq, ;goäO; mUgksaus fn;k gS] ysfdu blh le>kSrs dh ,d O;k[;k vejhdk esa•h dh xbZA eSa çkjE• esa ,d lPpkbZ dks Lohdkj djuk pkgwaxh] çèkku ea=hth] ;fn bl le>kSrs dh gekjh le> vkSj vejhdk dh le> ,d&lhgksrh] leku gksrh] rks 'kk;n fookn dh dksbZ xqatkb'k ugÈ Fkh] ysfdunq•kZX; dh ckr ;g gS fd tks O;k[;k vkius dh gS] vejhdk dh O;k[;kmlls esy ugÈ [kk jgh vkSj vejhdk dh O;k[;k fdlh ,sjs&xSjs us ugÈdh gS] fdlh NksVs vfèkdkjh us ugÈ dh gS] muds fons'k miea=h &fudksyl cuZ us dh gS] tks dkSaMyhlk jkbl ds MsiqVh gSa vkSj bl le>kSrsdks djkus esa cgqr d+jhc ls tqM+s jgs gSa vkSj blesa mUgksaus egRoiw.kZ •wfedkfu•kbZ gSA

18 tqykbZ dks ;g le>kSrk gqvk vkSj 19 tqykbZ dks] 24 ÄaVs ds •hrjmUgksaus ,d laoknnkrk lEesyu cqykdj ml laoknnkrk lEesyu dkslEcksfèkr fd;kA ml laoknnkrk lEesyu esa mUgksaus D;k dgk] mldh iwjhçfr esjs ikl gS] eSa dsoy mldh pkj ykbusa i<+uk pkgwaxh fd os blle>kSrs ds ckjs esa vius ns'k esa D;k le> crk jgs gSaA Jh fudksyl cuZus dgk] "What was significant about yesterday's agreement is that

India committed itself in public, very specifically, to a series of

actions to which it had not previously committed itself. Actions

which will, in effect, in de facto sense, have India agreeing to the

same measures that most of the NPT States have agreed to." ;gfudksyl cuZ dk LVsVesaV gS vkSj ;g bl le>kSrs ds ckjs esa vejhdk dhvfèkd`r le> gS] vkWfQf'k;y vaMjLVsafMax gSA gekjs ;gka futh ppkZvksaesa ;g dgk tk jgk gS fd vxj ,u-MCyw-,- LVsVl ugÈ feyk rks D;k gS]'kCn ij er tkb,] gesa og lc gkfly gks x;k tks U;wfDy;j oSiu LVsV~ldks feyrk gS vkSj ogÈ fudksyl cuZ futh ppkZvksa esa gh ugÈ] lkoZtfudrkSj ij dg jgs gSa fd ,u-ih-Vh- ds 'kCnksa ij er tkb,] •kjr us og lcdqN eku fy;k gS tks ,u-ih-Vh- ds ns'k ekurs gSa] ;kuh ge ftls MhQsDVksU;wfDyj oSiUl LVsV dk ntkZ eku jgs gSa] mls os MhQsDVks ,u-ih-Vh- dh

Lohdk;Zrk eku jgs gSaA çèkku ea=h th] ;g tks le> dk cqfu;knh varjgS] gekjh lkjh fpark,a blesa ls mit jgh gSa] gekjh lkjh vkifŸk;ka blesals fudy jgh gSa vkSj blfy, eSa lcls igys ml le>kSrs ds mu isjkxzkldks i<+uk pkgwaxh] rkfd lnu dks ;g crk ldwa fd bl le>kSrs esa geusfn;k D;k vkSj ik;k D;kA

esjs ikl ml le>kSrs dh çfr gSA ;g og le>kSrk gS] ftl ij çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag ,oa jk"Vªifr cq'k us gLrk{kj fd,A blds i`"B nks dsvafre nks iSjkxzkl esa mu reke ckrksa dk ftØ gS] tks geus ekuh vkSj tksmUgksaus ekuhA ;g vaxzsTk+h esa gS] iwjs dk iwjk vaxzsTk+h esa i<+us ds ctk; eSacgqr gh lknh] ljy fgUnh esa vkids ekè;e ls lnu dks crkuk pkgrh gwafd geus D;k ekuk vkSj mUgksaus D;k ekukA l•kifr th] geus ekuk fdgeus ekuk fdgeus ekuk fdgeus ekuk fdgeus ekuk fdge vius flfoy U;wfDy;j vkSj fefyVªh U;wfDy;j çksxzke ds chp esalSijs'ku dj ysaxs] vFkkZr~ lkefjd o Xk+Sj&lkefjd tks ijek.kq dk;ZØens'k esa py jgk gS] mls pj.kc) rjhds ls vyx&vyx dj ysaxsA nwljhnwljhnwljhnwljhnwljhckr geus D;k ekuhckr geus D;k ekuhckr geus D;k ekuhckr geus D;k ekuhckr geus D;k ekuh] ge vkbZ0,0bZ0,0] baVjus'kuy vkVkWfed ,utÊ,tsalh ds lkeus ,d fMDys;js'ku Qkby djsaxsA geus rhljh ckr D;kgeus rhljh ckr D;kgeus rhljh ckr D;kgeus rhljh ckr D;kgeus rhljh ckr D;kekuhekuhekuhekuhekuh fd ge viuh lkjh flfoy U;wDyhvj QsflfyVhTk+ dks vkbZ0,0bZ0,0ds lkeus ekWfuVfjax vkSj baLisD'ku&fuxjkuh vkSj fujh{k.k ds fy, j[knsaxsA geus pkSFkh ckr D;k ekuh geus pkSFkh ckr D;k ekuh geus pkSFkh ckr D;k ekuh geus pkSFkh ckr D;k ekuh geus pkSFkh ckr D;k ekuh fd ge ,d vkSj ,fM'kuy çksVksdkWyij gLrk{kj djsaxs vkSj ml ij iwjh rjg vey •h djsaxsA geus ikapoÈgeus ikapoÈgeus ikapoÈgeus ikapoÈgeus ikapoÈD;k phTk ekuhD;k phTk ekuhD;k phTk ekuhD;k phTk ekuhD;k phTk ekuh fd tks ;wfuysVªy eksjsVsfj;e tks ,d ,drjQk çfrcaèkgekjs U;wfDyvj VSLV ij py jgk gS mldks ge tkjh j[ksaxsA geus NBhgeus NBhgeus NBhgeus NBhgeus NBhpht D;k ekuhpht D;k ekuhpht D;k ekuhpht D;k ekuhpht D;k ekuh fd ,utÊ ;kuh U;wfDyvj lIykbTk+ xzqi vkSj,e0Vh0lh0vkj0 &felkby VsDukykWth daVªksy fjthe ds esacj rks ugÈ gSaysfdu fcuk lnL; cus] ge muds lkjs fu;eksa dk ikyu djsaxsA geusgeusgeusgeusgeuslkroÈ pht D;k ekuhlkroÈ pht D;k ekuhlkroÈ pht D;k ekuhlkroÈ pht D;k ekuhlkroÈ pht D;k ekuh& fd eYVhus'kuy ,Q0,e0lh0Vh0 &fQlkbyesVhfj;y dV vkQ VªhVh dks ;w0,l0 ds lkFk feydj dUDywM djsaxs]vesfjdk ds lkFk feydj dUDywM djsaxsA;s lkr phtsa geus blesa ekuhA

vesfjdk us D;k ekuk\ vesfjdk us ekuk fdvesfjdk us ekuk fdvesfjdk us ekuk fdvesfjdk us ekuk fdvesfjdk us ekuk fd og vesfjdk dsLFkkuh; dkuwu vkSj uhfr;ksa esa la'kksèku djus dk çLrko ogka dh laln;kuh vesfjdu dkaxzsl ds ikl ys tk,axsA nwljk D;k ekuk fdnwljk D;k ekuk fdnwljk D;k ekuk fdnwljk D;k ekuk fdnwljk D;k ekuk fd •kjr dslkFk O;kikj djus ds fy, vkSj •kjr dks flfoy U;wfDyvj dk;ZØe esa

71 72

lg;ksx nsus ds fy, fe= ns'k •h vkxs c<+sa] blds fy, fe= ns'kksa ls ckrdjsaxsA rhljh pht D;k ekuh fd rhljh pht D;k ekuh fd rhljh pht D;k ekuh fd rhljh pht D;k ekuh fd rhljh pht D;k ekuh fd •kjr vkbZ0Vh0bZ0vkj0 esa cgqr #fpfn[kkrk gS] •kjr vkbZ0Vh0bZ0vkj0 esa ;ksxnku nsus dk bPNqd gS] blfy,og vius lg;ksfx;ksa ls ckr djsaxs vkSj gekjh bPNk muds lkeus j[ksaxsvkSj pkSFkh pht D;k ekuh\ pkSFkh pht mUgksaus ekuh fdpkSFkh pht mUgksaus ekuh fdpkSFkh pht mUgksaus ekuh fdpkSFkh pht mUgksaus ekuh fdpkSFkh pht mUgksaus ekuh fd •kjr tsfujs'kuQkWj baVjus'kuy Qksje dk lnL; cuus dk bPNqd gS] rks bl bPNk dsckjs esa fopkj fd;k tk,] ;g fopkjkFkZ os viuh lg;ksfx;ksa ls lykgdjsaxsAçèkku ea=h th] vxj eSa xyr gwa rks eq>s ;gÈ crk nhft,] ;s lkrphtsa geus muds lkeus ekuh] pkj mUgksaus ekuhA eSa vkt •h v•h •h viusrF; Bhd djus ds fy, rS;kj gwa vxj blds vykok geus dqN ekuk ;kgeus dqN ik;kA bu 'krks± dk nq"ifj.kke D;k gksxk] ;g rks eSa ckn esa ckrd#axh] igys dsoy 'kCnksa dh ckr dj jgh gwaA eSaus tks 7 phtsa viuhfxukb± mu lcds ihNs D;k Fkk &ge djsaxs] djsaxs] djsaxs] djsaxsA vkSj mudhtks pkj phtsa eSaus fxukbZ muesa D;k Fkk\ ge laln ds lkeus tk,axs vkSjlaln ugÈ ekuh rks os dqN ugÈ djsaxsA os fe= ns'kksa ls ckr djsaxs] vxjfe= ns'k ugÈ ekus rks os dqN ugÈ djsaxsA os gekjh bPNk lg;ksxh ns'kksads lkeus j[ksaxs vkSj og bPNk vxj mUgksaus Bqdjk nh rks os dqN ugÈdjsaxsAgesa lg;ksx vkbZ0Vh0bZ0vkj0 dk esEcj cukus ds fy, os iSjohdjsaxs] vxj og iSjoh muds ikVZulZ us ugÈ ekuh rks os dqN ugÈ djsaxsA;g gS eksVk&eksVh le>kSrkA gkMZ dS'k ds cnys çkWfeljh uksV ysdj vk,gSa ge vkSj çkWfeljh uksV •h ml O;fä us lkbu ugÈ fd;k tks mls vnkdjsxk] cfYd ml O;fä us lkbu fd;k gS tks nwljksa ls vnk djokus dkç;kl djsxk] os dksf'k'k djsaxs] os ç;Ru djsaxs] os lykg djsaxs] osfopkj&foe'kZ djsaxsA tc ge ;g ckr dgrs gSa fd gkMZ dS'k ds cnys vkiçkWfeljh uksV ysdj pys vk, vkSj ;gka vkdj [kq'kh euk jgs gSa] xkuk xkjgs gSa vkSj cgqr dqN gkfly djds vk x,] rks gesa dgk tkrk gS fd vkxsif<+,] mlesa ,d jsflçksflVh DykWt •h gSA geus ;g lkjh phtsa ekuh rksgSa exj jsflçksdy rjhds ij ekuh gSaA os djsaxs rks ge djsaxs] vxj os ugÈdjsaxs rks ge ugÈ djsaxs] ;g dgk tkrk gSA rks l•kifr th] jsflçksflVhDykWTk+ ns[k ysrs gSaA jsflçksflVh ds ckjs esa •h vxj gekjh vkSj vesfjdkdh le> ,d gksrh rks 'kk;n eq>s xqjst ugÈ gksrk] ysfdu jsflçksflVh dsckjs esa tc fudksyl cuZ ls iwNk x;k rks mlh lEoknnkrk lEesyu esa

fudksyl cuZ us dgk fd "The Agreement will not be put into effect

tomorrow morning. It is going to take a series of implementation

commitments -- it will have to be implemented by the Indian Gov-

ernment and then we will have to seek these changes from the

Congress."

vc vxj vki bls jslhçksflVh dgrs gSa] lkoZtfud rkSj ij fudksylcuZ ;g dgrs gSa fd igys •kjr ljdkj ;g dfeVesaV djsxh] mlds cknge laln ds ikl tk;saxs vkSj ;g dsoy og ugÈ dgrs] tks çèkku ea=hth us LVsVesaV nh gS] eSa mlesa ls ,d okD; i<+dj lqukrh gwaA ;g 29tqykbZ dk LVsVesaV gSA ;g çèkku ea=h th Lo;a dg jgs gSaA "We shall

undertake the same responsibilities and obligations as such coun-

tries, including the United States, can commit. Simply, we expect

the same rights and benefits."

l•kifr th] vxj vaMjVsfdax ds cnys esa ,DlisDVs'ku vkSj jslhçksflVhgksrh gS] rks çèkku ea=h th dks eqckjdoknA eq>s ugÈ ekywe] esjk rks vaxzsthdk Kku cgqr lhfer gS] muds cjkcj rks eSa eqdkcyk dj gh ugÈ ldrh]mUgsa vaxzsth dk] vFkZ&'kkó dk lcdk Kku gSA ysfdu 'kk;n bruh •jvaxzsth rks eq>s Tk+:j vkrh gS fd vaMjVsafdx ds cnys esa ,DlisDVs'ku]dfeVesaV ds cnys esa çksfelsTk+ vkSj ,xzhesaV ds cnys esa ikWlsfcfyVh] ;gde ls de jslhçksflVh dh ifjfèk esa ugÈ vkrk gSA vki 'kCn dh ckrdgrs gSaA lkjh dh lkjh dwVuhfr 'kCnksa ij pyrh gSA fMIykseslh rks ukegh nuances dk gSA ,d&,d dkSek] Qqy LVkWi dgka yxs] blds fy,fMIyksesV~l ÄaVksa fcrk nsrs gSaA gekjs le; esa •h cgqr le>kSrs gq,] vesfjdkds lkFk •h gq,] la;ksx ls os nksuksa fons'k ea=h vkt lnu esa cSBs gSa] ftudsdk;Zdky esa gq,A , fDyaVu&oktis;h fotu LVsVesaV lu~ 2000 esa tkjhgqvk] tc tloUr flag th fons'k ea=h Fks] ,d ,u,l,lih] usDLV LVsiVw LVªsVftd ikVZujf'ki] ;'koar flUgk th ds le; esa tuojh] 2004 esatkjh gqvk] tc os fons'k ea=h FksA ysfdu geus D;k fy[kk] geus tks 'kCnp;u fd;k] geus 'kCn p;u fd;k] multilateral FMCT ds ckjs esa] "we

will work together" vkSj tks eueksgu flag th] cq'k ds lkFk le>kSrkdjds vk;s] mlesa D;k fy[kdj vk;s gSa] "We will work with the United

States." eSa i<+dj crkrh gwaA geus fy[kk] "We will work together for

early announcement of initiatives on a treaty to end the production

73 74

of fissle materials for nuclear weapons." vkSj cq'k th ds lkFk Mk0eueksgu flag th D;k fy[kdj vk;s gSa] "We will work with the U.S.

for the conclusion of a multilateral FMCT." D;k odZ fon ;w-,l- vkSjofd±x Vwxsnj dk ,d vFkZ gksrk gS\ ofd±x Vwxsnj esa dkejsMjh dh •koukgS] iSfjVh dh •kouk gS vkSj odZ fon ;w-,l- esa lceh'ku vkSj lcksfMZus'kudh •kouk gSA vki ,d èkjkry ij [kM+s gksdj dgrs gSa fd ge lkFk&lkFkdke djsaxs] ,d nwljs ds dkejsMjh vkSj ,d nwljs dh iSjsVh vki Lohdkjdjrs gSaA ;g gekjs le; esa fy[kk x;k] mlh vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr fDyaVudh ;gka dh o"kZ 2000 dh foftV esa] tks fDyaVu&oktis;h LVsVesaV tkjhgqvk] mlesa geus dgk] oh foy odZ Vwxsnj vkSj vki fy[kdj vk;s gSa] ohfoy odZ fon ;w-,l-A eSa vkidks crkÅa fd bldk nq"ifj.kke D;k gksxk];g vkius 'kk;n ml le; le>k ugÈA ;g bruh cM+h •a;dj •wy vkidjds vk;s gSa] tks bfrgkl esa vkids uke ls ntZ gksxhA eSa crkrh gwaA vki'kksj ugÈ epkb,] vki lqfu;s] eSaS vkidks crkrh gwaA ;g ogh •wy gS] tSlh•wy iafMr usg# us dh Fkh] tSlh •wy iafMr usg# us d'ehj dk elyk ;w-,u- esa ys tkus dh dh Fkh] ;g oSlh gh •wy gSA

mUgksaus ml le; le>k Fkk fd ;w-,u- ,d cM+k Qs;j Iys;j gksxk]blfy, og d'ehj ds elys dks ;qukbVsM us'ku esa ys x;s] mldk[kkfe;ktk ge vkt rd •qxr jgs gSaA vkt eueksgu flag th ;g le>x;s fd ;w-,l- ;w-,u- dk lcflVîwV gks ldrk gSA ;g ,Q,elhVh D;kgS] Conference on Disarmament at Geneva dk ;g b';q gSA varjkZ"Vªh;txr dk ;g b';q gS] blhfy, eYVhysVjy ,Q,elhVh dh ckr Fkh] ,deYVhysVjy phTk+ dks vki ckbZ&ysVjyh djds vk x;sA vki ;w-,u- dh•wfedk ls mldks ;w-,l- dh •wfedk rd ys x;sA lPpkbZ rks ;g gS fdlPpkbZ rks ;g gS fdlPpkbZ rks ;g gS fdlPpkbZ rks ;g gS fdlPpkbZ rks ;g gS fdvis{kkvksa] ok;nksa vkSj lE•koukvksa ls •jk gqvk ;g le>kSrkvis{kkvksa] ok;nksa vkSj lE•koukvksa ls •jk gqvk ;g le>kSrkvis{kkvksa] ok;nksa vkSj lE•koukvksa ls •jk gqvk ;g le>kSrkvis{kkvksa] ok;nksa vkSj lE•koukvksa ls •jk gqvk ;g le>kSrkvis{kkvksa] ok;nksa vkSj lE•koukvksa ls •jk gqvk ;g le>kSrkjk"Vªfgr ds iwjh rjg f[kykQ gS vkSj ;g ckr eSa ugÈ dg jgh gwaAjk"Vªfgr ds iwjh rjg f[kykQ gS vkSj ;g ckr eSa ugÈ dg jgh gwaAjk"Vªfgr ds iwjh rjg f[kykQ gS vkSj ;g ckr eSa ugÈ dg jgh gwaAjk"Vªfgr ds iwjh rjg f[kykQ gS vkSj ;g ckr eSa ugÈ dg jgh gwaAjk"Vªfgr ds iwjh rjg f[kykQ gS vkSj ;g ckr eSa ugÈ dg jgh gwaAesjs fy, rks og dgsaxs fd vki foi{kh cSapksa ij cSBh gSa] blfy, vkidksrks ;g ckr dguh gS] fojksèk ds fy, rks fojksèk djuk gh gSA ;g ckr •k•k;g ckr •k•k;g ckr •k•k;g ckr •k•k;g ckr •k•k,VkWfed fjlpZ lsaVj ds QkWjej Mk;jsDVj ,0,u0 çlkn us dgh,VkWfed fjlpZ lsaVj ds QkWjej Mk;jsDVj ,0,u0 çlkn us dgh,VkWfed fjlpZ lsaVj ds QkWjej Mk;jsDVj ,0,u0 çlkn us dgh,VkWfed fjlpZ lsaVj ds QkWjej Mk;jsDVj ,0,u0 çlkn us dgh,VkWfed fjlpZ lsaVj ds QkWjej Mk;jsDVj ,0,u0 çlkn us dghgSA ;g futh ppkZ esa ugÈ] lkoZtfud rkSj ij dgh gSAgSA ;g futh ppkZ esa ugÈ] lkoZtfud rkSj ij dgh gSAgSA ;g futh ppkZ esa ugÈ] lkoZtfud rkSj ij dgh gSAgSA ;g futh ppkZ esa ugÈ] lkoZtfud rkSj ij dgh gSAgSA ;g futh ppkZ esa ugÈ] lkoZtfud rkSj ij dgh gSA fl)kFkZoèkZjktu ,d i=dkj gSa] mUgksaus muls ckr dh vkSj mlds vkèkkj ij ,djkbV&vi fy[kkA

Mk0 ,u-çlkn us D;k dgk gS] eSa flQZ pkj ykbusa i<+dj crkrh gwaA"I shudder to think how we could have conceded such a thing", Dr.

A. N. Prasad, the former Director of BARC told this writer."It is

totally against the national interest". "India", he said, "would now

face the prospect of its capital FDI programme being undermined

and the cost of its nuclear programme dramatically escalated".

l•kifr th] Mk0 çlkn us ;g ckr •kokos'k esa ugÈ cksy nh] os bl çksxzkels tqM+s jgs gSaA ,d vk.kfod le>kSrs ij ,d ijek.kq oSKkfud ls csgrjvkSj çekf.kdrk ls dkSu O;fä cksy ldrk gS\ tks ckjhfd;ka ge ugÈle>rs] os Mk0 çlkn le>rs gSaA mUgksaus tks ;g ckr dgh gS] og blfy,dgh gS D;ksafd os tkurs gSa fd gekjk vk.kfod gfFk;kj dk;ZØe gekjhjk"Vªh; lqj{kk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA l•kifr th] gekjs nksuksa rjQ ,sls ns'k gSa&phu vkSj ikfdLrku& ftuls vrhr esa ge ;q) yM+ pqds gSaA vkt ;qxcny jgk gSA ge 'kkafr okrkZ dh igy dj jgs gSaA ge pkgrs gSa fd iM+kSlhns'k ls fj'rs vPNs gksaA geus igy dh] vVy fcgkjh oktis;h th pkbukgksdj vk,] ikfdLrku ls •h mUgksaus ckj&ckj] vlQy gksus ds ckotwn •hokrkZ,a tkjh j[kÈ ysfdu og vrhr gesa lkoèkkuh cjrus ds fy, psrkouhnsrk gS vkSj ;g mlh lkoèkkuh dk rdktk gS] ;g mlh lrdZrk dkrdkTk+k gS fd gekjk lqj{kk dop fdlh •h rjg ls <hyk ugÈ gksuk pkfg,vkSj mlh lqj{kk dop dks etcwr djus ds fy, 1998 esa vVy fcgkjhoktis;h th us igy dh FkhA 1974 esa Jherh xkaèkh us ØwM ,sDlIyksfloVsLV djok;k tks iks[kju&ou ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gSA og dk;ZØevkxs ugÈ c<+k] eSa vkt fcYdqy mu fMVsYl] mu rQlhykr~ esa ugÈ tkukpkgrh fd og vkxs D;ksa ugÈ c<+k ysfdu bruk t:j dguk pkgrh gwa fd1998 rd bruk vkxs c<+ x;k Fkk fd gekjs oSKkfudksa us {kerk tqVk yhFkhA gka] ijek.kq foLQksV djus dh vuqefr mUgsa ugÈ fey ik jgh FkhAysfdu vkt xoZ ls] ekFkk Åapk djds bl lnu esa [kM+s gksdj dg ldrhgwa fd tc ,uMh, dh ljdkj vk;h vkSj Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h çèkkuea=h cus] pan lIrkg ds •hrj mUgksaus og Qkby Dyh;j dh FkhA mUgksausiks[kju dh vuqefr nh FkhA l•kifr th] vVy fcgkjh oktis;h th usiks[kju foLQksV dh vuqefr blfy, ugÈ nh Fkh fd os 'kkafr esa ;dhu ugÈdjrs] blfy, ugÈ nh Fkh fd os fgalk ds i{kèkj gSa] blfy, ugÈ nh Fkhfd os ns'k dks ;q) dh •Îh esa >ksaduk pkgrs gSa cfYd blfy, nh Fkh fd

75 76

os tkurs Fks fd 'kkafr dh LFkkiuk ds fy, 'kfä dk lap; t:jh gksrk gSAjk"Vªdfo fnudj us dgk Fkk] dq#{ks=* mudh cgqr cM+h jpuk gS vkSj ;smudh cgqr pfpZr ykbus gSaA mUgksaus dgk Fkk %

