Index

Abdominal lesion, on chest radio­graph,46

Abscess, pulmonary, see Lung abscess

ACE, see Angiotensin-converting enzyme

Acetylsalicylic acid-induced pulmo­nary injury, 375, 382

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), see also Immunocom­promised host

bronchoalveolar lavage in, 137 lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis in,

477 mycobacterial pulmonary infection

with, 197 Pneumocystis infestation with,

249-250 pulmonary complications of, 252 tuberculosis with, 188, 197

Actinomyces clavatus, in food pro­duction alveolitis, 407

Actinomyces israelii infection, 184, 248

Adenomas, 441 Adenomatoid malformation, cystic,

277 Aerosol-induced pulmonary injury,

414-416 AIDS, see Acquired immunodefi-

ciency syndrome Air, extrapulmonary, 560-561 Air bronchogram, 51 Air passage, clearance mechanisms

in, 26 Airspace pattern, on chest radio­

graph,52 Airway

anatomy and histology of, 10-15 injury to, in chest trauma, 507-508 obstruction of, 232-237, 559-560 upper

chronic obstructive disease of, 232-237

in sarcoidosis, 215 Airway resistance, 123-124 Alkylating agent-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Allergic alveolitis

drug-induced, 33, 376

radiological appearance of, 402-407 Allergic granulomatosis, 306-307 Aluminum-induced pulmonary injury,

398 Alveolar damage, drug-induced, pre-

disposing risks for, 375 Alveolar duct, anatomy of, 17 Alveolar hemorrhage, 306-307 Alveolar macrophage, recovered in

bronchoalveolar lavage, 135 Alveolar pattern, on chest radiograph,

52,263-264 Alveolar pulmonary edema, 366 Alveolar wall, anatomy of, 17 Alveolitis

allergic drug-induced, 33, 376 radiological appearance of,

402-407 food production, 407 idiopathic fibrosing, computed

tomography of, 269 in sarcoidosis, 201-203

Amebiasis, empyema from, 324-325 Amiodarone-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 380 Ammonia, upper respiratory damage

from inhalation of, 413 Amniotic fluid embolism, 351-352 Amphotericin-induced pUlmonary

injury, 375, 382 Ampicillin-induced pulmonary injury,

381 Amyloidosis

pulmonary manifestations of, 301-302

radiography of, 233-234 Analgesic-induced pulmonary injury,

375 Aneurysm

of pulmonary artery, 163 thoracic-aortic

angiography of, 107 computed tomography in evalua­

tion of, 63 Angiitis, pulmonary, 305-306 Angiographic embolectomy, in chest

trauma, 503 Angiography, see also Arteriography

in Beh<ret's disease, 166

in bullous disease, 284 in diagnosis of pulmonary arterio­

venous fistula, 168 digital subtraction (DSA)

in lung cancer, 433 of thoracic vessels, 99-109 in trauma to chest, 501

Angioimmunoblastic lymphadeno­pathy,477

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)

in sarcoidosis, 205, 209, 211 as serum marker of lung disease,

137 Ankylosing spondylitis, pulmonary

manifestations of, 303-304 Antiarrhythmic-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 380 Antibacterial agent-induced pulmo­

nary injury, 375 Antibiotic-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 378, 381 Anticonvulsant-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Antigen, human leukocyte (HLA),

sarcoidosis and, 200-201 Antigenic hyperreactivity, testing for,

120 Antimetabolite-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Aorta

aneurysm of angiography of, 107 computed tomography in evalua-

tion of, 63 coarctation of, angiography of, 106 injury to, in chest trauma, 511-512 in sarcoidosis, 215 septal defects of, angiography of,

106-107 thoracic, dissection of, 562

Aortography, thoracic, 106-107 Aortopulmonary window, angiogra­

phy of, 106-107 Apical cap, on pleural radiograph, 48 ARDS, see Respiratory distress syn­

drome, adult Area detector systems, for chest

imaging, 155-156 Arteries, see also Pulmonary arteries

567

568

Arteries (contd.) brachiocephalic, injury to, in chest

trauma, 511-512 bronchial, acquired disorders of,

169 coronary

injury to, in chest trauma, 513, 516

in sarcoidosis, 215 intercostal, in chest trauma, 513 mammary, internal, in chest

trauma, 512-513 thoracic, embolization of, 105-106

Arteriography, see also Angiography bronchial, 103-106 pulmonary, 99-103 of pulmonary embolism, 350-351

Arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary, 100-101, 167-168

Arteriovenous malformation, see also Pulmonary vasculature

computed tomography to diagnose, 63-65

Arteritis, 165-166 Arthritis, rheumatoid, pulmonary

manifestations of, 302-303 Asbestosis, 395-398

computed tomography of, 68, 269-270

Aspergillosis, 307 bronchopulmonary, allergic, 404 invasive, in immunocompromised

host, 245-246 lung abscess secondary to, 322 in pneumoconiosis, 395

Aspiration trans bronchial needle, 130 transthoracic needle, 132, 463

Aspiration lung abscess, 315-320 Aspirin-induced pulmonary injury,

375,382 Asthma

bronchial, lung functioning in, 128 clinical presentation of, 221-223

Ataxia-telangiectasia (Louis-Bar syn­drome),310

Atelectasis, 332-341 on chest radiograph, of lung embo­

lism,346 in chest trauma, 508 in intensive care medicine, 558

Auscultation, in pulmonary disease diagnosis, 37

Axilla, metastatic lymphadenopathy of, 544

Azathioprine-induced pulmonary injury, 375, 380

Azygos vein abnormalities of, 170-171 size of, in pulmonary edema,

360-361

Bacteria, as cause of pneumonia, 175-185

Bacterial infection, in immunocom-promised host, 241-245

Bagassosis, 405 BAL, see Bronchoalveolar lavage Barbiturate-induced pulmonary injury,

382 Barium, advantages and disadvan­

tages of, in bronchography, III Barium-induced pulmonary injury,

398-399 Bat-wing pattern, on chest radio-

graph, 307 B6 bronchus sign, 51 BCND, see Carmustine Beh~et's disease, 166 Beryllium-induced pulmonary injury,

398 Biopsy

computed tomography-guided, 71-72

in sarcoidosis, 205 surgical procedures for, 130-133 transthoracic needle, of solitary

pulmonary nodule, 463 Bird fancier's/breeder's disease, 403 Blastomyces dermatitidis infection, in

immunocompromised host, 248 Bleomycin-induced pulmonary dam­

age, 253, 375, 379, 381 detected by computed tomography,

269 Blood circulation, intrapulmonary,

23-24 Blood gases, 127 Blue bloater pattern, in emphysema,

225, 227-229 Bochdalek's hernia, 526-527 Body box, see Plethysmograph, body Bone marrow transplantation, nonin-

fectious complications of, 252 Brachiocephalic arteries, injury to, in

chest trauma, 511-512 Breast gland, disorders of, 546-547 Breathing, mechanics of, 123-125 Breathlessness, see Dyspnea Bronchial arteries, acquired disorders

of, 169 Bronchial arteriography, 103-106 Bronchial asthma, lung functioning in,

128 Bronchial blood vessels, anatomy of,

23-24, 103 Bronchial carcinoma, angiography of,

101 Bronchial disorders

computed tomography of, 70-71 magnetic resonance imaging of,

81-82 Bronchial provocation testing,

120-121 Bronchiectasis, 284-290

bleeding in, 34 bronchography in, 113-116, 288 computed tomography in, 288-289 diagnosis of, 228 types of, 286

Index

Bronchioalveolar tumor, intravascular (IVBAT), 447

Bronchioles, respiratory, 16-17 Bronchioli, structure of, 15 Bronchiolitis obliterans, 289-290

