india present day
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India
Present Day
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Government
• Federal Republic – power is shared between the national government & various state governments (Like the US)
• India is the world’s largest democracy
• Has 28 states and 7 union territories
• Government is based on Britain's parliamentary system (I wonder why? You better know this!)
Executive Branch
• India has a President & Vice President
• However, main power is held by the Prime Minister
• Prime Minister leads the government & sets policy
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Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of India
Legislative Branch
• Parliament– Council of States– People’s Assembly
Members of both groups are elected by the people
Judicial Branch
• Supreme Court– Interprets laws – Judges appointed by the President & remain
in office until they are 65
Indian Constitution
• One of the world’s longest & most detailed
• Guarantees all citizens basic rights (Like the US Bill of Rights)
• Also states that citizens must:– Defend the country when necessary– Promote harmony among ethnic & religious
groups
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Economy
• Mixture of traditional & modern• 1970’s – India began moving to a Free Market
economy – reducing gov’t control & ownership of industries
• Ranked in the world’s top 10 industrial countries• Labor Force
– 60% Agriculture– 12% Industry– 28% Service
Industries
• Include: textiles, jewelry, cars, oil products, chemicals, food processing, electronics
• One of the world’s top coal producers
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Service Industries
Outsourcing – hiring workers in other countries to do a set of jobs– Popular in India because:
• Low wages• Large #’s of workers who are educated, skilled, &
fluent in English
Outsourcing
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Bollywood
• Movie industry is one of the world’s largest
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Agriculture (Farming)
• More than ½ of India’s land is used for farming
• Most farms are small – less than 2.5 acres (Subsistence Agriculture)
• Leading crops include rice, wheat, cotton, tea, sugarcane, jute
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Green Revolution
• A program begun by the Indian government in the 1970’s to encourage farmers to modernize their methods to produce more food– Include greater use of fertilizers, pesticides– (+)Crop yields increased– (-)Pollution
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Population
• More than 2/3’s live in rural areas
• Urban areas are very crowded (India has 3 cities larger than New York City)
Daily Life
• Family life is very important• Marriage
– Viewed as joining 2 families– Arranged marriages still exists
• Several generations often live together in the same house
• Housing: – Rural – mud huts– Urban
• Middle Class - houses, high rise apartments• Poor – Slums – shacks
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Challenges
• Not enough jobs
• 25% of population live in poverty
• Population growth
• Environmental challenges