{kek 'kks•fr ml •qtax dks ftlds ikl xjy gks]{kek 'kks•fr ml •qtax dks ftlds ikl xjy gks]{kek 'kks•fr ml •qtax dks ftlds ikl xjy gks]{kek 'kks•fr ml •qtax dks ftlds ikl xjy gks]{kek 'kks•fr ml •qtax dks ftlds ikl xjy gks]mldks D;k tks narghu] fo"k jfgr] fouhr ljy gksAmldks D;k tks narghu] fo"k jfgr] fouhr ljy gksAmldks D;k tks narghu] fo"k jfgr] fouhr ljy gksAmldks D;k tks narghu] fo"k jfgr] fouhr ljy gksAmldks D;k tks narghu] fo"k jfgr] fouhr ljy gksA

vxj vki 'kfä dk lap; djds ckr djrs gSa rks yksx lekurk ls ckrdjrs gSa ysfdu vxj vkids ikl 'kfä ugÈ gksrh rks nwljs vkidks detksjle>rs gSaA blfy, ;g dk;ZØe fd;k x;k Fkk] blfy, 1998 esa bldk;ZØe dks mUgksaus vuqefr nh Fkh ysfdu ml dk;ZØe dks vuqefr nsusds ckn vkt tc çèkku ea=h ogka x, rks ge yksxksa dks yxrk Fkk & D;ksafdos dgdj x, Fks fd eSa lsalVkbTk+ djus tk jgk gwaA gesa yx jgk Fkk fdos lsalVkbTk+ djds vk,axs fd gekjh •kSxksfyd ifjfLFkfr lef>,] gekjsvrhr dks nsf[k, vkSj gekjk U;wfDy;j esa ftEesnkjkuk fjdkWMZ nsf[k,AD;ksafd Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us ;g ckr iks[kju foLQksV djokus dsckotwn dgh Fkh] ge igyk okj ugÈ djsaxsA ge fdlh •h xSj ijek.kqlEié jk"Vª ij okj ugÈ djsaxsA ;g ckr •kjrh; laLdfr ds ;q) ds fu;eksals esy [kkrh gSA gekjs ;q) ds fu;eksa esa fy[kk gS] ge d•h fugRFks ijokj ugÈ djrs vkSj 'kL=èkkjh ds lkFk okj djrs gSa] yM+kbZ yM+rs gSa vkSjmldk 'kL= fxj tkrk gS rks 'kL=èkkjh viuk 'kL= fxjkdj yM+rk gS &;s gSa •kjrh; laLdfr ds ;q) ds fu;eA fdlds rgr ;s nks Äks"k.kk,amUgksaus dh FkÈ\ geus ns'k dks ijek.kq 'kfä lEié jk"Vª cuk;k Fkk ysfduiwjh ftEesnkjh lsA gesa yxrk Fkk fd os lsalVkbTk+ djds vk,axs rksU;wfDy;j oSiu LVsV dk ntkZ •h ysdj vk,axsA ysfdu os rks Lo;aMhlsalVkbTk+ gksdj vk x,A os rks ogka tkdj •wy x, fd jk"Vª ds fgrdh t:jr D;k gS] ns'k dh lqj{kk dh vko';drk D;k gSA igys fnu [kcjvk;h Fkh] irk ugÈ vkius og i<+h ;k ugÈ fd •kjr dks vesfjdk usijek.kq lEié jk"Vª dk ntkZ ns fn;k gSA

lp ekfu,] cgqr [kq'kh gqbZ Fkh] cgqr T;knk [kq'kh gqbZ FkhA çèkkuea=hth us bruh cM+h pht gkfly dj yh] iydsa fcNkdj mudk LokxrdjsaxsA ysfdu vxys gh fnu vesfjdk dh rjQ ls DysfjfQds'ku vk x;k]ftlesa mUgksaus dgk fd geus mudks U;wfDy;j oSiu LVsV ugÈ ekukA geusrks mudks ekuk gS] responsible State with advanced nuclear

technology.esjh le> esa ugÈ vk;k fd ;g D;k gS\ eSaus Qksu mBk;k vkSjtloUr flag th dks Äqek;kA tloUr flag th] eSa U;wfDy;j oSiutloUr flag th] eSa U;wfDy;j oSiutloUr flag th] eSa U;wfDy;j oSiutloUr flag th] eSa U;wfDy;j oSiutloUr flag th] eSa U;wfDy;j oSiuLVsV rks tkurh gaw] ysfdu ;s LVsV rks tkurh gaw] ysfdu ;s LVsV rks tkurh gaw] ysfdu ;s LVsV rks tkurh gaw] ysfdu ;s LVsV rks tkurh gaw] ysfdu ;s responsible State with advanced

nuclear technology D;k gksrk gS\ blls gesa D;k vfèkdkj feysD;k gksrk gS\ blls gesa D;k vfèkdkj feysD;k gksrk gS\ blls gesa D;k vfèkdkj feysD;k gksrk gS\ blls gesa D;k vfèkdkj feysD;k gksrk gS\ blls gesa D;k vfèkdkj feysgSa\ tSlk mudk Lok•ko gS] mUgksaus dgk fd vfèkdkj rks feys gSaAgSa\ tSlk mudk Lok•ko gS] mUgksaus dgk fd vfèkdkj rks feys gSaAgSa\ tSlk mudk Lok•ko gS] mUgksaus dgk fd vfèkdkj rks feys gSaAgSa\ tSlk mudk Lok•ko gS] mUgksaus dgk fd vfèkdkj rks feys gSaAgSa\ tSlk mudk Lok•ko gS] mUgksaus dgk fd vfèkdkj rks feys gSaAeSaus dgk fd D;k feys gSa\ cksys fd ftl dejs esa U;wfDy;j oSIiueSaus dgk fd D;k feys gSa\ cksys fd ftl dejs esa U;wfDy;j oSIiueSaus dgk fd D;k feys gSa\ cksys fd ftl dejs esa U;wfDy;j oSIiueSaus dgk fd D;k feys gSa\ cksys fd ftl dejs esa U;wfDy;j oSIiueSaus dgk fd D;k feys gSa\ cksys fd ftl dejs esa U;wfDy;j oSIiuLVsV~l dh ehfVax gks jgh gksxh] ogka cjkens esa cSBus dk vfèkdkjLVsV~l dh ehfVax gks jgh gksxh] ogka cjkens esa cSBus dk vfèkdkjLVsV~l dh ehfVax gks jgh gksxh] ogka cjkens esa cSBus dk vfèkdkjLVsV~l dh ehfVax gks jgh gksxh] ogka cjkens esa cSBus dk vfèkdkjLVsV~l dh ehfVax gks jgh gksxh] ogka cjkens esa cSBus dk vfèkdkjvkidks fey tk,xkAvkidks fey tk,xkAvkidks fey tk,xkAvkidks fey tk,xkAvkidks fey tk,xkA eSaus dgk fd vki D;k dg jgs gSa\ mUgksaus dgkfd Bhd gh rks dg jgk gwa] D;ksafd rqe vfèkdkj iwN jgh gksA rks cjkensesa cSBus dk vfèkdkj gksxk] exj dejs esa >kadus dh btktr ugÈ gksxhAtc ge iwNrs gSa fd vki ,slk D;ksa djds vk,\ rks dgk tkrk gS fd gekjsikl minimum credible nuclear deterrent gS D;k t:jr gS] vxj bZèkuds fy,] flfoy dk;ZØe ds fy, ;s dfeVesaV~l dj •h fn, tk,a rks blesaijgst D;k gS\ gesa ;g dgk tkrk gS] ;g crk;k tkrk gSA l•kifr th]minimum credible nuclear deterrent ,d fjysfVo VeZ gSA vkids gkFkesa ykBh gS rks esjs gkFk dh ykBh deterrent gSA vkids gkFk esa fiLrkSy gSrks esjs gkFk dh canwd deterrent gS] adequate deterrent gSA ysfdu vxjvkids gkFk esa ,ds&47 gS rks esjh 303 dh jkW;Qy deterrent ugÈ gSAgfFk;kjksa esa vkmV MsfVM] vkWClksyhV;s VElZ gksrh gSa] ;s jsysosaV gksrh gSaAvki dgrs gSa fd fefuee ØsfMcy U;qfDy;j MsVsjsaV gSA blfy, vkidksdksbZ •h dfeVesaV dj nsus ls dksbZ xqjst ugÈ gSA vki D;k dfeVesaV djdsvk, gSa\ eSaus dgk Fkk fd bu 'krks± ds] bu dfeVesaV~l ds nq"ifj.kke] eSacrkÅaxhA vki igyk dfeVesaV djds vk, gSa fd vki vius flfoy vkSjU;qfDy;j fefyVªh çksxzke dks vyx&vyx dj nsaA D;k ;g bruk vklkugksxk] dj ik,axs vki] ;g\ Mk- çlkn ls T;knk rks bldks dksbZ ugÈtkurkA os Lo;a v.kq oSKkfud gSaA eSa Mk- çlkn dk ,d dksV i<+djlqukrh gwa] tks mUgksaus bl lsçs'ku ds ckjs esa dgk gS] "Today, the Indian

deterrent is maintained by incremental efforts for existing civilian

nuclear facilities around the country and not just the two research

reactors at BARC, Dhruva and Cirus. We produce what we need

for the military programme at any given time and leave the rest for

the civilian use. Having dedicated facilities will terribly raise the

cost of the weapons' programme". mUgksaus ;g dgk gSA gekjk flfofy;u

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vkSj fefyVªh çksxzke bruk baVj fyaDM gS] bruk T;knk baVj fyaDM gS] vxjeSa dgwa fd og eka vkSj cPps dh uky dh rjg umbilical cord dh rjgtqM+k gqvk gS] rks og xyr ugÈ gksxkA vki tks ¶;wy flfofy;u QSlsfyVhesa Mkyrs gSa] mlds osLV ls vki fefyVªh çksxzke pykrs gSaA vkids tkslkbafVLV flfofy;u {ks= esa dke djrs gSa] ogh lkbafVLV fefyVªh esa dkedjrs gSaA nks çksxzke vyx&vyx ugÈ gSaA eSaus tloUr flg th ls iwNkFkk fd D;k ge bldks vyx dj ldrs gSa] rks mUgksaus dgk fd eventually

vyx dj ik,axsA eventually rks umbilical cord •h VwVrh gS] ysfdu dcVwVrh gS\ tc ckyd x•Z esa 9 ekg dk gks tkrk gSA tc og Lo;a[kkus&ihus yxrk gSA ml le; Lo;a MkDVj vkdj rksM+rk gS umbilical

cord dks] vkSj vyx&vyx djrk gS eka vkSj cPps dksA ysfdu vxj dksbZvkdj ds dgs fd ncko esa ;g umbilical cord dkV nks rks cPpk rks ejrkgh gS lkFk esa eka dks •h [krjk iSnk gks tkrk gSA vkius eventually dhckr ugÈ dh gS] vkius MsM ykbu lSVdj nh gSA vkius dgk gS fd budfeVesaV~l dk fjO;w rc gksxk tc çsftMsaV cq'k ;gka vk,axsA çsftMsaV cq'k2006 esa ;gka vk,axs] exj fnlEcj 2006 esa ugÈ vk,axsA

mudh ;k=k dh tks rkjh[ksa r; gks jgh gSa os tuojh ls ekpZ ds chpr; gks jgh gSaA vxj eSa ekpZ •h ysdj pywa rks fdrus eghus gSa vkids ikl\vxLr esa ge [kM+s gSa] flrEcj] väwcj] uoEcj] fnlEcj] tuojh vkSjQjojhA vxj os tuojh esa vk x, rks dsoy pkj eghus\ D;k brus çs'kjesa vki bl flfoy fefyVªh çksxzke dks vyx dj ik,axs\ fudksyl cuZ usigys gh dg fn;k vkSj dy fQj ,d v[kckj esa nksgjk fn;k fd igysvki dfeVesaV iwjh dhft,] fQj ge laln ds ikl tk,axsA mudk dgukLok•kfod •h gS] D;ksafd vejhdh laln ,sls gh ikl ugÈ dj nsrhA ogiwNsxh] crkb,] •kjr ljdkj us fdruh dfeVesaV iwjh dhA rc rks oglaln esa çLrko Lohdkj djus ds fy, ysxh] ml ij lgefr nsxh fd ugÈ];g lokfy;k fu'kku yx jgk gSA vkius rks MsM ykbu lsV dj nh vkSjdg fn;k fd vki bls ml le; fjO;w djsaxs] ftl le; jk"Vªifr cq'k vkjgs gSaA ysfdu fudksyl cuZ [kqn flrEcj esa vk jgs gSa] flrEcj esa vkdjos vkils iwNsaxs fd vkus ds ckn vkius fdruh çxfr dhA lsijs'ku dk ;gtks çksxzke vki ekudj vk, gSa] ;g gekjs iwjs fefyVªh çksxzke dks èkjk'kk;hdj nsxk] èoLr dj nsxkA

nwljh ckr vkius eku yh] og ;g fd vki vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ds lkeusviuh lkjh flfoy U;qfDy;j QsflfyVht eksfuVfjax vkSj fujh{k.k dsfy, j[k nsaxsA QsflfyVht dk eryc dsoy fj,DVj ugÈ gSA vkidksekywe gS fuxjkuh vkSj fujh{k.k fdldk gksxkA os iwjs flfoy U;qfDy;j¶;wy lkbdy dh eksfuVfjax djsaxsA tks ;wjsfu;e ekbUl ls 'kq: gksrk gSvkSj U;qfDy;j fj,DVj rd igqaprk gS] os ;wjsfu;e ekbUl dh baLisD'kudjsaxs] ¶;wy Qsfczds'ku IykUV~l dk fujh{k.k djsaxs] LisaV ¶;wy LVksjst dhbaLisD'ku djsaxs] U;qfDy;j fj,DVlZ dh baLisD'ku djsaxsA eSa iwNuk pkgrhgwa] gekjs ;gka tks iaæg fj,DVlZ gSa] muesa ls ikap vkWyjsMh vkbZ-,-bZ-,- dslsQxkM~lZ esa gSa] vki r; dj ysrs fd tks ckdh ds •fo"; esa yxsaxs]vejhdk dh enn ls yxsaxs] mudks ge vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ds lsQxkM~lZ esa Mkynsaxs] ysfdu ckdh ds nl fj,DVlZ] ftuesa vejhdk dk èksyk ugÈnl fj,DVlZ] ftuesa vejhdk dk èksyk ugÈnl fj,DVlZ] ftuesa vejhdk dk èksyk ugÈnl fj,DVlZ] ftuesa vejhdk dk èksyk ugÈnl fj,DVlZ] ftuesa vejhdk dk èksyk ugÈyxk] ftlesa vejhdk dh jkbZ] jŸkh rduhd ugÈ yxh] og gekjsyxk] ftlesa vejhdk dh jkbZ] jŸkh rduhd ugÈ yxh] og gekjsyxk] ftlesa vejhdk dh jkbZ] jŸkh rduhd ugÈ yxh] og gekjsyxk] ftlesa vejhdk dh jkbZ] jŸkh rduhd ugÈ yxh] og gekjsyxk] ftlesa vejhdk dh jkbZ] jŸkh rduhd ugÈ yxh] og gekjsoSKkfudksa dh tek iwath gS] mudh ckSf)d laink gS] vki ml tekoSKkfudksa dh tek iwath gS] mudh ckSf)d laink gS] vki ml tekoSKkfudksa dh tek iwath gS] mudh ckSf)d laink gS] vki ml tekoSKkfudksa dh tek iwath gS] mudh ckSf)d laink gS] vki ml tekoSKkfudksa dh tek iwath gS] mudh ckSf)d laink gS] vki ml tekiwath dks D;ksa fxjoh j[k vk,\ vki gekjs oSKkfudksa dk fd;k èkjkiwath dks D;ksa fxjoh j[k vk,\ vki gekjs oSKkfudksa dk fd;k èkjkiwath dks D;ksa fxjoh j[k vk,\ vki gekjs oSKkfudksa dk fd;k èkjkiwath dks D;ksa fxjoh j[k vk,\ vki gekjs oSKkfudksa dk fd;k èkjkiwath dks D;ksa fxjoh j[k vk,\ vki gekjs oSKkfudksa dk fd;k èkjkD;ksa ikuh dj vk,\ vkius ;g 'krZ dSls eku yh\D;ksa ikuh dj vk,\ vkius ;g 'krZ dSls eku yh\D;ksa ikuh dj vk,\ vkius ;g 'krZ dSls eku yh\D;ksa ikuh dj vk,\ vkius ;g 'krZ dSls eku yh\D;ksa ikuh dj vk,\ vkius ;g 'krZ dSls eku yh\ fQj vkius ekufy;k fd vki ,Mh'kuy çksVksdkWy lkbu djsaxsA D;k gS ;g ,Mh'kuyçksVksdkWy\ vkius [kqyklk ugÈ fd;k gSA vkius dgk fd ekusaxs •h] lkbu•h djsaxs] ,Mfg;j Vw] vey •h djsaxsA ml ,Mh'kuy çksVksdkWy ds çkoèkkuD;k gksaxs\ vxj ;g ,Mh'kuy çksVksdkWy ekWMy çksVksdkWy gksus okyk gSrks eSa vkids ekè;e ls lnu dks psrkouh nsuk pkgrh gwa fd cgqr •;adjçkoèkku ekWMy çksVksdkWy ds gSaA vki tkurs gSa ekWMy çksVksdkWy flfoyvkSj fefyVªh ds chp esa ,d Qk;j okWy [kM+h djrk gSA og ;g dgrk gSfd vki eSVhfj;y rks NksfM+,] viuk áweu fjlkslZ •h VªkalQj ugÈ djldrsA ;kuh vxj vkids flfoy U;qfDy;j QsflfyVh ij dksbZ ,drduhf'k;u] dksbZ bathfu;j vkt dke dj jgk gS vkSj vki pkgsa fd dymldk rcknyk djds vki fefyVªh esa •st nsa rks vki ugÈ •st ldrsAvki og •h ugÈ •st ldrs gSaA D;k vki ,slk ekWMy çksVksdkWy lkbudjsaxs\ tc cq'k us ;g xqatkb'k j[k yh Fkh fd eSa laln esa tkÅaxk] lalnls iwNwaxk rks vki ;g xqatkb'k D;ksa ugÈ j[k ik,\ •kjr foÜo dk brukcM+k yksdra= gS] •kjr lalnh; tura= dk çrhd gS] vki •h dgrs fdeSa viuh laln ls iwNwaxkA laln dk l= gksus okyk FkkA vki ;gka okil

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vk,] 18 rkjh[k dks vkius lkbu fd;k] 25 ls laln dk l= 'kq: gksx;kA mUgksaus viuh laln dh e;kZnk j[k yh] ysfdu vki laln NksfM+,]vki vius dSfcusV ls •h iwNdj ugÈ x,A crkb,] D;k vkius dSfcusVdh ehfVax cqykbZ Fkh vkSj ;g ppkZ dh Fkh\ D;k vkius lh-lh-,l-¼dsfcusV desVh vkWu flD;ksfjVh½ dh ehfVax cqykbZ Fkh] mlesa ppkZ dh Fkh\D;k vkius lh-lh-ih-,- ¼dsfcusV desVh vkWu iksfyfVdy vQs;lZ½ dhehfVax cqykbZ Fkh] mlesa ppkZ dh Fkh\ D;k vkius ofj"B lg;ksfx;ksa lsppkZ dh Fkh\ esjh rks tkudkjh gS fd vkius vius ofj"B lg;ksfx;ksa ls•h ckr ugÈ dhA D;k vkius ÄVd nyksa ls ckr dh Fkh\ vkius viuslg;ksxh nyksa rd ls ckr ugÈ dhA vkSj vki ;g djds pys vk,A vkiusfdlh ls ckr ugÈ dhA fcuk fdlh ls ckr fd, gq, vki pkj vfèkdkjhlkFk ys x, vkSj mu pkj vfèkdkfj;ksa ds lkFk cSBdj vkius lkSnk djfn;k] mu pkj vfèkdkfj;ksa ds lkFk cSBdj vkius le>kSrk fy[k fn;kA

eSa iwNuk pkgrh gwa fd ;g le>kSrk djus ds ckn vkidks feyk D;k\vki rks flD;ksfjVh dkmafly dk nkok ysdj x, Fks] cgqr mEehnsa trkdjx, Fks fd flD;ksfjVh dkmafly esa vkidh nkosnkjh dh ckr vejhdkekusxk] ysfdu vkids eqag ij mlus uk^ dj nhA ;g Bhd gS fd vkt lsigys •h d•h vejhdk us gka ugÈ dgh Fkh] ysfdu uk^ djus dh fgEer•h og ugÈ tqVk ik;k FkkA og ;gh dgrk Fkk & ns[ksaxs] dj jgs gSa] ns[kjgs gSa] ckr djsaxs] vkidk nkok rks gS] vPNk gS] vki Xykscy ikoj •h gSa]emerging power •h gSa] ge vkids nkos ds ckjs esa lksp jgs gSa]^ ysfduvkidks rks mUgksaus lhèkh&likV ^uk^ dj nh vkSj nwljs ns'k dk uke •hÄksf"kr dj fn;k ftldks flD;ksfjVh dkmafly ds fy, os leFkZu nsus okysgSaA mUgksaus dgk fd ge rks tkiku dk lkFk nsaxsA Mk- eueksgu flag]iatkch dh ,d dgkor eSa vkidks crkuk pkgrh gwa &

^nqfu;k eunh tksjk uwa] y[k ykur gS deTk+ksjk uwaA^vxj nqfu;k >qdrh gS rks rkdroj ds vkxs >qdrh gSA deTk+ksj ds

vkxs ugÈ >qdrh] deTk+ksj dh rks ckr •h ugÈ ekurhA ;g dgkor iatkcds xkao&xkao esa dgh tkrh gS] og eSaus dgh gS] eSaus dsoy dgkor dghgSA eSa vkidks crkuk pkgrh gwa fd dsoy rkdroj dh ckr nqfu;k lqurhgSA vejhdk dk áweu jkbV~l esa D;k VªSd fjdkWMZ gS\

eSa bl lnu esa [kM+s gksdj iwNuk pkgrh gwa fd bZjkd vkSj vQxkfuLrku

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esa rckgh epkus ds ckotwn vejhdk áweu jkbV~l dk iSjksdkj curk gS]ekuokfèkdkjksa dk iSjksdkj curk gSA ikfdLrku dks csrgk'kk gfFk;kjksa lsySl djus ds ckn] ikfdLrku fujL=hdj.k dk iSjksdkj curk gS] disar-

mament dh nqgkbZ nsrk gSA ikfdLrku ls iÈxsa c<+kus ds ckn] og MseksØslhdh ckr djrk gS] vkradokn ls yM+us dh ckr djrk gSA rkfycku tSls•Leklqj iSnk djus ds ckn og VSjfjTe+ ls yM+us dh ckr djrk gS] ysfdudkSu iwNs mlls\ dksbZ ugÈ iwNrk] dksbZ ugÈ tku ldrk] D;ksa\ lejFkdks ufga nks"k xqlkb± & og leFkZ gS] og rkdroj gS] rks vki •h derkdroj ugÈ gSaA eq>s ugÈ ekywe fd ikVÊ esa vkidh rkdr D;k gS] D;kugÈ] og vki tkusa] og vkidh O;fäxr gSfl;r gS] ysfdu tc vki ,dçèkkuea=h ds ukrs tkrs gSa] rks vki 100 djksM+ ds ns'k ds çèkkuea=h gSaA tcvki tkdj •kjr dk çfrfufèkRo djrs gSa] rks 100 djksM+ ls T;knk yksxvkids ihNs drkj ckaèkdj [kM+s jgrs gSaA vki D;ksa deTk+ksj iM+ x,\ vki,d ,slk le>kSrk djds vk, gSa] tks le>kSrk bfrgkl esa bl rjg lsfy[kk tk,xk fd vkus okyh ihf<+;ka fdUrq vkSj ijUrq djrs gq, my>tk,axh] igys rks vki Lo;a my>saxs] tc vejhdk vk,xk vkSj tc mudsfjçStsaVsfVo cSBsaxs rks vki dgsaxs & "No, I didn't mean this, I meant

that. esjk eryc ;g ugÈ Fkk] esjk eryc ;g Fkk] vkius xyr le>k]ge rks ;g dguk pkgrs FksA^ tks phtsa vki ekudj vk, gSa] vkus okyhihf<+;ksa ds fy, blesa ls fudyuk eqf'dy gks tk,xkA eSaus dgk fd •;adj•wy ds rkSj ij ;g nTk+Z gksxk] tc big blunders fy[ks tk,axs] ljnkjljnkjljnkjljnkjljnkjeueksgu flag] eSa vkils dguk pkgrh gwa fd vxj vki foÜo esaeueksgu flag] eSa vkils dguk pkgrh gwa fd vxj vki foÜo esaeueksgu flag] eSa vkils dguk pkgrh gwa fd vxj vki foÜo esaeueksgu flag] eSa vkils dguk pkgrh gwa fd vxj vki foÜo esaeueksgu flag] eSa vkils dguk pkgrh gwa fd vxj vki foÜo esaviuh gSfl;r cjdjkj j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks viuh rkdr] viuhviuh gSfl;r cjdjkj j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks viuh rkdr] viuhviuh gSfl;r cjdjkj j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks viuh rkdr] viuhviuh gSfl;r cjdjkj j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks viuh rkdr] viuhviuh gSfl;r cjdjkj j[kuk pkgrs gSa] rks viuh rkdr] viuh'kfä vkSj viuh lkeF;Z dks cpkdj jf[k,A eq>s ;g ckr dgrs gq,'kfä vkSj viuh lkeF;Z dks cpkdj jf[k,A eq>s ;g ckr dgrs gq,'kfä vkSj viuh lkeF;Z dks cpkdj jf[k,A eq>s ;g ckr dgrs gq,'kfä vkSj viuh lkeF;Z dks cpkdj jf[k,A eq>s ;g ckr dgrs gq,'kfä vkSj viuh lkeF;Z dks cpkdj jf[k,A eq>s ;g ckr dgrs gq,xoZ gS fd geus ml lkeF;Z dks tqVkus esa cgqr cM+h •wfedk vnkxoZ gS fd geus ml lkeF;Z dks tqVkus esa cgqr cM+h •wfedk vnkxoZ gS fd geus ml lkeF;Z dks tqVkus esa cgqr cM+h •wfedk vnkxoZ gS fd geus ml lkeF;Z dks tqVkus esa cgqr cM+h •wfedk vnkxoZ gS fd geus ml lkeF;Z dks tqVkus esa cgqr cM+h •wfedk vnkdh gS] vki ml lkeF;Z dks cjckn er dfj,]dh gS] vki ml lkeF;Z dks cjckn er dfj,]dh gS] vki ml lkeF;Z dks cjckn er dfj,]dh gS] vki ml lkeF;Z dks cjckn er dfj,]dh gS] vki ml lkeF;Z dks cjckn er dfj,] ojuk vkus okyh uLysadsoy vki ij ugÈ] cfYd ge ij •h QfCr;ka dlsaxh vkSj gedks •hdkslsaxhA

cgqr&cgqr èkU;oknA n

jk"Vªfgr ls le>kSrk u djs;wih, ljdkj % ;'koar flUgk

xr~ 17 vxLr 2006 dks jkT;lHkk esa Hkkjr&vejhdkukfHkdh; le>kSrk ij vYidkfyd ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs gq,Hkktik ds lkaln ;'koar flUgk ,oa v#.k 'kkSjh us vusdiz'u [kM+s fd,A mUgksaus tksjnkj 'kCnksa esa laizx ljdkj dkspsrk;k fd ukfHkdh; le>kSrk esa jk"Vªh; fgrksa ls le>kSrku fd;k tk,A ge ;gka muds Hkk"k.kksa dk lkj izdkf'kr djjgs gSaA

gekjh fons'k uhfr dh •kafr gekjk ijek.kq dk;ZØe •h lnSo jk"Vªh;lgefr ij vkèkkfjr jgk gSA •kjr ds çFke çèkkuea=h iafMr tokgjykyusg: vkSj ç[;kr ijek.kq oSKkfud] Jh gkseh •k•k us •kjr ds fy, rhupj.k okyk ukf•dh; dk;ZØe rS;kj fd;k FkkA •kjr dk dk;ZØe iw.kZrkSj ij Lons'kh dk;ZØe gSA •kjr ds oSKkfudksa dh oSKkfud l{kerk us•kjr dks ;g xkSjo gkfly djk;k gSA ge d•h •h fons'kh çkS|ksfxdh ijfu•Zj ugÈ jgs gSaA geus ijek.kq vçlkj lafèk ij gLrk{kj ugÈ fd;s D;ksafdlafèk esa fo|eku •sn•ko ds ge f[kykQ FksA 1974 ds ijh{k.kksa ls lewphvarjkZ"Vªh; ukf•dh; O;oLFkk dh LFkkiuk gqbZ ftlesa ls vfèkdrj •kjrdks fu;a=.k ds vèkhu j[kus dh ckr ij vkèkkfjr gSA tc geus 1998 esaijek.kq ijh{k.k fd,] rc gesa vkfFkZd {ks= esa vejhdh çfrcaèkksa dk lkeukdjuk iM+k vkSj foÜo ds fof•é ns'kksa ls çfrcaèkksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+kAijarq n<+ ladYi vkSj lkgl ls fdlh •h fons'kh 'kfä ;k fdlh vkSj dsle{k >qds fcuk mu pqukSfr;ksa ij geus ikj ik;kA eSa vius ny dh vksjls ;g dguk pkgw¡xk fd ge 18 tqykbZ] 2005 ds le>kSrs dk fojksèk djrsgSa vkSj ;g fd geus bl le>kSrs dk 'kq: ls gh fojksèk fd;k gSA geus blle>kSrs dk fojksèk fd;k D;ksafd ge ;g ekurs Fks fd bldk vk'k; •kjrds ukf•dh; gfFk;kj dk;ZØe dks jksduk FkkA

1998 ds ijh{k.kksa dh lokZfèkd egŸkk bl ckr dh Fkh fd geus 'ks"kfoÜo dks ;g çnf'kZr dj fn;k Fkk fd •kjr j.kuhfrd Lok;Ÿkrk dhladYiuk esa foÜokl djrk gSA vkt foÜo dks •kjr ds bl ijek.kqfl)kar ds ckjs esa lansg ugÈ gS vkSj eSa bl ckr ls cgqr larq"V gw¡ fd blljdkj us •h gekjs }kjk cuk;s x;s ijek.kq fl)kar dks Lohdkj fd;k gSftlesa rhu ckrsa FkÈA ge foÜoluh; U;wure fuokjd ds ckjs esa ckr djjgs gSa D;ksafd gekjs fuokjd mik; dh foÜoluh;rk l•h dher ij vkSjl•h le; cuk;s j[kh tkuh pkfg,A ;g ,d ,slh ckr gS ftls •kjrfdlh dks •h lefiZr ugÈ dj ldrk gSA geus 18 tqykbZ ds le>kSrs dkfojksèk fd;k D;ksafd geus ;g eglwl fd;k fd blesa •sn•ko fd;ktk;sxkA •kjr dh laln dks iFkôj.k dh ykxr ds ckjs esa ugÈ crk;kx;k gSA geus bldk •h fojksèk fd;k D;ksafd vxys gh fnu ls vejhdkdh rjQ ls bl le>kSrs ds ckjs esa vyx&vyx O;k[;k;sa lkeus vkusyxÈA Jherh lq"kek Lojkt us çèkkuea=h dks fiNyh ppkZ ds nkSjku ;gckr Lej.k djk;h Fkh fd bl le>kSrs dh fodV vkSj vyx&vyx çdkjdh O;k[;k;sa dh tk;saxhA

•kjr vk;kfrr fj,DVj vkSj vk;kfrr b±èku ds cy ij ÅtkZ lqj{kkdSls cuk ldrk gS\ D;k ge ml ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds fy, vk;kr ij uktqd:i ls fu•Zj ugÈ gks tk;saxs\ foÜys"kdksa us fof•é lzksrksa ls fctyhmRiknu dh ykxr dh rqyuk dh gSA vk;kfrr ijek.kq fj,DVj dh ykxrçfr esxkokV 10 djksM+ #i;s vkrh gSA ;g vR;ar eagxh ÅtkZ gSA 2020rd 20]000 vfrfjä esxkokV ds mRiknu ds fy, bl ns'k dks 2 yk[kdjksM+ #i;s dk fuos'k djus dh vko';drk gksxhA ;wjsfu;e ds ckjs esaD;k fLFkfr gS ftldk vk;kr djus dk çLrko gS\ ;wjsfu;e ds ewY; xr,d o"kZ esa 21 vejhdh Mkyj ls c<+dj 36 vejhdh Mkyj gks x;k gSvFkkZr~ blesa 70 çfr'kr dh o`f) gks xbZ gSA ,d ç[;kr oSKkfud] Mk-,- xksikyd".k us gky gh esa ;g dgk gS fd gesa fof•é lzksrksa ls fo|qrmRiknu ds mŸke xq.kkRed lfEeJ.k ds ckjs esa fu.kZ; ysuk pkfg,Açèkkuea=h dk;kZy; us ,d i"B•wfe fVIi.kh tkjh fd;k Fkk fd •kjr dks,d ukf•dh; gfFk;kj laEié ns'k ds :i esa ekU;rk nh tk;sxhA ijarqvejhdk ds vfèkdkfj;ksa us ckj&ckj ;g dgk gS fd *gekjh le> nks"kiw.kZgS*A ge ehfM;k vkSj vU;= bl ckr dks i<+ jgs gSa fd ge 18 tqykbZ]

