indigenous natural products producer and processor … ppo quarterly... · 2018-09-27 · quarterly...

Commissioned by the Millennium

Challenge Account Namibia with

funding from the Millennium

Challenge Corporation

Indigenous Natural Products

Producer and Processor Organisations Sub-activity

Quarterly Progress Report 6

29th February 2012

QUARTERLY PROGRESS REPORT 6

(Report Reference Number 15)

PROJECT DETAILS

Project Name: Indigenous Natural Products Producer and Processor

Organisations Sub-Activity

Project ID: MCAN/COM/RFP/3C01001-A

Project Sponsor: Commissioned by the Millennium Challenge Account Namibia

with funding from the Millennium Challenge Corporation

Reporting Period: 1st December 2011-29th February 2012

Report Submission Date: 3rd April 2012

Team Leader: James Leith

Contact details: Tel: +264 (0)61 228509

[email protected]

Suggested citation: NRI (2012a), ‘Quarterly Progress Report 6’, MCA-N Indigenous Natural

Products Producer and Processor Organisations Sub-activity Report Number 15, Natural

Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, UK.

Front cover: Ximenia oil seller in Ohangwena. Photo: Carol Murphy

Quarterly Progress Report #6

INP PPO Sub-activity i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

LIST OF ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... ii

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................... 1

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................ 6

2. ESSENTIAL OILS ......................................................................................................................... 7

2.1 Commiphora ........................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Mopane ................................................................................................................................ 10

2.3 Sarcocaulon .......................................................................................................................... 11

3. LIPID OILS ................................................................................................................................ 12

3.1 Marula .................................................................................................................................. 12

3.2 Ximenia ................................................................................................................................. 17

4. DEVIL’S CLAW ......................................................................................................................... 21

5. MARKETING ............................................................................................................................ 30

5.1 INP Market Development Plan ............................................................................................. 30

5.2 Marketing Dashboard ........................................................................................................... 33

6. OTHER ACTIVITIES................................................................................................................... 40

7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................... 41

8. PROJECT RISKS ........................................................................................................................ 45

9. OUTSTANDING ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................ 47

ANNEX A. SERVICE AGREEMENTS ............................................................................................... 49

ANNEX B. SUMMARY OF STATUS OF PREPARATION OF TRAINING MODULES........................... 53

ANNEX C. SUMMARY OF EXISTING PPIG CONTRACTS ................................................................ 55

ANNEX D. WORK PLAN FOR 2012 ................................................................................................ 56

ANNEX E. AN EXAMPLE OF A DEVIL’S CLAW PURCHASING AGREEMENT .................................. 65

#6 Quarterly Progress Report

ii INP PPO Sub-activity

LIST OF ACRONYMS

CBO Community Based Organisation

CDSS Conservancy Development Support Services

CEO Chief Executive Officer

CF Community Forest

CRIAA SA-DC Centre for Research Information Action in Africa-Southern Africa

Development and Consulting

DC Devil’s Claw

DCD Division of Cooperative Development

DoF Directorate of Forestry

EU European Union

EWC Eudafano Women’s Cooperative

EWMM Eudafano Women’s Marula Manufacturing Pty Ltd

IF Innovation Fund

INP Indigenous Natural Products

IRDNC Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation

KAP Katutura Artisans Project

KCCA Kunene Commiphora Conservancies Association

KMS Kalahari Melon Seed

MAT Mutually Agreed Terms

MAWF Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry

MCA-N Millennium Challenge Account Namibia

MCC Millennium Challenge Corporation

MET Ministry of Environment and Tourism

MIS Market Information System

MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry

NBRI National Botanical Research Institute

NCR North Central Regions (Omusati, Oshana, Ohangwena, Oshikoto)

NEOi Namibian Essential Oil Innovation Project

NNF Namibia Nature Foundation

NRI Natural Resources Institute of the University of Greenwich, UK

OC Organic Certification


INP PPO Sub-activity iii

OPF Opuwo Processing Facility

PIC Prior Informed Consent

PPIG Primary Production Improvement Grant

PPO Producer and Processor Organisation

PTA PhytoTrade Africa

Q6 Quarter 6 of Sub-activity (Q7= Quarter 7 etc.)

QPR Quarterly Progress Report

SME Small and Medium Enterprise

Tbc To be confirmed

TM Trainers’ Manual

TR Training Activity

TS Technical Support

UM Users’ Manual

UoG University of Greenwich

VCS Value Chain Specialist


INP PPO Sub-activity 1

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Introduction

This is the 6th Quarterly Progress Report (QPR6) to the Millennium Challenge Account Namibia

(MCA-N) for the Indigenous Natural Products Producer and Processor Organisations (INP PPO)

Sub-Activity, and covers the period from 1st December 2011 to 29th February 2012.

The purpose of the report is to describe how the Natural Resources Institute (NRI) is achieving

the objectives and milestones for all the tasks of the Sub-Activity that have been set out in the

work plan as detailed in the Inception Report. This section summarises the key findings of QPR6

and identifies the highlights.

NRI and the Service Providers have now signed 56 service contracts with PPOs. The

target for this stage of the Sub-Activity was 30.

The INP-PPO sub-Activity is ahead of target in eight of 10 Monitoring and Evaluation

Tracking Indicators.

The Director visited during the quarter and supported the handover of Team Leaders.

Demand for Ximenia americana sub-species americana has proven stronger than expected

Marula and Ximenia species have both seen declines in fruit availability owing to adverse

weather conditions

Devil’s Claw sales from Namibia in 2011 were far higher than in the previous two years,

and record amounts were sustainably harvested. Ecoso will increase its minimum price

to Devil’s Claw harvesters in the coming season by N$2/kg. Last season most harvesters

were paid N$3/kg above the minimum price. A management fee of about N$4/kg will be

paid on top of the price paid to harvesters to cover PPO Devil’s Claw management costs.

The proportion of overall Devil’s Claw sales in Namibia that is sustainably harvested is

now extremely high compared to just two or three years ago and is expected to rise.

Essential oils

Commiphora

Following the signing of a term sheet between Phytotrade and V Mane Fils, negotiations

continued with the common intent of establishing a strong business relationship involving the

direct supply of their resource by the Commiphora Conservancies Association.

Since the Association gave its support to the work being done to promote the potential trade

work towards its achievement has remained a priority.

Meike Honens has carried out intensive technical and organisational training on such as stock

control of raw materials and distillation processes.


2 INP PPO Sub-activity

This work has been supported by the NEOi project of the MCA-N Innovation Fund, which

releases extra funding that enables a greater market focus than the INP PPO sub-activity alone.

(a) Mopane

V Mane Fils is also interested in Mopane as a source of essential oil. While it is still testing the oil

and its potential market, no Mopane processing took place at OPF during the quarter. Samples

of Mopane leaf, seed and the meal by-product of chemical oil-extraction are currently being

reviewed at NRI for their potential application for insect repellents.

(b) Sarcocaulon

There was no activity this quarter. V. Mane Fils apparently remains very interested in the

product.

V Mane Fils have signed a term sheet with PhytoTrade Africa that could offer a major

opportunity for essential oils from products supplied by Namibian PPOs, notably in Kunene. The

INP PPO sub-Activity combined with NEOi is in a position where it may be able to be party to a

very significant leap forward in the market combined with positive outcomes for producers

Lipid oils

(a) Marula

A major concern for the Eudafano Women Cooperative (EWC) is the producer price for Marula

kernels and addressing the decline in membership at association level in 2012.

The Marula fruit processing and juice marketing at Eudafano factory (EWMM) should see an

improvement on the last year, which was badly affected by floods during the fruiting season.

This season’s juice production provides the baseline data from which the up-scaling under the

MCA-N Innovation Fund Marula Fruit Chemistry project managed by PhytoTrade Africa will be

measured. A draft business model was developed with EWC/EWMM.

With the quarter falling in the main rain and cropping season, training events were not

scheduled at village and association level. However, technical discussions were held with

EWC/EWMM and technical support provided towards growing the Marula oil business in 2012,

including an earlier and larger supply of kernels; and testing and verifying methods for improving

the quality of kernels, and preventing contamination in the supply chain during the forthcoming

Marula kernel season.

(b) Ximenia

TTP is in the process of being provisionally registered as a Cooperative with the Division of

Cooperative Development in the Ministry of Agriculture Water and Forestry (MAWF).

Technical support was provided to TTP to follow-up on the Ximenia resource survey of 2011 and

collect additional field data on fruit yield and harvesting, as well as fruit samples.

TTP was assisted in mobilising current and potential members and branches to increase the

harvest and supply of Ximenia as much as possible in 2012, despite the heavy winter frost and

adverse rain and wind conditions during flowering and fruiting.

Export demand for Ximenia oil remains strong. Oil processed from 2011 TPP Kernels is still being

exported.



Active collaboration has continued with PhytoTrade Africa’s Innovation Fund Oils project in view

scaling up and improving the efficiency of processing.

Devil’s Claw

As the post-harvesting monitoring data in Section 4 demonstrate, harvesting practice varies

enormously and is still extremely poor in some places. The Kyaramacan Association suspended

the harvesters of Omega 1, Shamkwi and Mangarang for the 2012 season, not only for poor

performance but on the ground that having being trained in sustainable harvesting practice

there was little excuse for not practising it. The PPO board has decided that these villages will

not be included in the permit application for the 2012 harvesting season and harvesting sites will

be monitored to ensure that no harvesting takes place. By so doing the negative impact on

resource will be mitigated while the harvesters will learn the long-term livelihoods benefits of

sustainable harvesting practice linked guaranteed market access. They will be able to take

advantage of that opportunity on condition they adhere to the requirements imposed upon

them by the PPO this year.

Intensive training focussing mainly on organisational and business management began in

February in the build-up to the next season. The various training modules carried out are listed

in the main Devil’s Claw section, below.

The service providers discuss prices and the varying PPO management costs with Ecoso, the

buyer, in advance of offers being made to the PPOs to discuss and sign purchasing agreements.

Three Devil’s Claw PPOs are certified organic under Ecocert. Ecocert recognises the existing

system under the INP-PPO sub-activity as applied to Devil’s Claw as certifiable. Devil’s Claw

enrichment training trials started in Vergenoeg and in Gemsbokfontein with the long-term aim

of establishing nurseries to in turn establish semi-managed and wild DC populations.

Other activities

Updated PPO Profile reports have now been completed for organisations that NRI either

currently support or will add to its portfolio in 2012.

We are pleased to report that both Hoodia and Devil’s Claw Working Groups have re-started

after a long hiatus. NRI will provide support to these.

NRI has received praise for its gender work from the MCC Social & Gender Awareness

Assessment visit.

Sales data, summarised below, indicates a year on year decline in sales. This reflects supply

shortfalls resulting from exceptional rains in 2011 (rather than any fundamental change in

market conditions for INPs).

NRI replaced its in-country Team Leader, Dr Robert Ridgway, during the quarter with James

Leith. A one month hand-over period was conducted.



Natural prodcuts are traditionally harvested and controlled by women. The sub-activity teams

are aware of a risk that commericialisation may threaten that control and continues to provide

both training on and monitoring of social integration and change. In general, women have

maintained a high level of control over the focues resources and the income from them after

commercialisation. During this quarter, work on gender and integration could not be carried out

in all areas but is reported on under the relevant sections below.

Key issues and recommendations

There is a concern about the risk of chemical contamination of certain INPs. This continues to be

examined by the team who are in turn working with MCA-N to seek to ensure that any such

contamination can be avoided.

The sub-activity is concerned about recent confusion or inconsistency with regard to the issuing

of group harvesting permits for Devil’s Claw. It is essential for the practical implementation of

the sub-activity with reference to Devil’s Claw that single permits are issued at the conservancy

level, not to villages within a named conservancy and that this is clear to all stakeholders

A key recommendation of the quarter was to change the Devil’s Claw buying agreements

between PPOs and Ecoso that which will come into effect during Q7.These will use the new

single per kg ‘management fee’. The PPOs will still receive a negotiated amount from Ecoso over

and above the pre-agreed agreed minimum price, but with assistance from the service provider

they will themselves cost the various tasks of managing the service of supply to form the basis of

negotiation with the buyer.

A priority for Q7 is to move forward with extending Devil’s claw certification in a manner which

is appropriate to the circumstances of its harvest, storage and sale. Three conservancies have

been certified under Ecocert following recognition of those needs.

0 186

58

558

2227

11 0 186 244

801

3028 3039

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6

INP Sales to Date (N$ '000s)

Quarterly Sales Cumulative Sales



During the next quarter the team want to finalise the MoU between Kunene Commiphora

Conservancy Association KCCA and Phytotrade in a manner in which all parties feel represents

both the ability to move forward in business and maintaining ownership and rights over their

resource.

A further concern of the NRI team has been the introduction of the withholding tax on

consultancy fees paid by Namibian resident entities to non-resident entities of 25%.By the end

of the quarter this proposed legislation had, to our understanding been passed and is expected

to come into force during Q7. This may affect some of NRI’s service providers who will have to

change their existing contracts. We understand that at the time of writing MCA was working to

find a solution to this issue.