drug-induced, 378, 382 pathology of, 402 phosgene inhalation-induced, 410

Bronchioloalveolar cell carcinoma, 430-431

Bronchitis chronic, 223-225

perfusion imaging in, 232 chronic obstructive, lung function­

ing in, 128 Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL),

134-137 for drug-induced pulmonary paren­

chymal damage, 374 in sarcoidosis, 203, 205, 208

Bronchoalveolography, selective, in emphysema, 228, 230

Bronchodilators, response to, 121 Bronchogenic carcinoma, 291

chest radiograph of, 40 computed tomography of, 70-71,

291 lateral tomogram of, 45 magnetic resonance imaging of, 82,

84 Bronchogenic cysts, 276-277, 496

sonogram of, 93 Bronchography, 11 0-117

in bronchiectasis, 288 in bullous lung disease, 282-284 in chronic bronchitis, 225 complications of, 111 contrast media in, 110-111 in emphysema, 228 history of, 11 0 indications for, 113-114 in lung cancer, 424-425 in MacLeod syndrome, 278 techniques of, 11 0-111 in tracheobronchomegaly, 236

Bronchophony, in pulmonary disease, 37

Bronchopneumonia, see also Pneumo­nia

chronic as cause of pulmonary hyperten­

sion, 164 perfusion imaging of, 146

in immunocompromised host, 245 phosgene inhalation-induced, 410

Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, allergic, 404

Bronchopulmonary sarcoma, primary, 447

Bronchoscopy, 130-131 Bronchospasm

bronchography-induced, 111 drug-induced, 33

Bronchus carcinoma of, cigarette smoking as

cause of, 33

Index

Bronchus (contd.) fracture of, in chest trauma, 508 main, anatomy of, 14 malignant melanoma of, 446 in sarcoidosis, 215 structure of, 15

Bullae, diagnosis of, 228 Bullous emphysema, angiography of,

101 Bullous lung disease, 279, 281-284 Busulfan-induced pulmonary injury,

253, 375, 379 Byssinosis, 405

Cadmium, upper respiratory injury from inhalation of, 414, 416

Calcification of first rib cartilage, simulating

pulmonary density on radiograph, 41

metastatic, pulmonary manifesta­tions of, 297-298

of solitary pulmonary nodule, 452-453, 455-456

of tumor, in lung cancer, 428 Cancer, lung, see Lung cancer Candida albicans infection, in im­

munocompromised host, 246, 248 Caplan's syndrome, 302, 394 Carbamazepine-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 381 Carbon monoxide, pulmonary diffus­

ing capacity for, 125-127 Carbon monoxide inhalation injury,

417-418 Carbonyl chloride, see Phosgene Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), as

serum marker of lung disease, 137

Carcinoid tumor, 442-443 Carcinoma, see also Lung cancer;

Squamous cell carcinoma bronchioloalveolar cell, 430-431 bronchogenic

angiography of, 101 chest radiograph of, 40 cigarette smoking as cause of, 33 computed tomography of, 70-71 lateral tomogram of, 45 magnetic resonance imaging of,

82,84 primary mediastinal, 491-492 squamous cell, 427, 429, 431

Carcinomatosis, lymphangitic, 468-469

Carcinosarcoma, 446-447 Cardiac abnormalities, in pulmonary

edema, 359-360 Cardiac disease

lung imaging in, 150 prior, pulmonary embolism with,

349 radiation-induced, 481-482

Cardiac injury, in chest trauma, 515-516

Cardiac involvement, in sarcoidosis, 215

Cardiac lymphoma, 301 Cardiac tamponade, 561 Carmustine (BCNU)-induced pulmo­

nary injury, 375, 379 Castleman's disease (giant lymph

node hyperplasia), 478-480 Cavitating fungal lung disease,

322-323 Cavitating lesion, 291, 302, 428 Cavitating pneumoconiosis, 394-395 Cavitating pulmonary metastasis, 468 Cavitating pulmonary nodule, soli-

tary,452 Cavography, superior, techniques of,

107-108 CCNU, see Lomustine CEA, see Carcinoembryonic antigen Cheese washers' lung, 407 Chemotherapy lung, see Lung

disease, drug-induced Chest

anatomy of, 3-10 intensive care, 551-565 palpation of, in pulmonary disease,

36-37 patterns of metastatic spread to,

467-472 radiotherapy effects on, 480-483

Chest film in cavitating fungal lung disease,

484-486 in chest trauma, 501

Chest fluoroscopy, 40 of diaphragm, 526 of solitary pulmonary nodule, 453,

455 Chest image

digital, 154-159 dirty, in chronic bronchitis, 223

Chest imaging, digital, storage and communication of, 156-157

Chest pain, in pulmonary disease, 34-35

Chest radiograph of asthma, 221-223 bat-wing pattern on, 307 of chronic bronchitis, 223-224 dirty, 51 honeycomb lung in, 286-288,