83 84

2005 ds le>kSrs ls f•é fdlh •h ckr dks Lohdkj ugÈ djsaxsA ijarqfdruh gh ,slh ckrsa gks pqdh gSa tks bl le>kSrs ls esy ugÈ [kkrh gSaA geusdM+h iFkôj.k ;kstuk Lohdkj dj yh gS tks ukf•dh; gfFk;kj lEiéns'kksa ij ykxw ugÈ gksrh gSA geus lqj{kksik; le>kSrs dks lnk ds fy,Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA fdlh •h ukf•dh; gfFk;kj lEié jkT; us d•h•h fdlh •h nkf;Ro dks lnk ds fy, Lohdkj ugÈ fd;k gSA blesa dksbZ•h ikjLifjdrk okyh ckr ugÈ gSA

gesa ;g yx jgk Fkk fd gekjs QkLVczhMj dk;ZØe dks lqj{kksik; dsvèkhu ugÈ yk;k tk;sxkA ijarq vki çèkkuea=h }kjk bl l•k esa mfYyf[krnLrkost dks if<+,A blesa dgk x;k gS fd •fo"; esa l•h xSj&lSfudQkLVczhMj fj,DVj dks lqj{kksik; ds vèkhu yk;k tk;sxkA D;k ;gmldh fojksèkh ckr ugÈ gSA ge lqj{kksik; le>kSrs vkSj ,d vfrfjäçksVksdksy dh ekQZr~ vius QkLVczhMj dk;ZØe dks vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ds vUroZsèkhfujh{k.k ds varxZr D;ksa yk jgs gSa\ ljdkj dks bl l•k dks bl ckjs esaLi"Vhdj.k nsuk gksxkA okLrfod fLFkfr ;g gS fd vejhdh dkaxzsl dsgkml vkWQ fjçastVsfVo us bl foèks;d dks ikfjr dj fn;k gSA vafre :iesa foèks;d gekjs fy, mlls •h vfèkd fodV :i esa gksxk ftldh ge blle; dYiuk dj jgs gSaA ns'k ds vfèkdre ç[;kr ijek.kq oSKkfud] j{kkfoÜys"kd vkSj vU; tkudkj yksx bldk fojksèk D;ksa dj jgs gSa\ os bldkfojksèk blfy, dj jgs gSa D;ksafd ge ;g eglwl djrs gSa fd çèkkuea=h}kjk nksuksa lnuksa dks vkSj bl ns'k ds yksxksa dks fn;s x;s vkÜokluksa dksvejhfd;ksa }kjk iwjh rjg ls rksMk x;k gSA

•kjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrk ijek.kq vçlkj ds ckjs esa gSA ;gijek.kq ÅtkZ ds ckjs esa ugÈ gSA gekjh lqfoèkkvksa dk foPNsnu vesfjdk dhvksj ls vlSfudksa vkSj lSfudksa ds chp fd;k x;k gSA vesfjdh dkaxzsl dkstc d•h foPNsnu ;kstuk çLrqr dh tk,xh] og fu.kZ; ysus dh ctk;mldks jksd ysxhA lkbjl ,DlisjhesaVy fj,DVj dks 2010 rd can djnsus dh Äks"k.kk djus dh D;k t:jr Fkh\ vilkjk ds b±èku dksj dksorZeku txg ls cnyus dh D;k t:jr Fkh\ vkius ,slk D;ksa fd;k ;fnvki ij ncko ugÈ gS\ •kjr dks ijek.kq 'kó jk"Vª ds :i esa ekU;rk ugÈnh tk jgh gSA ijek.kq ijh{k.k lacaèkh fujarjrk ij ;g çfrcaèk yxkrk gStks lh Vh ch Vh ds ckgj gSA gekjh laç•qŸkk ds D;k&D;k çrhd gSaA gekjh

fons'k uhfr] gekjs ijek.kq dk;ZØe dh Lok;Ÿkrk gekjh laç•qŸkk ds çrhdgSaA •kjrh; laln dks vesfjdh dkaxzsl ds cjkcj vfèkdkj çkIr ugÈ gSaAijUrq •kjrh; laln dks fQj •h laç•qŸkk çkIr gSA ge iqLrdky; tkrs gSa]viuh lan•Z lsokvksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSa] vkSj vius lekpkj i=kas lsm)j.k çkIr djrs gSaA •kjrh; laln ds lnL;ksa dks ;gh lqfoèkk,a çkIrgSaA tgka rd gekjk lacèk gS] ge vesfjdk ds lkFk lkefjd vkSj nksLrkuklacaèk cukus ds f[kykQ ugÈ gSaA ijUrq ,sls lacaèk laç•qrk dh uÈo]ikjLifjdrk vkSj vkilh lEeku ij vkèkkfjr gksus pkfg,A bZjku ds ekeysesa ftl rjg ls geus nks&nks ckj oksV Mkys] mlls rks bl lansg dh iqf"Vgksrh gSA

ge ekax djrs gSa fd fdlh •h rjg ds flfoy ijek.kq lg;ksx djkjesa •kjr dks fcuk ckèkk igqapk, vkSj fcuk fdlh 'krZ ds ijek.kq b±èku dhvkiwfrZ fd, tkus dh O;oLFkk gksuh pkfg,A gekjh flfoy ijek.kqlqfoèkkvksa dk fujh{k.k dsoy r•h rd gks ldrk gS tc rd ;g le>kSrkcjdjkj jgsxk] •kjrh; lkefjd uhfr vkSj fons'k uhfr ds fodYiksa esa iwjhrjg vktknh gksxh] lqfuf'pr rkSj ls jk"Vªh; lqj{kk vkèkkjksa ij djkj dksrksM+us dk •kjr dks vfèkdkj gksxkA gekjs dqN ijek.kq oSKkfudksa us blle>kSrs dk fojksèk fd;k gSA vc çèkkuea=h mUgsa cqykdj muls ckr djustk jgs gSaA gesa mudh lykg vo'; ekuuh pkfg,A mudh lykgksa dksgYds ls ugÈ ysuk pkfg,A ge yksx bl l•k esa ;g ekax djrs jgs gSa fdgesa •kjrh; laln ds ladYi ds •koksa dks vo'; ysuk pkfg,A laln dsnksuksa lnuksa dh ,d la;qä lalnh; lfefr xfBr djuh pkfg, tks blladYi ds dk;kZUo;u dh ns[kjs[k djsxhA blls dqN •h de ij •kjrh;laln larq"V ugÈ gksus tk jgh gSA

;g le>kSrk •kjr dks ,d xSj&fujóhdj.k<kaps ds •hrj yk ldrk gS % v#.k 'kkSjh

okLro esa] ;g mu eqíksa esa ls ,d gS] tks vxys 50 o"kks± rd ns'k ds•kX; dk fu.kZ; djsaxsA eSa vkSj ;gka ekStwn çR;sd lnL; la;qä jkT;lfgr l•h ns'kksa ds lkFk lg;ksx djus dk fgek;rh gSA vUrr%] ;fn ;g

85 86

ç;kl lQy gks tkrk gS] rks •kjr bl {ks= esa •h lqj{kk ds fy, la;qäjkT; dh N=&Nk;k Lohdkj djus ds fy, foo'k gksxkA la;qä jkT;vejhdk ds •kjr ds lacaèk esa pkj mís'; gSaA igyk] fdlh u fdlh rjg•kjr dks *,u-ih-Vh-* dks ekuus ds fy, rS;kj djuk gS] pkgs vki ml ijgLrk{kj u djok ldsaA

nwljk eqík ;g gS fd •kjr dks xSj&ijek.kq 'kó okys jkT; ds :iesa lqj{kksik;ksa dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, rS;kj fd;k tk,A mudk rhljkmís'; ;g gS fd •kjr dks lh-Vh-ch-Vh- dh 'krs± vo'; ekuuh pkfg,ApkSFkh ckr ;g gS fd la;qä jkT; •kjr tSls ,d ns'k dh ijek.kq {kerkdks jksdus] mls ihNs djus vkSj varr% mls lekIr djus dk bjknk j[krkgSA vc bl foèks;d ds }kjk mu mís';ksa dks çkIr fd;k tk jgk gSA •kjresa dk;Zikfydk varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrs dj ldrh gS vkSj laln dsoy ml ijppkZ dj ldrh gS] ysfdu] vesfjdh foèkk;h çfØ;k esa bldk fcYdqymYVk gksrk gSA varjkZ"Vªh; le>kSrksa ds ekeys esa lhusV ds ikl vafrevfèkdkj gksrk gSA tqykbZ] 18 dk le>kSrk dsoy ,d vk'k; lacaèkh oäO;gSA blesa dqN •h i<+k tk ldrk gSA

18 tqykbZ ds le>kSrs ds rRdky ckn nks fnu ds •hrj çèkkuea=hdk;kZy; us mldh i"B•wfe tkjh dhA ;g dgk x;k fd ge mlh çdkjdk ntkZ vkSj lqj{kksik; gkfly djsaxs tSlk fd ,d ijek.kq 'kó lEiéjk"Vª dks çkIr gksrk gSA •kjr dh vksj ls ,d çèkku ckrphrdrkZ ds :iesa mUgksaus dgk fd gekjk mís'; ,d ijek.kq 'kó lEié ns'k ds :i esaekU;rk çkIr djuk gS vkSj ml lacaèk esa dksVs'ku gS *u blls T;knk vkSju blls de*A vU; ckrksa ds lkFk gesa ;g crk;k x;k fd ;g le>kSrkÅtkZ ds lacaèk esa gS vkSj fdlh •h ifjfLFkfr esa bl le>kSrs dk vFkZ ;gugÈ gS fd •kjr dks mlds ijek.kq 'kó dk;ZØe dks jksdus ds fy, ckè;djsxkA dksaMkfytk jkbl us vejhdh lnu esa dgk fd •kjr d•h •hijek.kq vçlkj lafèk dk ,d i{k ugÈ jgk gS vkSj ;g le>kSrk •kjr dks,d xSj&fujóhdj.k <kaps ds •hrj yk ldrk gS vkSj blls bl {ks= dhlqn`<+rk c<+sxhA ;gh mudk mn~Äksf"kr mís'; gSA

Mk- dLrwjhjaxu us dgk fd ;g ,Q-,e- lh-Vh- ,d cgq&ns'kh;le>kSrk gS ftlds fy, gesa çrh{kk djuh gksxhA mUgksaus viuh foèkku dhèkkjk 3¼[k½¼7½ esa ;g dgk gS fd vejhdk dk mís'; •kjr dks bl ckr ds

fy, çksRlkfgr djuk gksxk fd ;g vius fQfly inkFkks± ds mRiknu esao`f) u djs tksfd cgqi{kh; foyacu dk yafcr dk;kZUo;u gSA ,slk ugÈgS fd os ;g lc djus tk jgs gSa vfirq] os ;g lqfuf'pr dj jgs gSa fdleLr ijek.kq lIykbZdrkZ xzqi ,d gksdj ns'k ij vuq'kklu j[ksaxs rkfdmuds mís';ksa dh çkfIr gks ldsA blfy, os ;g dg jgsa gSa fd ge vkiij vuq'kklu ykus vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djus tk jgs gSa fd l•h 45 ns'kksadk dkWVZy bl dk;Zokgh dks djsA ;g ijek.kq •sn•ko dh uho gS ftldkl`tu fd;k tk;sxkA muds foèks;d dh èkkjk 4¼x½¼2½¼Ä½ esa dgk x;k gSfd vejhdk •kjr dks bl ckr ds fy, çksRlkfgr djus ds fy, dnemBk;sxk fd •kjr bl ckr dh igpku djs vkSj ml frfFk dh Äks"k.kk djstc rd og ,di{kh; :i ls ijek.kq 'kóksa ds fy, fQfly inkFkks± dkmRiknu jksdus dh bPNk j[krk gSA fu%lansg vejhdh jk"Vªifr dks bUgÈfn'kk&funZs'kksa vkSj vfuok;Z dkuwuksa ij caèkdj dk;Z djuk gksrk gSA lhusVfoèks;d gh vafre foèks;d gSA lhusV dks gh ;g 'kfä çkIr gS fd ogvejhdh jk"Vªifr }kjk gLrk{kfjr lafèk vFkok le>kSrksa esa lqèkkj dj ldsvFkok mls vLohdkj dj ldsA

èkkjk 103¼9½ esa ;g dgk x;k gS fd •kjr dks ijek.kq b±èku ds fu;kZrls mls xSj&flfoy mís';ksa gsrq fQfly inkFkkZsa ds mRiknu esa fdlh •hçdkj çksRlkgu vFkok o`f) çkIr ugÈ gksxhA ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ [kaM gSD;ksafd ,u-ih-Vh- ds vuqPNsn 1 ds varxZr ;g dgk x;k gS fd ns'k blçdkj dk dksbZ dk;Z ugÈ djsxk ftlls vU; ijek.kq 'kó jfgr jk"Vªksa dksijek.kq 'kó çkIr djus esa çR;{k vFkok vçR;{k :i ls enn fey ldsAvejhdh jk"Vªifr gsrq bu ckrksa ds vkèkkj ij dk;Z djuk vfuok;Z gSAdksaMkfytk jkbl us dgk gS fd ge •kjrh;ksa ds lkFk bl ckr esa iwjh rjgLi"V gSa fd lqj{kksik;ksa dk LFkk;hdj.k fcuk 'krZ ds gSA

vr%] bl ckr dks lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, ,d dkVZsy dk xBu fd;ktk jgk gS] rkfd •kjr ,d bap •h bl {ks= esa vkxs u c<+ ldsA ge ÅtkZlqj{kk dh ckr dj jgs gSaA gj dksbZ ;g tkurk gS fd ;wjsfu;e dh dhersanks o"kks± esa 300 çfr'kr rd c<+ xbZ gSaA ijUrq] bldk fu;a=.k rsy ls •hT;knk 'kfä'kkyh dkVZsy }kjk fd;k tkrk gSA vkLVªsfy;k] phu dks;wjsfu;e dh fcØh dj jgk gS] ijUrq mlus •kjr dks bldh fcØh djusls euk dj fn;k gS D;ksafd ;g çcaèku dk ,d fgLlk gSA egRoiw.kZ eqík

87 88

;g gS fd vki ;g vk'kk dj jgs gSa fd vejhdh ç'kklu bl lacaèk esa dqNdjsxkA ;g dsoy ,d QsaVslh gSA

geus vius nks frgkbZ fj,DVjksa dks igys gh bu lqj{kksik;ksa ds vUrxZrlkSai fn;k gSA cq'k ç'kklu us dgk gS pwafd l•h u;s fj,DVj bUgÈlqj{kksik;ksa ds vUrxZr vk jgs gSa] 'khÄz gh •kjr vius 90 çfr'kr fj,DVjlqj{kksik;ksa ds vUrxZr lkSai nsxkA bu ih&5 ns'kksa esa dqy 217 ijek.kqfj,DVj gSaA muesa ls dsoy 11 fj,DVj lqj{kksik;ksa ds vUrxZr gSaA vejhdkesa 104 ijek.kq fj,DVj gSa] ftuesa ls dsoy 5 fj,DVj lqj{kksik;ksa dsvUrxZr gSa vkSj vejhdk ij ykxw u;kpkj dgrk gS fd ;g ,d LoSfPNdis'kd'k le>kSrk gksxkA vr%] ;g •kjr fof'k"V dh ,d dksjh dYiukek= gSA vkbZ-,-bZ-,- u;kpkj esa Lo;a gh bl ckr dk dksbZ fodYi ugÈNksM+k x;k gS fd bl çdkj dh ckrphr dh fLFkfr mRié gks] tSlk fdge lksp jgs gSaA

vr%] bUgÈ l•h dkj.kksa ls eSa eglwl djrk gwa fd ;g fof'k"Vle>kSrk 'kk;n cgqr gh lksp&fopkj dj yk;k x;k gSA ijUrq] ge ÅtkZ{ks= esa nks rjQ ls fÄj x;s gSaA ÅtkZ {ks= esa ge vk;kfrr fj,DVjksa rFkkvk;kfrr b±èku ds Åij fu•Zjrk ds fcYdqy djhc gSa vkSj nwljs lqj{kk {ks=esa ge vius gh {ks= esa thfor jgus ds fy, vejhdk dh ijek.kq ifjfèk dsvkfJr cuus tk jgs gSaA ;g ,d vPNk le>kSrk ugÈ gS vkSj eSa çèkkuea=hth ls xa•hjrkiwoZd vihy djrk gwa fd di;k bl ekeys ij iqufoZpkjdjsaA eSa bl ckjs esa vkils vkSj ljdkj ls ;g vkxzg djrk gwa fd d`i;kbl fof'k"V le>kSrs dks ,d O;fäxr çfr"Bk dk ç'u u cuk;saA n

gesa ;g le>kSrk vLohdk;Zgesa ;g le>kSrk vLohdk;Zgesa ;g le>kSrk vLohdk;Zgesa ;g le>kSrk vLohdk;Zgesa ;g le>kSrk vLohdk;Z

gS % Mk- tks'khgS % Mk- tks'khgS % Mk- tks'khgS % Mk- tks'khgS % Mk- tks'kh

Hkktik lkaln ¼jkT; lHkk½ rFkk iwoZ ekuo lalkèkufodkl ea=h MkWå eqjyh euksgj tks'kh }kjk

29 twu] 2006 dks tkjh oDrO;

Hkktik rHkh ls tc 18 tqykbZ] 2005 dks oDrO; tkjh gqvk Fkk]ijek.kq le>kSrs dh fo"k;oLrq ds ckjs esa vkSj ftl rjg <ax ls blle>kSrs dks vafre :i fn;k tk jgk gS] mlds ckjs esa viuh xaHkhj fpark,aO;Dr dj jgh gSA tSls gh blds ckjs esa ?kVukØe ls inkZ mBk] rSls ghbl le>kSrs ds ckjs esa gekjh vk'kadk,a lgh lkfcr gqbZ gSa] ftlus Hkkjrij nqoZg çfrcaèk yxk fn, gS rFkk ftldks Hkkjr ds lSfud rFkk flfoy{ks=ksa esa ijek.kq fodYiksa dks nqcZy cukus vkSj ijek.kq ÅtkZ ds vuqç;ksxds lHkh vfHkØeksa ds fy, vesfjdk ij lrr~ :i ls vkfJr jgus ds fy,vfHkdfYir fd;k x;k gSA

bl le>kSrs dks lgh vkdkj nsus ds fy,] ç;qDr gqbZ Hkk"kk vkSj bllEcUèk esa iwjh dh tkus okyh 'krks± rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj ds {ks=ksa esa ckn esaO;Dr lq[k&cksèk ij n`f"V Mkyus ij ;g iwjh rjg Li"V gks tkrk gS fdvesfjdh okrkZdkj Hkkjr dks lh-Vh-ch-Vh- ç.kkyh esa Q¡lkus vkSj mlfQ+lkby eSVhfj;y dV&vkWQ VªhVh ij mldks gLrk{kj djus ds fy,etcwj djus esa iwjh rjg lQy gks x, gS] ftldk çk:i vesfjdk us gkygh esa ftusok esa deh'ku vkWu fMLvkekZesaV esa çLrqr fd;k FkkA

çèkkuea=h us laln ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj vusd voljksa ij dgk Fkk fdÞ;wuhysVjy eksjsVksfj;e vkWu U;wfDy;j VsfLVaxß ls ckgj tkus dk dksbZç'u gh ugha gS] fdarq vesfjdh gkÅl vkWQ fjçstsUVsfVo~l dh vUrjkZ"Vªh;

89 90

lEcUèk lfefr }kjk Lohdr foèks;d fo"k;d çR;qŸkj esa bl ckr dk Li"VmYys[k gS fd ;fn Hkkjr dksbZ ijek.kq ijh{k.k djrk gS rks ÞçsflMsaf'k;yosojß fu"çHkkoh gks tk,xkA ;g çR;{kr% ÞØsfMfcy fefuee MsVsjsUVß dkscuk, j[kus dh Hkkjr dh {kerk ij jksd yxkus vkSj gekjh ÅtkZ Lora=rkds fy, xaHkhj ladV iSnk djus dh ,d pky gSA

Hkkjr ljdkj us bl ckjs esa vkSj Hkkjr ds lkFk ijek.kq lg;ksx ijvesfjdh fcy ls mRié gksus okys dbZ vU; eqíksa ij vHkh rd viuk Li"VvfHker O;Dr ugha fd;k gSA jk"Vª pkgrk gS fd ljdkj dks bl le>kSrsdks vafre :i fn, tkus ds rjhdksa ds ckjs esa mBh lHkh 'kadkvksa dks nwjdjuk pkfg,A

Hkktik ds erkuqlkj %1½ ÞdksbZ ijh{k.k ughaß ;g opuc)rk Hkkjr dh ÞØsfMfcy fefuee

MsVsjsaVß j[kus dh {kerk dks iwjh rjg fu"Qy dj nsxh rFkk lnk ds fy,,d vfr'k; fupys rduhdh Lrj ij rFkk ikfdLrku ds lkFk lnSo dhcjkcjh ds Lrj ij tdM+dj j[k nsxh+ \

2½ Mªk¶V ,Q-,e-lh-Vh- ¼ftlesa dksbZ lR;kiu [kaM ugha gS] ftl ijHkkjr ljdkj ges'kk ls cy ns jgh Fkh½ ls Hkkjr dk fQ+lkby eSfVfj;yvfèkdkj fldqM+dj lnSo ds fy, NksVk gks tk,xk \

3½ Hkkjr ds fu%Lrst gq, MsVsjsaV QkslZ ds ifj.kkeLo:i bl ns'k dksxaHkhj vkikr fLFkfr;ksa esa vesfjdh lkefjd 'kfDr ij vkfJr jguk iM+sxkD;ksafd og fdlh Hkh ,sls ns'k ds fo:) U;wfDy;j lSfud 'kklu ds le{kviuk cpko djus esa lQy ugha gksxk] tks bl rjg ls iaxq ugha cuk;kx;k gS rFkk tks vius Hkw] ok;q rFkk ty vkèkkfjr ijek.kq cyksa dk Rofjrxfr ij fuekZ.k djus esa yxk gSA bl çdkj Hkkjr ¼viuh c<+rh gqbZvkÆFkd 'kfDr ds dkj.k½ viuh lqj{kk ds fy, vesfjdk dk igys uEcjdk vkfJr cudj jg tk,xkA

4½ xr dqN eghuksa ds nkSjku lkeus vk, ?kVukØe ls çèkkuea=h dslaln dks fn, x, bu vk'okluksa dh iqf"V ugha gksrh gS fd ;g ijek.kqle>kSrk ikjLifjdrk rFkk lekurk ds fl)karksa ij vkèkkfjr gS\

lekurk dk dgha dksbZ ladsr ugha feyrk gS rFkk foèks;d ds fofHké[kaMksa ls Hkkjr dks ÞU;wfDy;j oSiu LVsVß ds :i esa vkSipkfjd :i ls ekustkus dk dksbZ ç'u gh ugha gS] cfYd blds foijhr Hkkjr ,u-ih-Vh-

ç.kkyh ds rgr fofèkr% ÞukWu~ U;wfDy;j oSiu LVsVß ds :i esa ekus tkusds fy, lger Hkh gks x;k gSA

çèkkuea=h us dgk Fkk fd ;g le>kSrk Hkkjr dh ÅtkZ vko';drkvksads lEcUèk esa jk"Vªifr cq'k ds lkFk fopkj&foe'kZ ls mHkjdj vk;k gSAHkktik us psrkouh nh Fkh fd bl le>kSrs ls Hkkjr vesfjdk ij ÅtkZ gsrqvkfJr gks tk,xkA bl ckjs esa foŸkh; rFkk ÅtkZ nsunkfj;ksa ds ckjs esafuEufyf[kr ifjn`'; mHkjdj vkrk gS%

1½ Hkkjr dks Ng 1000MW Iyl ,ufjPM ;wjsfu;e fj,sDVj [kjhnusgksaxs] ftudh vxys 20 o"kks± esa ykxr 50 fcfy;u MkWyj gksxhA ;gINDUèCANDU ikWoj la;=ksa ds yxkrkj fuekZ.k ij gksus okys [kpZ dsvfrfjDr gS] fdarq dqy feykdj lHkh U;wfDy;j lzksrksa ls iSnk gqbZ fctyh2020 esa ns'k esa iSnk gqbZ ldy ÅtkZ ds 6 çfr'kr vfèkd ugha gksxh ¼vktds 3 çfr'kr dh rqyuk esa½A

2½ fQj Hkh bZaèku dh dksbZ xkjaVh ugha gSA lsØsVjh dksUMkfyt+k jkblus dgk gS fd le>kSrs esa Hkkjr ds ,di{kh; mŸkjnkf;Roksa dk vesfjdk¼vkSj blhfy, bl ckjs esa fdlh vU; ,u-,l-th- jkT;½ }kjk bZaèku dhlIykbZ djus ls dksbZ ysuk&nsuk ugha gSA bldk vFkZ ;g gS fd u dsoy50 fcfy;u MkWyj dh gkfu iDdh gS ¼;fn Hkkjr iqu% ijh{k.k djrk gSD;ksafd og Hkfo"; esa ,slk djus ds fy, foo'k gks ldrk gS & vFkokle>kSrs dh fdlh vU; O;oLFkk dk mya?ku djrk gS½ cfYd blls us'kuyfxzM esa fctyh dh 6000&8000MW ds djhc ,dk,d gkfu Hkh gqbZ gSA fxzMesa fctyh dh ,slh çikr gkfu c<+rh gqbZ] ferO;f;rk ds lanHkZ esa ÞvikSpqZfuVhdkWLV~lß vifjes; gSA

3½ vkSj varr%] D;k ldy ÅtkZ mRiknu esa vUrj bruk vfèkd gSfd og ns'k dh U;wfDy;j lSfud {kerkvksa dks nqcZy djus dk vkSfpR;Bgjk lds\

bl çdkj Hkkjr dks iwjh rjg ÅtkZ&vkfJr cuk fn;k x;k gS rFkkfj,DVj vkSj b±èku vko';drkvksa rFkk Hkkjh Hkqxrkuksa ds pØ esa Q¡lk fn;kx;k gSA vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ds lkFk Hkkjr fof'k"V j{kksik;ksa lEcUèkh foe'kZ dksLohdkj djus ls vusd Hkkjrh; ijek.kq 'kksèk laLFkku Hkkjh vUrosZèkh rFkk?kksj fo[kaMudkjh fujh{k.kksa ds vèkhu gks tk,axs] ftudk fufgrkFkZ ;g gSfd gekjk dksbZ Hkh vFkok gekjs lHkh ekSfyd vuqlaèkku tfVy vkbZ-,-bZ-

91 92

,- ds vfèkdkjh&ra= dks 'kkflr dj jgs 65 lnL;h; c`gr cksMZ vkWQxojulZ dh leh{kk vFkok iqujh{kk ds rgr vk ldrs gSA blls] Hkkjr dsfoKkfu;ksa dh Lok;Ÿkrk iw.kZr% èoLr gks tk,xh] ftUgksaus flfoy rFkklSfud nksuksa rjg ds Lora= ijek.kq dk;ZØeksa dks fuÆer djus ds fy,vFkd ifjJe dh vkèkh 'krh vÆir dh gSA Hkkjrh; foKku ds bl fouk'kdks dHkh Hkh Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

mDr foèks;d us dqN ubZ voèkkj.kk,a çLrqr dh gS] ftudk la;qDroDrO; esa dksbZ mYys[k ugha gSA blesa nf{k.k ,f'k;k rFkk phu ckjs esavesfjdh uhfr vkSj Hkkjr] ikfdLrku rFkk phu x.kjkT; }kjk ijek.kqfoLQksV gsrq fQ+lkby eSfVfj;y ds mRiknu ij jksd yxkus dh ckr dghxbZ gSA bl foèks;d dk vk'k; ;g gS fd Hkkjr dh ijek.kq uhfr dksgfFk;kjksa dk çlkj u djus lEcUèkh çeq[k fons'k uhfr vfHkØeksa ds lkFktksM+ fn;k tk,xkA