The reason this is of concern to the sub-Activity is not to avoid paying tax in Namibia per se, but

because local partners employ consultants who are registered as tax-payers elsewhere and who

are unlikely to be keen on paying tax on fees in two places at their current rates, and are

therefore likely to seek to charge more for their services.

No budget has been set aside for this risk. It should be noted that this may affect not only

service providers but also potentially PPOs, particularly in relation to fees paid to organic

certifiers, who are already expensive.



1. INTRODUCTION

This is the 6th Quarterly Progress Report (QPR5) submitted to the Millennium Challenge Account

Namibia (MCA-N) for the Indigenous Natural Products Producer and Processors Organisations

(INP PPO) Sub-Activity, and covers the period from 1st December 2011 29th February 2012.

During the quarter agreement was reached on a new report delivery schedule of one month

following the reporting period.

The report has been compiled by the Sub-Activity implementation team of the Natural

Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich (UoG) and the three Namibian service

providers: Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC); Centre for Research

Information Action in Africa Southern Africa-Development and Consulting (CRIAA SA-DC); and

Namibia Nature Foundation (NNF).

The purpose of the report is to describe how the implementation team is achieving the

objectives and milestones for all the tasks of the Sub-Activity that have been set out in the work

plan as detailed in the Inception Report approved in August 2010.

The objectives of the Sub-Activity are to enable an increased number of poor rural communities

to generate sufficient supplementary incomes to significantly improve their livelihoods through

the production and processing of indigenous natural products (INPs). They will achieve this

through the use of the INPs in a manner that is sustainable and emphasises the importance of

biodiversity conservation.

The main body of the text is in Sections Two, Three and Four, which take each of six INPs in turn

and describe the current status of work on them that is being undertaken with relevant PPOs.

These INPs are Commiphora, Mopane and Sarcocaulon, which produce essential oils; Marula and

Ximenia, which produce lipid oils; and Devil’s Claw.

Other activities are described in the following Section Five, which describes special, one-off or

cross-cutting activities from the quarter.

As in QPR5, NRI has strengthened its reporting on marketing development and planning,

reflecting their increased prioritisation in the sub-activity. Section Six presents both a marketing

development plan and a marketing ‘dashboard’. In addition, each species section has a sub-

section on marketing relevant to it.

Monitoring and evaluation data are in Section Seven, updated risks faced by the sub-Activity in

Section Eight, outstanding issues and recommendations in Section Nine, concluding the main

text of the report.

By agreement with MCA-N, the indicator targets in this report refer to those established for

QPR5. The recently modified indicators will be applied to QPR7.

Tables, maps and the log frame, which are updated quarterly, are now placed in separate

Annexes A, B, C and D at the end of the report as reference material.

NRI successfully changed its Team Leader during the quarter. Dr Robert Ridgway has now retired

and was replaced by James Leith in February 2012.



2. ESSENTIAL OILS

2.1 Commiphora

From Namibian Indigenous Natural Product to High Value Commodity, clockwise from top left: Commiphora resin, from tree, to harvester, to Isanee Kasoana and Ngavekare Tjisazo at the Opuwo Processing Facility and the production of Commiphora Oil.

Photos: Dave Cole and

Karen Nott



i. Training and technical support

At the NRI marketing meeting held at the start of this quarter, it was decided that no further

harvesting of Commiphora resin should take place until a definite order from Mane is received. OPF

will continue to process material for local and regional sales.

During the quarter intensive training and technical support events at the Opuwo Processing Facility

focused on workplace organisation, implementation of stock control systems of Commiphora raw

material and keeping a general inventory of distillation equipment. Raw material piled in the factory

storeroom was rearranged in order to make space for incoming resin drums that were previously

stored at Onjuva.

Furthermore staff members were introduced to basic office administration skills and financial

management regarding local essential oil sales. Staff members have been registered for social

security and an annual payment for 2012 has been completed.

The baskets for the Commiphora are still broken – the mesh has pulled away from the frame.

Various attempts were made at repairing these but all were unsuccessful. The resin appears to have

reacted with the stainless steel, making it impossible to weld the pieces back together. A Windhoek

company re-designed the baskets which were due to be tested following the end of Q6.

Owing to the market interest in C. angolensis gum, resource inventories and the documentation of

traditional knowledge are needed for this resource. Work on this was initiated in January, with trial

harvests at two sites in the Orupembe PPO. Initial indications are that this gum is easier and quicker

to harvest than C. wildii resin but its occurrence is localised. This means that harvesters have to walk

greater distances to get to the harvest sites.

.

Date PPO No and Name

Training Activity (TR) or

Technical Support (TS)

Training Module No. and Theme of Event

Jan 12 12. Opuwo Processing Facility TS

27. Workplace organisation 27. Stock control and inventory 27. Office administration and financial management 27. Processing of Commiphora raw material

Jan 12

1. Marienfluss 2. Orupembe 3. Sanitatas 4. Okondjombo 5. Puros 6. Otjiu-West

TS 6. Copies of final CF application and posters for implementation of RMP given to PPOs. Annual work plan reviewed.

Jan 12

1. Marienfluss 2. Orupembe 3. Sanitatas 4. Okondjombo 5. Puros

TR 8. Introduction to negotiation skills and contracts

Jan 12 2. Orupembe TS 18. C. angolensis resource inventory Initiated



ii. Institutional development of PPOs

During training held at Onjuva in January, PPO members reviewed two contracts and received insights

about the processes involved. Mr Udandeka Nakamhela, a private lawyer who is experienced in

CBNRM negotiations and contracts, presented two draft documents. The first was an MOU between

Phytotrade and the Kunene Commiphora Conservancies Association (KCCA). In the MOU the KCCA

mandates, empowers and instructs Phytotrade to negotiate on the Association’s behalf and represent

KCA in its collaboration with V. Mane Fils. The second document was to develop a legal framework

regarding the ownership of the OPF. The proposed ownership model is a Deed of Trust. By With the

Deed of Trust document the KCA establishes a Trust for the joint processing and marketing of plant

products, and joint operations and ownership of the Opuwo Processing Facility.

The PPO representatives participated in the development of gave inputs into both documents. These

representatives will give feedback to the rest of their management committees. Once the MOU is

finalised, the document will be circulated for signing. The Deed of Trust document will be revised and

translated and given to the PPOs for further discussion.

Sanitatas PPO received a container storeroom as a result of PPIG application. The storeroom is

equipped with a table, chairs and a safe. The storeroom has been placed at Ondie village and will

contribute to a more structured approach to INP activities.

Gender and social integration

Nothing to report during this period.

iii. Product and market development

At the start of this quarter, a price of N$5000/kg for Commiphora wildii essential oil was established.

The sale of small quantities of essential oil has taken place. Customers include a German naturopath

(Naturopathy – alternative medicine) specialising in essential oils.

Frazer Parfum is a high-quality perfume house working only with the finest quality natural raw

materials.

In December 2011 Tammy Frazer visited Orupembe and Puros PPOs and the

Opuwo Processing Facility. She sources all of her raw

materials herself to ensure that ingredients are of a high

quality and sustainably harvested.

She has already formulated a perfume with Commiphora

wildii and Mopane essential oils called ‘Chapter 10’. The

fragrance will be produced in a perfume solide convenient

for travel as well as a liquid eau de parfum spray. This

perfume contains both Commiphora and Mopane

essential oils and will soon be commercially available.

The term sheet between Mane and Phytotrade was signed in February 2012.



iv. Focus of activities for next quarter

Optimisation trials at OPF: staff members and the Essential Oil Researcher Commiphora to

undertake distillation trials (N.B.: NEOi project)

Safety in work environment (Risk assessment) determination for OPF

Introduction of GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) concept to OPF staff members

C. angolensis resource inventories and trial harvesting at Orupembe and Otjiu-West PPOs.

Transporting resin drums from Onjuva to Opuwo.

Finalisation of the MOU between KCCA and Phytotrade

2.2 Mopane


During this quarter, the OPF only processed Mopane material, since the Commiphora still was not

functional. The baskets which hold the resin in the Commiphora were still broken and impossible to

re-weld. The design needed to be adjusted in order to overcome this difficulty. Technical support to

OPF has been provided on a monthly basis.



iii. Gender and social integration

No activities for Gender and Social Integration to report on in this quarter. The cooperative consists

100% of women, so no specific gender activities are planned, unless new technologies are introduced

which may provide a threat to the female ownership of the resource. The only SGI activity that will

take place will be the provision of technical support for the development of a Code of Conduct and

mitigation plan with regard to assistance of children in the harvesting and processing of Marula. For

this year however, dealing with the issue of product quality and contamination has been identified as

a priority.

iv. Product and market development

The Mopane essential oil samples requested by Mane were collected and sent to France in January. Mane

will be investigating the possibility of fractionisation of this oil in order to remove the harsh note.

v. Focus on activities for next quarter

No activities are planned for this period because the commercial and processing focus was planned

to focus on Commiphora for the coming quarter.



Sarcocaulon.

Photo: Dave Cole

2.3 Sarcocaulon


At the NRI marketing meeting held at the start of this quarter, it was decided that no further

harvesting of Sarcocaulon wax should take place until feedback has been received from Mane. OPF

will continue to process Commiphora wildii for local and regional sales.






v. Focus on activities for next quarter

No activities are planned for this period.



3. LIPID OILS

3.1 Marula

The highlights in this quarter were the holding of the Annual General Meeting (AGM) of Delegates of

Eudafano Women Cooperative (EWC) with important resolutions taken by delegates; the start of the

Marula fruit season and juice processing at Eudafano factory (EWMM), which should increase in

scale from the previous bad year; and the holding of technical discussions with the provision of

technical support to Eudafano factory management for improving the EWC-EWMM Marula business

in 2012. These improvements are geared towards:

Revitalising associations and membership with an increased price of kernels;

Earlier and scaled-up supply of kernels;

Testing and proving methods for higher quality kernels and preventing contamination in the

supply chain; and

Scaling up Marula oil processing in order to move closer to commercialising Marula fruit

products on a more “industrial” level.

The two MCA-N Innovation Fund projects managed by PhytoTrade Africa have brought interesting

findings and appropriate synergies have been established (see section 3.1. (c), below).


Technical support to EWC associations as part of the institutional development of the Marula PPOs

has continued during this quarter after the AGM of EWC. This was to follow up on and support the

implementation by members of management committees of what was learnt on bookkeeping and

administration of associations during the earlier training sessions of 2011, as well as on the

resolutions of the EWC AGM. The follow-up has mainly been conducted telephonically as visits to

most associations were not appropriate in this rainy season due to the conditions of rural roads and

the low availability of members during the peak agricultural work in the crop fields.

Technical support was provided by the Field-based Training Assistant (Magdalena Samwel) to

EWMM in Ondangwa for finalising the compilation of the intake statistics of the year 2011 for

Marula kernels (see below in iv.a).

For the record, the KMS deliveries to Eudafano factory amounted to 1,664 kg only in 2011 from 42

producers (782 kg from 31 women members of seven EWC associations, 838 kg from 10 producers in

the King Nehale Conservancy, and 44 kg from one individual producer). As with Marula, the 2011

production season was not good for Kalahari melons owing to floods and excessive rains. The buying

price of N$3.00/kg of KMS remained unchanged from the previous years.

Technical discussions with the Eudafano Factory Manager were held (email exchanges and face-to-

face discussions) on the prevention of the contamination of oils and raw materials. These discussions

involved PhytoTrade Africa VCS and staff engaged in the MCA-N Innovation Fund project on oils.



Guidelines were discussed and written for EWMM/EWC assisting them to collect as much data as

possible from the Marula fruit and juice business of the Eudafano factory in 2012. The data covers

the supply of fruits, juice processing and sales, as well as the associated volumes, quality, costs and

income. Subsequent data analysis should enable a more accurate documentation of the business

than was possible in previous seasons, enabling:

Improved EWMM/EWC business monitoring and evaluation: quantities, turnover, gross

margin, profitability, comparison with previous year(s), room for improvements etc.

The provision of baseline information to support business development for EWC/EWMM

and potential external assistance: achievements and current scale of the business, returns to

producers and to factory, business scaling-up and development options, and further

investment needs as part of the “business concept” developed from the MCA-N Innovation

Fund project “Understanding Marula Fruit Chemistry to Enable Innovative Commercial

Opportunities”.

Collection data will be compiled during the quarter following Marula fruit season that runs January

to April. Technical support is anticipated for analysing the data and compiling the results.


The AGM of EWC was held on 1-3 December in Ongwediva with 66 Delegates from 19 associations

present, which was a good turnout1. All the associations were present. Although only one delivered

an activity report and a detailed financial report, this was an improvement from previous AGMs

attended by CRIAA SA-DC and showed some positive impact from the preparatory training provided

as part of the sub-activity. Lively internal discussions took place and important resolutions were

taken. The main ones are listed below. The audited financial statements of both EWC and EWMM

were presented by a representative of their auditors Price Waterhouse Cooper and discussed by the

delegates. Elections to the Board of Directors and Supervisory Committee took place under the

supervision of the Registrar of Cooperatives – Head of the Division of Cooperative Development in

MAWF, Mrs Loide Jason, who also attended the whole AGM.

The main resolutions passed at the AGM are noted below insofar as they impact on the forthcoming

support to the Eudafano PPOs, as well as the business development of EWC and EWMM:

Increase of the producer price for Marula kernels to N$23/kg (from N$21/kg in 2011) to re-

mobilise members and boost the supply, while improving quality and preventing

contamination

The decline in membership at association level to be addressed especially through re-

vitalising associations’ management committees (MC), members’ information meetings

especially during the Marula intake season, accelerating payments to producers for Marula

kernels delivered, and inspection visits by EWC (Board and Officer) to associations

1Associations elect 4 Delegates at their AGM to attend the AGM of the Cooperative. At this AGM, one

association (Iihongo) was not represented and two associations were not invited because they did not hold an AGM this year (Nakagumbo and Ohole).



Encouraging associations to develop additional income generating activities, weighing their

members’ kernels with scales (that few associations have) before delivering to the factory,

seeking assistance and fundraising to build own storage and meeting places

Facilitating the handing over of association registers and bank account signing powers from

retiring (or not re-elected) MC members to new MC members

The two branches of Tunetu association (in the Tsandi area but far apart) to form their own

associations, making two more associations member of EWC (23 in total if Tunetu main

branch is maintained and if Ohole -considered as defunct- is excluded)

Annual membership fee to associations to increase to N$30 (from N$20) to improve the

revenues to associations and to EWC (fees shared 50%-50% between the two entities) the

joining fee remaining at N$5.00

Better funding of EWC from the proceeds of the factory business (as per EWC business plan)

so that EWC can implement support activities to associations and members, and not be

dependent on irregular hand-outs and donor funding

Stronger control by EWC over the appointment of the factory board of Directors and its

strategic decisions

Alignment of the financial year of EWMM and of associations with that of EWC, i.e. 1 May to

30 April.

Elections to the Board of EWC brought two new Directors and one re-elected (two retiring Directors

could not be elected after having served nine years in a row). The one retiring Supervisory

Committee member was re-elected. A sound level of continuity in the Board has been maintained

with ‘new blood’ brought in. The Chairlady, Mrs Kambundu, was re-elected. A new and younger vice-

Chairlady was elected.

Members of the Eudafano

Women’s Co-operative.

Photo: Saskia den Adel




The cooperative consists 100% of women. Their activities are not threatened by men and nor are

they ostracised in any way as a result of their involvement or membership.

Unless any new technologies are introduced which may provide a threat to the female ownership of

the resource, women remain in a powerful position in the co-operative and in their control of the

resource and its trade. Technical support for the development of a Code of Conduct and mitigation

plan with regard to assistance of children in the harvesting and processing of Marula is near

completion.


(a) Marula kernels sales records

A few late deliveries up to mid-December 2011 were made to the Eudafano factory (EWMM)

amounting to 497kg from 111 women producers of 9 associations. No rejects were reported.

With the earlier deliveries (reported in the previous QPR) this brings the total deliveries for the 2011

season to 9,437 kg of Marula kernels from the 21 active associations. Overall this remains well below

the annual average intake of the previous, resulting from adverse weather conditions and low prices.

The following table summarises the key intake figures of Eudafano Marula kernels for December

2011.

Marula kernels sold*

Number of producers

Gross income (N$)

Producers Associations EWC Total

497 kg 111 10,437 248.50 248.50 10,934

*Delivery transportation from Marula associations to the EWMM factory was organised with a factory truck and with costs

covered by the factory.

(b) Marula oil export records

No exports were made during the reporting period owing to low stock. The export demand for 2012

remains strong from the France-based buyer (most of the oil is to be refined for the Body Shop

products as part of its Community Trade programme). The next scheduled shipment, of one tonne, is

forecast for May 2012, probably by air freight. A following shipment of three tonnes is anticipated by

July 2012.On account of the current low stock of oil for export; this will require the procurement of

kernels as early as possible in the 2012 season. This means procurement following the end of the

rains, generally but not always by the end of April, for immediate processing.

The Eudafano factory management is making plans with EWC to start the intake of Marula kernels earlier

than usual, as from early May (but depending on the rains because the decorticated oil-rich kernels are

vulnerable to hydrolysis due to excessive humidity, which will reduce the quality of the oil).



(c) Value Chain Specialist activities (and plans)

There are two products from the Marula tree which are focus products for the VCS. These include

Marula oil from the seed, and Marula fruit. Although from the same species, these two products

follow very separate market and product development paths. As part of the MCA-N Innovation Fund

Marula Fruit Chemistry Project, a draft business model was developed with EWC/EWMM. Although

not part of the PPO sub-activity, this Innovation Fund Project provides qualitative and quantitative

information which can be used by the VCS to support product and market development for Marula

fruit. There are clear and important synergies between the projects. One such example is a Market

Access Report prepared under the Innovation Fund Project but which identifies regulatory

requirements to access US and EU markets. This is crucial for the development of business models

within the PPO programme. The business concept models are discussed further in the ‘dashboard’

and the supporting commentary which is presented in Section 5.

Although Marula oil has not been a focus in this quarter, there have been developments within the

MCA Innovation Fund Project on oils. These outcomes will be used to help guide future

developments within the market and product development sections of the PPO sub-activity. In

Quarter 7, the VCS will focus on the research and preparation of the Cosmetic Oils Market Brief. The

content of this report will be discussed and agreed with this team and will involve attending several

trade and industry events including ‘Natural and Organic Products Europe’, the ‘Beauty of Sourcing

with Respect – UEBT’ Conference and ‘In-Cosmetics’. These trade shows and conference

programmes will enable collection of the most up-to-date information on market trends and

industry interest in developing products of relevance to those included in the PPO sub-activity.

(d) Other related activities

The provision of KMS and Marula nut samples by EWMM to PhytoTrade Africa was facilitated by

CRIAA SA-DC for decortication trials under the MCA-N Innovation Fund project on oils. Results are

expected in the next quarter.

v. Focus of activities for next quarter

The PPO training and technical support will focus on the following activities during the next quarter:

Monitoring visits to all associations with EWC Officers and assistance to MCs in bookkeeping

and administration as a follow-up to the EWC AGM and training conducted last year;

assistance in MC conflict resolutions where needed

Signing the extension to service agreements with Eudafano PPOs

Discussing practical strategies with EWMM Management and EWC Board on prevention of

contamination and improvement of the quality of kernels

Developing and/or adapting training materials for women producers and association leaders

on kernel quality and the prevention of contamination; start delivering training through EWC

Officer, Board and association leaders

Providing technical support to EWMM in analysing the collected 2012 Marula fruit business

data and compiling the results.



3.2 Ximenia

During this quarter the export demand for Ximenia oil all the production from the 2011 Ximenia

kernels (around 3.6 tonnes of oil) is being contracted and sold as soon as produced.

The harvesting season may not have been as good as previous years owing to serious frost in the

2011 winter and adverse rain and wind conditions during flowering and fruiting in late 2011.

Tulongeni Twahangana Producers (TTP) is aware of this situation and has started mobilising current

and potential members and branches to increase the harvest and supply level as much as possible

this year.

The processing of last season’s kernels at the Katutura Artisans’ Project is still on track, and another

consignment of Ximenia oil was air freighted to the main buyer in France. Improved processing with

other technology is still being considered.

The CRIAA SA-DC field team also focused on collecting fruit yield and harvesting data as a follow-up

to the Ximenia survey conducted in the last quarter of 2011.


Most training and technical support provided in this period relate to a follow-up on the Ximenia

resource survey as described in section iv (c) below. The rainy season is not ideal for training of

members, since it is the busy agricultural season.


The PPO is in the process of being provisionally registered as a Cooperative. Draft by-laws were sent

to the Division of Cooperative Development (DCD), their comments were incorporated in the new

version, which was sent back to DCD. The PPO is also working on finalising a membership list, which

has to accompany the application. Follow-up and advices were provided by the sub-activity field

trainer based in the North to support TTP. However, the direct support remained limited as TTP has

been relying on direct communication with DCD or through the agricultural extension services

(MAWF) based at Eenhana.


Similarly to Marula, the Ximenia trade is mostly controlled by women; commercialisation has not

resulted in any threat to their traditional role as harvesters of the resource.

The cooperative that is being set up is not exclusive to women, and male/female participation and

leadership will be monitored, especially in case the producer organisation acquires significant capital

assets for oil processing.

TTP will also be assisted to set up a code of conduct with regard to the assistance of children with

the aim to protect their wellbeing, but as with EWC, this is not a priority for this year.




(a) Ximenia oil market and processing development

Demand for Ximenia crude oil from the species Ximenia americana var. americana from the main

buyer in France remains strong for 2012, amounting to around 4.5 tonnes of oil for the 2012

calendar year (an increase of 40% from 2011). The accelerated production of Ximenia oil has been

continuing at the Katutura Artisans’ Project (KAP) with the kernels procured from TTP in late 2011. A

second air freighted consignment to France was organised in early February (764 kg) and a third

consignment is being prepared for mid-March so as to meet the demand there.

A significant amount of time has been spent in reviewing (and advising on) the recent follow-up

results from the processing trials conducted by PhytoTrade Africa under the MCA-N Innovation Fund

project on oils. There is no definite conclusion yet as the trials are not all completed. An improved

hydraulic press (tried and preliminary tested as part of this Innovation Fund project) has been

identified as an interesting option for scaling up processing of Ximenia and improving its efficiency.

However, it has been considered wiser to repeat the trials with Ximenia and ensure that the

resulting oil reaches the expected export quality before proceeding with the adoption of this new

pressing technology.

Samples of Ximenia fruits (dried) and seeds were procured in the TTP production area in February

and supplied to PhytoTrade Africa for further decortication trials under the same MCA-N Innovation

Fund project. Results are expected in the next quarter.

(b) Ximenia kernels sales records

There is nothing to report in this quarter, which is not the season for Ximenia kernel intake.

(c) Ximenia resource survey follow-up

The Ximenia survey that was conducted in September/October last year did not, as a result of the

limited time available and the seasonality of the resource, collect all the data sought. CRIAA SA-DC

agreed to follow up on the survey in the following ways:

Collection of fruit yield data:

Trees for the fruit yield survey were identified by the survey team in September/October, and

selected harvesters were given bags and paid in advance to collect all the fruits from these trees.

CRIAA SA-DC developed a form for the fruit yield survey, capturing the village, name of harvester,

GPS coordinates, the size of the tree, the harvesting period and the yield for the 2011/2012 season.

From 6-10 February, two fieldworkers from CRIAA SA-DC and an assistant from TTP went to meet

the harvesters, weigh the fruits and collect the other data.

Of the 19 trees selected, 11 did not fruit at all this season, while an additional two trees produced

less than 1kg of fruit. The main reason given by the harvesters for the non-fruiting this season was

frost. Some trees were showing signs of recovery after the frost, while others seemed to have died.

Some harvesters mentioned that their trees were flowering but the flowers were blown off by

strong winds. The six selected trees that did bear fruit, produced between 5kg and 26kg, with an



average of 15kg. Most of the fruits were collected in December, and were very dry by the time they

were weighed in February. The fruit yield could have been two to three times higher if they were

weighed immediately after the harvest. Because of the limited fruit yield data available the team

went back to the field from 20-25 February to identify other fruiting trees, but could only collected a

limited quantity of fruit samples (which were also used for the study presented below).

Collection of data on the weight of seeds, kernels and fruits at different stages of drying:

CRIAA SA-DC has been conducting a small study on the drying of Ximenia fruits (duration, humidity

loss) and weighing of samples at the different stages from fresh to dried fruits, to de-pulped seeds

and to kernels. This provides additional data for the Ximenia resource survey (the fruit harvesting

quantity needed for kernel production) and for value chain analysis (the weight distribution between

kernels, seeds, dried fruits and fresh fruits). The results will be presented in the next QPR when the

drying and weighing of samples are completed.

The preliminary results of this study show that the average weight of a kernel is around 1.5g

representing around 30% of the mass of a dried fruit (average 5g) and around 10% of the mass of a

fresh fruit (average 15g). This means that to decorticate 10 kg of kernels a Ximenia producer need to

harvest between 50 kg and 150 kg of Ximenia fruits depending on the degree of dryness of fruits

collected (generally Ximenia fruits are harvested semi-dry on the ground after having abscised from

the tree).

Collection of harvesting information:

While data on primary processing of Ximenia is available from previous work, relatively little was

known about who is harvesting where, and how much time is spent on harvesting by Ximenia

producers. Understanding time spent on harvesting is crucial in establishing a fair price for a

product, which becomes especially important if the PPO decides to attain Fair Trade certification.

We were furthermore interested in whether the current members of the PPO could increase their

harvesting and production if the market was bigger or the price higher. The idea was to use both

survey and participant observation methods, but when the team went into the field in February it

proved too late in the season to do the latter. The participant observation will have to wait till next

season. This year, a small harvesting survey was done amongst the 12 harvesters that were selected

to collect the fruit yield data. Although a relatively small sample, the survey yielded some interesting

results:

All the respondents were convinced they could intensify Ximenia harvesting if the demand

was larger, or the price higher.

Nine of the 12 respondents said that harvesting was carried out by women and teenage

children, often in a group, and often carrying the fruits on their way back from school. Three

respondents said that men could also be involved in the harvesting.