;g lHkh ckrsa jk"Vªifr cq'k rFkk çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag }kjk tkjhfd, x, la;qDr oDrO; ds 'kCnksa rFkk ewy&Hkkouk ds çfrdwy gSaA

laçx ljdkj us lqn`<+ jk"Vªh; lEefr }kjk iksf"kr Hkkjr ds ijek.kqdk;ZØe lEcUèkh eqíksa ij jk"Vªh; lgefr fodflr djus ds fl)kar dksiwjh rjg frykatfy ns nh gSA laçx ljdkj dks Hkkjr ds foKkfu;ksa rFkkvU; dÆe;ksa }kjk fd, x, vFkd ifjJe dks u"V djus dh vuqefr ughanh tk ldrh gS] ftUgksaus vUrjkZ"Vªh; txr esa Hkkjr ds fy, xkSjo dkLFkku vÆtr fd;k gSA ,slk gj le>kSrk vLohdk;Z gS] tks gekjs ijek.kqfoKkfu;ksa ds dk;Z esa gLr{ksi djus dh vuqefr nsrk gSA

Hkkjrh; turk ikVÊ iqu% tksj nsdj dgrh gS fd ,slk le>kSrkvLohdk;Z gS rFkk blls Hkkjr dHkh Hkh Hkfo"; esa caèkdj ugha jg ldrkgSA

n

ijek.kq le>kSrk lafoèkkuijek.kq le>kSrk lafoèkkuijek.kq le>kSrk lafoèkkuijek.kq le>kSrk lafoèkkuijek.kq le>kSrk lafoèkkuds f[kykQ % Mk- tks'khds f[kykQ % Mk- tks'khds f[kykQ % Mk- tks'khds f[kykQ % Mk- tks'khds f[kykQ % Mk- tks'kh

ofj”B Hkktik usrk ,oa iwoZ dsUæh; ea=h Mk- eqjyh euksgjtks’kh dh lekpkj i= ^jk”Vªh; lgkjk* ds

laoknnkrk dh ckrphrA

& Hkkjr vkSj vesfjdk ijek.kq lafèk vc lkoZtfud gks xbZ gSA vkidhigyh izfrfdz;k D;k gS\

lcls igyh ckr rks eq>s ;g dguh gS fd 18 tqykbZ 2005 dks gekjsizèkkuea=h vkSj vesfjdh jk"Vªifr ds chp tks le>kSrk gqvk gS] ;g mldsvuq:i ugha gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, mlesa fy[kk Fkk fd Hkkjr ukfHkdh;'kL= laiUu ¼U;wDyhu;j ohiu LVsV½ ns'k ekuk tk,xk ysfdu ,slk ughagks jgkA vesfjdk ds vfèkdkjh vkSj dkaxzsl ds lnL;ksa us dgk fd Hkkjrdks ukWu&U;wDyh;j ohiu LVsV gh ekuk tk,xkA vkt rks ge Lora= gSaAgekjs ukfHkdh; dk;Zdze Lora= gSa] ge ijek.kq ce ijh{k.k dj ldrs gSaaysfdu ,d ckj ukWu&U;wDyh;j LVsV dh Js.kh esa vk x,] geus vius dks,uchVh vkSj lhVhchVh ls tksM+ fy;k] rks dkgs dh Lora=rkA vHkh dgktk jgk fd le>kSrs esa gekjs lkjs ljksdkjksa dks è;ku esa j[kk x;k gS] ysfdu;g dSls gks ldrk gSA D;ksafd ^gkbM ,DV* esa gekjs Åij izfrcaèk gSAv;axj lkgc vkSj tfLVl v:;j us lHkh lkalnksa dks i= Hkstk gS ftlesafy[kk gS fd bl gkbM ,DV& 2006 ls gekjh laizHkqrk vkSj ukfHkdh;xfrfofèk;ka fxjoh gks tk,axhA

93 94

lk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkjlk{kkRdkj

& vkf[kj bl le>kSrs ls fdldks Qk;nk gqvk\vesfjdk dksA& D;k Qk;nk gqvk\gtkjksa yksxksa dks ukfHkdh; l;a=ksa esa dke feysxkA ukfHkdh; laLFkkvksa

vkSj m|ksxksa dks Qk;nk feysxkA mUgsa lcls cM+k Qk;nk ;g feysxk fdHkkjr mudk fiNyXxw cu tk,xkA fons'k uhfr esa Hkh vkSj lkefjd uhfresa HkhA bZjku ls ckr er djks] dksfj;k ls lacèak er j[kksa vkfn ckrsa gksaxhA

& Hkkjr dks D;k uqdlku gksxk\gekjs ukfHkdh; m|ksx cckZn gks tk,axsA mUgsa vejhdh daifu;ksa ds

lkFk la;qDr m|e yxkuk gksxk vkSj oSKkfud o rduhf'k;u Hkh vejhdhgksaxsA gekjk ukfHkdh; O;kikj can gks tk,xkA le>kSrs esa lkQ fy[kkx;k gS fd ge ijek.kq lkexzh dk O;kikj ugha dj ldrsA lafoèkku eas gesaewy vfèkdkj gS fd gesa O;kikj djus dh Lora=rk gSA bl izdkj ls gekjkewy vfèkdkj Hkh fNu tk,xkA

& ;g dgk tk jgk gS fd bl le>kSrs ls Hkkjr dh ÅtkZ dh vko';drkiwjh gksus esa enn feysxh\

,slk ugha gSA blls gekjh ÅtkZ vko';drkvksa esa uke ek= dh o`f)gksxhA

& ,d ckr mB jgh gS fd ljdkj us ijek.kq lafèk djus ls igys Hkkjrh;laln us dkuwu ugha cuk;k tcfd vejhdk us gkbM dkuwu&2006* cukfn;k gSA

eSa Hkh ;g ckr dguk pkgrk gwa fd le>kSrk Hkkjrh; lafoèkku dsf[kykQ gqvk gSA lafoèkku dh èkkjk 73 esa fy[kk gS fd ftu eqÌksa ij jkT;ljdkjsa dkuwu cuk ldrh gSa mu ij dsUnz gLr{ksi ugha dj ldrkAvuqlwph 254 esa fy[kk gS fd varjjk"Vªh; djkj dks Lohdkj djus ls igysHkkjrh; laln dks dkuwu cukuk pkfg,A ysfdu bl ekeys esa dkuwu ughacuk;k x;kA Hkkjr dks gh gkbM dkuwu ls pyuk gksxkA lafoèkku esa dkuwucukus dh O;oLFkk blfy, dh xbZ rkfd dksbZ ljdkj jk"Vª fojksèkh QSlysu ys ldsA

& vxj le>kSrk ;k lafèk esa brus lkjs [kksV gSa rks D;k etcwjh jgh gksxhftlds dkj.k ljdkj us lafèk ij gLrk{kj fd,\

;g ljdkj vkSj gekjs izèkkuea=h iwjh rjg ls vejhdk ds izHkko eaMy

vkSj ncko esa vk pqds gSaA vejhdk ds ijek.kq m|ksx dk ncko vejhdhljdkj ij gSA mUgsa cktkj pkfg,A Hkkjr ,d cM+k cktkj gSA vejhdkdks Hkkjr tSlk cktkj ugha feysxkA ijek.kq ce bjku Hkh cuk jgk gS]ikfdLrku Hkh cuk jgk gS vkSj mÙkjh dksfj;k Hkh cuk jgk gSA bu lcdktks O;ogkj jgk gS og vla;fer] vuq'kklughurk dk jgk gSA mu ijizfrcaèk ugha gS ysfdu Hkkjr ij izfrcaèk D;ksa\ blfy, fd Hkkjr esa izfrHkkgSA og ,d vkRefuHkZj 'kL= laiUu jk"Vª cu ldrk gSA Hkkjr dk Fkksfj;epdz ij oSKkfud vuqlaèkku py jgk gSA gsoh okVj fj;sDVj cukus dk dkepy jgk gSA ftl fnu ;g iwjk gks tk,xk ml fnu Hkkjr dks ;wjsfu;eds >a>V esa iM+us dh t:jr gh ugha iM+sxhA ;g Hkh gks ldrk gS fd mlesackèkk Mkyh tk jgh gksA

& le>kSrs ds ckn D;k ge vk;kfrr ;wjsfu;e ij fuHkZj jgsaxs vkSjfdlh vU; ns'k ls [kjhnkjh ugha dj ldrs\

[kjhn ldrs gSaA U;wfDy;j lIykbZ xqzi ls [kjhn ldrs gSa ysfdumldk fglkc nsuk iM+sxkA mldk ukfHkdh; dpjs dk Hkh fglkc nsukiM+rk gSA

& lafèk dk lSfud dk;Zdzeksa ij D;k vlj iM+sxkA D;k ;g lafèk iwjhrjg ls Hkkjr ds fgr esa ugha gS\

iwjh rjg ls ugha dg ldrs ysfdu lSU; dk;Zdze ds fgr esa ugha gSAvHkh ge ce cuk ldrs gSaA ;g fuHkZj djsxk gekjh vko';drk D;k gSAysfdu vc gesa nwljksa ij fuHkZj jguk gksxkA gekjh ukfHkdh; uhfr gS fd^dzsfMfcy fefue fMVjsal* ;kuh fo'oluh; U;wure izfrjksèk {kerkA blesage ifjorZu dj ldrs gSaA n

95 96

ijek.kq le>kSrs ij mBs lokyijek.kq le>kSrs ij mBs lokyijek.kq le>kSrs ij mBs lokyijek.kq le>kSrs ij mBs lokyijek.kq le>kSrs ij mBs loky

jkT; lHkk esa foi{k ds usrk Jh tloar flag }kjk

5 ekpZ dks tkjh izsl oDrO;

2 ekpZ 2006 dks tktZ cq'k rFkk izèkkuea=h Mk- eueksgu flag us rFkkHkkjr us viuh j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh dks vkxs c<+kus esa cM+h izxfr dh gSAbl oDrO; esa dgk x;k gS fd ge nksuksa us lQyrkiwoZd Hkkjr ds ijek.kqlaLFkkuksa dks nks fgLlksa esa ckaV dj vc ge ^ijek.kq lg;ksx ij 18 tqykbZds la;qDr oDrO;** esa nh xbZ viuh izfrcn~èkrk dks iwjh rjg ls dk;kZUo;udjus dh fn'kk esa c<+ pys gSaA

bl oDrO; ds dbZ vusd egÙoiw.kZ igyw Hkh gSa] ftuesa vkfFkZdle`f)( O;kikj] vFkZO;oLFkk ds {ks= esa ubZ [kkstsa rFkk Kku( fo'o&lqj{kkrFkk laj{k.k( yksdra= rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; pqukSfr;ksa tSls eqÌs Hkh 'kkfey gSaA

Hkktik us vesfjdk ds lkFk j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh dh izfdz;k 'kq: dhFkh] ftls rRdkyhu izèkkuea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h us Hkkjr dk^^LokHkkfod fe=** dgk Fkk] blfy, ge bl ij larks"k izdV dj ldrsgSaA ;g la;qä oDrO; bl ckr dh Li"V iqf"V gS fd orZeku ;wih, ljdkjHkktik&jktx ljdkj }kjk vesfjdk ds lkFk j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh dksizxk<] foLrkj rFkk etcwr lEcUèk cukus dh fn'kk esa dh xbZ igy ij pyjgh gSA izsthMs.V cq'k vkSj izèkkuea=h eueksgu dh ?kks"k.kk egÙoiw.kZ gSAHkktik&jktx us blh fn'kk dh vkSj viuh lEiw.kZ uhfr rS;kj dh Fkh] 2ekpZ dh la;qä ?kks"k.kk esa blh uhfr dks dsUnz cukdj bldh iqf"V dh xbZgSA

bl egÙoiw.kZ ?kks"k.kk ij ;FkkFkZ :i ls fuèkkZj.k] ewY;kdau vkSjfVIi.kh dk ,d ek= vkèkkj jk"Vªh; fgr dks j[kk x;k gSA bl vkèkkj ij]ge ekurs gSa fd ljdkj us nks egÙoiw.kZ fcUnqvksa ij vkReleiZ.k fd;k gS%

1- vkt orZeku vFkok fuekZ.kkèkhu dqy 22 ijek.kq la;a=ksa esa ls ,dfrgkbZ ls Hkh de la;a= vFkkZr~ 6 la;a=ksa dks lqj{kk iznku dh xbZ gSAljdkj us ftu la;a=ksa dks vyx&vyx djus dh ;kstuk rS;kj dh gS]le>k tkrk gS fd mlds dkj.k nks&frgkbZ ijek.kq fo|qr la;a= vkbZ,bZ,dh lqj{kk esa pys tk,axsA Li"V gS fd blds dkj.k 'kL=k'kL= iz;kstuksads fy, miyCèk fo[k.Mu lkexzh vFkkZr~ fQlkby esVhfj;y esa i;kZIrfjDr LFkku cpk jgsxkA

2- 18 tqykbZ 2005 ds ckn] ljdkj us yxkrkj bl ckr dk izpkjfd;k gS fd Hkkjr dks ijek.kq lEiUu jk"Vª dh ekU;rk iznku dj nh xbZgSA le>k tkrk gS fd ljdkj us vius bl le>kSrs esa flfofy;u ijek.kqfj,DVjksa dks vkbZ,bZ, dh lqj{kk esa fpjUru dky ds fy, j[k fn;ktk,xk] tks Li"V gh bl izpkj ds foijhr fLFkfr iSnk djrk gSA

Hkktik dk ekuuk gS fd bu ?kks"k.kkvksa ds ewY;kadu esa ¼okf'kaxVu dh18 tqykbZ ds le>kSrs] 2 ekpZ dh ?kks"k.kk rFkk bl eqÌs ij vejhdh rFkkHkkjrh; vfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk tkjh fofHkUu oDrO;½ tks ekun.M Li"V :i lslkeus vkrs gSa] muesa fuEufyf[kr lHkh ckrksa dk lekos'k jguk t:jh gSA^^jk"Vªh; fgr**] j.kuhfrd Lok;Ùkrk( U;wure fo'oluh; fuokjd {kerk(vkSj Hkkjr }kjk fu.kZ; ysus dh Lok;Ùkrk] pkgs og ijek.kq vFkok vU;fdlh fo"k; ij gks( blds vykok Hkh bl {ks= rFkk vU; mPp rduhdh{ks=ksa esa viuh {kerkvksa] lalkèkuksa rFkk VsDuksykWft;ksa dks rS;kj djus ,oavkj ,aM Mh }kjk fujUrj laoèkZu djus ij cy nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA

blfy, ge ljdkj ls lkoèkkuh cjrus] Li"Vhdj.k rFkk iz'u djukt:jh le>rs gSa%lkoèkkuh

ebZ 1998 ijh{k.k ds ekè;e ls geus tks j.kuhfrd Lok;Ùkrk izkIrdh Fkh] mls u rks de fd;k tk,] u gh fdlh Hkh rjg ls bl le>kSrsds dk;kZUo;u Lrj ij blds ckjs esa le>kSrk vFkok gzkl djus dh ukScrvkuh pkfg,A blds vykok] gekjk ljdkj ls ;g Hkh vkxzg gS fd ogbl ckr dks è;ku esa j[ks fd vesfjdk ds lkFk ^j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh* ds

97 98

vUrxZr gesa dHkh Hkh bl {ks= esa vFkok fo'o esa j.kuhfrd fuHkZjrk* vFkokvesfjdk ds jk"Vªh; vkSj j.kuhfrd fgrksa ds lkFk LVªsVsftd ykWd&bu* esarcnhy gksus dh t:jr ugha iM+uh pkfg,ALi"Vhdj.k

1- ,d leku nks ns'kksa ds chp j.kuhfrd Hkkxhnkjh vR;ar izHkkohjgrh gSA gekjh ljdkj dks ;g ckr dHkh ugha Hkwyuh pkfg,A

2- QkLV czhMj fj,DVjksa ds nk;js esa orZeku esa Hkkjr dk vkèkkjHkwrfoKku rFkk VsDuksykWth fo'o ds fdlh Hkh vU; ns'k ls dgha vfèkd mPpgSA Hkkjr dks viuh izxfr dks u rks [kksuk gS vkSj u gh blds lkFkle>kSrk djuk gSAiz'uljdkj ls gekjs dqN iz'u gSa%1- ljdkj dks fpjUru dky ds fy, lqj{kk* fxjoh j[kus dh ckr dks

Li"V djuk pkfg,A ;fn blds ckn dqnkudqye esa gesa ijek.kqikoj LVs'kuksa ds fy,] eku yhft, fd vesfjdk ls] vk;kr dht:jr iM+rh gS vkSj eku yhft, fd ge bl bZaèku dks :l lsvk;kr djrs gSa] rks D;k fj,DVj laLFkkiu Lor% gh fpjUru dkyrd lqj{kk* mik;ksa ds nk;js esa vk tk,xk\

2- D;ksafd ^^fpjUru dky ds lqj{kk mik,** ijek.kq lEiUu 'kL=kL=ns'kksa ij ykxw ugha gksrs gSa] rks Hkkjr ij ;g fdl izdkj ls ykxwgksaxs] tcfd ljdkj dk nkok gS fd Hkkjr dks ijek.kq lEiUu'kL=kL= jkT;ksa dk ntkZ feyk gS\ ;g Hkh fd blls Hkkjr dsijek.kq dk;Zdze rFkk bldh j.kuhfrd Lok;Ùkrk dh j{kk fdlizdkj ls gksxh\

3- D;k Hkkjr dks ^mPp ijek.kq lEiUu jkT;ksa** dh ftEesnkfj;ksa rFkknkf;Ro miyCèk gSa vkSj ;fn ,slk gS rks vU; ,sls jkT;ksa ds lkFkvkb,bZ, dk D;k le>kSrk gS\

4- ljdkj dks bl ckr dh iqf"V djuh pkfg, fd fpjUru dky dslqj{kk&mik,* dk lEcUèkh bZaèku vkiwfrZ ds ekeys esa Hkh mrus le;rd dk gh jgsxk\

5- ljdkj dks ;g ckr Hkh foLrkj ls crkuh gksxh fd vkbZ,bZ, dslkFk dkSu ls vfrfjDr izksVksdky jgsaxs\

6- 27 Qjojh ds vius oDrO; esa izèkkuea=h us flfoy nk;js esa Mh,bZdh dqN vU; lqfoèkk,a Hkh bl lwph esa tqM+ tk,axh** bls tkucq>dj vLi"V j[kk x;k gSA ge tkuuk pkgsaxs fd D;k blesa dksbZ^¶;wy& Qzsfczds'ku lqfoèkk**] mnkgj.k ds fy, gSnjkckn esa U;wDyh;j¶;wy dEiySDl** ¼,u-,Q-lh-½ Hkh 'kkfey gS\ ;k vU; dksbZj.kuhfrd egÙo dh lqfoèkk 'kkfey jgsxh\

7- vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk ^Hkkjr ds fof'k"V lqj{kk mik;** 'kCnkoyh gSjkuhesa Mkyus okyh gS D;ksafd ;s lqj{kk mik; fdlh Hkh rjg lslhèkh&lknh ckr ugha gSA

8- la;a=ksa dks vyx djus dh ;kstuk esa iz;qDr bZaèku* dh fLFkfr D;kjgsxh\

9- izeq[k okrkZdkj] vesfjdk ds izoDrk vkSj dqN ofj"B lhusVjksa dknkok gS fd bl le>kSrs ds ekè;e ls Hkkjr dks igyh ckjvUrjkZ"Vªh; vizlkj ekudksa ds vuqikyu ds utnhd ys vk;k x;kgS*( nwljs 'kCnksa esa ijek.kq vizlkj lafèk ij gLrk{kj fd, fcuk ghgeus ,uihVh ds nkf;Roksa dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA ljdkj blsLi"V djsA

10- D;k ljdkj us izR;{k vFkok vizR;{k :i ls Hkkjrh; VsDuksykWthrS;kj djus esa gekjh LFkkiukvksa dh izfrcn~èkrkvksa ds ckjs esa dksbZgzkl] deh] la'kksèku rks ugha fd;k gS] ftlls ns'k dh j.kuhfrdLok;Ùkrk ij izHkko iM+s\

11- ljdkj dks ^lhDosaflax* vkSj ^fjlhizksflVh* dh vuqifLFkfr dks HkhLi"V djuk gksxk] ftlds ckjs esa igys izèkkuea=h us nkok fd;k FkkA

12- gesa foLrkj ls bl ckr dh tkudkjh pkfg, D;k ljdkj us blle>kSrs esa ^,fDtV èkkjk,a* j[kh gSa] ;fn dksbZ gks rks crk,a] ftUgsavejhdh dkaxzsl ukilan dj ldrh gSA

13- vesfjdk ds lkFk oSf'od ijek.kq ÅtkZ Hkkxhnkjh dh uohu ?kks"k.kkesa Hkkjr dks ^mPp ijek.kq VsDuksykWth ns'k** dk ntkZ ugha fn;k x;kgS] cfYd bl Hkkxhnkjh esa ^^izkIrdrkZ ns'k** dgk x;k gSA ljdkjbls Li"V djsA

14- vejhdh okrkZdkjksa us dgk gS fd la;a=ksa ds vyx djus dh ;kstukdks vesfjdk rFkk vfèkdkfj;ksa ds chp ^la;qDr :i ls** rS;kj fd;k

99 100

x;k gSA D;k ;g lgh gS\15- ;g Hkh nkok fd;k x;k gS fd ^foLrkj ls ;kstuk* dks vejhdh

dkaxzsl dks is'k djuk gksxkA D;k ;g lgh gS\16- ;fn ;kstuk ij foLrkj ls ppkZ gks pqdh gS vkSj vesfjdk ds lkFk

ckrphr Hkh gks pqdh gS rks izèkkuea=h dks laln esa fn, vius 27Qjojh ds oDrO; dks Li"V djuk pkfg, fd gekjs j.kuhfrdk;Zdze dh xksiuh;rk dh iwjh rjg ls dSls lqjf{kr j[kk x;k gS\

17- vejhdh okrkZdkjksa dk dguk gS fd mUgksaus vejhdh dkaxzsl]lhusVjksa vkSj vU; ds lkFk fujUrj dke fd;k gSA Hkkjr ljdkj usizfri{k ds lkFk fdruh ckj ijke'kZ fd;k\

18- vesfjdk us ^Hkkjr ds nkf;Roksa* ds ckjs esa nkok fd;k gS fd og^vizlkj O;oLFkk* dk vuqikyu djsxkA D;k ;g lgh gS\ ljdkjdks bldk mÙkj nsuk gksxkA

19- 2014 rd la;a=ksa dks vyx&vyx djus ds dk;Zdze ds D;kifj.kke gksaxs\

Hkkjr us dgk gS fd gekjk ns'k lekèkku dk fgLlk gS] leL;kvksa dk ugha]ftlls yxrk gS fd ljdkj us bl eqÌs ij le>kSrk fd;k gSA blfy,ljdkj dks bl ckjs esa ns'k dh larq"V djuk gksxk fd fdl izdkj ls gekjsfgr iwjh rjg ls lèksaxsA ;fn ljdkj dsoy ÅtkZ lqj{kk ls izsfjr gqbZ gSrks Li"V gS fd IywVksfu;e iztuu ij vfèkd cy fn;k x;k gS] ijUrq nwljhvksj ^izTtoyu* ij ughaA bl ckjs esa fn, x, fofHkUu oDrO;ksa esa dbZfolaxfr;ka gSa] ftuls Hkze iSnk gksrk gSA ;g ljdkj dk nkf;Ro gS fd ogbl ckjs esa iwjh rjg ls ns'k dks Li"Vhdj.k nsdj larq"V djsA ,slk u gksfd tks ckr gekjs fy, Lokxr ;ksX; gksuh pkfg,] og ljdkj }kjk fud"VvkSj ew[kZrkiw.kZ <ax ls dk;kZUo;u dj bls Hkfo"; ds fy, e`xejhfpdkcukdj j[k nsA n

Hkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrkHkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq le>kSrk

@ tloar flag

5 vizSy 2006 dks lhusV dh Qkjsu fjys'kal desVh rFkk ;w-,- gkmlbaVjus'kuy fjys'kal desVh esa vesjhdh fons'k ea=h ds c;ku dk foLrkjls vè;;u djus ij cgqr ls xEHkhj iz'u [kM+s gks tkrs gSaA bldslkFk&lkFk cq'k iz'kklu dks lsusVj ywxj }kjk Hksts x, ^^82 iz'uksa** dsmÙkjksa dh leh{kk djus ij izLrkfor Hkkjr&vejhdh ijek.kq le>kSrs dsckjs esa Hkh xEHkhj lUnsg mRiUu gksrs gSaA gekjh ljdkj dks bl ckjs esa cgqrLi"V 'kCnksa esa mÙkj nsuk t:jh gSAijek.kq 'kL=kL= ns'k ¼,u MCY;w ,l½

igyk iz'u ,uMCY;w,l ls tqMk gSA vejhdh fons'k ea=h jkbl usvius c;ku esa dgk fd Hkkjr ds lkFk dh xbZ bl igy dk eryc,uihVh ij nksckjk ckrphr djuk ;k mlesa la'kksèku djuk ugha gSA Hkkjr^^ijek.kq 'kL=kL= ns'kksa** dh rjg dk u rks lnL; gS vkSj u gh og bldklnL; cuus tk jgk gSA** D;ksafd Hkkjr ,uihVh dk lnL; cus fcukijek.kq 'kL=kL= ns'k ugha cu ldrk gS vkSj ;fn og oSlk jkT; ugha curkgS rks Hkkjr dks ^vesfjdk dh rjg* ds ^ ogh ykHk rFkk Qk;ns** ugha feyldrs gSaA

izèkkuea=h dks bl ckjs esa iwjh rjg Li"V djuk gksxk vkSj ns'k dkslarq"V djuk gksxk vU;Fkk blds vkxs vkSj Hkh Hkze iSnk gksrs jgsaxsA,u,lth ekudksa ds vuq:i lnL;rk

lsusVjksa vkSj fons'k ea=h jkbl us ckj&ckj tksj fn;k gS%w ^^,uihVh vkèkkjf'kyk gS---- ijek.kq vkiwfrZdrkZ xzqi ¼,u,lth½ ds

vius O;ogkj ds dqN ekud gSA Hkkjr us ,di{kh; :i ls mudk

101 102

ys[kys[kys[kys[kys[k

ikyu djus dks lger gqvk gSA gkyakfd ,elhVhvkj ¼felkbyfu;a=.k VsDuksykth O;oLFkk½ ij Hkkjr us dsoy ,di{kh; :i lsikyu djus dh ckr dgh gSA**

w ^^vr% eS ekurh gwa& esjk [;ky gS fd gesa ,d gh :[k dks nkscjkcj&cjkcj fgLlksa ds :i esa ÅtkZ vkSj vizlkj ds ckjs esa lkspukgksxkA**

¼dksaMksyhtk jkbl½bu dFkuksa dks ns[krs gq, gekjh ljdkj dks Li"V djuk gksxk fd

igyh ckr D;k ge ,u,lth dks dlkSVh vkSj nkf;Roksa ds vuq:i ^,di{kh; :i ls** ikyu djus dks lger gks x, gSa\

nwljh ckr] D;k ljdkj ÅtkZ vkSj vizlkj dks cjkcj&cjkcj fgLlksaesa ckaV nsus ij lger gks xbZ gS\ rhljs] ,slh fLFkfr esa izèkkuea=h vkSjvesjhdh fons'kea=h dSls ckj ckj bl ckr ij tksj ns ldrs gSa fd ;gle>kSrk ^ÅtkZ* ds ckjs esa gS] ^'kL=kL= fu;a=.k* ;k ^vizlkj* ds ckjs esaughaA D;ksafd nksuksa ckrksa dks ,d gh lkal esa ugha dgk tk ldrk gS] tksdqN Hkkjr ljdkj dgrh gS vkSj tks vejhdh fons'k ea=h us ckj ckj viusc;ku esa dgk gS] ;k rks bu ^cjkcj&cjkcj nks fgLlksa* dks vyx djukgksxk ;k fQj bl fln~èkkar dks [kkfjt djuk gksxkA

bl foHksn dk lekèkku djuk gksxk] ;g vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gS fd blsvkSj vkxs ckrphr djus ls igys lqy>k;k tk,A

blds vykok] fons'k ea=h jkbl us ;g Hkh dgk gS fd Hkkjr igysvejhdk ds lkFk ^^vius izlkj lqj{kk igy dh laHkkfor Hkkxhnkjh** ijckrphr dj jgk gSAD;k ;g lgh gS\

csgrj gksxk ljdkj ns'k dks bl ckjs esa tkudkjh ns] bldh ctk;fd gesa bl izdkj dh ?kVukvksa dh lwpuk vejhdk ls feysA

ns'k dks ;g Hkh tkuus dk gd gS fd D;k ljdkj us ,Q,elhVheryc ¼ijek.kq bZaèku ij jksd yxkuk½ ;k ,eVhlhvkj ¼eryc felkbyfodkl ij jksd yxkuk½ tSls nkf;Roksa dks ^,d i{kh; :i ls** ekuus ijlger gks x;k gS\

bu lHkh izLrkoksa dk gekjh jk"Vªh; lqj{kk ij xEHkhj vlj iM+rk gSAgekjk vkxzg gS fd ljdkj dks bl izdkj ds fdlh Hkh fu;a=.k ij ,d

i{kh; :i ls viukuk ugha pkfg, vkSj og Hkh laln rFkk foi{k ds lkFkfcuk lykg e'kfojs ds rks dnkfi ugha viukuk pkfg,AvfrfjDr izksVksdkWy