The number of trees that the households of the respondents collect from ranged from six to

an estimated 400, with an average of 82 trees (although some respondents only estimated

how many trees they would collect from in a day and not in a whole season). The trees being

mostly found on communal land, not all fruits from these trees will be harvested by only one

household



The time spent on walking to Ximenia trees takes is up to three hours. An exact amount of how

much is collected in that time may be gained through participant observation methods The time

spent on harvesting is likely to be extremely variable between harvesting households, depending on

the distance to trees, their yields in a particular year and the frequency of harvesting “trips”. The

February field survey was limited in coverage and the above figure is merely indicative how large a

harvesting area can be. Time spent on harvesting per kg should. This is why a participant

observation method would be a more appropriate way to gain a clearer picture.

The main challenge expressed by harvesters was that the fruiting of trees is heavily dependent on

weather conditions as shown this past season with frost in winter and heavy rains and wind during

flowering, which seriously affected fruit yields in most harvesting areas.

(d) Value Chain Specialist activities (and plans)

During the reporting period, the document ‘Ximenia oil from Namibia: a value chain analysis’ was

prepared and circulated for comment. The final report will be circulated once the remaining

comments have been addressed and incorporated. There has also been progress under the MCA-N

Innovation Fund project on oils where contracted laboratories and service providers have been

working on the development of product specifications, and separately on processing trials. Although

this is not directly linked to the PPO sub-activity, the VCS can utilise this information and expertise to

help guide and develop the business models for the target businesses. Further product and market

development updates are presented in the ‘dashboard’ which is included in Section 5.

Along with Marula Oil, the Cosmetic Oils Market Brief will be highly relevant for Ximenia oil product

development and marketing. It will be prepared in Quarter 7 and along with other targeted research

will incorporate the market and industry information gathered at various trade shows and industry

events including ‘Natural and Organic Products Europe’, ‘The Beauty of Sourcing with Respect –

UEBT Conference’ and ‘In-Cosmetics’.


Since the projected demand from the main buyer in France remains strong this year and the harvest

seems particularly poor this year, the main focus for the next quarters will be on:

Assisting the PPO to mobilise its branches and members to scale up the supply of Ximenia

kernels

Assisting the PPO to expand to other areas and mobilise new branches and members

Improving the oil processing efficiency with the adoption of an improved pressing

technology

We will furthermore focus on training existing and new members in quality issues, hygiene and

prevention of contamination. If the PPO decides to hold its AGM during the next quarter period, we

will also provide training and technical assistance with regard to holding an AGM.



4. DEVIL’S CLAW

This quarter falls between harvesting seasons, meaning no harvesting took place during the period.

Data from the past season was consolidated from disaggregated figures collected from different

harvesting areas.

Organisational, business and resource management training and technical support were of major

focus during the quarter.

Small-scale enrichment trials began in Vergenoeg and Gemsbokfontein in during the current rainy

season in late January 2012 and are scheduled to take place in Tjaka Ben Hur and Nyae Nyae during

the next rainy season beginning in October 2012Comprehensive records will be maintained on the

progress this activity in order to assess the feasibility of ‘house garden nurseries’ for replanting in

managed areas during the next rainy season beginning in 2012 as well as direct enrichment planting

in the wild.

There is more Devil’s Claw entering Namibia from Angola and especially Zambia than previously

thought. This is having a significant market effect as more untraceable Devil’s Claw enters the

market and is exported from Namibia. More details about the scale and sourcing of this Devil’s Claw

and approaches regarding how best constructively to manage the issue in co-ordination with our

neighbours will be investigated further during Quarter 7.


(a) Coordination of Devil’s Claw Service Providers

A coordination meeting of service providers IRDNC and CRIAA SA-DC, representatives of NRI and

MCA-N as well as of Devil’s Claw exporter Ecoso Dynamics cc was held on January 20, 2012.

Meetings of Devil’s Claw harvesting PPOs with the exporter to negotiate the prices for the new

season, facilitated by the service providers, were planned for February, March and April. At these

meetings, Ecoso will share market information with the PPOs, such as export figures, and inform the

PPOs about the Innovation Fund proposal. It was also agreed between the service providers and

Ecoso to use a common data collection format to record harvested quantities, harvester numbers,

gender and other indicators to make future data collection easier and data from different sites or

sources more easily comparable.

Another agreement designed to simplify comparability and increase transparency was the

replacement of the terms “commission” and “service fee”, which refers to an additional per/kg price

paid by the buyer to the PPO Management Committee. These will be replaced by the single term,

“Management Fee”. The Management fee will be clearly broken down into individual components

that show for what it is being paid, such as training and registration of harvesters, buying point

administration and harvester monitoring.



An example of a Purchasing Agreement is included as Annex E at the end of this report.

EsoSo has further committed to:

Pay 50% of the inspection costs for the three PPOs (Nyae Nyae, N’ Jaqna and Kyaramacan)

with organic certification;

Return used bags of the previous season to all PPOs by the end of March so that they can be

re-used; and

Fax buying sheets to the service providers after each buying trip.

The points raised at the coordination meeting of the service providers in November 2011 were in the

meantime taken to the meeting of the Devil’s Claw working group (DCWG) on 20 February 2012.

(b) Training details

Training and Support activities carried out at each relevant PPO during the quarter are detailed in

the table below:

Date PPO No and Name

Training

Activity (TR)

or Technical

Support (TS)

Training Module No. and Theme of Event

14. Kyaramacan Association TR Business Plan and Resource Mgt Plan

15. Kwando TR Business Plan and Resource Mgt Plan

18. Sobbe TR Business Plan and Resource Mgt Plan

24. Masida TR Business Plan and Resource Mgt Plan

25. Lubuta TR Business Plan and Resource Mgt Plan

27. Sachona TR Business Plan and Resource Mgt Plan

61. Vergenoeg

TR Mod. D 29 Small scale Devil’s Claw

cultivation

21 Feb TR Module B1: Organising Harvester Groups

22 Feb TR Module B3: Roles and Responsibilities

62. Gemsbokfontein

TR Mod. D 29 Small scale Devil’s Claw

cultivation

21 Feb TR Module B1: Organising Harvester Groups


63. Tsjaka Ben Hur SHDC

TR Module B1: Organising Harvester Groups

TR Module B3: Roles and Responsibilities

13 Feb 69. Nyae Nyae



14 Feb 70. N#a Jaqna





(c) Service agreements

All Caprivi PPOs as well as Ehirovipuka Conservancy and Community Forest (13) in Kunene have

signed extensions to the service agreements of 2011 with IRDNC. Orupupa Conservancy (8) will be

supported with DC activities this year and a revised service agreement has been signed with IRDNC

(this PPO was previously involved in the trial harvests of Mopane).

The three conservancies in Kavango Region which were supported in 2011 in Devil’s Claw activities

by NNF, Joseph Mbambangandu (78), George Mukoya and Muduva Nyangana (76) have also signed

extensions to the service agreements of 2011. In addition, two PPOs in the Kavango Region which

were not supported in Devil’s Claw activities last year, emerging Katope Community Forest (81) and

emerging Daniel Sitentu Mpasi Conservancy (80) have signed service agreements for 2012 with NNF.

Nyae Nyae (69) and N#a Jaqna (70) Conservancies in Otjozondjupa Region, as well as Vergenoeg

(61), Gemsbokfontein (62) and Tsjaka Ben Hur (63) in Omaheke Region had signed service

agreements with CRIAA SA-DC in 2011 and are keen to sign to sign extensions for 2012 but were yet

to do so by the end of the reporting period. The extensions had been discussed with the PPOs, and

the documentation lodged with the Management Committees for signature to be ready for

collection in March.

Furthermore, Ondjou (75) and African Wild Dog (71) Conservancies in Otjozondjupa Region are

willing to sign service agreements with CRIAA SA-DC. This will depend on their changing their current

institutional arrangement and attitude, especially the way Devil’s Claw harvesting permits are

obtained.

(d) Resource monitoring

Post-harvest impact assessments were completed in Kyaramacan Association and the Mudumu

South Complex in Caprivi (Balyerwa, Wuparo and Dzoti). The Mudumu North Complex was unable to

complete the post-harvest monitoring owing to heavy rains in December.

After the post-harvest monitoring trainings held in Nyae Nyae and N#a Jaqna Conservancies for the

Game Guards and Devil’s Claw coordinators in November (results had been presented in the last

QPR), the trained conservancy staff members continued with monitoring activities in December,

January and February. All findings were discussed with PPOs and harvesters. At the start of the new

season (Feb to Mar) meetings were held with all PPOs to review the past year’s harvest and to

discuss monitoring results (this was done in conjunction with the meetings to discuss new contracts

with the buyer).



Post-Harvest Monitoring Results 2011

PPO Harvesting Site

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KA

Mutc'iku and Mushashane 80 6 3 77 0 3 41 36 41 39

Omega 1: Mangaranganja 106 145 71 35 28 43 20 15 48 58

Shamakwi 70 15 50 20 3 47 5 15 8 62

Chetto 700 519 22 678 13 9 455 223 468 232

Pipo 235 58 1 159 1 0 75 84 76 84

Kachenge 227 67 159 68 15 144 22 46 37 190

Omega 3 195 320 70 125 14 56 5 40 19 96

Balyerwa n/a 128 45 82 46 51 31 35 11 86 42

Wuparo n/a 211 300 116 95 40 76 69 26 109 102

Dzoti n/a 184 100 145 39 46 99 30 9 76 108

N#a Jaqna

Kanovlei (site 1) 226 50 126 100 35 91 37 63 72 154

Sawmill 218 424 32 86 20 12 144 42 164 54

M'kata/Mparara 104 6 55 49 31 24 35 14 66 38

Kanovlei (site 2) 30 9 7 23 7 0 13 10 20 10

Grashoek 265 125 100 165 60 40 145 20 205 60

Nyae Nyae

Djxokhoe 325 104 56 269 20 36 121 148 141 184

Nama Pan 282 157 130 152 73 75 71 81 144 156

#otcakxai 155 47 81 74 42 39 44 30 86 69

Maxamisi 194 30 62 132 62 24 100 32 162 56

!obaha 68 25 37 31 37 20 20 11 57 31

N#amtjoha 134 n/a 2 132 2 0 120 13 122 13



The Kyaramacan Association has expelled harvesters of Omega 1, Shamakwi and Mangarangandja

from participating in the 2012 Devil’s Claw harvesting season because of persistent unsustainable

harvesting over a period of three years, despite extensive training. N#a Jaqna Conservancy has also

announced that it is to take action against harvesters of Kanovlei though the action had not been

specified by the end of the quarter.

In the Omaheke PPOs, which do not have game guards as they are not conservancies but

resettlement farms, post-harvest monitoring training for members of the management committees

had already been completed in November 2011.

Resource monitoring has been identified as needing additional training and support in 2012 in all the

Caprivi PPOs, as well as in the Kunene. This focus is reflected in the service agreements for 2012.

(e) PPIG grants

In February, Kwando (15), Vergenoeg (61), Tsjaka Ben Hur (63) and N#a Jaqna (70) received the

container storerooms which they had applied for in PPIG round 2.

Orupupa (8) as well as N#a Jaqna have submitted PPIG application for DC harvester kits.

Devil’s Claw Storage Container,

Sanitatas, Kunene.

Photo: Alu Uararavi


(a) Institutional issues

N#a Jaqna Conservancy (70), which was reported on in detail in the last QPR, is slowly recovering

from its institutional crisis, partly through the CDSS support and partly through the money earned

with Devil’s Claw harvesting activities in 2011 and the organisational support of the service provider.

In the upcoming DC harvesting season, a system of harvester cards will be introduced and

implemented in the conservancy, as conservancy members do not yet have a conservancy

membership card. However, the updating of the membership list done through the CDSS support

will support the harvester card system significantly.

In early February, institutional specialist Mrs Karen Nott together with gender expert Saskia den Adel

and the CRIAA SA-DC Devil’s Claw team visited two conservancies in Otjozondjupa Region, Ondjou

(75) and African Wild Dog (71) Conservancies. The main aim was to determine whether these PPOs



meet the criteria for support of the MCA-N INP PPO Sub-Activity. In both conservancies, it is a

common practice that conservancy members apply for a harvesting permit and then hire people

from outside the conservancy to harvest for them. Often, the harvesters are exploited in such

systems. In the meetings, the legal way of organising DC harvesting in a conservancy, through a

conservancy group permit, was discussed with the Management Committees and former harvesting

permit holders. It was decided to work with both conservancies to support them in finding and

implementing legal alternative approaches to their common practices if they decide that they are

ready for this change. African Wild Dog has already stated their willingness, while the decision of

Ondjou Conservancy was still awaited at the end of the quarter.

(b) Harvesting permits

Nothing to report.

(c) Certification

Organic Certification: A Devil’s Claw Success Story?

INPs, including Devil’s Claw, are almost by definition widely and inconsistently spread in generally

non-contiguous areas. This makes it difficult for inspectors to certify Devil’s Claw as organic by

examining one area and extrapolating their findings from there to whole harvesting areas, notably in

areas that are also cultivated.

The guidelines and the standards being applied under INP PPO are sufficient to have been

recognised by Ecocert as being of certifiable standard.