;g fujk'kktud gS fd ,d rjQ rks ljdkj us ^vHkh ckrphr 'kq:gksuh gS* ds vkèkkj ij vkbZ,bZ, ls vfrfjDr izksVksdkWy* ij ckr djus dsckjs esa ns'k dks dksbZ tkudkjh ugha nh gS] rks nwljh rjQ fons'k ea=ky;igys gh vejhdh iz'kklu ls bl egRoiw.kZ i{k ij ckr dj pqdk gSA ;gvR;aar vkifÙktud gS vkSj gekjh laln rFkk ns'k ds izfr vfoosdiw.kZdk;Z gSA

ljdkj dks Li"V djuk gksxk fd D;k og vkbZ,bZ, ls 1954 dsvejhdh ijek.kq mtkZ vfèkfu;e dh èkkjk 123 ds viukus ls igysbl ^vfrfjDr izksVksdkWy* ij ckr dj jgh gS ;k ckr djus dkbjknk j[krh gS\

rks D;k ;g lgh gS fd bl ^vfrfjDr izksVksdkWy* dh tkapvejhdh izslhMs.V] vejhdh dkaxzsl djsxh tks la;qDr :i ls ;kfey dj ;g r; djsaxs fd D;k ;g ^Lohdk;Z le>kSrk gksxk\

blls gekjh laln] laln ds izfr ljdkj dk mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj ns'kds ckjs esa mldh Hkwfedk rFkk izklafxdrk ds ckjs esa vusd loky [kM+sgksaxsA ;g izèkkuea=h rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj dh laln dks fn, ml izfrcn~èkrkds foijhr Hkh gksxk ftlesa izèkkuea=h us ns'k dks vk'oklu fn;k Fkk fd^osoj fcy* ds dkj.k Hkfo"; esa tks Hkh lkSnk gksxk] og izslhMs.V dkaxzsl}kjk bl ^osoj dh tkap* djus dh 'krZ ij gksxk vkSj tc rd os viukfu.kZ; lqj{kk mik, ds ckjs esa lgh gS ;k lgh ugha nsrs gSa rc rd ;g lkSnkLor% Lohd`r ugha ekuk tk,xkA vkSj ;g lc dqN vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk^vfrfjDr izksVksdkWy* gksus ds ckotwn gksxkA D;k ;g O;k[;k lgh gS\felkbZy eSVhfj;y ¼fo[k.Mt lkexzh½

bl ckjs esa lsusVj ljcsal rFkk fons'k ea=h ds c;kuksa dk laf{kIrmn~j.k fn;k tkrk gS rkfd ge viuh fpark mnkgj.k ds :i esa is'k djldsaA

lsusVj ljcsal% ijUrq ;g ckr vkSj Hkh tfVy gks tkrh gS D;ksafdeq>s yxrk gS fd vU; ikVZujksa us fQlkbZy esVhfj;y dk fuekZ.k djus lseuk dj fn;k gS] D;k ;g lgh gS\

103 104

fons'k ea=h jkbl% fu%lansg] vU; ikVZujksa esa bl le; xSj&ijek.kq'kL=kL= ns'k gS] ijUrq &

lsusVj ljcssal% vkSj ijek.kq 'kL=kL= ns'kksa us vfrfjDr fQlkbZyesVhfj;y dk fuekZ.k djus ls euk dj fn;k gS\

fons'k ea=h jkbl% ugha] lsusVjA lp ;g gS fd ^fQlkbZy esVhfj;ydV&vkQ VªhVh** ds vUrjkZ"Vªh; iz;kl tkjh gSa] ftldk vejhdk leFkZudjrk gSA ijUrq] ;g lgh gS fd geus fQlkbZy eSVhfj;y mRiknu dksLFkfxr fd;k gS vkSj geus nwljksa dks ,slk djus ds fy, izsfjr fd;k gSA

blfy, D;k izèkkuea=h Li"V djsaxs fd bl c;ku dh O;k[;k fdlizdkj dh tk,\ izèkkuea=h us laln dks crk;k Fkk vkSj og Hkh ckj ckj&¼d½ lc dqN ikjLifjd <ax ls gksxk vFkkZr~ tSlk nwljs djsaxs] oSlk gh ge

Hkh djsaxsA¼[k½ vejhdk] cfYd lHkh mPp ijek.kq ns'kksa dh rjg gh gekjk ntkZ gksxk]

gesa ogh lc ykHk feysaxsA¼x½ rks dSls geus ,d i{kh; :i ls vius fQlkbZy esVhfj;y ds mRiknu

ij fu;a=.k yxkus dh is'kd'k dh\¼?k½ ;k] fudV Hkfo"; esa u djus dk bjknk fd;k\

D;k vejhdh fons'k ea=h ds c;ku ds ckn Hkh ge bl vk'oklu ijdk;e gS\,uihVh& vkbZ,bZ,

lsusVj dsjh ds tokc esa fons'k ea=h jkbl us vius c;ku esa ,d vkSjckr dgh gS%

fons'k ea=h% gka] lsusVj] ge fuf'pr gh bl ckjs esa ncko Mkysaxs]felkbZy esVhfj;y dV&vkQ VªhVh vkSj vkbZ,bZ, lqj{kk mik,& nksuksa dsckjs esa Jh lju ds gky ds nkSjs esa] eSaus Li"V 'kCnksa esa muls dgk Fkk fddkaxzsl esa ;g eqÌk cusxk vkSj mUgsa ;Fkk'kh?kz vkbZ,bZ, ls ckrphr djuhpkfg,A

D;k ljdkj bldh iqf"V djsxh vFkok badkj djsxh fd D;k;g ckr lgh gS fd fons'k ea=h us ^^Li"V 'kCnksa esa** ^^;Fkk'kh?kz**vkbZ,bZ, ls ckrphr djus ds fy, dgkA fQj ;g ckr izèkkuea=hds vk'oklu vkSj ?kksf"kr izfdz;k ds foijhr gSA

lsusVj dsjh ds tokc esa vejhdh fons'k ea=h dk ,d vkSj va'k nsf[k,%

^^bu fofHkUu O;oLFkkvksa] felkby VsDukykth ds vuqikyu ls osijek.kq vizlkj O;oLFkk dh voèkkj.kk dk foLrkj djus esa enn djsaxsD;ksafd ,uihVh bldk egRoiw.kZ vax gSA ijUrq gesa ^^,uihVh ls Hkhvfèkd** dqN pkfg,A vkSj eSa fQj bl ckr ij tksj nsrh gwa fd vizlkjlqj{kk igy ij ge cgqr dM+kbZ ls tksj nsaxsA**

,uihVh ,d cgqr gh egRoiw.kZ i{k gSA Hkkjr esa tks Hkh ljdkjsa vkbZ]os bl le>kSrs ls nwj jgha D;ksafd gekjs fopkj esa blls ^ijek.kq HksnHkko**fd;k tkrk jgk gSA vc ,uihVh* ls Hkh vfèkd dh ckr gks jgh gSA D;kljdkj bl izLrko ls lger gS\ vkSj D;k ljdkj crk,xh fd ^,uihVhls Hkh vfèkd D;k gS\vkbZ,bZ,

vkbZ,bZ, ds iz'u ij vejhdh fons'k ea=h us gkml baVjus'kuyfjysa'kl desVh dks crk;k%

^^blls Hkkjr ds nks&frgkbZ fj,DVj lqj{kk ds nk;js esa vk tkrs gSaAblls Hkkoh flfoy&flfofy;u fj,DVj lqj{kk ds nk;js esa vk tkrs gSAD;ksafd yxHkx vxys n'kd esa Hkkjrh; vuqeku ds vuqlkj yxrk gS fdHkkjr ds flfoy dk;Zdze esa muds 90 izfr'kr fj,DVjksa dks lqj{kk ds nk;jsesa ys vk,axsA vkSj ekSgEen ,yckjnsbZ us fy[kk gS fd vkbZ,bZ, vUrr%Hkkjrh; dk;Zdze ls lrr lEidZ cuk, j[ksxk] ftlls ;g dk;Zdze bl<ax ls [kqy tk,xk] tks bl le; [kqyk ugha FkkA esjs fopkj esa vizlkjO;oLFkk dk ;g ,slk egRoiw.kZ vax gS] ftlds ckjs esa nwljs yksxksa us bl<ax ls lkspuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA**

D;k ljdkj vejhdh iz'kklu ls bl ckr ij lger gS\ ;gHkh fd D;k vkbZ,bZ, ds ;g fopkj gekjh uhfr;ksa ds vuq:i gS\izèkkuea=h dks bl ij viuh izfrfdz;k nsuh pkfg,AikjLifjd ,oa izR;kofrZr

izèkkuea=h us ckj ckj laln dks crk;k gS fd ;fn vejhdk viuknkf;Ro iwjk ugha djsxk rks fu%lansg Hkkjr ij Hkh le>kSrs ij pyus dknkf;Ro ugha jgsxkA ;g ckr ljdkj vkSj blds izoDrk us vusd voljksaij dgh gSA blh dkj.k lsusVj QsuxksYM dh ckr i<+ dj vk'p;Z gksrkgS%

lsusVj QsuxksYM% èkU;okn] esMe lsdzsVjh vkius dgk gS fd lqj{kk

105 106

mik, LFkk;h gksaxs] ijUrq Hkkjr us bl ckr ij tksj fn;k gS fd ;g^^LFkk;h** lqj{kk&mik, flfofy;u fj,DVjksa dh csjksdVksd vkiwfrZ ijfuHkZj djrs gSaA D;k blls gekjs gkFk caèk ugha tkrs gSa\

fons'k ea=h jkbl% geus ;g ckr Hkkjr dks crk nh gS fd lqj{kk&mik;ksadk LFkkf;Ro fcuk 'krZ ds lqj{kk&mik;ksa dk LFkkf;Ro gSA njvly] gekjk;g vfèkdkj gksxk fd ;fn Hkkjr ijh{k.k djrk gS] tSlk fd Hkkjr us udjus dh ckr dgh gS ;k ;fn Hkkjr vkbZ,bZ, lqj{kk mik; le>kSrs dkmYya?ku djrk gS] ftldk og ikyu djsxk] rks mlh le; gekjkle>kSrk [kRe gks tk,xk**

ge izèkkuea=h ls vuqjksèk djsaxs fd os ljdkj dh fLFkfr dks bl ckjsesa Li"V djsANn~eos"k esa lhVhchVh

ljdkj us dgk gS fd og Nn~eos"k esa lhVhchVh dks Lohdkj ugha djjgh gSA ijUrq ljdkj us 18 tqykbZ ds oDrO; ds izfr viuh izfrcn~èkrkdks ekuk gSA D;k Hkkjr lnSo ds fy, lHkh ijek.kq ijh{k.kksa dk R;kx djnsxk\ D;k vejhdk ij Hkh dksbZ rn~uq:ih nkf;Ro jgsxk\ bldsvykok] D;k bldk eryc vius dk;Zdze ij ^jksd* yxkuk ughagksxk\ vkSj] D;k blls ijek.kq {ks= esa gekjs Hkkoh oSKkfud fodkldks vkap ugha vk,xh\ D;k ljdkj vejhdh fons'k ea=h ds c;kudks rFkk 18 tqykbZ ds le>kSrs dh O;k[;k dks ¼^LFkk;h rks LFkk;hgksrk gSa½ rFkk bl fo"ke ij muds ckn ds c;kuksa dks vLohdkjdjrh gS\bZjku

D;k Hkkjr ljdkj ekurh gS fd D;ksafd bZjku vejhdk ds fy,,d izeq[k uhfrxr eqÌk gS] blfy, vc Hkkjr ls vk'kk dh tkrhgS fd og izkFkfedrk ds vkèkkj ij vejhdh uhfr dks ekus vkSj@;k mlds lkFk lgkuqHkwfr j[ksA D;k izèkkuea=h bl fLFkfr lslger gSa vkSj Lohdkj djrs gSa\fu"d"kZ

ljdkj }kjk vejhdk ds lkeus j[ks izLrkoksa ls gekjh j.kuhfr dksi;kZIr uqdlku gksrk gS( gesa viuh Lok;Ùkrk R;kxuh iM+rh gS( gesagLr{ksi'khy vkbZ,bZ, O;oLFkk dh tkap esa vius 90 izfr'kr ijek.kq

la;a=ksa dks nwljksa ds vèkhu j[kuk iM+rk gS( vkSj ;g lc dqN gesa yxHkx2025 esa viuh ÅtkZ dh t:jr ds flQZ 8 izfr'kr fgLls dh iwfrZ ds fy,djuk iM+ jgk gS] vkSj og Hkh ,slh gkyr esa tc fd ¼yxHkx 15 ls 20o"kZ esa½ lc dqN Bhd Bkd pyk rks ;g t:jr iwjh gks ik,xhA ;gle>kSrk cgqr egaxk gS] bl ij Bhd ls fopkj ugha gqvk vkSj csgnvlarqfyr gSA

^^Hkkjr&vejhdk ds mHkjrs lacaèk** Qys Qwysa] ijUrq ;g rHkh laHko gStc nksuksa i{k ^Li"V :i ls le> ldsa fd fdu ckrksa us mUgsa ,d lkFktksM+k gS** vkSj nwljk i{k gels D;k vis{kk j[krk gSA ,slk dksbZ Hkh Hkkjrdk fu.kZ; ftlls mldh dke djus ;k] mldh Lok;Ùkrk] mldh lEizHkqrkij jksd yxs rks fu'p; gh blds lkFk vkt ls yxHkx 20 o"kZ ckn mtkZlqj{kk* ds Hkze esa vkdj le>kSrk ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

Hkktik lnSo gh vejhdk ds lkFk feydj dke djuk pkgrh gS vkSjmlds lkFk LoLF;] le`f)iw.kZ rFkk vR;ar ikjLifjd lacaèk LFkkfir djusds gd esa gS] oLrqr% ge ,d xfr'khy ^jktuhfrd lk>snkjh* pkgrs gSa(ijUrq nks lEizHkq lEiUu jk"Vªksa ds chp lEcaèk rFkk lk>snkjh vkt dsorZeku jk"Vªh; ifjn`'; esa fdlh rjg vlarqfyr ugha gks ldrs gSaA

;wih, rFkk blds lg;ksxh nyksa }kjk cuk;k x;k le>kSrk fdlh Hkhrjg jk"Vªh; fgrksa ds vuqdwy ugha gSA ;gh ,d dlkSVh gS% og gS jk"Vªfgrftl ij gh ge lHkh egRoiw.kZ eqÌksa dks ij[k ldrs gSaA n

egaxs lkSns dk djkj

@ ;'koar flUgk

bl lekpkj i= ds xr fnol ds vad esa eSaus vesfjdk ds lkFk ijek.kqdjkj ds lan•Z esa laçx ljdkj ds mu nkoksa dks vlR; fl) fd;k Fkktks ;g crkus ds fy, fd, tk jgs gSa fd çLrkfor djkj •kjr ds jk"Vªh;fgrksa ds vuqdwy gSA bl flyflys dks vkxs c<+krs gq, eSa ;gka ;g crkuk

107 108

pkgwaxk fd ljdkj djkj ij ykxw gksus okys vesfjdh dkuwu gkbM ,DVds ckjs esa fdl rjg gesa vaèksjs esa j[k jgh gS vkSj ;g •h fd bl djkj dsgks tkus ij ftl ukf•dh; ÅtkZ dh çkfIr lqy• gks tkus dh ckr dhtk jgh gS mlds fy, gesa fdruh cM+h dher pqdkuh gksxhA gkbM ,DVesa lkQ dgk x;k gS fd •kjr ds lkFk ukf•dh; djkj esa 'kkfey gksus dkvkèkkj ;g gS fd gekjs ikl ,d ,slh fons'k uhfr gksxh tks vesfjdk dhfons'k uhfr ds vuqdwy gSA ;g •h fd vesfjdk ds oSf'od vkSj {ks=h;vçlkj mís';ksa dh iwfrZ ds fy, •kjr dgÈ vfèkd jktuhfrd vkSj •kSfrdleFkZu miyCèk djk,xk&[kkldj ,sls ns'kksa dks jksdus] vyx&Fkyx djusrFkk ;fn t:jh gks rks mu ij çfrcaèk yxkus esa tks ukf•dh; gfFk;kj{kerk gkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs gSa ;k O;kid tulagkj okys vL=cukuk pkgrs gSa A bl vfèkfu;e ds rgr vesfjdk dks •kjr ls ukf•dh;{kerk gkfly dj jgs bZjku tSls fdlh ns'k dks jksdus] vyx&Fkyx djusvkSj ;fn t:jh gks rks ml ij çfrcaèk yxkus dh viuh ;kstuk esa •kjrls iw.kZ vkSj lfØ; leFkZu çkIr djuk gSA blh vfèkfu;e ds rgrvesfjdh jk"Vªifr dks dkaxzsl ds le{k mu fo'ks"k ekudksa ds lan•Z esafooj.k ;k vkdyu çLrqr djus dh ftEesnkjh gS ftudk lacaèk bZjku tSlsns'kksa dks fu;af=r djus dh vesfjdh ;kstuk esa •kjr dh iw.kZ rFkk lfØ;lg•kfxrk ls gSA

rkRi;Z ;g gS fd vesfjdh jk"Vªifr dkaxzsl dks ;g crk,axs fd ijek.kqgfFk;kj ;k O;kid tulagkj ds nwljs vL= fodflr djus dh dksf'k'kdj jgs bZjku dks jksdus] vyx&Fkyx djus ;k çfrcafèkr djus ds fy,vesfjdk rFkk varjjk"Vªh; leqnk; ds ç;klksa esa •kjr us fdruk lg;ksxfd;k\ ;fn •kjr us ,slk ugÈ fd;k rks pj.kc) rjhds ls fuEufyf[krçfØ;k iwjh dh tk,xhA ;g crk;k tk,xk fd •kjr dh iw.kZ vkSj lfØ;lg•kfxrk lqfuf'pr djus ds fy, vesfjdh ljdkj us D;k dne mBk,\¼2½ bu ij •kjr ljdkj ds tokc D;k jgs\ ¼3½ vkxkeh o"kkZs esa vesfjdkD;k dne mBkus dh ;kstuk cuk jgk gS ftlls •kjr dh iw.kZ o lfØ;lg•kfxrk lqfuf'pr dh tk lds\ ¼lsD'ku 104½A blls ;g lkQ gS fdfons'k uhfr vkSj ukf•dh; uhfr] nksuksa ekspkZs esa •kjr ij vesfjdh ykbudk ikyu djus dk vuojr ncko jgsxkA ,slk u djus dh dher bruh•kjh gksxh ftlds ckjs esa dYiuk •h ugÈ dh tk ldrhA

vc ge ukf•dh; ÅtkZ ds iwjs loky ij fuxkg Mkyrs gSaA blhlekpkj i= esa nks tqykbZ 2008 dks çdkf'kr vius ys[k esa eSa bl ijfoLrkj ls ppkZ dj pqdk gSaA blfy, eSa bl ckj dsoy ukf•dh; ÅtkZdh ykxr ds igyw rd [kqn dks lhfer j[kuk pkgwaxkA vkf[kj gekjs fy,;g tkuuk t:jh gS fd ijek.kq djkj dh enn ls gesa tks fctyh feysxhmlds fy, gesa D;k dher pqdkuh gksxh\ ljdkj gels bl ij •jkslkdjus ds fy, dg jgh gS fd ;fn ;g djkj gks tkrk gS rks 2030 rdvk;kfrr ykbV okVj ukf•dh; fj,DVjksa ls de ls de rhl gtkjesxkokV ukf•dh; ÅtkZ dk mRiknu gks ldsxkA 2050 rd ;g {kerkipkl gtkj esxkokV rd igqap tk,xhA eSa igys •h dg pqdk gwa fdljdkj cM+h prqjkbZ ls gesa ;g crkus ls cp jgh gS fd ukf•dh; fj,DVjksadh LFkkiuk rFkk muls mRikfnr ÅtkZ dh çfr ;wfuV dher vkf[kj D;kgksxh\ dqN fo'ks"kKksa ls ckrphr ds vkèkkj ij eSa ukf•dh; ÅtkZ dh ykxrds lan•Z esa vkadM+s çLrqr djuk pkgrk gwaA

2050 rd ipkl gtkj esxkokV fctyh ds mRiknu ds fy, •kjr dks1200 esxkokV dh {kerk okys de ls de pkyhl ykbV okVj fj,DVjLFkkfir djus gksaxsA ekStwnk dherksa ds vkèkkj ij bu pkyhl fj,DVjksa dhdqy dher lkS vjc vesfjdh Mkyj gksxhA ekStwnk nj ds vkèkkj ij #i;sesa ;g jkf'k 4]20]000 djksM+ #i;s cSBrh gSA ljdkj ;g nkok •h djrhgS fd bl djkj ds vkèkkj ij gesa çR;sd fj,DVj ds fy, ukf•dh; bZaèkudk lqjf{kr •aMkj dk;e djus dh vuqefr feysxh rkfd ;fn fdlh dkj.kls vkiwfrZ ckfèkr gksrh gS rks bu fj,DVjksa dk dkedkt ckfèkr u gksAljdkj dk ;g nkok vlR; gS] ysfdu ;fn bls ,d {k.k ds fy, lR;eku •h fy;k tk, rks ;g O;oLFkk ukf•dh; ÅtkZ dks iwjh rjg vO;ogkfjdcuk nsxhA fj,DVjksa dh pkyhl o"kZ dh thou vofèk ds fy, ekStwnk njij çk-frd ;wjsfu;e dk [kpZ yx•x 226-5 vjc Mkyj ¼9]51]300 djksM+#i;s½ cSBsxkA bl çkØfrd ;wjsfu;e dks mi;ksx yk;d cukus esa 3]23]400djksM+ #i;s vkSj [kpZ gksaxsA bl vkèkkj ij fj,DVjksa ls 50]000 esxkokVfctyh ds mRiknu ds fy, dqy ewy ykxr 4035 vjc Mkyj ;k17]16]700 djksM+ #i;s gksxhA

bl ewy ykxr ds vykok bu fj,DVjksa ls mRikfnr gksus okyh fctyhekStwnk dher ds vkèkkj ij 12 #i;s çfr ;wfuV gksxhA bl ykxr dks

109 110

•fo"; esa c<+rs gh tkuk gSA bruk cM+k fuos'k dgka ls vk,xk\ bruhegaxh fctyh dkSu [kjhnsxk\ ;fn fdlh fj,DVj esa psukZsfcy ;k •ksikyxSl =klnh tSlk dksbZ gknlk gks tkrk gS rks D;k gksxk\ bu l•h lokyksaij dkaxzsl ds usrRo okyh laçx ljdkj ds gksaB bl rjg flys gq, gSa tSlsmls dqN lqukbZ gh u ns jgk gksA ljdkj dks rks cl fdlh rjg vesfjdkds lkFk ijek.kq djkj dk Qank yksxksa ds xys esa mrkjuk gS&•ys gh bldsfy, gesa dSlh •h dher D;ksa u pqdkuh iM+sA

¼21 tqykbZ 08] nSfud tkxj.k ½

csdkj gS ;g djkj

@ ;'koar flUgk

•kjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq djkj ihNk NksM+us dk uke ugÈ ys jgkA fganhfQYe ds ghjks dh rjg ;g xksyh yxus ds ckn •h [kM+k gks tkrk gS vkSjpyus yxrk gSA ljdkj vkSj oke nyksa dk ukVd yxkrkj tkjh gSAljdkj esa bruk lkgl ugÈ fd og djkj laié djs vkSj blds ifj.kke•qxrus dks rS;kj jgsA nwljh vksj oke ny viuh jk; ij T;knk tksj ugÈns jgs] D;ksafd os tYn pquko ugÈ pkgrsA blh chp djkj leFkZd yksxehfM;k esa ys[kksa ds tfj;s ncko cukus dk ç;kl dj jgs gSaA dqN yksx•ktik ij nks"kkjksi.k dj jgs gSa fd mlus djkj dks e>èkkj esa NksM+ fn;k]dqN lksfu;k xkaèkh dks mdlk jgs gSa fd og jktho xkaèkh dh fojklr dhj{kk ds fy, gLr{ksi djsaA ljdkj us djkj fojksfèk;ksa dh vkokt nckus dhiqjtksj dksf'k'k dh gSA ppkZ gS fd ,d laiknd dks djkj dk fojksèk djusds dkj.k viuh ukSdjh xaokuh iM+hA djkj ds dqN fojksfèk;ksa dks [kjhnfy;k x;kA gSjkuh dh ckr gS fd dksbZ •h muls loky ugÈ dj jgk fdmuds fopkjksa esa ifjorZu dSls vk;k\ nwljh rjQ fojksèk ij vfMx gekjstSls yksxksa dh f[kYyh mM+kbZ tk jgh gSA gesa nks"kh Bgjk;k tk jgk gSA

djkj ij gekjs fojksèk ds dbZ dkj.k gSaA ge laln esa cgl ds nkSjku

bUgsa mBk pqds gSa] fdarq ljdkj vkSj mlds leFkZd fojksèk ds fcanqvksa ijè;ku nsus ds ctk; •ze] v\)ZlR;] lQsn >wB vkSj ;gka rd fd xkyh&xykSpdk lgkjk ysdj gekjh nyhyksa dks ckSuk lkfcr djus dk ç;kl dj jgsgSaA igyk lQsn >wB ;g cksyk tk jgk gS fd ge ij dsoy 123 le>kSrsdh 'krs± gÊ ykxw gksrh gSaA ge vesfjdk ds gkbM ,DV ls caèks ugÈ gSaAvkf[kj ,d fons'kh dkuwu •kjr ij dSls ykxw gks ldrk gS\ nwljh nyhygS fd ;g vkaf'kd :i ls lgh vkSj vkaf'kd :i ls xyr gSA loky gSfd vxj ge dsoy 123 le>kSrs ls caèks gSa rks ;g dSls dg ldrs gSa fdgkbM ,DV ls gekjk dksbZ eryc ugÈ gS\ vxj gkbM ,DV vesfjdk ijckè;dkjh gS vkSj og ijek.kq djkj esa ,d i{k gS rks djkj gkbM ,DV dsçkoèkkuksa ls dSls cpk jgsxk\ ;g è;ku nsuk jkspd gksxk fd •kjr ljdkjus bl eqís ij fdruh ckj jax cnyk gSA vesfjdh dkaxzsl }kjk ikfjr gksusls igys lhusV dh fons'k ekeyksa lacaèkh lfefr vkSj gkml vkQ dkealdh varjjk"Vªh; dk;Zlfefr us ppkZ ds fy, nks vyx&vyx elkSns fy,]tks dkQh dqN çLrkfor dkuwu dh rjg FksA tc geus •kjr esa bu elkSnksadk voyksdu fd;k rks buesa tksM+s x, vuqcaèkksa ij fpark trkbZA 17vxLr] 2006 dks jkT;l•k esa gqbZ cgl esa nks elkSnksa ij tksjnkj ,srjktfd;k x;kA cgl dk tokc nsrs gq, çèkkuea=h gels lger gks x, FksAmUgksaus dgk Fkk] **foèks;d ds nksuksa :iksa esa varj fparktud gSA** mUgksausvkxs dgk] **vxj vafre :i esa vesfjdh laln ;k ,u,lth fn'kk&funZs'k•kjr ij ckgjh 'krs± FkkZsirs gSa rks eSa vkidks •jkslk fnykrk gwa fd lalnds lkeus esjh opuc)rk ds lacaèk esa ljdkj mfpr fu"d"kZ ij igqapsxh--•kjrh; fons'kh uhfr ds lacaèk esa ge fdlh •h rjg ds çfrcaèk LohdkjugÈ dj ldrsA** mUgksaus ;g •h dgk fd vxj vesfjdh laln foèks;d dksblh :i esa ikfjr djrh gS rks bls Loh-r djus esa •kjr dks cM+h fnôrgksxhA vc ;g l•h ds lkeus Li"V gks pqdk gS fd gkbM ,DV esa bu nkselkSnksa ds ?kfV;k çkoèkku lekfgr gSaA blfy, ;g •kjr dks vkSj vfèkdvLohdk;Z gks tkuk pkfg,A

nqfoèkk esa Qalh dkaxzsl ikVÊ ds çcq) dkuwuh tkudkj crkus esa yxsgSa fd djkj esa ckè;dkjh vkSj vckè;dkjh] nksuksa rjg ds çkoèkku gSaA •kjrdks ijs'kku gksus dh t:jr ugÈ gSA mUgksaus ;g lkQ ugÈ fd;k fd gkbM,DV ds dkSu ls çkoèkku ckè;dkjh gSa vkSj dkSu ls ugÈ\ •kjr dh bZjku

111 112

uhfr dk gkbM ,DV esa rhu LFkku ij ftØ gSA rkRi;Z ;g gS fd •kjrdks bZjku ds lan•Z esa vesfjdh eqfge esa iwjh lfØ;rk ls tqV tkuk pkfg,Ablesa bZjku dks jksduk] vyx&Fkyx djuk vkSj vxj t:jh gqvk rks mlij çfrcaèk yxkuk 'kkfey gSA ,DV vkxs dgrk gS fd blds ckn vesfjdhjk"Vªifr ogka dh dkaxzsl dks fjiksVZ lkSaisaxs fd D;k •kjr ,sls ç;klksa esa iwjhrjg •kxhnkjh dj jgk gS\ vxj •kjr iw.kZ :i ls vkSj lfØ;rk ls ,slkugÈ dj jgk gS rks ,sls mik;ksa dk fooj.k nsuk gksxk fd vesfjdh ljdkj•kjr dks iwjh rjg vkSj lfØ;rk ds lkFk •kxhnkjh djus ds fy, rS;kjdj jgh gSA dsaæ ljdkj crk, fd ;g ckè;dkjh çkoèkku gS ;k egtlykg\ ljdkj ds dkuwuh fo'ks"kK dgrs gSa fd pwafd 123 le>kSrkvesfjdh dkaxzsl dk vkf[kjh vuqcaèk gksxk blfy, ;g gkbM ,DV ls ÅijgksxkA blls vfèkd cjxykus okyh dksbZ ckr ugÈ gks ldrhA

123 le>kSrk vesfjdk ds ijek.kq ÅtkZ vfèkfu;e] 1954 ds ewyçkoèkku ls NwV çnku djokus okys gkbM ,DV dh mit gSA blfy, ;ggkbM ,DV ds çkoèkkuksa dh pgkjnhokjh ls f?kjk gqvk gSA •kjr ljdkjds foijhr vesfjdk ;g cjkcj dg jgk gS fd gkbM ,DV vesfjdh ljdkjij ckè;dkjh gS vkSj ;g •h fd 123 le>kSrk gkbM ,DV ds vuq:i gSvkSj bl ,DV ls vyx gksus dk loky gh ugÈ mBrkA ;FkkFkZ ;g gS fd•kjr 123 le>kSrs ls caèkk gS vkSj 123 le>kSrk gkbM ,DV lsA D;k ,slhfLFkfr esa •h •kjr bl vfèkfu;e ds çkoèkkuksa dh vuns[kh dj ldrk gS\blds vykok •kjr vkbZ,bZ, fuxjkuh esa vk tk,xk vkSj ml ij ,u,lthds fn'kk&funZs'k ykxw gksaxsA djkj ds leFkZdksa dh ,d vkSj nyhy gS fd123 le>kSrs ds rgr •fao"; esa •kjr ds ijek.kq gfFk;kj ijh{k.k ij dksbZjksd ugÈ yxrhA le>kSrk 123 lkQ&lkQ dgrk gS fd ;g nksuksa i{kksads jk"Vªh; dkuwuksa ds vuqlkj fØ;kfUor gksxkA vesfjdk ds jk"Vªh; dkuwuLi"V rkSj ij •fo"; esa ijh{k.k dh btktr ugÈ nsrsA vesfjdh okrkZdkjksadks djkj ds elkSns esa ;g 'kCnkoyh tksM+us dh •kjr dh bl NksVh vkSjegRoghu ekax dks ekuus esa dksbZ vkifŸkugÈ FkhA blls •kjr ljdkj dks;g c[kku djus dk ekSdk fey x;k fd og •fo"; esa ijek.kq ijh{k.kdjus ds fy, Lora= gSA blds lkFk gh dsaæ ljdkj ncs&fNis Loj esadgrh gS fd bl rjg dh dkjZokbZ ds nq"ifj.kke >syus ds fy, ge Lora=gSaA ;g rks ogh ckr gqbZ tSls dksbZ ;g dgs fd og gR;k djus ds fy,

113 114

Lora= gS] cl blds nq"ifj.kke vFkkZr ekSr dh ltk •qxruh gksxhA123 le>kSrs ds vuqlkj vxj djkj jn gksrk gS rks •kjr dks ijek.kq

•Íh LFkkfir djus ds fy, vk;kfrr vkf[kjh dhy&dkaVk rd okildjuk gksxk vkSj gkbM ,DV ds vuqlkj vxj •kjr ijek.kq ijh{k.k djrkgS rks vesfjdk ds lkeus le>kSrk fujLr djus ds vykok dksbZ vU;fodYi ugÈA bl rjg gkbM ,DV vkSj 123 le>kSrk] nksuksa feydjgekjh xnZu ij LFkk;h :i ls Qank dl nsrs gSaA vesfjdh jk"Vªifr dksdkaxzsl lfefr;ksa dks çfro"kZ •kjr ds ijek.kq ÅtkZ dk;ZØe ds ckjs esavusd rjg dh tkudkfj;ka nsuh gksaxhA D;k blls vfèkd çfrcaèkkRed]n[kyankth okyh vkSj 'kfeZnxh dh ckr •kjr ds fy, gks ldrh gS\•kjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq djkj fouk'k dh rS;kjh gSA ftruh tYnh blsNksM+ fn;k tk,] mruk gh csgrj gSA

djkj ls D;ksa djsa budkj

@ ;'koar flUgk

fiNys rhu lky esa Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq djkj ds i{k vkSj foi{kesa cgqr dqN dgk tk pqdk gSA bl cgl esa Hkkx ysus okykasa us ;g trkusdh dksf'k'k dh gS fd bl lafèk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa dks os HkyhHkkafr le>rsgSaA gkykafd ;g ns[kuk d"Vdkjh gS fd ljdkj us bl eqÌs ij ,djktuhfrd ladV [kM+k djuk ilan fd;kA og viuk i{k etcwr djusds fy, vlR; dk lgkjk ysus ls Hkh ugha fgpfdpk jghA eSa ,sls dsoyrhu eqÌs mBkÅaxk ftu ij ljdkj yksxksa dks xqejkg djus dk dke djjgh gSA ljdkj dgrh gS fd bl djkj ds rgr gekjk ukfHkdh; gfFk;kjdk;ZØe iwjh rjg lqjf{kr gSA ;g lgh ugha gSA vesfjdk 'kq: ls dg jgkgS fd bl lafèk dk edln Hkkjr dks ukfHkdh; vizlkj O;oLFkk ds nk;jsesa ykuk gSA mldk Li"V mÌs'; gekjs ukfHkdh; gfFk;kj dk;ZØe ijcafn'k yxkuk] mls ?kVkuk vkSj varr% lekIr djuk gSA

vesfjdk dk rkRdkfyd y{; Hkkjr dks ukfHkdh; gfFk;kj rduhd

ds fupys fljs ij Qalkuk gSA ;g dke Hkfo"; esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k djus dsgekjs vfèkdkj dks ges'kk ds fy, lekIr dj fd;k tkuk gSA ljdkj ftlt:jr ij lcls vfèkd tksj ns jgh gS og ,d Nykok gSA yksxksa dks ;glCtckx fn[kkrs gq, fd vesfjdk ds lkFk ;g djkj gks tkus ds ckn ns'kdk gj ?kj fctyh ls jkS'ku gks tk,xk] ljdkj us tkucw>dj vc rd;g Li"V ugha fd;k fd bl ÅtkZ ds fy, gesa D;k dher pqdkuh iM+sxh\vesfjdk dk mÌs'; gkbM ,DV ds bl izkoèkku ls Li"V gks tkrk gS] ftlesadgk x;k gS] ^os ns'k tks dHkh ukfHkdh; vizlkj lafèk dk fgLlk ugha jgsvkSj bl lafèk dh dkuwuh ckè;rkvksa ls ckgj gS] oSf'od vizlkj ds lexzy{;ksa dh iwfrZ esa ckèkd gSA ;g vesfjdk ds fgr esa gS fd iwjh {kerk ls;g lqfuf'pr fd;k tk, fd ,sls ns'kksa us tks ukfHkdh; rduhd fodflrdh gS mlds izcaèk ds fy, os Lo;a ftEesnkj gksaA ;g Hkh vesfjdk ds fgresa gS fd ,sls fdlh ns'k ds lkFk ukfHkdh; lg;ksx le>kSrk fd;k tk,A**¼gkbM ,DV dk lsD'ku 102½ gkbM ,DV ds tks izkoèkku gekjs ukfHkdh;gfFk;kj dk;ZØe ds f[kykQ gS vkSj varr% mls cafn'kksa esa ckaèk nsaxs os blizdkj gSa%1- gkbM ,DV Hkkjr dks ,slh dkjZokbZ ls nwj jgus dk funsZ'k nsrk gS tks

gekjs ukfHkdh; gfFk;kj dk;ZØe ds fodkl esa enn djsxhA ¼lsD'ku102½

2- gkbZM ,DV dk mÌs'; ¼,½ nf{k.k ,f'k;k esa ukfHkdh; gfFk;kjksa esa o`f)ij vadq'k yxkus dh dksf'k'k djuk vkSj muesa dVkSrh rFkk varr% mUgsalekIr djus dh ;kstuk dks izksRlkfgr djuk gS ¼ch½ Hkkjr dksfuxjkuh okys ukfHkdh; fBdkuksa esa fQlkby eSVhfj;y dk mRiknuu c<+kus ds fy, izksRlkfgr djuk gSA ¼lsD'ku 103½

3- gkbM ,DV ds rgr vesfjdh jk"Vªifr ls ;g visf{kr gS fd og dkaxzsldh lfefr;ksa dks bu fo"k;ksa ij iwjh rjg lwfpr djrs jgs% ¼,½ Hkkjresa fdlh egRoiw.kZ ukfHkdh; xfrfofèk ds rF; rFkk muds fØ;kUo;uds ckjs esa ¼ukfHkdh; fBdkus ds fuekZ.k lfgr½A ¼ch½ ukfHkdh;gfFk;kjksa ds fuekZ.k esa egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ;k fQlkby eSVhfj;y dsmRiknu ds lanHkZ esaA ¼lh½ xSj&fuxjkuh okys fBdkuksa esa ukfHkdh;;wy lkbfdy xfrfofèk;ksa ds mÌs'; rFkk ml ij vey esa cnyko ijA¼Mh½ ,slk dksbZ vkdyu ftlls ;g Li"V gks fd vesfjdk dk ukxfjd

ukfHkdh; lg;ksx fdlh Hkh rjg Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; gfFk;kj dk;ZØedh enn dj jgk gSA ¼bZ½ ;wjsfu;e ds [kuu rFkk mlds bLrseky ;kvkoaVu ukfHkdh; foLQksV lkexzh ds fuekZ.k esa fd;k x;k ;k ukfHkdh;gfFk;kjksa ds fy, fQlkby eSVhfj;y ds mRiknu dh nj ds lanHkZ esA¼,Q½ ,sls fdlh fo'ys"k.k ds lanHkZ esa Fkh ftlls ;g lkQ gks fd D;kvk;kfrr ;wjsfu;e us Hkkjr esa ukfHkdh; gfFk;kjksa ds fuekZ.k dh njdks izHkkfor fd;k gS\ ¼lsD'ku 104½tgka rd Hkkjr ds Hkfo"; ds ukfHkdh; ijh{k.kksa dk iz'u gS rks gkbM

,DV Li"V rkSj ij dgrk gS fd ;fn jk"Vªifr ;g fuèkkZj.k djrs gSa fdHkkjr us vfèkfu;e ykxw gks tkus ds ckn dksbZ ukfHkdh; foLQksV fd;krks ukfHkdh; lg;ksx le>kSrk VwV tk,xkA blds vkxs dh fLFkfr;ksa ij123 le>kSrk izdk'k Mkyrk gS fd ,slh fLFkfr vkus ij Hkkjr dks lHkhmidj.k] lkexzh okil djus gksaxs&Hkys gh mudh vkiwfrZ 'kkafriw.kZ dk;ksZads fy, dh xbZ gksA vesfjdh vfèkdkfj;ksa] fo'ks"k :i ls tku gksye tksvesfjdh fons'k foHkkx esa gfFk;kj fu;a=.k rFkk jktuhfrd lSU; ekeyksads miea=h ds :i esa dk;Z dj jgs Fks] us Hkkjr ds ukfHkdh; ijh{k.kksa dsfy, dqN fnu iwoZ gh lkr vizSy 1998 dks lhVhchVh ij ,d fo'ks"k cSBdesa dgk Fkk fd ijh{k.kksa ij ikcanh ls gesa enn feyrh gS] D;ksafd ;g ,dcM+h ckèkk gS ftls ikj djuk ukfHkdh; gfFk;kjksa dh vkdka{kk dj jgsfdlh ns'k ds fy, vklku ugha gSA blh vfèkdkjh us vesfjdh fons'kfoHkkx esa ofj"B lykgdkj ds :i esa 16 Qjojh 2000 dks U;w;kZd esaQkjsu ikfylh ,lksfl,'ku ls dgk] ^^ge ,d gtkj ukfHkdh; ijh{k.kdj pqds gSaA gekjs 'kL=kxkj ds lHkh gfFk;kj iwjh rjg ij[ks tk pqdsgSaA ge fcuk ijh{k.k ds ukfHkdh; gfFk;kjksa dk lqjf{kr vkSj fo'oluh;t[khjk cuk ldrs gSaA

bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa D;k ;g t:jh ugha fd ge ukfHkdh; {kerkgkfly djus dh dksf'k'k dj jgs ns'kksa ij yxke yxk,aA** blls lkQ gkstkrk gS fd vesfjdk ds bjkns D;k gSa\ vesfjdk 1030 ijh{k.k dj pqdkgS] :l 715 vkSj phu 45 ijh{k.k dj pqds gSaA ,sls esa ;g vfuok;Z gS fdge Hkh vkxs vkSj vfèkd ijh{k.k djus ds vius fodYi [kqys j[ksaA n

¼ys[kd iwoZ fons'k ea=h gSa½¼nSfud tkxj.k ls lkHkkj½

115 116

ijek.kq djkj dk vkèkkj gh [kks[kyk

@ v#.k 'kkSjh

Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrs ds ckjs esa lcls [kjkc ckr ;gh gSfd bl ckjs esa gj ckr dks inZs ds ihNs j[kk tk jgk gSA ljdkj bl ckjsesa u rks ns'k dh turk dks dqN crk jgh gS vkSj u gh laln dks foÜoklesa ys jgh gSA eSa blls cM+s vijkèk dh dYiuk •h ugÈ dj ldrk ftlesaturk ds gkFk •fo"; dh t:jrksa ds eísutj ckaèks tk jgs gksa vkSj mUgsabldh tkudkjh rd ugÈ gksA vkÜp;Z rks ;g gS fd ljdkj vkSj vesfjdkehfM;k dks •h euekus <ax ls ?kqek jgk gS rkfd •kjrh; tuekul dksç•kfor fd;k tk ldsA ftl rjg ls vesfjdk •kjrh; lkalnksa dks bleqís ij ç•kfor djus ds fy, nwr •st jgk gS ml ij dkQh vpjt gksrkgSA bl rjg ,sls dqN yksxksa us eq>ls •h laidZ fd;k rkfd mudsn`f"Vdks.k dh odkyr dh tk ldsA

gj dne ij ljdkj ;gh le>kus esa yxh jgh fd vxys pj.k dkbartkj dfj,A tc çk:i cuk rks dgk x;k ;g rks egt [kkdk gSA gjpj.k ij vuns[kh djus dk gh ifj.kke Fkk fd vafre foèks;d vk;k rksmldh •k"kk vkSj •h l[r FkhA geus fQj fojksèk fd;k rks ljdkj dh vksjls dgk x;k gS fd v•h 123 le>kSrs ds fy, bartkj dfj, D;ksafd gkbMdkuwu •kjr ij fdlh rjg dh ckè;rk ugÈ gSA tcfd D;k ge •wy x,fd vesfjdh jk"Vªifr ij rks de&ls&de ;g dkuwu ckè;dkjh gSA ;ghugÈ] vesfjdh laln ;g igys gh lkQ dj pqdh gS fd bl lacaèk esaç'kklu dks mldh eatwjh ds fy, iqu% dkaxzsl ds ikl ykSVuk gksxkA ge;g D;ksa •wy tkrs gSa fd 123 le>kSrk u dsoy gkbM ,DV cfYd 1954ds vesfjdh dkuwu ds nk;js ls ckgj ugÈ gksxkA vr% 123 le>kSrk ijek.kqijh{k.k ;k bZèku ds iqu% çlaLdj.k ds ckjs esa dqN dgs ;k u dgs ysfdu

bu eqíksa ij vesfjdh uhfr;ksa dk Li"V mYys[k iqjkus dkuwuksa esa ntZ gSAbl ekeys ij gekjh rkRdkfyd fpark gS ijek.kq ijh{k.kA tSls gh vkiijh{k.k djrs gSa rks vkids f[kykQ çfrcaèk yx tk,axsA lkFk gh lkjhlqfoèkk,a can dj nh tk,axhA

tcfd bl rjg dk dksbZ caèku phu ;k ikfdLrku ij ugÈ gSA ;s ns'kvius ijek.kq gfFk;kjksa dh vxyh ih<+h rS;kj djus ds fy, ijh{k.k djusds fy, Lora= gksaxsA ,sls esa •kjr dk D;k gksxk\ çèkkuea=h dgrs gSa fdijh{k.k djuk gekjk lkoZ•kSfed vfèkdkj gSA ysfdu ;g er •wfy, fdijh{k.k djsaxs rks gesa ifj.kke •h •ksxuk gksxkA fctyh ds fy, ns'k esa20&30 u, ijek.kq mtkZ dsUæ cukus dk mudk liuk lkdkj gks •h x;krks •kjr ij ijh{k.k u djus dk ncko vlguh; cu tk,xkA ;fn ijh{k.kdjuk gh iM+k rks ml fLFkfr esa vkids bu u, ijek.kq dsUæksa dks bZèku dgkals feysxk\ rc mu bykdksa dk D;k gksxk ftUgsa bl la;a=ksa ls fctyh feyjgh gksxh\ D;k ge rkjkiqj dk vuq•o •wy x, gSa\ egt 300 esxkokV{kerk okys la;a= ds fy, •h gesa vesfjdk dk •kjh ncko >syuk iM+k FkkA,sls esa dYiuk dfj, tc ge vesfjdk ds lg;ksx ls 35 gtkj esxkokVds mRiknu dsUæ [kM+s dj ysaxs rks D;k gksxkA bZèku vkiwfrZ dk eqík •hegRoiw.kZ gSA rkjkiqj dks bZèku vkiwfrZ ds fy, gqvk 30 lky dk vuqcaèklekIr •ys gh 1993 esa gqvk gks ysfdu vesfjdk us bZèku nsuk dkQh igysgh can dj fn;k FkkA tkfgj rkSj ij ,slh fLFkfr ls cpus dk rjhdk gSbZèku dk j.kuhfrd •aMkj ftldk mYys[k çèkkuea=h us •h fd;k gSAysfdu bl ckjs esa gkbM dkuwu dk vksckek la'kksèku lkQ dgrk gS fd•kjr dks dsoy rkRdkfyd ijek.kq la;a=ksa dh t:jr ds eqrkfcd gh bZèkufn;k tk,xkA nwljh vksj ç;qä bZèku ds iqu% çlaLdj.k dk eqík •hegRoiw.kZ gSA dkuwu dgrk gS fd iqu% çlaLdj.k u rks •kjr esa gks ldrkgS vkSj u gh vki bls vesfjdk •st ldrs gSaA rkjkiqj esa ;gh gqvk fdç;qä bZèku dk <sj c<+rk pyk x;kA ge vkf[kj bl dkuwu dh •k"kk ij•jkslk D;ksa ugÈ dj jgs tks •kjr ds lkefjd ijek.kq dk;ZØe ds gkFkckaèkus ds ckjs esa dkQh Li"V gSA bl djkj dks lgh Bgjkus ds fy, ljdkjdh vksj ls lcls cM+h nyhy ;gh nh tk jgh gS fd •kjr dks viuh mtkZt:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, fctyh dh t:jr gS tks ijek.kq dsUæksa dslgkjs cM+s iSekus ij gkfly dh tk ldrh gSA ukf•dh; mtkZ cukus ds

117 118

fy, t:jh ;wjsfu;e gekjs ikl ugha gSA ukf•dh; çnkrk lewg ls;wjsfu;e gkfly djus ds fy, dqN 'krks± dks ekuuk t:jh gS vkSj blhfy,ge bUgsa Lohdkj dj jgs gSaA ukf•dh; le>kSrs dks ysdj ns'k esa ;wjsfu;edh vuqiyCèkrk dk rdZ •h dkQh [kks[kyk gSA •kjr dks viuh ÅtkZt:jrksa ds fy, bl rjg ds fdlh djkj dh t:jr ugÈ gSA ljdkj blckr dk tokc D;ksa ugÈ nsrh fd vkaèkzçns'k] mM+hlk es?kky; esa ik, x,;wjsfu;e dks tehu ls ckgj fudkyus dh igy vkf[kj vc rd D;ksa ugÈdh xbZ\ bl iwjs le>kSrs ds ekLVj&ekbaM dgs tkus okys vesfjdhvfèkdkjh ,'kys VSfyl •h viuh ,d fjiksVZ esa lkQ dj pqds gSa fd •kjrds ikl viuh t:jr ds fy, i;kZIr ;wjsfu;e gSA lkFk gh ljdkj dhckrksa esa •h fojksèkk•kl gSA oktis;h ljdkj us dsoy nks ijek.kq la;a=ksa dksfujh{k.k ds fy, [kksyus ij lgefr trkbZ FkhA tcfd eueksgu ljdkjus ns'k ds nks&frgkbZ la;a=ksa dks fujh{k.k ds fy, is'k dj fn;k gSA bldsckotwn jk"Vªifr tktZ cq'k dgrs gSa fd ;g rks ,d 'kq#vkr gS vkSj •kjrvius 90 çfr'kr ijek.kq la;a=ksa dks [kksysxkA dwVuhfr esa ysu&nsu gksrkgS ysfdu tjk ;g rks nsf[k, fd vki IysV esa ltkdj D;k nsus tk jgs gSaA

vesfjdh ncko dk gOok cukus okys ;g D;ksa •wy tkrs gSa fd os mŸkjdksfj;k vkSj bZjku dks ugÈ >qdk ik jgs gSaA •kjr rks mudh vis{kk dgÈcM+h rkdr gSA rdZ fn;k tk jgk gS fd laln esa fn;k çèkkuea=h dk c;kudkQh Li"V gS rFkk ;g •kjr ds fgrksa dh fgQktr djsxkA ysfdu gesabl ij •jkslk ugÈ gS D;ksafd vesfjdk çèkkuea=h ds mUgÈ vkÜokluksa dsbnZ&fxnZ jkLrk fudkyus dh dksf'k'k djsxk vkSj çèkkuea=h eueksgu flagdqN •h ugÈ dj ik,axsA bruk gh ugÈ vesfjdh dkaxzsl dk QSlyk iyVusdh nf"V ls jk"Vªifr cq'k •h bl le; dkQh detksj fLFkfr esa gSaA ,slsesa dkQh de txg cprh gS ftlesa nksuksa ns'kksa ds vfèkdkjh dksbZ jkLrkfudky ik,aA n

¼ys[kd iwoZ dsUæh; ea=h gSa½

vk'kadk,a lgh lkfcrçèkkuea=h dk vk'oklu Nykok

@ v#.k 'kkSjh

;g rks ns'k ds lkFk ljklj èkks[kk gSA iwjh rjg ls oknkf[kykQh gSAv•h nks&rhu fnu gh rks gq, gSa fd fons'k ea=h ç.kc eq[ktÊ us dgk Fkkfd mUgksaus çèkkuea=h eueksgu flag ls ckr dh gSA ljdkj l•h lalnh;e;kZnkvksa dk ikyu djsxhA ljdkj varjjk"Vªh; ijek.kq ÅtkZ ,tsalh¼vkbZ,bZ,½ esa r•h tk,xh tc og yksdl•k esa cgqer lkfcr dj nsAysfdu ;g rks le>kSrs dk çk:i igys gh vkbZ,bZ, dks ns pqds FksA u ns'kds yksxksa dks fn[kk;k] u foi{k dks vkSj u gh mUgsa ftudh cSlkf[k;ksa ij;g ljdkj fVdh FkhA vkbZ,bZ, esa x, le>kSrs dk elkSnk fjyht •h gqvkrks vesfjdk lsA ;g ns'k ds yksxksa ds lkFk ljklj èkks[kkèkM+h gSA ,dvYier ljdkj dks ;g gd gh ugÈ gS fd og brus cM+s varjjk"Vªh; lkSnsds fy, vkxs tk,A vc tks elkSnk lkeus vk;k •h gS] mlls lkfcr gksx;k fd ge tks vk'kadk,a O;ä djrs vk jgs Fks] og fcYdqy lgh FkÈAçèkkuea=h us ns'k vkSj laln dks tks vkÜoklu fn, Fks og lc ,d NykokFkkA eSaus igys •h dgk Fkk fd ;g le>kSrk vkSj dqN ugÈ •kjr dks xSjijek.kq ns'kksa ij ykxw gksus okyh 'krkZs esa ckaèkus dh lkft'k gSA

vkbZ,bZ, ds lwpukRed ldZqyj 66 esa tks •h 'krZs xSj ijek.kq ns'kksa ijykxw gSa fcYdqy ogh] 'kCnksa esa •h Qsjcny ugÈ gS] •kjr ij ykxw dh tkjgh gSaA çèkkuea=h dgrs Fks fd vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk •kjr vkèkkfjr fo'ks"kle>kSrk gksxkA ysfdu ;gka rks dqN •h fo'ks"k utj ugÈ vk jgk gSAvesfjdk dh fons'k ea=h dksaMkyhtk jkbl us vesfjdh dkaxzsl dks lkQdgk Fkk fd og •kjr dks ldZqyj 66 ds rgr ckaèkuk pkgrh gSaA vc