Devil’s Claw packed in a clean bag and ready

to sell. Photo: Dave Cole

So Namibia has in place the systems for

sustainably harvested Devil’s Claw to meet

internationally recognised organic

certification standards.

The as yet unanswered question is whether it’s worth being certified. Is the added value sufficient to

justify its cost, since that cost has to be absorbed into the market chain? And with high certification

costs, that may be incurred each year, can PPOs themselves, rather than buyers, ever hope to own

their organically registered status by paying for it themselves?

Past experience of organically certified Devil’s Claw sold from Namibia implies that the added value will

have to be significantly increased for certification to be a worthwhile investment. The jury is still out.




The sales data from last year are now complete and show a continued majority of women selling

Devil’s Claw within PPOs. Summarised per region, the number of men and women that have sold

Devil’s Claw in the 2011 season is as follows:

Region Number of people

selling DC

Women Men

# % # %

Caprivi 488 331 66 167 34

Kunene 8 4 50 5 50

Omaheke 81 43 53 38 47

Otjozondjupa 689 296 43 393 57

Total 1,276 674 53 602 47

Of people who have been trained and registered, fewer men are actually involved in the harvesting

and selling of Devil’s Claw. Amongst 9 East Caprivi PPO, 37% of the registered Devil’s Claw harvesters

were male, while the sales data showed only 27% of the harvesters selling Devil’s Claw consisted of

men.

The only direct GSIP activities during this period have been the meetings with the Ondjou and

African Wild Dog Conservancies, which have been described in section ii (a) above.

Both N#a Jaqna and Nyae Nyae Conservancies now have a woman as a chairperson.

In common with other wild products the number of female harvesters of Devil’s Claw is traditionally

higher than the number of male harvesters. Male participation in training sessions tends to increase

to approaching the same as that of women, possibly because they tend to be public events, but

despite its increased commercialisation and the predictable income available through the project,

more women are also registered as harvesters in nearly all PPOs.

Studies also show that income obtained through the sale of Devil’s Claw is also more likely to remain

under the control of women in the household than other sources of income, thus tending to bring

greater positive familiar development measured in terms of such as child nutrition and education.


The VCS is deeply involved in the MCA Innovation Fund Project which investigates ‘Innovative Joint

Health Ingredient Obtained from Devil’s Claw for the United States Market’ and will enable the

transfer of detailed understanding of the ingredient and potential applications to the PPO sub-

activity and the development of the targeted business model concept. From discussions with the

FDA, there are indications that suggest potential future regulatory challenges for Devil’s Claw and

the VCS will endeavour to explore these further. The VCS interacted with TAMU and provided

comments on the resulting report. In addition, the VCS has begun preparing the regulatory and

market access document which has an initial focus on dietary supplements in the US and during the



reporting period, periodic literature searches have been performed to enable collection and library

updates. The VCS will attend upcoming trade shows including Natural and Organic Products Europe

and Vitafoods which will offer the opportunity for further market and product research focused on

Devil’s Claw, potential applications and competing products.

The table below shows Namibian export data from 2011 sourced from MET. The overall total of 593

tonnes is far higher than the last two years and more than one and three quarters times as much as

2010. It is too early to describe as a trend, however, as levels have often been higher and have

changed sharply; most in response to fears on two occasions in the last decade that Devil’s Claw may

be listed under CITES II. The increase may in this case be at least partly due to unrecorded and illegal

imports from Angola and Zambia.

What is a trend, and an astonishingly impressive one, is the rapid increase in the proportion of

Namibian Devil’s Claw that is sustainably harvested, traceable and of greater likelihood to be of

sustainable livelihoods benefit to harvesters and their families. From a tiny percentage of sustainably

harvested Devil’s Claw reaching the market a decade ago, recent progress, in large part thanks to the

support of MCA-N and the INP-PPO sub-activity, means a rapidly increasing proportion of Namibian

Devil’s Claw is now sustainably harvested and wholly traceable. 102,390kgs of Devil’s Claw was

harvested and exported through the INP-PPO sub-activity in 2011, which is 17.5% of total Devil’s

Claw exports registered at the Ministry of Environment and Tourism.

NAMIBIAN DEVIL'S CLAW EXPORTS BY MONTH (2009/2010/2011) All Data courtesy of MET

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec TOTALS

(kg)

2009 34 335 20 500 68 000 32 024 8 000 52 350 32 120 7 500 38 153 50 500 27 220 8 000 378 702

2010 22 200 37 275 49 995 9 660 30 500 27 000 25 300 26 000 67 998 29 100 10 360 250 335 638

2011 1 200 22 320 8 250.0 40 000 12 940 0 75 280 75 600 72 360 123 975 160 760 592 685

0

20 000

40 000

60 000

80 000

100 000

120 000

140 000

160 000

Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Kilo

gra

ms

Namibian Devil's Claw exports by month (2009/2010/2011)

2009

2010

2011




The negotiation of annual buying agreements with the Devil’s Claw exporters will be facilitated by all

service providers in all PPOs. A series of meetings with DC exporter Ecoso Dynamics cc have been

scheduled for that purpose during March and early April. The buying agreements will again contain a

minimum guaranteed price to harvesters. The newly defined “Management Fee” (as described in the

first section of this chapter) will be negotiated. During these meetings, issues around the buying

points as well as monitoring issues will also be addressed. The exporter has also promised to share

market information, such as export figures, with the PPOs.

After the buying agreements have been signed, all service providers will support the registration of

harvesters in all PPOs, as well as the review of harvesting rules. The training of new harvesters in any

of the DC PPOs will be supported, where necessary, and training of trainers will be done. The PPOs

will also be supported by the service providers in obtaining Devil’s Claw harvesting permits from the

Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) regional offices.

Preparing for Enrichment

Planting at Vergenoeg.



5. MARKETING

5.1 INP Market Development Plan

The products of focus for the VCS include essential oils from Northern Namibia, Marula fruit and

Marula oil, Ximenia oil and Devil’s Claw. It is around these products that the dashboard is based, as

are the business model concepts. A major focus of the VCS work during the quarter has been on two

key reports; the Ximenia Oil Value Chain Analysis and the Essential Oil and Fragrance Market Brief,

which were due to be and were delivered in March 2012..The VCS has conducted literature research

and identified new peer-reviewed published papers. Attention is paid to newly published literature

as it indicates current focus and new developments within research circles. Peer-reviewed papers

and published technical articles are often the first step in new product development (NPD) and

provide insight into which species, plant parts, compounds, technologies and products are of

interest to industry. In addition, the VCS converges work programmes around the four business

models to maximise potential business gain.

The market development strategy is to support a product and market development approach

whereby the focus of PPO sub-activity intervention is to enable four businesses ideas/groupings to

become commercially successful. The four business ideas/groupings, and the potential products they

could produce and sell are listed below. Selected issues are noted for each of these business areas.

In the dashboard matrix further below the progress of the main products is tabled against necessary

milestones towards commercial success. This is to some extent schematic but is useful to provide

focus on gaps in the path towards a viable business. It is not essential for a business to fully and

successfully address each of the milestones in order to have sales and some business with the

product. However, if it is the intention to move up the value chain and also to negotiate strong

agreements with clients it is advisable that as many of the milestones as possible are addressed

adequately. The Dashboard clearly indicates that much work requires to be done before significant

commercial opportunities and “Access and Benefit Sharing” agreements can be successfully

concluded.

EWC/EWMM:

Marula cosmetic oil with Aldivia and The Body Shop is the main product and market which seems static.

Extracts from seed and /or press cake are also of interest and are the subject of the IF Oils project

The Marula food oil consumer product appears to have good possibilities.

KMS oil requires a new production and costing model to get the price down to become viable.

The results of the IF Marula fruit chemistry project, and the resulting Draft Business Concept, provides direction for further product and market development

EWMM’s Marula fruit juice for the local market has potential to develop



New Marula fruit products include (i) Marula juice standardised and stabilised (ii) Juice concentrate from standardised Marula juice, (iii) Fermented juice from standardised Marula juice (iv) Dried Marula fruit skins for cosmetic ingredient (water as solvent) (v) Dried Marula fruit skins for health food ingredient (food grade solvents) and (vi) Marula fruit flavours and aroma from fresh fruit.

Freedom to operate and ABS issues require some attention.

TTP:

The main product is Ximenia oil with Aldivia as the main customer.

The key issues at present are the processing technology, efficiency and quality (especially contaminants). The results of the IF Oils project are required before strategies can be elaborated.

There are also additional products from Ximenia seed and oil cake which need to be evaluated and to try get to a scale and scope of business opportunity which is viable.

A “Draft Business Concept” needs to be developed in order to scope out the real possibilities for TTP.

The business ownership and management model for TTP specifically requires attention.

The viability and desirability of TTP also producing and selling KMS and Manketti oils also needs to be evaluated.

ABS issues also require attention.

Essential oil production operation in Opuwo:

The main products of current focus are derived from Commiphora species, Mopane and Sarcocaulon

The main focus of the approach is to partner with a key client, provide support to the client and the product and market development process in exchange for technology and market know-how transfer. This is the subject of the NEOi project although all product and market development options are not covered in this project. These additional product and market opportunities require elaboration and discussion with PPO sub-activity project team.

The local and tourist market offering of value-added consumer products presents good opportunities and is also partly the focus of the NEOi project.

Scale of production, throughput, yields and sales values are critical to gain an understanding of the business potential. It is likely that the NEOi interventions need to be augmented if the chances of commercial viability are to be maximised and reached in a reasonable timeframe.

There are outstanding PIC, MAT and ABS issues which are partly the focus of the NEOi project but this requires further investment and action.

A Freedom to operate study is underway and this may result in the need for additional actions.



Ecoso Dynamics (with ABS agreement(s) with PPOs):

Sustainably harvested and traceable DC is the backbone of the current business. It has been notoriously difficult for Namibian exporters to develop viable businesses around sustainably harvested DC AND cover the additional costs associated with sustainability and traceability. The economics of a viable model need to be elaborated.

Value added consumer products have potential but regulatory issues prevent easy options in export markets. Local markets offer small opportunities.

The new extract for USA market is under development with the IF DC project.

New extracts for new applications in other territories also warrant attention and require elaboration.

ABS issues are part of the PPO sub-activity and IF DC project. However, new uses may bring

additional PIC, MAT and other ABS issues as regulatory issues are evolving.

Essential Oils:

The essential oils of focus within the PPO sub-activity include Mopane, Commiphora and

Sarcocaulon. The Essential Oil and Fragrance Market Brief was prepared throughout the reporting

period and comments were received and addressed in order to produce the final report. In addition

to the market brief, a Freedom to Operate study was initiated which will focus on all three essential

oil products. The importance of this study was highlighted by the finding of one particular patent

specific to the Commiphora angolensis. During the reporting period the VCS maintained close

communications with Mane and on the 14th February 2012, the Mane Agreement was signed and

exchanged. The purpose of the collaboration was defined and the expectation of the roles and

responsibilities of the parties have been highlighted. The purpose includes two key points:

i. Product and market development for selected essential oils from Namibia

ii. Establishing a profitable Namibian business for Kunene Conservancies Association and from

which Mane will have preferential commercial opportunity.

In Quarter 7, the focus of the VCS around essential oils market and product development will involve

defining the project plan with the PPO team and Mane, and operationalising NEOi. A meeting with

Michel Mane and the VCS is scheduled for April in Paris where project planning will be the focus and

the identification of customers for future joint presentations. Further market and product

development information will also be gathered by attending trade shows and industry events

including Natural and Organic Products Europe, The Beauty of Sourcing with Respect – UEBT

Conference, In-Cosmetics and Vitafoods.



5.2 Marketing Dashboard

Product

Supply chain fully functional, supply capacity

properly understood

Production process

competitive, cost of

production properly

understood

Product fully characterised

with specification

Safety / toxicity studies,

regulatory compliance

USPs properly understood,

adequate supporting technical

information

Market potential

understood including

competitor analysis

Consumer products

developed, formulation possibilities

well established

IP analysis and freedom to

operate established,

possibly including ABS compliance

Customers ready to

commit to product,

business plan possible

Marula

cosmetic oil

Yes, but certification issues to be addressed Quality and

contamination

issues

No, production

process needs

updating

Yes, through Aldivia If EWC/ EWMM

to access

market directly

(move up the

value chain) we

will require

market entry

specifications

Yes, but only through Aldivia If EWC/ EWMM to access market directly (move up the value chain) we will require market entry specifications IF Oils project

provides some

support

Requires investment and action IF Oils project

provides some

support but

additional

investment and

action will be

required

No, needs review Focus of a Market Brief in next quarter Namibia Market

Study would be

of assistance

Yes, through Aldivia’s customers Local and

regional market

possibilities

need

exploration

Yes but new

developments

require

revisiting PIC,

MAT and other

contract issues.

Not at adequate scale, business levels small and declining. IF Oils project will provide basis for drafting business models.

Marula food oil

Quality and contamination issues Supply capacity

issues

Some process

development

underway.

Could be

sufficient for

local market

launch.

Could be

satisfactory for

local market,

some research

underway,

needs updating.

Progress for

local market,

difficulties for

export markets.

Some literature

available, but

full case has not

been made.

No, but will be the focus of a Market Brief in 2012 Namibia Market

Study will be of

assistance

Good progress

for local market.

Yes, but some

ABS issues may

need attention

as regulations

evolve

Good progress for local market Requires

updating to

enable a plan



Product


properly understood

Production process


production properly

understood


with specification





information

Market potential


competitor analysis

Consumer products


well established




Customers ready to

commit to product,


Marula fruit

(including all

potential

products

identified in

Draft Business

Concept)

No, several

outstanding

issues including

supply capacity,

quality control,

need for new

supporting

infrastructure.

No No

No, but IF

project provides

guidance.

IF project shows

significant

potential and

provides basis

to approach

market.

IF project shows

potential but

further

investment

required.

No

Freedom to

operate

established but

requires

ongoing

attention. ABS

issues may need

to be

considered.

No, but Draft

Business

Concept

indicates

potential.

KMS oil

No, certification

and efficiency

issues.

No. IF project

results on oil

processing

urgently

required.

Yes, through

Aldivia,

however, if

EWC/EWMM to

access market

directly

investment here

will be required.

Yes, but only through Aldivia, but if EWC/EWMM to access market directly investment here will be required.

No, only

literature

based, and

some

supporting

studies

expected out of

IF Oils project.

No Market Brief in next quarter to provide supporting information. Namibia Market

Study would be

of assistance.

Yes, though Aldivia’s customers. Should form

part of future

research and

development

for local market.

Yes, however,

evolving

regulations may

make re-

evaluation

necessary.

No. Some

progress expect

through IF Oils

project which

may allow for

new business

model to be

considered.



Product


properly understood

Production process


production properly

understood


with specification





information

Market potential


competitor analysis

Consumer products


well established




Customers ready to

commit to product,


Ximenia oil

Yes, but

certification and

specification

issues to be

addressed, and

supply capacity

issues need

further

attention.

No, production

process needs

updating and IF

project results

on oil

processing

technologies

urgently

required.

Yes, through Aldivia for X. americana, but not for X. caffra. Progress is expected with fatty acid specification through IF Oils project. If TTP to access

market directly

investment here

will be required.

Yes, but only through Aldivia for X. americana. If TTP to access

market directly

investment here

will be required.

No, needs to be better understood as the product is considered unique. Supporting data

will be

forthcoming

from IF Oils

project.

No, needs

review, and will

be focus of

Market Brief in

next quarter.

Yes, through

Aldivia’s

customers, but

much not clear.

Yes, for simple cosmetic use, but issues for other potential uses. PIC, MAT and

other ABS issues

require

attention.

No, further work required. IF Oils project

will provide

basis for

drafting

business

models.

Manketti oil

No, but supply

chain of

significant

capacity is

expected.

No, but some progress is expected under the IF Oils project.

Only through

Aldivia, on

Zambian

material,

investment and

action required.

Yes, but only through Aldivia. Some progress

expected under

IF Oils project.

Only through literature. IF Oils project may provide some info. but will require additional investment and action.

No, requires investment. Subject of Market Brief in next quarter.

Some emerging local products. Yes, through Aldivia’s clients. Additional

investments

required here.

Yes, for simple cosmetic use. PIC, MAT and other ABS issues will need to be address.

No, business levels too small. IF Oils project

should enable

new business

models to be

considered.



Product


properly understood

Production process


production properly

understood


with specification





information

Market potential


competitor analysis

Consumer products


well established




Customers ready to

commit to product,


Commiphora

resin (various

species)

Yes, but needs

confirmation.

No, subject of NEOi. If current

customer loses

interest

additional

investment and

action will be

required.

No, except through current customer and subject of NEOi. If current

customer loses

interest

additional

investment and

action will be

required.

Yes, through existing customer. If current

customer loses

interest

additional

investment and

action will be

required.

Requires

significant

attention

through NEOi

and other

avenues.

No and relying on current customer. Subject of NEOi but additional actions and investment required.

NEOi begins to

address this

issue but much

additional

investment and

action

advisable.

NEOi objective is to attain ABS with client and PPOs ABS issues with stakeholders and PPOs requires attention and further investment. New Freedom to Operate issues identified. Freedom to Operate study underway.

No. It is

advisable that

multiple

product and

market

opportunities

are pursued in

parallel if timely

commercial

viability is to be

possible.

Sarcocaulon Yes, but needs

confirmation.

No, will require

attention once

evaluation by

current client

provides

guidance.

No, needs

focus.

No, will require

attention once

evaluation by

current client

provides

guidance.

No, will require

attention once

evaluation by

current client

provides

guidance.

No, will require

attention once

evaluation by

current client

provides

guidance.

Too early and

depends on

progress with

client.

NEOi objective

is to attain ABS

with client and

PPOs ABS issues

with

stakeholders

and PPOs

requires

attention.

No, depends on

developments

with existing

client.



Product


properly understood

Production process


production properly

understood


with specification





information

Market potential


competitor analysis

Consumer products


well established




Customers ready to

commit to product,


Mopane oil

Partially, but

clear capacity

for raw material

is large.

No, subject of

NEOi.

No, only partially characterised Subject of NEOi

and depends on

continued

interest of

existing clients.

No Subject of NEOi

and depends on

continued

interest of

existing clients.

No Subject of NEOi

and depends on

continued

interest of

existing clients.

No Subject of NEOi

and depends on

continued

interest of

existing clients.

No, subject of

NEOi but

additional

investment and

action may be

required.

Unlikely to be issues from Freedom to Operate perspective. ABS issues with stakeholders and PPOs require attention.

No, and depends on developments with existing clients. It is advisable

that multiple

product and

market

opportunities

are pursued in

parallel.



Product


properly understood

Production process


production properly

understood


with specification





information

Market potential


competitor analysis

Consumer products


well established




Customers ready to

commit to product,


Devil’s Claw

(raw material)

Yes, but some

sustainability

issues; total

supply capacity

not known;

cultivation

possible.

Yes, but no

transparency

about prices

between

harvesters and

exporters.

Yes, but much information in hands of import customers. New

developments

in USA for

dietary

supplements

suggest

potential issues

to address in

future, and will

be highlighted

in a regulatory

update in next

quarter.

Yes, but

through

customers.

Yes, but getting

dated. Yes

Yes, through

customers.

Yes, but ABS

may need

further work.

It is important

that the market

for sustainable

and traceable

Devil’s Claw

reaches a scale

and value

whereby the

private sector

can absorb the

additional

compliance

costs – this case

is not clear yet.



Product


properly understood

Production process


production properly

understood


with specification





information

Market potential


competitor analysis

Consumer products


well established




Customers ready to

commit to product,


Devil’s Claw

new extract for

USA market

Yes, but some sustainability issues; total supply capacity not known; cultivation possible. Supply quality

and

contamination

issues may

require

attention.

No, partly the subject of IF DC project. Additional

investment and

actions may be

required.

Subject of IF DC

project.

Subject of IF DC

project, may

require

additional

investment and

action.

Partly subject of

IF DC project.

Subject of IF DC

project.

Partly the

subject of IF DC

project, may

require

additional

investment and

action.

ABS issues partly the subject of the IF DC project. New application area may raise additional ABS issues. Freedom to

Operate

requires on-

going attention.

Subject of IF DC project. Follow-on

investment and

action likely to

be required.

Abbreviations:

IF Innovation Fund

PIC Prior Informed Consent

MAT Mutually Agreed Terms

ABS Access and Benefit Sharing

DC Devil’s Claw

NEOi Namibian Essential Oil Innovation project funded by the Innovation Fund



6. OTHER ACTIVITIES

Two Producer and Processor Organisation Profile Reports were completed by Karen Knott, NRI’s

Organisational Development Specialist. One PPO profile is for all PPOs supported in 2011 and the

other for all PPOs to be considered for support in 2012. All PPO information was updated. These

reports provide much of the information required for M&E as well as outlining the training needs for

2012. PPOs are entered in these reports by region, with detailed and extensive data applied to each.

Meike Honens wrote a Processing Module for workers at the Opuwo Processing Facility. She has also

continued her work to upgrade and manage the OPF and to lead technical training.

In December 2011 CRIAA SA-DC provided comments and inputs to the MCA-N INP Market Bulletin

No 3.

NRI and implementing partners provided comments on the MCA Namibia’s CS and INP Activities

Evaluation Design Report of NORC.

NRI, IRDNC and CRIAA SA-DC attended the IPTT meeting on 6th February when the third draft of the

IPTT Annual Action Plan to be implemented from April 2012 was presented. Of particular interest

was its choice and commitment to the support of identified pipeline species and products: Moringa

ovalifolia; various teas, notably Hibiscus sabdariffa (Mutete); Tylosema esculentum (Marama bean);

Schinziophyton rautanenii (Manketti); Citrullus lanatus (Kalahari melon seed); Ximenia americana

(&X. caffra) (Embeke); and Harpagophytum procumbens and H. zeyheri (Devil’s claw).

At the same forum Ben Bennett, NRI Project Director, presented an overview of the INP activities

supported by MCA-N, with specific reference to QPR5.

On 20th February NRI and CRIAA SA-DC attended the Devil’s Claw Working Group meeting and the

Hoodia Working Group meeting.

NRI staff members provided GIZ with inputs during the latter’s Project Planning Mission for the new

project “Focal area management of natural resources and Biodiversity and Climate Change” during

February 2012.

Michel Mallet of CRIAA SA-DC met the Namibia Business Innovation Centre (NBIC) of the Polytechnic

of Namibia to prepare a Namibian Rural Innovation Workshop to be held in March 2012 with a focus

on INPs and ABS.

On 27th February Saskia den Adel of CRIAA SA-DC made a presentation on gender in the context of

the INP PPO Activity for the MCC Social & Gender Awareness (SGA) Assessment Visit (Jane Tomlinson

and Virginia Seitz. The presentation was followed by a discussion including Dave Cole of MCA-N and

James Leith and Robert Ridgway of NRI

Two NRI management committee meetings were held during this period – one in December and one

in February.

.



7. MONITORING AND EVALUATION

Monthly Indicator Tracking Table.

Indicator

Target, by end of Q6, 29 February

2012

Achieved by 31 December

2011

Achieved by 31 January

2012

Achieved, by end of Q6, 29 February

2012

Data collection Source

Data Collection Method Data collection

(period or frequency)

1. INP PPOs with signed service agreements

30 54 56 56 Service contracts between INP PPOs and consultant

Field visits by service providers to PPOs for signatures

Once-off collection of signed service contracts

2. INP producers selected and mobilised (i.e. registered)

4,000 4,306 4,331 4,433

(2,436 women; 1,997 men)

Event reports

Event reports from field visits by service providers to PPOs and numbers of registered harvesters

At end of each training session

3. INP producers trained in sustainable harvesting techniques (i.e. Trained in Modules 15, 16, 17)

500 2,760 2,760 2,841

Workshops’ documentation – signed attendance sheets

Workshop facilitators’ records and event report

Facilitator will collect after every training workshop

4. Value of PPIGs signed, in US$ 80,000 42,830 42,830 79,400

Signed grant forms submitted to service provider and then approved

Review of approved PPIG applications

Every three months by service providers

5. Incremental PPIGs 16 18 18 23 PPIG records held in MCA-N offices

MCA-N procurement records

Quarterly, by MCA-N

6. PPOs that have developed and are using a business plan

13 0 0 6 Formulated PPO business plans

Field visits by implementing agencies to PPOs; service providers supporting development of plans

Every three months commencing in May 2011 until August 2012



Indicator

Target, by end of Q6, 29 February

2012

Achieved by 31 December

2011

Achieved by 31 January

2012

Achieved, by end of Q6, 29 February

2012

Data collection Source

Data Collection Method Data collection

(period or frequency)

7. PPOs trained in organisational management

25 32 32 38

Workshops’ documentation – signed attendance sheets

Workshop facilitators’ records

Facilitator will collect after every training workshop, from February 2011 until May 2012

8. PPOs trained in business and marketing principles

25 0 0 6

Workshops’ documentation – signed attendance sheets and event reports

Workshop facilitators’ records and event reports

Facilitator will collect after every training workshop, from February 2011 until May 2012

9. Resource management and monitoring plans

10 6 6 18 INP plans as part of PPO management frameworks

Field visits by service providers to PPOs to support development of plans

Service providers will collect every three months commencing in November 2011 until February 2013

10. PPOs certified 0 0 0 3 Certification records held in MCA-N offices

Communication with MCA-N offices

Once-off certification in May 2014

This table describes the data collected including delivered reports, and tracks results against targets.

A summary table follows, of the provisional progress of data collection for this quarter, Q6, under each of the 10 Indicators relating to the Sub-activity. It

also gives the finally achieved progress for the previous quarter, Q5, and the cumulative progress to date towards the final target figures for the Indicators.

These targets will be modified once the revised M&E plan has been approved by MCC.



Quarterly tracking table

Indicators

Provisional achievement

during current reporting Q62

Target for current

reporting Q6

Finally achieved

during previous Q5

Target for previous

quarter Q5

Cumulative achievement at

end of current Q6

Cumulative target at end of current Q6

Comments

1. INPs with signed SAs 2 5 1 5 56 30 Although only two new SA were signed this quarter, activity is still well ahead of target.