119 120

fcYdqy ogh gks jgk gSA •kjr tSls cM+s vkSj ijek.kq 'kfä laié ns'k dslkFk tSlk O;ogkj gks jgk gS] og vQlksl esa Mkyus okyk gSA ijek.kq'kfä ekus tkus okys ikap ns'kksa ds ikap lkS ijek.kq fj,DVjksa esa ls rks dsoyikap dks gh vkbZ,bZ, dh fuxjkuh ds rgr j[kk x;k gSA •kjr us vius22 esa ls 14 ijek.kq fj,DVjksa dks bldh fuxjkuh esa j[kus dh ckr eku•h yh gSA vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr tktZ cq'k rks ;gka rd dg jgs gSa fdeueksgu ljdkj us mUgsa vk'oklu fn;k gS fd vkxs py dj 90 Qhlnhfj,DVj vkbZ,bZ, dh fuxjkuh rgr vk tk,axsA gekjs gkFk ges'kk ds fy,ckaèks tk jgs gSaA

gekjs fj,DVj 60 fdyksxzke ls vfèkd ;wjsfu;e bufjpesaV {kerk okysgSaA ,sls esa fuxjkuh ds fy, baLisDVj lky esa tc pkgsa] ftruh nQk pkgsafuxjkuh djus vk ldsaxsA cM+h fparktud ckr ;g •h gS fd elkSns dseqrkfcd 14 flfoy ijek.kq fj,DVj gh ugÈ 35 ijek.kq vuqlaèkku ,oafodkl laLFkku •h bldh fuxjkuh dh tn esa vk x, gSaA elkSns ds vuqcaèk117 esa lkQ fy[kk gS fd ijek.kq fj,DVj ds vykok vU; ijek.kq lkexzhtgka&tgka tk,xh] mu l•h laLFkkuksa dh •h fuxjkuh gks ldrh gSAvuqcaèk 127 dh O;k[;k ds eqrkfcd ijek.kq vuqlaèkku ,oa fodkl laLFkku•h mlds varjxr vkrs gSaA vxj gekjs laLFkku ijek.kq 'kó cukus ds fy,dksbZ vuqlaèkku dj jgs gksaxs rks rc •h baLisDVjksa dks ogka tkus dh btktrnsuh gksxhA vesfjdk ds lkFk le>kSrs ds elkSns esa gkbM ,DV esa lkQ dgkx;k gS fd le>kSrs dk edln •kjr dh ijek.kq 'kfä dks lhfer djukvkSj fQj mls lekIr dj nsuk gSA

dgk tk jgk gS fd •kjr pkgs rks vkxs py dj le>kSrk jn dj bllsckgj vk ldrk gSA le>kSrs dh 'krjsa ds eqrkfcd •kjr ds ijek.kqfoLQksV djus ;k le>kSrk jn gksus dh fLFkfr esa vesfjdk o vU; ijek.kqvkiwfrZ lewg ns'kksa dks gd gksxk fd og vc rd •sts x, ijek.kq fj,DVj]daiksusaV] ;wy lc dqN okil ys tk,aA ijek.kq ÅtkZ vk;ksx ds vè;{kvfuy dkdksndj us eq>ls dgk Fkk fd vxj le>kSrs esa j.kuhfrd ;wyfjtoZ cukus dh 'krZ u gqbZ rks og [kqn gh le>kSrs ij jkth ugÈ gksaxsAysfdu vesfjdk ds lkFk gq, 123 le>kSrs esa vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr cuusds çcy nkosnkj cjkd vksckek dk gh ;g la'kksèku gS fd •kjr dksj.kuhfrd ¶;wy fjtoZ dk vfèkdkj ugÈ fn;k tk,A

dsoy lapkyu t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, gh ijek.kq ÅtkZ vkiwfrZdh tk,A le>k tk ldrk gS fd ge dgka Qal jgs gSa\ ;gh ugÈ] ijek.kqÅtkZ vkiwfrZ ds fy, •h oknk r•h fd;k tk,xk tc •kjr le>kSrs ijgLrk{kj dj nsxkA dgk tkrk gS fd vesfjdk us phu ds lkFk •h rksijek.kq djkj fd;k gSA mlesa •h dbZ 'krZs yxkbZ xbZ gSaA QdZ ;g gS fdphu ds lkFk djkj esa dgk x;k gS fd dksbZ •h jk"Vªh; dkuwu 123 le>kSrsesa cnyko ugÈ dj ldrkA •kjr ds lkFk le>kSrs esa dgk x;k gS fdjk"Vªh; dkuwu ,slk dj ldrk gSA ,sls esa gkbM ,DV egRoiw.kZ gks tkrkgSA le>kSrs esa dgk x;k gS fd vxj ijek.kq ÅtkZ dh fuckZèk vkiwfrZ esavM+pu vkrh gS rks •kjr la'kksèku ds mik; mBk ldrk gSA ge ;gh rksçèkkuea=h ls iwNrs vk jgs gSa fd ,slh fLFkfr esa •kjr D;k dj ik,xk\

nSfud tkxj.k] 11 tqykbZ 08

121 122

;wih, ljdkj }kjk vejhdk ds lkFkijek.kq le>kSrk fouk'kdkjh

;wih, ljdkj us vejhdk ds lkFk tks ijek.kq le>kSrkfd;k gS] mlls oSKkfudksa ds gkFkksa esa gFkdM+h yx tk,xhvkSj os Lora= :i ls vius ijek.kq dk;Zdze dks ugha pykik,axs] tks Li"V gh ns'k ds fgr esa ugha gSA blh dk fojksèkdjus ds fy, jk"Vªh; turkaf=d xBcaèku ds izfrfufèk eaMyus egkefge jk"Vªifr dks voxr djkus ds fy, 20 twu 2006dks ,d Kkiu fn;kA bl izfrfufèk eaMy esa jktx ds vè;{k,oa iwoZ izèkku ea=h Jh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h] lnu esaizfri{k ds usrk ¼yksd lHkk½ Jh yky d`".k vkMok.kh] jktxla;kstd Jh tktZ Quk±Mhl ] Hkktik ds jk"Vªh; vè;{k JhjktukFk flag] lnu esa izfri{k ds usrk ¼jkT; lHkk½ Jhtloar flag] ,oa tn¼;w½ ds vè;{k Jh 'kjn ;kno vkfnlEefyr FksA ge ;gka vaxzsth ds ewy ikB dk fgUnh :ikarj.kizLrqr dj jgs gSaA

egkefge jk"Vªifrth

ge] Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk ftl izdkj ls ijek.kq le>kSrs dks vafre :ifn;k x;k gS vkSj blesa nh xbZ 'krksZa dks Lohdkj fd;k gS] mlds izfr viuhxEHkhj fpark izxV djrs gSaA

flfofy;u vkSj fefyVjh ds chp gekjs ijek.kq la;a=ksa vkSj lqfoèkkvksadks vyx djuk cgqr dfBu gS] ;g vR;ar [kphZyk gS rFkk gekjsj.kuhfrd dk;Zdze ij bldk cqjk vlj iMs+xk ,oa ;g vuko';d Hkh gSAvkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk lqj{kk&mik, lEcUèkh le>kSrk djus vkSj blds cknvfrfjDr izksVksdky lEiUu djus ls xgjk [krjk iSnk gks tkrk gS D;ksafd

vkbZ,bZ, }kjk fujh{k.k gekjs vkarfjd ekeyksa ij gLr{ksi gS vkSj bllsgekjs oSKkfudksa dh Lora=rk lekIr gks tk,xh] tks mUgsa vHkh rd izkIrjgh gSA ;w-,l dkaxzsl esa is'k fd, x, csoj vFkkfjVh fcy*] ftl ij ppkZgks jgh gS] og ge ij vkSj Hkh dM+s nkf;Ro Fkksi nsxk tks lhVhchVh ls Hkhdgha l[r gksaxsA

bl izdkj ds vR;fèkd xgu eqÌs ij izèkkuea=h us laln vkSj Hkkjr dsyksxksa dks cqjh rjg ls xqejkg fd;k gSA ;w,l dkaxzsl ds lkeus vejhdhvfèkdkfj;ksa }kjk fn, x, oDrO;ksa ls vc ;g Li"V gks x;k gS fd blle>kSrs ls Hkkjr dks u rks leku vfèkdkj fey ik,axs vkSj u gh vkilhO;ogkj Bhd <ax ls gks ik,xkA Hkkjr ds lkFk fujarj HksnHkkoiw.kZ O;ogkjgksrk jgsxk] ftlds ckjs esa geus yxkrkj fojksèk fd;k gSA bl izdkjtqykbZ 2005 ds le>kSrs esa tks Hkh FkksMk& cgqr gesa jkgr feyh Fkh] mllsHkh Hkkjr oafpr gks tk,xkA

ge ekurs gSa fd ;w-,l- ds lkFk f}i{kh; 123 le>kSrksa* dk ikB rFkkvkbZ,bZ, ds lqj{kk&mik, le>kSrs ij igys ls gh ckr py jgh gSA tgka,d rjQ bl ckrphr ds ckjs esa gesa vaèkdkj esa j[kk x;k gS] ogha nwljhrjQ ;w,l dks lc dqN irk gSA foMEcuk ;g gS fd tgka ,d rjQ ;w-,l- dkaxzsl esa Hkkjrh; ijek.kq dk;Zdze ds Hkfo"; ds ckjs esa foLr`r ppkZgks jgh gS rks nwljh rjQ Hkkjr dh laln dks tkucw> dj vaèkdkj esa j[kktk jgk gSA

vkidks ekywe gh gS fd j.kuhfrd dk;Zdze lfgr Hkkjr ds ijek.kqdk;Zdze dk leFkZu lnSo jk"Vªh; vke lgefr vkSj n`<+ jk"Vªh; bPNk lsgqvk gSA dHkh Hkh ;g dk;Zdze fdlh ,d ikVhZ ;k fdlh ,d ljdkj dkugha jgk gSA vkt] ijek.kq le>kSrs ds ckjs esa dksbZ vke lgefr ugha gS]u gh ljdkj bl ij vke lgefr cukus dk iz;kl dj jgh gSA ge ekursgSa fd lkalnksa dh ,d cgqr cM+h la[;k bl le>kSrs ds f[kykQ gSA

orZeku ljdkj dks fiNys lkB lkyksa ds dke dks rgl&ugl djusdh btktr ugha nh tk ldrh gS fd og gekjs j.kuhfrd ijek.kq dk;Zdzedks jksd ns vkSj gekjs ijek.kq oSKkfudksa dks muds dk;Z esa Hkkjr ls ckgjnwljs yksxksa dks vuqfpr gLr{ksi djus fn;k tk,A ge dguk pkgsaxs fd,slk dksbZ le>kSrk Hkfo"; esa Hkkjr ij ckè;dkjh ugha gks ldrk gSA

lknj n

123 124

jk”Vªifr dks Kkiujk”Vªifr dks Kkiujk”Vªifr dks Kkiujk”Vªifr dks Kkiujk”Vªifr dks Kkiu

^le>kSrk* ijek.kq laiUu jk"Vªcuus esa vojksèkd

Hkkjr&vesfjdk ijek.kq le>kSrk ds eqís dks ysdj dksbZLi"Vrk ugha gS] D;ksafd bldk C;kSjk vHkh rd lkoZtfudugha gqvk gSA ;wih, ljdkj us le>kSrk djus ls iwoZ ns'k dhturk vkSj jktuhfrd nyksa dks fo'okl esa ugha fy;kA blle>kSrs ls Hkkjr dh lqj{kk [krjs esa fn[kkbZ iM+rh gSAHkktik ds ofj"B usrk vkSj iwoZ dsUæh; ea=h Mk- eqjyh euksgjtks'kh us 29 ekpZ 2006 dks bl le>kSrs ds lacaèk esaizèkkuea=h Mk- eueksgu flag dks ,d i= fy[kk] ftls ge;gka izdkf'kr dj jgs gSaA

cq'k iz'kklu us 16 ekpZ dks ;w-,l- dkaxzsl esa McY;w-,-ch- is'k fd;kAvkt rd Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa bl egRoiw.kZ fcy dk C;kSjk izdkf'kr ughagqvk gS A njvly ;g cM+s vk'p;Z] gh ugha] cfYd nq%[k dh ckr gS fdHkkjr ds yksxksa dks vesfjdh dkaxzsl esa izLrkfor bl fcy dh dksbZtkudkjh ugha gS vkSj dsanz ljdkj dh blds izfr D;k izfrfdz;k gS] ;s Hkhekywe ugha gSA

jkT;lHkk esa Hkkjr&vefjdh ijek.kq lkSns ij cgl ds nkSjku eSaus rFkknwljksa us ;g rdZ fn;k Fkk fd bl le>kSrs esa Hkkjr dh ijek.kq 'kL=ksa dh{kerk ij jksd yxk;h x;h gS ftlls Hkkjr dh lqj{kk [krjs esa gS vkSjvkbZ-,-bZ-,- }kjk fujarj Hkkjr ds flfofy;u dk;Zdze ij Hkh fujh{k.k

tkjh jgsxkA bl lkSns esa gekjs ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds lkFk Hkh le>kSrk fd;kx;k gSA vesfjdh dkaxzsl esa Jh ywxj }kjk fd;s x, vuqjksèk ds varxZr eq>sHk; gS fd gekjh vk'kadk,a lp lkfcr gks ldrh gSaA

MCY;w-,-ch- dh èkkjk 1 ¼,½ esa jk"Vªifr dks vfèkdkj fn;k x;k gS fdog Hkkjr ds ckjs esa ijek.kq mtkZ vfèkfu;e] 1954 ds dqN izkoèkkuksa dkvfèkR;kx dj ldrk gS ;fn jk"Vªifr mi èkkjk ¼ch½ esa fuèkkZfjr fuèkkZj.kksadks ekurs gksA jk"Vªifr }kjk bl fuèkkZj.k dks ekuus dk vFkZ gS fd %1- Hkkjr us vesfjdk vkSj vkbZ-,-bZ-,- dks flfoy ,oa lSU; lqfoèkkvksa]

lkexzh rFkk dk;Zdzeksa dks vyx&vyx djus dh ,d fo'oluh;;kstuk iznku dj nh gS rFkk vkbZ-,-bZ-,- dks viuh flfoy lqfoèkkvkssads ckjs esa ?kks"k.kki= QkbZy dj fn;k gksA

2- iSjk ¼1½ esa nh x;h ;kstuk esa ?kksf"kr Hkkjr dh flfoy ijek.kqlqfoèkkvksa ds ckjs esa vkbZ-,-bZ-,- dh izfdz;kvksa ds vuqlkj lqj{kk dht:jrksa dks Hkkjr rFkk vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ds chp le>kSrs dks ykxw fd;kx;k gks A

3- Hkkjr vkSj vkbZ-,-bZ-,- ,d vfrfjDr izksVksdksy ykxw djus dh fn'kkesa larks"ktud <ax ls izxfr dh gks ftlls Hkkjr dh flfoy ijek.kqdk;Zdze ij ykxw fd;k tk,xk A

4- Hkkjr cgqvk;keh fQ'kk;y eSVsfj;y dV vkWQ lafèk dks laiUu djusds fy, vesjhdk ds lkFk dke djsxkA

5- Hkkjr ,ufjpesaV vkSj jh&izkslsflax VsDukWyksth ds QSsyko dks jksdus dsfy, varjkZ"Vªh; :i ls gekjs iz;klksa dk leFkZu djsxkA

6- Hkkjr ;g fo'okl fnyk,xk fd og ijek.kq lkexzh vkSj VsDukWyksthizkIr djus ds fy, vko';d dne mBk,xk vkSj O;kid fu;kZrfu;a=.k dkuwuksa rFkk fofu;eksa vkSj felkbZy VsDukWyksth fu;a=.kO;oLFkk ,oa ,u-,l-th- xkbMykbZUl dk vuqikyu djrs gq, budkmi;ksx djsxkA

7- ,u-,l-th- esa vesfjdk dh Hkkxhnkjh ds vuq:i ijek.kq ÅtkZ vfèkfu;e1954 dh èkkjk 123 ds vuqlkj lg;ksx ds le>kSrs ds varxZrvesfjdk Hkkjr dks bldh vkiwfrZ djsxkAHkkjr }kjk bl ekU;rk ds mièkkjk ¼lh½ ds varxZr jk"Vªifr lhusV dh

fons'k lacaèkksa ij vesfjdh lgefr rFkk baVjus'kuy fjys'ku vkWQ nh gkml

125 126

ç/kkuea=h dks i=ç/kkuea=h dks i=ç/kkuea=h dks i=ç/kkuea=h dks i=ç/kkuea=h dks i=

vkWQ fjiztsaVsfVo lacaèkh lgefr dks viuh fjiksVZ nsxk A mièkkjk ¼Mh½ esadgk gS fd%

SUBSEQUENT DETERMINATION - A determination

under subsection (b) shall not be effective if the President deter-

mines that India has detonated a nuclear explosive device after the

date of enactment of this Act."

mièkkjk ¼Mh½ ds varxZr Hkkjr dks fdlh Hkh izdkj dk ijek.kq foLQksVijh{k.k djus ls LFkk;h :i ls ckgj j[kk x;k gS A bl izdkj ds iw.kZizfrcaèk dk dksbZ mYya?ku djus ij Hkkjr dks mlds flfofy;u ijek.kqdk;Zdze dks baZèku dh vkiwfrZ jksdh tk ldrh gS vkSj fQj bl mYya?kudk fu.kZ; dkSu djsxk\ D;k vesfjdh iztsaV djsaxs\ D;k bldk eryc ;gugha gS fd gekjk laiw.kZ ijek.kq dk;Zdze ¼flfoy vkSj lSU;½ vesfjdk dhekU;rk ij fuHkZj gks tk,xk\

vesfjdk }kjk cM+h pkykdh ls cuk;s x;s bl fcy ds ekè;e lsvesfjdk Hkkjr dh ijek.kq fuokjd {kerkvksa ij xq.kkRed vkSj ifjek.kkRedizfrcaèk yxk nsuk pkgrk gS vkSj ;g lqfuf'pr djuk pkgrk gS fd HkkjrdHkh Hkh laiw.kZ ijek.kq 'kL= laiUu jkT; u cuus ik;sA tgka ijek.kq 'kL=laiUu jkT; ijek.kq foLQksV djus ds fy, Lora= jgsaxs ogha Hkkjr ,slkdjus ls oafpr gks tk,xkA gekjh LoSfPNd bPNk dks ge gVk ugha ik,axsA;gka ge ns[k ldrs gSa fd ikfdLrku ij ,slk dksbZ izfrcaèk ugha yxk;kx;k gSA ikfdLrku ijek.kq 'kL=ksa ds ekeys esa Hkkjr ls vkxs fudytk,xkA geus iks[kj.k&II ds ckn Hkkjr rFkk Hkkjrh; oSKkfudksa us tksdqN Hkh izkIr fd;k gS og ekpZ 2006 esa bl Hkkjr&vesfjdh ijek.kq lkSnsij gLrk{kj djus ls xaok fn;k tk,xkA

vesfjdh iz'kklu ds bl izLrkfor fcy ds varxZr Hkkjr O;kidijh{k.k izfrcaèk lafèk dh ,d ikVhZ cu tkrk gS ftls vesfjdh lhusV usdqN o"kZ iwoZ vLohdkj dj fn;k FkkA

laln esa cgl ds nkSjku vkius fo'okl fnyk;k Fkk fd vki dHkhHkh HksnHkko Lohdkj ugha djsaxs] ijarq fcy ds bu izkoèkkuksa esa vkidh lHkhckrsa fu"Qy gks x;h gSa A

;fn McY;w-,-ch- ds izkoèkkukssa dks bl izdkj ls Hkkjr Lohdkj dj jgkgS ftls dksbZ Hkh laizHkq jk"Vª viuh j.kuhfrd vkSj ÅtkZ lqj{kk ds fy,

Lohdkj ugha dj ldrk] rks esjh jk; esa ljdkj dks bl ckr dh dksf'k'kdjuh pkfg, fd%¼d½ vesfjdk dks vius ns'k ds dkuwu ds izkoèkkuksa ds dqN [kaMksa dks

fujLr djuk pkfg, vFkok muesa la'kksèku djuk pkfg,A bl csoj:i dks vLohdkj dj nsuk pkfg,A

¼[k½ Hkkjr }kjk ijek.kq foLQksV ds LosPNk ls jksd yxkus dks LFkk;hvFkok vesfjdh dkuwu esa fn;s x;s vizfrcafèkr jksd ds :i esa cnykugha tkuk pkfg,A

¼x½ HksnHkkoiw.kZ okys lHkh izkoèkkuksa dks vLohdkj dj nsuk pkfg,A vktfo'o gesa ,d ftEesnkj 'kfDr ds :i esa ekurk gS vkSj ;fn geusbu izkoèkkuksa dks eku fy;k rks gekjs vkpj.k ij vesfjdh jk"Vzifr}kjk fuèkkZfjr ekU;rk gkoh gks tk,xhA

okf'kaxVu iksLV esa fteh dkVZj ds ,d ys[k esa mYysf[kr gSA os bllkSns ds f[kykQ gSa vkSj dgrs gSa fd Hkkjrh; usrkvksa ds ijek.kq vkdka{kkvksadks ge rhu n'kd ls Hkh vfèkd le; ls le>k jgs gSa blfy, eSa vkSj vU;jk"Vªifr;ksa us ,d fujarj uhfr cuk j[kh Fkh fd fdlh Hkh ns'k dks flfoyijek.kq VsDukWyksth vFkok vfu;af=r bZaèku dh lIykbZ rc rd ugha gksxhtc rd og ,u-ih-Vh- ij gLrk{kj djus ls badkj djrk jgsxkA mUgksausbl lkSns dks [krjukd crk;k gSA

;g ekurs gq, fd dksbZ Hkh MseksdzsV dkaxzsl esu McY;w-,-ch- dkleFkZu ugha djsxk ,sls esa fteh dkVZj dh fVIi.kh ls irk pyrk gS fdvesfjdh dkaxzsl blls Hkh dgha vfèkd dM+h 'krsZa yxk ldrh gSA

nhokj ij lkQ&lkQ fy[kk gSA vki ns'k dks fo'okl esa ysaA yksxksads eu esa xaHkhj vk'kadk,a gSaA mUgsa fo'okl fnykuk gksxk fd Hkkjr dhlaizHkqrk dh lqj{kk vkSj mtkZ ds lkFk dksbZ le>kSrk ugha fd;k tk,xkA

n

127 128

ijek.kq le>kSrs lsijek.kq&lEizHkqrk dh lekfIr

xr 3 vxLr 2007 dks Hkkjr&vejhdk ds chp gksus okysf}i{kh; 123& ijek.kq le>kSrs dk ikB izdkf'kr fd;k x;kAijek.kq mtkZ dh 'kkafriw.kZ mi;ksx lEcUèkh bl le>kSrs ijviuh izkjfEHkd fVIi.kh nsrs gq, Hkktik ds jk"Vªh; mikè;{k Jh;'koar flUgk vkSj lkaln Jh v:.k 'kkSjh us ,d oDrO; tkjh

fd;k] ftlds izeq[k va'k ge uhps izdkf'kr dj jgs gSa%&

Hkktik us vkjEHk esa gh Hkkjr& vejhdk ijek.kq le>kSrs ij viuhvkifÙk;ka izxV dh gSA tc tqykbZ 2005 esa izèkkuea=h Jh eueksgu flagdh okf'kaxVu ;k=k ds var esa la;qDr oDrO; tkjh fd;k x;k Fkk rks Jhoktis;h us ,d oDrO; tkjh dj bl le>kSrs ds ckjs esa viuh vkifÙk;kaizxV dh Fkh( mUgksaus fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjr ds j.kuhfrd ijek.kq dk;Zdzeij iM+us okys izHkko ij fo'ks"k vkifÙk trkbZ FkhA mUgksaus vlSU; rFkk lSU;:i esa ijek.kq lqfoèkkvksa dks ckaVus dh izLrkfor ;kstuk ij viuh xguvk'kadk izxV dh FkhA ckn esa] tc bl iFkDdj.k ;kstuk dks laln esa is'kfd;k x;k rks geus iqu% bldk fojksèk fd;k FkkA tc lhusV fons'k lacaèklfefr rFkk vejhdh dkaxzsl dh gkÅl baVjus'kuy fjys'kal desVh usnksuksa ns'kksa ds chp lg;ksx LFkkfir djus lEcaèkh izk:i fcy Lohdkjfd;k Fkk rks geus Hkkjr ljdkj dks igys ls psrkouh ns nh FkhA tcdkaxzsl esa gkbM ,DV ikfjr fd;k x;k Fkk rks geus bldk dM+k fojksèkfd;k FkkA tc lhusV fons'k lacaèkh lfefr rFkk vejhdh dkaxzsl dh

gkÅl baVjus'kuy fjys'kal desVh us nksuksa ns'kksa ds chp lg;ksx LFkkfirdjus lEcaèkh izk:i fcy Lohdkj fd;k Fkk rks geus Hkkjr ljdkj dksigys ls psrkouh ns nh FkhA tc dkaxzsl esa gkbM ,DV ikfjr fd;k x;kFkk rks geus bldk dM+k fojksèk fd;k FkkA tc dHkh Hkh laln esa blle>kSrs ij ppkZ gqbZ rks geus bldk fujUrj fojksèk fd;kA

Hkkjr ljdkj us dHkh Hkh gekjh fdlh Hkh Hk; vkSj vk'kadk ijxEHkhjrk ls è;ku nsuk mfpr ugha le>kA vejhdk ds lkFk le>kSrs ijizfrcaèk gksus ls iwoZ bl jk"Vªh; egRo ds eqÌs ij mlus dHkh jk"Vªh; vkelgefr cukus dk dHkh dksbZ iz;kl ugha fd;kA

geus bl le>kSrs ds ikB dks ns[kk gS vkSj gekjh izkjfEHkd izfrfdz;kbl izdkj gS&

¼1½ izR;sd i{k dks bl le>kSrs dks vius jk"Vªh; fu;eksa rFkkfofu;eksa vkSj viuh ykblsal vko';drk ds vuqlkj dk;kZfUor djukgksxkA vr% blesa tjk Hkh lUnsg ugha fd bl le>kSrs dk dk;kZUo;u2006 ds gkbM ,DV] 1954 ds ;w,l ,Vksfed buthZ ,DV ds izkoèkkuksa dsvuqlkj djuk gksxk] tks bl fo"k; ij muds jk"Vªh; fu;e gSa vkSj Hkkjrdks ijek.kq lkexzh dh vkiwfrZ lEcUèkh mldh ykblsaflax vko';drk vkSj¼vuqPNsn 42¼1½½ ds vUrxZr vkrs gSaA ftl Hkjksls ds lkFk vejhdhvfèkdkfj;ksa us fuf'pariwoZd dgk gS fd ;g le>kSrk gkbM ,DV ds buizkoèkkuksa ds lkFk caèkk gqvk gS] blfy, Hkkjr vejhdk ij dkSu lk ,DVykxw djsxk\

¼2½ le>kSrs esa nksukasa ns'kksa ds chp iw.kZ flfoy ijek.kq lg;ksx dh ckrdgh xbZ gS] ijUrq fQj Hkh vuqPNsn 2 ¼2½ ¼Mh½ esa ^ijek.kq bZaèku lkbdylEcUèkh igyqvksa** ds lg;ksx dh ckr dgh xbZ gSA bu igyqvksa dk erycvkaf'kd :i ls gS vkSj bl izdkj ijek.kq baZèku lkbdy ds lHkh igyw blle>kSrs ds vUrxZr ugha vkrs gSaA

¼3½ bl le>kSrs ds vuqPNsn 5 ¼2½ ds vuqlkj laosnu'khy ijek.kqVsDukykth] gSohokVj izksMD'ku VsDukykth] laosnu'khy ijek.kq dks Hkkjrdks rHkh LFkkukarfjr fd;k tk,xk tc bl le>kSrs esa la'kksèku gkstk,xkA bl izdkj ds LFkkukarj.k dk izkoèkku Lo;a gh bl le>kSrs esa'kkfey gksuk pkfg, Fkk] u fd bls Hkfo"; ds fy, Vky fn;k tkuk pkfg,FkkA ;g rks vthc lh O;oLFkk gSA

129 130

çsl foKfIrçsl foKfIrçsl foKfIrçsl foKfIrçsl foKfIr

131 132

blh izkoèkku esa vejhdk ds ikl vfUre nkSj dk lR;kiu djus dsckn viuh lIykbZ lEcUèkh lHkh vfèkdkj jgsaxsA blls rks ;gh lqfuf'prgksxk fd vejhdh fujh{kd ^^gekjs ijek.kq laLFkkiukvksa ds vkl&ikllnSo ?kwers jgsaxs( ftl vk'kadk dks gekjs izèkkuea=h us 17 vxLr 2006 dksjkT; lHkk dh cgl dk mÙkj nsrs gq, iwjh rjg ls udkjk FkkA

¼4½ tgka rd baZèku dh vkiwfrZ dk lEcaèk gS] le>kSrs esa vejhdk ustSlh izfrc)rk trkbZ gS] og cgqr vLi"V rFkk Hkfo";oknh izdkj dh gSA^^vejhdk dh izfrc)rk jgsxh fd og le>kSrs esa ?kjsyw fu;eksa esa la'kksèkudjus ds fy, vejhdh dkaxzsl ls jgsxhA ^le>kSrs esa vuqPNsn 5 ¼6½ ¼,½dk vk'oklu rFkk le>kSrs esa vuqPNsn 5 ¼6½ ¼ch½ dk vk'oklu u dsoy,d [kjkc izk:i.k dk mnkgj.k gS] cfYd i`FkDdj.k ;kstuk ds le;vejhdk }kjk fn, x, iqjkus vk'oklu dks tkucw> dj nksgjkrk gS vkSjml le; dh rjg gh blesa VkyeVksy dk joS;k viuk;k gqvk gSAvuqPNsn 5¼6½ ¼lh½ ds vuqlkj] vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk Hkkjr ds fof'k"Vlqj{kk&mik, le>kSrs ij Hkh ,sls gh Vky&eVksy okys vk'okluksa dsvkèkkj ij ckrphr gksxh vkSj Hkkjr dks fpjaru dky rd bu lqj{kk&mik;ksads vUrxZr viuh vlSU; ijek.kq lqfoèkkvksa dks fu;af=r j[kuk gksxkA

¼5½ bl le>kSrs ds vUrxZr Hkkjr dks ,d ubZ jk"Vªh; iqu% lalkfèkrlqfoèkk LFkkfir djuh gksxh tks vkbZ,bZ, ds vUrxZr ijek.kq lkexzhlEcUèkh iqu% lalkfèkr lqj{kk&mik;ksa ds vuqdwy j[kuh gksxhA ;fn ;gle>kSrk nks cjkcjh vkèkkj okys i{kksa ds chp gksuk gS rks D;k vejhdk Hkhmlh izdkj ds iqu% lalkfèkr lqfoèkkvksa ds izkoèkkuksa dks Lohdkj djsxk\D;k bl rjg dh lqfoèkk fdlh Hkh ^U;wfDy;j&Qkbo* ns'kksa esa rS;kj gqbZgS\