2. INP producers selected and mobilised

127

1,000 872 750 4,433

(2436 women, 1,997 men)

4,000 Number of INP producers registered and trained in at least one training module.

3. INP producers trained in sustainable harvesting techniques

81 (28 women, 53 men)

0 10 250 2841 500 Reach and effects of training impressive as proportion of sustainably harvested material increases.

4. Value of PPIGs signed, in US$

37,050 40,000 42,830 40,000 79,400 80,000 Round 2 PPIGs made up of containers used as clean, dry stores for devil’s claw incurring fairly high transport costs.

5. Incremental PPIGs 5 8 0 0 23 16 Round 2 PPIGs signed off by MCA-N in Feb 2011.

6. PPOs with adopted business plans

6 3 0 10 6 13 Behind target but intensity of training picking up in line with level of development of market participation.

7. PPOs trained in organisational management

6 5 14 5 38 25 Two or more organisational training events at each site.

2The achievements are based on the original targets for these Indicators, as the revised targets have yet to be approved.



Indicators

Provisional achievement

during current reporting Q62

Target for current

reporting Q6

Finally achieved

during previous Q5

Target for previous

quarter Q5

Cumulative achievement at

end of current Q6

Cumulative target at end of current Q6

Comments

8. PPOs trained in business and marketing principles

6 5 0 5 6 25 Well behind target but seasonality important factor and one training event completed at several more PPOs.

9. Resource management and monitoring plans

12 5 6 5 18 10 Target was zero until Q5 ending November 2011

10.PPOs certified 3 0 0 0 3 0 Target is zero until quarter ending May 2014



1. PROJECT RISKS

Risks Likelihood Impact Summary

1. Risks identified in the Inception log frame

Existing documented and grey literature is accessible Low Low Risk resolved

Environmental and social impacts (negative and positive) can be

identified and mitigated/maximised Medium High

Environmental tools now developed to mitigate the risks and maximise the

benefits – yet to be field tested in response to market stimulation. Risk of

negative impact from contamination.

Criteria for PPO selection could be subject to rapid change. Low Low This will be addressed by regular PPO Diagnostic review. Much reduced by

QPR6 as more PPOs become more established

GSIP implementation subject to change, depending on additional

research and experiences throughout project period. Low Low Risk on-going

PPO may have unrealistic expectations about the levels of support they

could receive. Low Low

Risk on-going, but reduced by QPR6. PPOs more likely to understand what

available to them but still risk that few may seek more.

Several harvester groups have expectations of support but do not meet the

criteria for that support. For example, KMS harvester groups are not being

supported as there is little market demand for their product. Responses to

requests for support need to be addressed on a case-by-case basis.

Training and support plan could be subject to change as institutional

priorities adjust. Low Low

Risk on-going. Adaptability and learning issue can overcome risk; becomes less

likely as programme more established by QPR6.

This will be addressed by regular review of the training and support plan.

Grant Manual may not be able to accommodate shifting needs of PPOs. Low Low

Risk on-going.

Risk addressed by including a range of possible goods and services and

adjusting by PPIG ‘rounds’ assuming PPIGS serve their proper function.

PPOs may lack capacity to submit applications. Low Low Risk on-going but in minority of cases, though this still important.

Mitigated by focussed support to explain the application process.

Extraneous activities cause distractions Low Low

Risk on-going.

Activities, such as the distribution of PPIG equipment to PPOs by service

providers, may create additional work for them.



Risks Likelihood Impact Summary

2. On-going risks identified since the inception and during project implementation

Strengthening of market access requirements in countries of INP export Low High Risk on-going. Risk addressed by monitoring existing export markets and anticipating adverse change as far as it can be predicted. Risk may increase.

Change in Namibian export policy of raw and semi-processed INP ingredients/products from unregulated to controlled regime

Medium High Risk is on-going. This could only partly be mitigated by shifting focus to finished INP products, but is unlikely to restore INP volumes previously marketed, or income levels for PPO members.

Multiplicity of survey teams interviewing PPOs confuses them Medium Medium

Risk on-going. Account should be taken of the time and resources committed by the team to these activities. Outside control of INP PPO Sub-activity, but can be mitigated through ongoing engagement with survey teams and continued discussion with MCA-N. Much depends on quality of field engagement.

Extreme weather events causes delay in field activities Medium Medium

Abnormally high rainfall in reporting quarter, causing flooding and restricting access to parts of North Central Regions. Addressed by rescheduling training events and field activities to post-flooding in these areas. Effects in some cases, such as Devil’s Claw harvesting may be mitigated by strictly imposed and possibly more conservative harvesting and sales seasons.

3. New on-going risks identified since QPR5

Implementation of the Convention on Bio-Diversity (CBD) Access and

Benefit Sharing (ABS) legislation in Namibia and third countries

discourages investment and increases transaction costs for INPs

Medium High

New ABS legislation in South Africa might increase the regulatory hurdles

necessary for export from Namibia for inclusion in South African products.

Proposed legislation in Namibia may discourage investment (because the

future share of income streams is unknown) or at least cause confusion.

There is a lack of clarity at some MET offices about applicability of group

harvesting permits causing confusion among some field workers and

PPOs and potential Devil’s Claw harvesters.

Medium Medium Discussion with MET to ensure consistency is alleviating this risk



9. OUTSTANDING ISSUES AND RECOMMENDATIONS

i. Efforts continue to address issues related to contamination in INPs, both chemical and

biological. Technical solutions or ‘fixes’ to some of the problems are possible (e.g. super

filters for Marula oil to remove bacteriological contamination) but other contamination

problems may prove more difficult. NRI has been working with its partners to prepare a

proposal to investigate some of these contamination issues and it is hoped that this will be

implemented in Q7 with support from MCA-N.

ii. It can be seen from the text that climatic conditions have impacted on the market potential

for both Marula and Ximenia. NRI is trying to plan ahead and increase the range of PPOs

from which material is harvested in order to increase the resilience of supply in future.

iii. NRI has experienced challenges providing sufficient market development support, a design

flaw in the original project. This has been mentioned in previous reports. One way that we

are addressing this is to align business and marketing strategies to the technology models

emerging from the MCA-N Innovation Fund initiatives. This is starting to show promise.

Next quarter we will elaborate on this approach in greater detail.

iv. A number of new INP projects are under preparation in Namibia supported by a range of

donors including German and French Development agencies. NRI has endeavoured to

support these with staff time and access to PPOs because we are pleased to find that our

work in this field may be continued after the project has finished. However, we are

concerned about donor coordination and the potential for overlapping initiatives. We

recommend that MCA-N correspond with other donors wanting to work in the INP field to

promote cohesive action.

v. The process of TTP applying for cooperative status is important for the future expansion of

the Ximenia opportunity. As reported last quarter, progress remains slow. A visit to TTP by

the NRI Team Leader is recommended in Q7.

vi. Of some concern to the team are indications that Devil’s Claw entering the Namibia from

Zambia and Angola may be higher than expected and significantly affecting the market and

possibly livelihoods. We will learn more about the scale and sourcing of this Devil’s Claw

during Quarter 7. We recommend that priority be given to investigating how best

constructively to manage this issue in co-ordination with our neighbours.

vii. The NRI project office in Windhoek was burgled during the quarter and a lap-top computer

stolen. Provisions for back-up of data and office security have been revisited.

viii. NRI hired a new Office Administrator, Ms Lis Jordan-Aiff who started in February. Lis will be

responsible for maintaining project records and information security in future.



Revisions of a number of the Indicators have been requested for approval by MCA-N. Changes have been proposed both to the titles of Indicators and to

the rate of progress in achieving set targets, as follows in bold, for Indicators 1, 2, 6, 7, 8 and 9.Indicators 3, 4, 5 and 10 remain unchanged and are also

given for completeness

Indicator

Targets (all dates refer to the end of the given month)

Nov 10

Feb 11

May 11

Aug 11

Nov 11

Feb 12

May 12

Aug 12

Nov 12

Feb 13

May 13

Aug 13

Nov 13

Feb 14

May 14

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15

1.Number of INP PPOs with signed service contracts

10 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 60 60 60

2. Number of INP producers mobilised

200 500 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 4,500 5,000 5,500 6,000 6,500 7,000 7,000 7,000 7,000

3. Number of INP producers trained in sustainable harvesting techniques

250 500 750 1,000 1,250 1,500 1,750

4. Value of PPIGs signed, in US$ 20,000 40,000 80,000 120,000 160,000 180,000 200,000

5. Number of PPIGs 5 8 16 24 32 36 40

6. Number of PPOs that have developed and are using a business plan

10 13 15 20 25 30 40 50 60

7. Number of PPOs where organisational management training has taken place with at least two training events completed

10 13 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60

8. Number of PPOs where business and marketing training has taken place with at least two training events completed

10 13 15 20 25 30 40 45 50 55 60

9. Number of PPOs with Resource Management/ Monitoring Plans

5 10 13 15 20 25 30

10. Number of certified PPOs 2



ANNEX A. SERVICE AGREEMENTS

Two new service agreements were signed in the quarter under review. These were with PPOs in the

Kavango, namely Daniel Sitentu Mpasi (80) and Katope (81). Unfortunately the decision had to be

taken to discontinue with one PPO in Omaheke (Donkerbos/Sonnebloom [64]), because it was not

viable to continue there since there was very little Devil’s Claw harvested (70kgs) and it is too

remote for a buyer or to link usefully with other producers.

PPO No. PPO Name Responsible

Service Provider INP

Date of signing

Service Agreement

KUNENE

1 Marienfluss IRDNC Commiphora 21 October 2010

2 Orupembe IRDNC Commiphora 17 October 2010

3 Sanitatas IRDNC Commiphora 19 October 2010

4 Okondjombo IRDNC Commiphora 17 October 2010

5 Puros IRDNC Commiphora 18 October 2010

6 Anabeb IRDNC Mopane 15 November 2010

8 Orupupa IRDNC Devil’s Claw 11 November 2010

9 Otjiu West IRDNC Commiphora 16 October 2010

12 Opuwo Processing Facility IRDNC Commiphora and Mopane 18 October 2010

13 Ehirovipuka IRDNC Devil’s Claw 25 March 2011

CAPRIVI

14 Kyaramacan IRDNC Devil’s Claw 11 February 2011

15 Kwando IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

16 Mayuni IRDNC Devil’s Claw 14 February 2011

17 Mashi IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

18 Sobbe IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

19 Balyerwa IRDNC Devil’s Claw 26 February 2011

20 Wuparo IRDNC Devil’s Claw 26 February 2011

21 Dzoti IRDNC Devil’s Claw 26 February 2011

24 Masida IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

25 Lubuta IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

27 Ngonga IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

28 Sachona IRDNC Devil’s Claw 10 February 2011

OHANGWENA

29 Epandulo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

30 Lyeendongula CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

31 Meameno CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

32 Tulongeni CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

33 Diinina CRIAA SA-DC Marula 14 June 2011

34 Oshawapala CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

35 Tulongeni Twahangana CRIAA SA-DC Ximenia 21 October 2011



PPO No. PPO Name Responsible

Service Provider INP

Date of signing

Service Agreement

OMUSATI

37 Pendapala CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

38 Okahulo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

39 Tunetu CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

40 Gwamiitayi CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

41 Mangundu CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

42 Omafa CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

43 Okalyohambo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 25 June 2011

44 Onongalo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

45 Iingungula CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

OSHANA

48 Shifula CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

50 Eudafano Women Co-operative

CRIAA SA-DC Marula 11 April 2011

52 Nkugoyepongo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 7 June 2011

OSHIKOTO

54 Omuntele CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

55 Nakagumbo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

56 Iihongo CRIAA SA-DC Marula 13 April 2011

58 Kuupenda CRIAA SA-DC Marula 12 April 2011

OMAHEKE

61 Vergenoeg CRIAA-SA-DC Devil’s Claw 9 December 2010

62 Gemsbokfontein CRIAA SA-DC Devil’s Claw 12 January 2011

63 Tjaka Ben Hur CRIAA SA-DC Devil’s Claw 13 January 2011

OTJOZONDJUPA

69 Nyae Nyae CRIAA SA-DC Devil’s Claw 14 December 2010

70 N#a Jaqna CRIAA SA-DC Devil’s Claw 8 June 2011

KAVANGO

76 Muduva Nyangana NNF Devil’s Claw 23 January 2012

77 George Mukoya NNF Devil’s Claw 22 January 2012

78 Joseph Mbambangandu NNF Devil’s Claw 21 January 2012

80 Daniel Sitentu Mpasi NNF Devil’s Claw 26 January 2012

81 Katope NNF Devil’s Claw 27 January 2012



ANNEX B. SUMMARY OF STATUS OF PREPARATION OF TRAINING MODULES

The development and testing of 28 written training materials have continued, and the full

implementation of the contracted training of PPO members is underway. The current status of

compilation of all the training modules is as follows:

Types of training provided by service providers to PPO members

A Information sharing, planning and feedback

B Clustered training for PPO staff and management

C Specialised or technical training events for selected individuals

D Harvester training, on site, at village level

E Processor training

F Exchange visits

G Training of trainers

Theme No. Module Title

TM-Trainers’

Manual

UM-Users’

Manual

Date Compiled, or Current

Compiler, or On Hold

Organisational

Development

1 Organising harvester groups UM 9 April 2011

2 Managing CBOs On hold

3 Roles and responsibilities UM 10 April 2011

4 Financial management TM From CDSS on

30 August 2011

5 Organising an annual general meeting TM 1 March 2011

6 Integration of INPs into CBO

management n/a

Currently training needs are too

varied for the compilation of

one training manual – DoF

materials being for CF

registration

Business and

Marketing Skills

7 Introduction to business and

marketing principles

Will be compiled at the end of the

devil’s claw harvesting season

8 Negotiation skills and contracts On hold

9 Product development and adding

value On hold

10 Pricing, benefits and overheads of INPs On hold

Leadership

11 Managing a buying point UM 24 February 2011

12 Conflict resolution 30 October 2011

13 Decision-making and planning On hold

14 Report writing On hold

Sustainable

Resource

Utilisation

15 Policy and permits UM 24 February 2011

16 Harvester registration and rules UM 1 March 2011

17 Harvesting practices UM 24 February 2011

INP Management

18 Management and monitoring plans

to implement adaptive management TM 31 August 2011

19 Methods for monitoring during and

after the harvest TM

Being compiled by Daniela Neu,

CRIAA



Theme No. Module Title

TM-Trainers’

Manual

UM-Users’

Manual

Date Compiled, or Current

Compiler, or On Hold

Gender

20 Gender Action Learning System

To be compiled by Saskia den

Adel, CRIAA. Research. Field

research completed and findings

due to be presented to

workshop at MCA-N including

MCC representatives

21 Gender for management committees

Part of CDSS module 1.5: social

and gender awareness. Final

draft submitted to MCA-N for

approval.