¼6½ bl le>kSrs ds vUrxZr lg;ksx lekIr gksus ds ckn fdlh Hkh i{kdks vfèkdkj gksxk fd og nwljs i{k ls dksbZ Hkh ijek.kq lkexzh] miLdj]xSj&ijek.kq lkexzh vFkok bl le>kSrs ds vUrxZr LFkkukarfjr dksbZ HkhoLrq vkSj vius mi;ksx ls rS;kj dksbZ Hkh fo'ks"k fo[k.Mu lkexzh okilys ys ¼vuqPNsn 14 ¼4½A vr% bl le>kSrs esa ftl izdkj dh ehBh Hkk"kkesa tks ckr dgh xbZ gS] mlds ckotwn izgkj dks e`nq cuk;k rks x;k gS]fQj Hkh rF; ;gh gS fd vejhdk dks viuh lHkh vkiwfrZ;ksa dks okil ysusdk gd cuk jgsxk] tks mlus bl le>kSrs ds vUrxZr Hkkjr dks nh gSA

mlls Hkh cqjh ckr ;g gS fd vuqPNsn 16 ¼3½ esa dgk gS fd le>kSrs dhlekfIr ds ckn Hkh ;s lqj{kk mik; fpjUru dky rd pyrs jgsaxs tc rdfd Hkkjr dh èkjrh ij ,slk dksbZ miLdj ;k vU; dksbZ inkFkZ ogka ekStwnjgsxkA

blfy, Li"V gS fd baZèku vkiwfrZ ds lEcaèk esa iqu%lalkfèkr vfèkdkjrFkk vkiwfrZ fd, x, miLdjksa dks okil ysus dk vfèkdkj vejhdk dsikl gkbM ,DV ds vuqlkj cuk jgsxkA nwljh rjQ Hkkjr us fpjUru dkyrd ds fy, mudh dkuwuh izfrc)rkvksa dks Lohdkj dj fy;k gSA

bl le>kSrs esa fiNys 33 o"kksZa ls rkjkiqj esa cM+h ek=k esa [kpZ gks pqdsbZaèku dk tks Hk.Mkj gS] mlds iqu% lalkèku ds ckjs esa dqN Hkh ugha gSA

le>kSrs esa ijek.kq&ijh{k.k ds ckjs esa dqN ugha dgk x;k gSA Hkkjrljdkj ds vuqlkj ;g ckr gekjs fy, cM+h larks"ktud gSA bl nf"Vdks.kdks Lohdkj ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA tc jk"Vªh; fu;e ykxw gksrs gSa]ftlesa ijek.kq vizlkj lafèk ¼,uihVh½ Hkh 'kkfey gS rks muesa 1954 dkvVkuksfed buthZ ,DV vkSj 2006 ds gkbM ,DV ds izkoèkku Hkh lkeusvkrs gSa tks ijek.kq ijh{k.kksa dk ,dne fu"ksèk djrs gSa rks ,slh fLFkfr esabl le>kSrs ds ykxw gksus ds ckn Hkkjr dks ijh{k.k dh dgka eqfDr feytkrh gS\ nwljs 'kCnksa esa] gesa cgqi{kh; lhVhchVh ls Hkh dgha vfèkd dM+sizkoèkkuksa ls bl f}i{kh; lhVhchVh dks Lohdkj djus ds fy, ckè; fd;ktk jgk gSA

2005 esa vius igys gh oDrO; esa Jh oktis;h us vlSU; rFkk lSU;lqfoèkkvksa esa ckaVus dh foÙkh; dher dk eqÌk mBk;k FkkA Hkkjr ljdkjbl ij pqIih lkèks gSA vc bl dher esa vkSj Hkh cgqr dqN tqM+ x;k gSvkSj og ;g gS fd gesa iqu% lalkfèkr lqfoèkk dh dher pqdkuh gksxh] gesavius Hkkoh fj,DVjksa dh j.kuhfrd baZèku lIykbZ ds ckjs esa vkthou dherpqdkuh gksxh rFkk vkbZ,bZ, fujh{k.kksa dh Hkkjh rFkk vukfèkdkj izos'k nsusdh dher dk cks> <ksuk gksxkA

vejhdk dh fuxjkuh i)fr ds vUrxZr rS;kj dh xbZ i`FkDdj.k;kstuk esa gekjs nks&frgkbZ fj,DVj vlSU; Js.kh esa vk tk,axsA gky esalqlfTtr lkbjl fj,DVj can gks tk,axsA Hkfo"; esa gekjs 90 izfr'krfj,DVj vlSU; Js.kh esa gksaxsA tsusok esa fu%'kL=hdj.k lfefr dh py jghckrphr esa geus ,Q,elhVh dks ;Fkkor 'kh?kz lEiUu djus ds fy,

133 134

vejhdk ds lkFk dke djus ij lgefr nh FkhA yxrk gS rc geusvUrjkZ"Vªh; lR;kiu ij viuk gB NksM+ fn;k Fkk vkSj vk'kk dh Fkh fdlHkh ns'k bls viuk,axsA bu lHkh ckrksa ds gksrs gq, gkbM ,DV ds?kqliSBh izkoèkkuksa dk gekjh j.kuhfrd ijek.kq dk;Zdze ij migklkLinizHkko iM+sxkA

Hkktik dk Li"V er gS fd ;g le>kSrk gekjh ijek.kq lEizHkqrk rFkkgekjh fons'kh uhfr fodYi ij cgqr cM+k izgkj gSA blfy, bl le>kSrsdks ftl rjg ls vfUre :i fn;k x;k gS] ge mls Lohdkj ugha dj ldrsgSaA

gekjh ekax gS fd bldk foLr`r vè;;u djus ds fy, la;qDrlalnh; lfefr xfBr dh tk,( vkSj mldh fjiksVZ is'k gksus ds ckn blle>kSrs ij gLrk{kj fd, tkus ls iwoZ laln dh Lohd`fr ysuk vko';dgS( vkSj tc rd ;g lkjh izfdz;k iwjh ugha gksrh gS rc rd dksbZ dkjZokbZLFkkfxr j[kh tk,A

ftl <ax ls bl le>kSrs dks vkxs c<+k;k x;k gS] mls ns[krs gq, ge;g Hkh ekax djrs gSa fd lafoèkku rFkk fofèk esa leqfpr la'kksèku fd, tk,rkfd ;g lqfuf'pr jgs fd ,sls lHkh le>kSrs ftuls ns'k dh lEizHkqrk]{ks=h; v[k.Mrk vkSj jk"Vªh; lqj{kk izHkkfor gksrh gS] muds fy, laln dhLohd`fr vko';d gksxhA n

Hkktik dk vkbZ,bZ, le>kSrs ijfojksèk vdkj.k ugha gS

;'koar flUgk rFkk v:.k 'kkSjh }kjk14 tqykbZ 2008 dks tkjh izsl oDrO;

8 tqykbZ dks foi{k ds usrk ¼yksdlHkk½ Jh ykyd`".k vkMok.kh rFkk,uMh, ds ?kVd nyksa ds usrkvksa us izsl lEesyu dks lEcksfèkr fd;kftleas mUgksaus ;wih, ljdkj ij vkjksi yxk;k fd mlus yksdlHkk esaigys fo'okler izkIr fd, fcuk vkbZ,bZ, ds ikl tkdj viuh èkks[kkèkM+hdh gjdrksa ls Hkkjr dks fo'o dh utjksa esa migkl dk ik= cuk fn;k gSA

ckn esa Hkktik us Hkkjr vkSj vkbZ,bZ, ds chp lqj{kk ¼lsQxkMZ½le>kSrs ds izk:i dk vè;;u fd;k blls igys fd ge bl izk:i ijviuh fofèkfor fVIi.kh djsa] Hkktik bl ckr ij dM+h vkifÙk trkrh gSfd ;g Hkkjr ds fy, xEHkhj nh?kZdkfyd fufgrkFkksZa ls tqM+k nLrkost gSvkSj ftls iwjh nqfu;k dh ljdkjksa vkSj vU; ns'k ds yksxksa dks baVjusV dsekè;e ls miyCèk djk;k x;k gS] ijUrq ftls Hkkjr dh jktuhfrd ikfVZ;ksasrFkk yksxksa ls Nqik dj j[kk x;k gSA

lqj{kk le>kSrs ds izk:i dks izèkkuea=h MkW- eueksgu flag }kjk jk"Vªdks ckj ckj fn, x, vk'okluksa dk e[kkSy cuk dj j[k fn;k x;k gSA29 tqykbZ 2005dks yksdlHkk esa cksyrs gq, dgk x;k Fkk ^^ge vejhdkdh rjg gh ogh mÙkjnkf;Ro vkSj nkf;Roksa dk fuokZg djsaxs**( ^^gesavejhdk dh rjg ds gh ogh vfèkdkj vkSj ykHk feyus dh vk'kk gS( vkSj^^Hkkjr dHkh Hkh fdlh HksnHkko dks Lohdkj ugha djsxkA** le>kSrs esa blvk'oklu dk mYy?kau gqvk gS] ftlesa Hkkjr dks vejhdk] :l] fczVsu]

çsl foKfIrçsl foKfIrçsl foKfIrçsl foKfIrçsl foKfIr

135 136

Ýkal rFkk phu ds leku ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT; ¼,uMCY;w,l½ dhrjg ekU;rk ugha nh xbZ gSA

izèkkuea=h dk vk'oklu Fkk fd le>kSrk ^bf.M;k&LisflfQd** vFkkZr~^^Hkkjr ds fy, fof'k"V** gksxk& vFkkZr~ ;g xSj&,uMCY;w,l okys le>kSrksals de dBksj vkSj vfrØe.kdkjh gksxkA mUgksaus 17 vxLr 2006 dks lalnesa vk'oklu fn;k Fkk fd ^ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu ns'k ds :i esa Hkkjr dsfy, fdlh izdkj ds lqj{kk le>kSrs ;k ,uihVh ds xSj&ijek.kq lEiUujkT;ksa ij ykxw fdlh vfrfjDr izksVksdksy ij lger gksus dk loky ghugha gSA**

fdUrq Hkkjr ds fy, fof'k"V gksus dh ckr rks nwj] ;g djkj rksxSj&ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT;ksa okys vkbZ,bZ, le>kSrks tSlk gSA igysnks i`"Bksa dks NksM+dj] ftlesa izLrkouk gS] vkSj dqN vU; viokn gSa] 'ks"kikB xSj&ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT;ksa okys vkbZ,bZ, lqj{kk le>kSrksa dsekMy ij gh vkèkkfjr gSA vejhdk dh bPNkuqlkj Hkkjr&vkbZ,bZ, djkjdk ikB ,u,uMCY;,l ds vkb,u,QlhvkbZvkjlh&66@js 9-2 ¼16flrEcj 1968½ ls gh fy;k x;k gSA

Hkkjr ds ikl ,slk dksbZ vfèkdkj ugha jgsxk ftUgas vkbZ,bZ, us ikapijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT;ksa dks ns[kk gSA ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT; dsoyLosPNk ls gh fujh{k.k djk ldrs ftUgsa os dHkh fujLr Hkh dj ldrs gSaAblds vykok] bu ikap ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu ns'kksa ds ikl ;g lEizHkqvfèkdkj izkIr gS fd os dHkh Hkh vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFk viuk lqj{kk le>kSrklekIr dj ldrs gSaA

Hkkjr&vkbZ,bZ, lqj{kk djkj LFkk;h vofèk rd fujarj pyrk jgsxk]blesa dkuwuh :i ls fujLr u fd, tkus okys nkf;Ro gSa] ftUgas Hkkjr urks fuyfEcr dj ldrk gS] u gh lekIr dj ldrk gS] Hkys gh vkiwfrZdrkZjkT; bZaèku vkSj vU; {kfrLFkkfir iqtkZs dh vkiwfrZ jksd nsaA Hkkjr esavkbZ,bZ, ds fujh{k.k lkekU; izdkj ds ugha gksaxs cfYd os ,sls dM+s <axds gksaxs vkSj bUgsa gh xSj&ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUu jkT;ksa ij ykxw fd;ktk,xkA

djkj dk izk:i Bhd oSlk gh gS &'kCn&c&'kCn] ,d&,d iSjk oghgS] tSlk fd vejhdh iz'kklu pkgrk FkkA Hkkjr us u dsoy ,sls dBksj^^lkekU;** fujh{k.k dh ckr Lohdkj dh gS ftlesa ^^fdlh Hkh le;

fujh{k.k** fd;k tk ldsxk] cfYd ^^fo'ks"k fujh{k.k** dh ckr dks HkhLohdkj fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr&vkbZ,bZ, djkj ds iSjk 63 esa dgk x;k gSfd ^^,tsalh fo'ks"k fujh{k.k dj ldrh gS ;fn ¼d½ fdlh fjiksVZ ls irkpyrk gS fd bl izdkj ds fujh{k.k dh vko';drk gS( ;k ¼[k½ fdUghvizR;kf'kr gkykr esa ,slk djuk rqjar vko';d gks tk,A cksMZ ckn esa blizdkj fd, tkus okys izR;sd fujh{k.k ds dkj.kksa vkSj ifj.kkeksa dh lwpuknsxkA**

nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ,tsalh ds ikl ^fo'ks"k fujh{k.k* djus dk vfèkdkjjgsxk] ;fn og le>rh gS fd lqj{kk le>kSrs esa nh xbZ fdlh Hkkjrh;lqfoèkk ;k fjiksVZ ds fdlh dk;Z ij la'k; iSnk gks tkrk gSA mÙkjhdksfj;kbZ ekeys esa cksMZ us fo'ks"k fujh{k.k dh ckr dk vuqeksnu fd;k Fkkftls I;kax;kax us euk dj fn;k FkkA ijUrq Hkkjr us vkbZ,bZ, ds lkFkdjkj cksMZ dh iwoZ lgefr ds fcuk gh fo'ks"k fujh{k.k dh ckr ij lgefrns nh gSA

djkj ds [k.M 34 vkSj 39&42 esa Hkkjr us lgefr izxV dh gS fdtSls gh Hkkjr fdlh lqfoèkk ds fuekZ.k ;k mlesa gksus okys la'kksèku esa dksbZfu.kZ; ysrk gS rks og ml fMtkbu dh lwpuk iznku djsxkA bl izdkj]u d soy vkb Z,u,Qlhvkb Zv kj lh&66 ] c fYdvkbZ,u,QlhvkbZvkjlh&153 ds vUrxZr vkbZ,bZ, ds rhuksa baLVªwesaVksa ij;g lwpuk ykxw gksxhA [kaM 117 vkSj 127 ds vUrxZr Hkh] u dsoy 14fj,DVj] cfYd buds vykok vU; 21 laLFkku vkSj LFky Hkh] ftuesa fo'ks"k:i ls ^vkj,aMMh* lqfoèkk,a Hkh 'kkfey jgsaxh] blls lqj{kk le>kSrs dsvUrxZr vk tk,axhA bldk eryc ;g gqvk fd ikap ijek.kq 'kL= lEiUuns'kksa us dqy 11 lqfoèkk,a iznku djus dk izLrko j[kk gS& tks dqylqfoèkkvksa dk 1 izfr'kr ls Hkh de cSBrk gS& ijUrq Hkkjr us vkbZ,bZ,fujh{k.k ds fy, viuh lHkh 35 lqfoèkkvksa ds fujh{k.k dh ckr ij lgefrtrk nh gS] ftudk ftØ izèkkuea=h us laln esa 2006 esa fd;k FkkA

bu lqfoèkkvksa eas 14 ikoj fj,DVj 'kkfey gSa( rhu gSoh okVj IykaVFkky&os'ksV] gthjk vkSj V~;wVhdksfju esa gS( Ng izfr"Bku gSnjkckn esaU;wfDy;j ;wy dEiySDl esa gS( izhQj* iqu% izlaLdj.k la;a= rkjkiqj esa gS(vkSj ukS vuqlaèkku lqfoèkk,a gSa] tSls VkVk baLVhV~;wV vkQ QaMkesaVy fjlpZ]cksMZ vkQ jsfM,'ku ,aM vkblksVksi VsDukykth vkSj lkgk baLVhV~;wV vkQ

137 138

U;wfDy;j fQftDlA blds vykok] izèkkuea=h us lu 2010 rd lkbjufjlpZ fj,DVj dks can djus ij lgefr ns nh gS] tks Hkkjr ds nks fjlpZfj,DVjksa eas ls ,d gS] tgka dSiu&xzsM IywVksfu;e dk mRiknu gksrk gSA

buesa ls dbZ lkekU; lqfoèkk,a gSa U;wfDy;j esfMlhu] [kk|kUuksa easfofdj.krk lekIr djuk] U;wfDy;j mtkZ vkSj ijek.kq 'kL=kL=A Bhd ;ghckr geus laln esa Hkh dgh FkhA

gkbM ,DV dh èkkjk 104¼ch½ ¼2½ ds vUrxZr Hkkjr dh bu lqfoèkkvksaij fuxjkuh jgsxhA bl ckr dks dksaMksyhtk jkbl rFkk vU; us Hkh viusizsl lEesyuksa ij dbZ ckj nksgjk;k gSA

Hkkjr ds fy, lcls cM+h fpark dh ckr ;g gS fd bZaèku vkiwfrZ esa ckèkkiM+us dh gkyr esa djkj ds elkSns eas rFkkdfFkr lqèkkjkRed mik;* iwjhrjg ls vLi"V gSa gkbM ,DV ds vuqlkj Hkkjr&vkbZ,bZ, djkj eas fuxjkuhO;oLFkk thvksohA 1621 ¼1973½ nLrkost ls caèks gSaA mnkgj.kkFkZ [k.M 29esa dgk gS% ^^thvksoh@1621 ¼20 vxLr 1973½ ds izkoèkkuksa dks 'kkfeydjrs gq, bl le>kSrs dh 'krksZa dh enksa dks lekIr dj fn;k tk,xkAgkykfd thvksoh@1621 nLrkost lkoZtfud ugha fd;k x;k gS] ijUrqblds izeq[k fuèkkZj.k lHkh dks ekywe gSa fd lqfoèkk&fof'k"V lqj{kk&mik,fpjaru dky rd pyrs jgsaxs ftlesa vUrjkZ"Vªh; lqj{kk&mik;ksa dks fuyafcrfd, tkus vkSj lqèkkjkRed mik; djus dh xqatkb'k ugha gSA thvksch@1621dh ,slh Kkr 'krsZa gSa ftuesa lHkh ijek.kq lkefxz;ksa ds ckjs esa lEcfUèkrikfVZ;ksa ds vfèkdkj vkSj nkf;Ro fpjraudky rd rc rd pyrs jgsaxs tcrd fd bl lkexzh dks ykSVk u fn;k tk, vFkok vkiwfrZ dh xbZ]mRikfnr vFkok izlaLd`r fo[k.Mt lkexzh badsVjh ls ckgj u gks tk,A

Hkkjr&vkbZ,bZ, ds [kaM 22 esa] Hkkjr vkbZ,bZ, dh iwoZ lgefr lslqj{kk le>kSrs dh lqfoèkk,a okfil ys ldrk gS( ijUrq og rHkh lEHko gStc lqj{kk le>kSrs dh n`f"V lEcaèkh fdlh ijek.kq xfrfofèk dk dksbZmi;ksx u jg x;k gks] ftldk vFkZ ;g gS fd ,tsalh dh larqf"V dsvuqlkj ijek.kq {kerk dks èoLr dj fn;k x;k gks ;k fQj og LFkk;h :ils fu"izHkkoh gks xbZ gksA

bldk lEcUèk bl ckr ls tqM+k gS fd 1974 ds ckn ls gq, lHkhvkbZ,u,QlhvkbZvkj@66@js 9-2 le>kSrs fdlh fuf'pr le; ls u tqM+dj lkexzh vFkok enksa dh lIykbZ fd, tkus okys jkT;ksa ds okLrfod

iz;ksx ls caèks gSaA fdUrq ;g lqj{kk&mik; ewy :i ls lIykbZ dh xbZmRikfnr ijek.kq lkexzh ds ckn dh lHkh ihf<+;ksa ij ykxw gksrh gSAvkbZ,u,QlhvkbZvkj@66-js9-2 ekud ,sls fdlh ns'k dks Hkh 'kkfey ughadjrs gSa tks jk"Vªh; lqj{kk vkèkkj ij lqj{kk mik;ksa ls fdlh fuèkkZfjrflfofy;u lqfoèkk dks okil ys ysrk gSA

;g Hkh è;ku nsus dh ckr gS fd lqèkkjkRed mik;ksa* dk mYys[k dsoyizLrkouk esa gS]vkSj le>kSrs ds vkizsfVo Hkkx esa bls 'kkfey ugha fd;k x;kgSA

fpark dk ,d dkj.k vkSj Hkh gS vkSj og ;g gS fd ;fn fdlhckr ij vlgefr ;k fookn [kM+k gks tk, rks eè;Lrk dk izkoèkkuHkh ugha gSA Hkkjr dsoy cksMZ eas viuk ekeyk izLrqr dj ldrkgS ¼[k.M 104 ls 106½] ftlds fu.kZ; dks dk;kZfUor djuk gekjsfy, t:jh gks tk,xkA ;fn Hkkjr cksMZ ds funsZ'kksa ij ugha pysxkrks Hkkjr }kjk vuqikyu u fd, tkus dh fjiksVZ la;qDr jk"Vªtujy vlsEcyh vkSj lqj{kk ifj"kn dks dj nsxkA foxr dkvuqHko crkrk gS fd tc dHkh Hkh ;w,u,llh ds ikl dksbZ HkkjrlEcUèkh fookn Hkstk x;k gS rks Hkkjr dks dHkh U;k; ugha feyk gSA

^,Mh'kuy izksVksdky* dh cM+h ppkZ dh xbZ gS tSls fd Hkkjr ds lkFkcM+h fj;k;r dh xbZ gS mlds lkFk dqN [kkl izdkj dk O;ogkj cjrkx;k gSA lp rks ;g gS fd ;g gekjs ns'k ds fy, ,d cM+k isap dl nsustSlk gSA vkSj blds gkbM ,DV esa mfYyf[kr rHkh fd;k x;k gSA

^,Mh'ku izksVksdky* esa ;g lqfuf'pr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS fdfo'ks"khdr miLdj] izf'kf{kr dkfeZdksa vkSj fMtkbukas rFkk vkizsfVax eSuqvydks flfofy;u dk;ZØe ls fefyVjh dk;ZØe eas LFkkukUrfjr ugha fd;ktk,xkA gkbM ,DV dgrk gS fd Hkkjr ds fy, ,Mh'kuy izksVksdky* dkvkèkkj ekMy ,Mh'kuy izksVksdky ij jgsxk] ftldk fuèkkZj.k vkbZ,bZ, dslwpuk ldqZyj ¼vkbZ,u,QlhvkbZvkjlh½ 540** esa fuèkkZfjr gS] vFkkZr~izksVksdky xSj&ijek.kq lEiUu 'kL=kL= jkT;ksa ij ykxw gksrk gSA bldsfoijhr izèkkuea=h us 17 vxLr 2006 dks laln eas vk'oklu fn;k Fkk fd^^ijek.kq 'kL=k'kL= lEiUu jkT; gksus ds ukrs Hkkjr fdlh ,sls lqj{kkle>kSrs ;k fdlh ,Mh'ku izksVksdky ij viuh lgefr ns tks ,uihVh dsxSj&ijek.kq 'kL=kL= lEiUu jkT;kas ij ykxw gksrs gksaA**

139 140

fuEufyf[kr dk rks dksbZ izkoèkku gh ugha gS% ¼d½ fuf'pr] vckèk :ils bZaèku dh vkiwfrZ( ¼[k½ bZaèku dk LVsªVsftd fjtoZA 123 le>kSrs esa] vckèk:i ls bZaèku dh vkiwfrZ dk ok;nk iwjh rjg ls laHkkfor gSA vxLr 2006esa] mnkgj.k ds fy,] izèkkuea=h us laln esa dgk Fkk fd ^^;g egRoiw.kZvk'oklu gS fd Hkkjr ds fj,DVjksa ds fy, thouHkj ijek.kq bZaèku dsLVsªVsftd fjtoZ ds fuekZ.k djus dk Hkkjr ds ikl vfèkdkj jgsxkA**vkbZ,bZ, ds fn, x, izk:i esa ,slk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gS fd Hkkjr dslqj{kk le>kSrs ds nkf;Ro tkjh jgsaxs tks LFkk;h :i ls bZaèku dh vkiwfrZesa ckèkk ugha MkysaxsA** njvly le>kSrs esa ;g ckr lkQ&lkQ dgh gSfd Hkkjr vkbZ,bZ, lqj{kk mik;ksa ls gV dj dksbZ okLrfod lqèkkj ugha djldsxk vU;Fkk bZaèku dh vkiwfrZ [kRe gks tk,xhA

oLrqr% 123 le>kSrs esa Hkh tks izkoèkku fd;k x;k gS] mls Hkhnjfdukj dj fn;k x;k gSA 123 le>kSrs ds vuqPNsn 5 ¼lh½ esa fo'ks"k :ils mYys[k gS fd ^vesjhdk ds lkFk mi;qZDr lgefr gks tkus ij Hkkjrfof'k"V lqj{kk le>kSrs ij Hkkjr vkSj vkbZ,bZ, ds chp ckrphr gksxhftlls fons'k bZaèku vkiwfrZ esa ckèkk iM+us dh gkyr esa Hkkjr ds flfofy;uijek.kq fj,DVjksa ds fuckZèk vkizs'ku ds fy, ;fn Hkkjr dksbZ lqèkkjkRedmik; djuk pkgrk gS vkSj fdlh Hkh le; flfofy;u mi;ksx ds fy,lqjf{kr ijek.kq lexzh dh okilh ds f[kykQ lqj{kk&mik;ksa dk izkoèkkufd;k tk,A** ¼i`"V 10&11½

vkbZ,bZ, ds [k.M 3 esa izkoèkku gS fd ^bl le>kSrs ds vUrxZr lqj{kkmik;ksa dk mÌs'; fdlh Hkh le; flfofy;u mi;ksx ls lqjf{kr ijek.kqlkexzh dh okilh ds f[kykQ lrdZrk cjrh tk,A** è;ku nhft, fd Bhd;gh 'kCn 123 le>kSrs esa Hkh fn, x, gSaA ijUrq 123 le>kSrs esa fn, x,;s 'kCn tkucw> dj xk;c j[ks gSaA blh izdkj LVsªVsftd fjtoZ ds vkizsfVoHkkx esa budk dksbZ mYys[k ugha gSA Bhd Hkh gS% ;g vkbZ,bZ, dk dkeugha gS fd og bZaèku dk LVkd cukus esa enn djsa& fQj Hkh ljdkjh izoDrkdk dguk gS fd le>kSrs esa ;s 'kCn gSaA

vkf[kjh ckr] Hkktik tqykbZ 2005 ls gh ljdkj ls ekax djjgh gS fd ;g rks ekywe gks fd fefyVªh ls flfofy;u lqfoèkkvksadks vyx djus dh ykxr D;k vkrh gS\ ljdkj us vkt rd blegRoiw.kZ iz'u dk mÙkj ugha fn;k gSA

tqykbZ 2005 esa okf'kaxVu Mhlh ds izsl lEesyu eas izèkkuea=h us dgkFkk% ^^---- ;g dgus dh ckr ugha gS fd ge ,d O;kid vke lgefr ijgh vkxs c<+ ldrs gsaA** yxHkx rhu o"kZ chr tkus ds ckn Hkh Hkkjr&vejhdhdjkj ij dksbZ O;kid vke lgefr ugha cu ikbZ gSA izèkkuea=h us ml vkelgefr dks rksM+k gS tks Jherh bafnjk xkaèkh ds le; ij cuh Fkh vkSj tksJh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h ds le; rd pyrh jgh FkhA

blds ihNs lpeqp ;wih, ljdkj dh nksxyh uhfr vkSj èkks[kkèkM+h gSAtgka ,d rjQ ljdkj yxkrkj dgrh vk jgh gS fd ;g djkj iwjh rjgls ijek.kq mtkZ ds fy, gS] ogha vejhdh iz'kklu us bl ckjs esa tjk Hkhlansg ugha j[kk gS fd ;g djkj rks Hkkjr dks vizlkj lafèk ds nk;js esa ykusds fy, gSA

Hkktik dkaxzsl ikVhZ ds usr`Ro vkSj ljdkj ij vkjksi yxkrh gS fdos vejhdk dh bl ckjs esa enn dj jgs gSa ftlls vejhdk Hkkjr dsf[kykQ viuh bl vR;ar egRoiw.kZ fons'kuhfr dks bl <ax ls gkfly djys tks mtkZ lqj{kk dk Hkze iky dj Hkkjr dh LVsªVsftd Lok;Ùkrk dh dcz[kksn nsA

lkjka'k ;g gS fd Hkktik ;g ckr iwjs tksjnkj <ax ls dguk pkgrhgS fd geus tks Hkh vk'kadk,a O;Dr dh Fkha] og ,dne lgh fl) gqbZ gSAizèkkuea=h us ftrus Hkh egRoiw.kZ vk'oklu fn, Fks] mu lcdk mYya?kugqvk gSA fQj Hkh ljdkj gS fd >wB ij >wB cksys pys tk jgh gSA