22 Public speaking and communication

skills TM 24 February 2011

Administrative

Skills

23 Office management On hold

24 Taking minutes at a meeting Being compiled by Daniela Neu,

CRIAA

25 Proposal writing On hold

INP Quality 26 Monitoring of material against

standards

On hold

Processing 27 Processing of Mopane and

Commiphora TM 10 January

Business Planning 28 Business plans – three levels TM Various adapted

Enrichment planting

29 Nursery management and enrichment planting

TM may be unnecessary for this

work

The development of several units listed above has been put ‘on hold’. Modules 2, 6, 8, 9 and 10

are on hold because of the varied natures of both the PPOs and their INPs. These make it

difficult to develop one module under each title that is relevant to the training needs of all PPOs.

Also, as the training schedule has been implemented, it has become apparent that, whilst the

training of these modules remains a need for all PPOs, it is important that institutional and

marketing issues are first addressed. For example, during the current training year Module 6

refers to the registration of Conservancies as community forests. Several PPOs are registered as

Conservancies, which grant them rights to wildlife and tourism resources. If these CBOs require

the legal rights to plant resources they will first need to register as community forests with

Government. DoF has training materials and templates to assist them achieve this goal, and

currently these are being tested and used.

Training Modules 23, 25 and 26 were not prioritised for compilation until this year.



ANNEX C. SUMMARY OF EXISTING PPIG CONTRACTS

The table contain the full list of equipment provided to 5 PPOs under Round 2 of the PPIG award

scheme.

PP

O N

o.

PP

O

Nam

e

6 m

con

tain

er

sto

re

roo

m

Fold

ing

tab

le

chai

r

Wal

l saf

e

Sign

age

Val

ue

(N$

)

Excl

ud

ing

VA

T

3 Sanitatas 1 1 2 1 55,973.67

15 Kwando 1 1 2 1 1 57,218.99

61 Vergenoeg 1 1 2 2 55,973.67

63 Tjaka Ben Hur 1 1 2 2 55,973.67

70 N#a Jaqna 1 1 2 2 53,860.00

TOTAL 279,000.00



ANNEX D. WORK PLAN FOR 2012

The PPOs eligible for support in Year 2 of the Sub-activity, 2012, and the work plan for

training interventions into each PPO are as follows.

Service provider

IRDNC 1

CRIAA SA-DC 2

NNF 3

Region

Kunene 1

Caprivi 2

Ohangwena 3

Omusati 4

Oshana 5

Oshikoto 6

Omaheke 7

Otjozondjupa 11

Kavango 12

Serv

ice

pro

vid

er

Re

gio

n

PP

O n

o.

PPO Name Resource

1 1 1 Marienfluss Conservancy /Community Forest Commiphora & Sarcocaulon

1 1 2 Orupembe Conservancy/Community Forest Commiphora & Sarcocaulon

1 1 3 Sanitatas Conservancy/Community Forest Commiphora & Sarcocaulon

1 1 4 Okondjombo Conservancy/ Community Forest Commiphora & Sarcocaulon

1 1 5 Puros Conservancy/Community Forest Commiphora & Sarcocaulon

1 1 8 Orupupa Conservancy DC

1 1 12 Opuwo Processing Facility Commiphora & Mopane

1 1 13 Ehirovipuka Conservancy DC

1 2 14 Kyaramacan Association DC

1 2 15 Kwando Conservancy/Community forest (MNC) DC

1 2 16 Mayuni Conservancy (MNC) DC

1 2 17 Mashi Conservancy (MNC) DC

1 2 18 Sobbe Conservancy (MNC) DC

1 2 19 Balyerwa Conservancy and Community Forest (MSC) DC

1 2 20 Wuparo Conservancy and Community Forest (MSC) DC

1 2 21 Dzoti Conservancy and Community Forest (MSC) DC

1 2 24 Masida Community Forest (Sobbe Cons.) DC

1 2 25 Lubuta Community Forest (Mashi Cons.) DC

1 2 27 Ngonga Community Forest (Lizauli Cons) DC

1 2 28 Sachona Community Forest DC



Serv

ice

pro

vid

er

Re

gio

n

PP

O n

o.

PPO Name Resource

2 3 29 Epandulo Association (EWC) Marula

2 3 30 Lyeendongula Association (EWC) Marula

2 3 31 Meameno Association (EWC) Marula

2 3 32 Tulongeni Association (EWC) Marula

2 3 33 Diinina Association (EWC) Marula

2 3 34 Oshawapala Association (EWC) Marula

2 3 35 Tulongeni Twahangana Producers (TTP) Ximenia

2 4 37 Pendapala Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 38 Okahulo Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 39 Tunetu Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 40 Gwamiitayi Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 41 Mangundu Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 42 Omafa Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 43 Okalyohambo Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 44 Onangalo Association (EWC) Marula

2 4 45 Iingungula Association (EWC) Marula

2 5 48 Shifula Association (EWC) Marula

2 5 49 EWMM Pty Ltd as EWC factory company Marula

2 5 50 Eudafano Women Cooperative Marula

2 5 52 Nkugoyepongo Association (EWC) Marula

2 6 54 Omuntele Association (EWC) Marula

2 6 55 Nakagumbo Association (EWC) Marula

2 6 56 Iihongo Association (EWC) Marula

2 6 58 Kuupenda Association (EWC) Marula

2 7 61 SHDC Vergenoeg DC

2 7 62 SHDC Gemsbokfontein DC

2 7 63 SHDC Tjaka Ben Hur DC

2 11 69 Nyae Nyae Conservancy DC

2 11 70 N#a Jaqna Conservancy DC

2 11 72 African Wild Dog Conservancy DC

2/3 11 75 Ondjou Conservancy (Gam) DC

3 12 76 Muduva Nyangana Conservancy DC

3 12 77 George Mukoya Conservancy DC

3 12 78 Joseph Mbambangandu Conservancy DC

3 12 80 Daniel Sitentu Mpasi Conservancy DC

3 12 81 Katope Community Forest DC



Training and technical support plan for 2012

Themes and modules

TRAINING THEMES TRAINING MODULES

Organisational Development

1 Organising harvester groups

2 Managing CBOs

3 Roles and responsibilities

4 Financial management

5 Organising an AGM

6 Integration of INPs into CBO management

Business and marketing skills

7 Introduction to business and marketing principles

8 Negotiation skills and contracts

9 Product development and adding value

10 Pricing, benefits and overheads of INPs

11 Managing a buying point

Leadership

12 Conflict resolution

13 Decision-making and planning

14 Report writing

Sustainable resource utilisation

15 Policy and permits

16 Harvester registration and rules

17 Harvesting practices

INP management 18 Management and monitoring plans

19 Methods for monitoring during and after the harvest

Gender

20 Gender Action Learning System

21 Gender for Management Committees

22 Public speaking/communication skills

Administrative skills

23 Office management

24 Taking minutes of a meeting

25 Proposal writing

INP quality 26 Monitoring of material against standards

Processing 27 Processing of DC, Mopane or Commiphora

Business plans 28 Business plans – three levels

Enrichment planting 29 Nursery management and enrichment planting



Summary of Service providers and planned interventions in 2012

Resource Service

provider

No. of PPOs to receive training

No. of training module events*

No. of PPOs to receive technical support

No. of training theme

events*

Commiphora and Sarcocaulon

IRDNC 1 3 6 11

Ximenia CRIAA 1 13 1 11

Marula CRIAA 23 11 23 13

Devil’s Claw

CRIAA 7 15 7 15

NNF 1 7 4 8

IRDNC 7 6 14 11

Total 40 55

*Not all the PPOs will receive training or technical support relating to all of these modules or

themes

In the following tables of training to be provided in 2012, the symbols indicate:

X Training definitely to be provided

* Training not definitely to be provided, but likely to be

? Currently uncertain whether training will be provided.



Commiphora and Sarcocaulon Ximenia

PPO No.

1 2 3 4 5 12

Mo

du

le

1 TR

TS X X X X X

2 TR X

TS X

3 TR X

TS X

4 TR X

TS X

5 TR

TS X X X X X

10 TR

TS X

11 TR

TS X X X X

18 TR

TS X X X X X

26 TR

TS X

27 TR

TS X

28 TR

TS X

PPO No.

35

Mo

du

le

1 TR X

TS

3 TR X

TS

4 TR X

TS X

5 TR X

TS X

7 TR X

TS

8 TR

TS X

10 TR X

TS X

11 TR X

TS X

13 TR X

TS X

23 TR X

TS X

24 TR X

TS X

26 TR X

TS X

27 TR X

TS X

28 TR X

TS X



Devil’s Claw

PPO No.

8 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 27 28 61 62 63 69 70 72 75 76 77 78 80 81

Mo

du

le

1 TR X X X X X X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

2 TR X X X X

TS X X X X X X X

3 TR X X X X

TS X X X X

4 TR X X

TS X X X X X X X

6 TR X X

TS X X

7 TR X X X X X X X

TS

8 TR X X X X X X X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

10 TR X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

11 TR X X X X X X X X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

14 X X

X X

15 TR X X X X




PPO No.

8 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 24 25 27 28 61 62 63 69 70 72 75 76 77 78 80 81

Mo

du

le

16 TR X X X X X X X X X


17 TR X X X X X X


18 TR X X X X X X X X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X

19 TR X X X X X X X


22 X X

X X

26 TR

TS X X X

28 TR X X X X X X X X X X X ? ?

TS X X X X X X X X

29 TR X X X X

TS X X X X



Marula

PPO No.

29 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 48 49 50 52 54 55 56 58

Mo

du

le

1 TR X X X

TS

2 TR

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

3 TR X X X

TS

4 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X


5 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

7 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

TS X X

8 TR *

TS X *

10 TR * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

TS X X

11 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

TS X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X * X X X X X

12 TR X

TS X



PPO No.

29 30 31 32 33 34 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 48 49 50 52 54 55 56 58

Mo

du

le

13 TR X

TS X X

23 TR X X

TS X X

26 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X


27 TR *

TS X

28 TR X X X X X X X X X X X X X X ? X X X X X X




ANNEX E. AN EXAMPLE OF A DEVIL’S CLAW PURCHASING AGREEMENT

WUPARO CONSERVANCY & CF

DEVIL’S CLAW PURCHASING AGREEMENT 2012

It is hereby agreed by the signatories to this agreement that:

1. The guaranteed minimum price to be paid to harvesters by the Devil’s Claw purchaser at the time

of purchase shall be N$ ….. per dry kilogram of Devil’s Claw. The price to harvesters could

increase during the season due to positive market developments.

2. The Management Fee to be paid to the PPO by the purchaser shall be determined by the

following components:

□ Training, Registration of Harvesters, Harvesting Permit N$ ______

_________________________________________________

□ Sourcing and distribution of harvesting equipment N$ ______

_________________________________________________

□ Management of intake of filled bags N$ ______

_________________________________________________

□ Administration of buying point N$ ______

_________________________________________________

□ Monitoring N$ ______

_________________________________________________

□ Record keeping and reporting N$ ______

_________________________________________________

3. The quantity will not be less than ……………… kg

4. This agreement is valid for the 2012 harvesting season.

SIGNED IN ___________________ THIS ____ DAY OF _____________________ 2012

AS WITNESSES:

1. ________________ _______________________________

Wuparo Cons

2. _______________



AS WITNESSES:

1. ________________ ______________________________

ECOSO Dynamics

2. _________________

indigenous natural products producer and processor … ppo quarterly... · 2018-09-27 · quarterly...

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