291-294, 304 interpretation of, 44, 46, 259-263 lateral decubitus, 39 of lobar collapse, 333-340 lordotic view, 39 oblique view, 39 patterns in, 263-267, 286-288,

291-294 in lung cancer, 425-433

plain, of pulmonary embolism, 345-349

of pleural empyema, 326-328 of pneumonia, 556-558 portable, 40 posteroanterior and lateral, 39-40

of pulmonary edema, 357-368 of pulmonary embolism, 344-351 reporting on, 42-44, 46 viewing conditions for, 42-43

Chest radiography, conventional, 39-59

of chest wall, 542-544 digitization of, 155-156 in lung cancer, 423-425

569

roentgen anatomy and image forma­tion in, 46-54

of solitary pulmonary nodule, 451-457

technical aspects of, 39-40 Chest trauma, 501-523

adult respiratory distress syndrome in, 506-507

airway injury in, 507-508 angiographic embolectomy in, 503 aorta and brachiocephalic artery

injury in, 511-512 atelectasis in, 508 bronchus fracture in, 508 cardiac injury in, 515-516 chylothorax in, 509 combined thoracic and extrathora­

cic injury in, 517-518 computed tomography in, 501-502,

504 control of hemorrhage in, 502-503 coronary artery injury in, 516 diagnostic imaging in, 501-502 diaphragm injury in, 516-517, 530 drainage in, 503 esophageal injury in, 516 fat embolism in, 506 hemomediastinum in, 509, 511 hemothorax in, 508-509 interventive radiology in, 502-503 lung injury in, 504-505 magnetic resonance imaging in, 502 mediastinum injury in, 509-511 myocardial contusion and rupture

in, 515-516 pericardial injury in, 516 pleural injury in, 508-509 pneumatocele, posttraumatic, 505 pneumomediastinum in, 509-510 pneumothorax in, 508, 560-561 radionuclide imaging in, 502 rib injuries in, 503 skeletal injuries in, 503-504 spinal injuries in, thoracic, 504-505 sternum injuries in, 503-504 subarachnoid-pleural fistula in, 509 thoracic artery injury in, 512-514 thoracic duct injury in, 516 thoracobiliary fistula in, 509 tracheal laceration in, 507 vein injury in, 514-515

Chest wall abnormalities of

in pulmonary disease, 36 ultrasound examination of, 95

anatomy of, 4-7 computed tomography of, 542-548

570

Chest wall (contd.) conventional radiography of,

542-544 lateral, 546-547 lesions of, benign and malignant,

542-548 magnetic resonance imaging of,

544-546, 548 paraspinal, disorders of, 547-548

Chilaiditi's syndrome, 529 Chlamydia psittacis, 184 Chlorambucil-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 379 Chlordiazepoxide-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 382 Chlorine gas, upper respiratory dam­

age from inhalation of, 412-413 Chlorozotocin-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Chlorpromazine-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Chomdromas,444 Churg-Strauss disease, see Allergic

granulomatosis Cigarette smoking, as risk factor for

pulmonary disease and cancer, 33 Clear cell tumor, 445 Clubbing, of finger, 35-36, 447 CMV, see Cytomegalovirus pneumo-

nia Coagulation, disseminated intravascu­

lar (DIC), cytotoxic drug­induced, 374

Coal miner, lung diseases of, 391-395 Coarctation of aorta, angiography of,

106 Cobalt, upper respiratory injury from

inhalation of, 416 Coccidioidomycosis, in immunocom­

promised host, 248 Coin lesion, in lung cancer, 428, 431,

440-441 Colchicine-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 382 Collagen vascular diseases, pUlmo­

nary manifestations of, 302-305, 307

Collapse, pulmonary, 332-341, see also Atelectasis

Colon, metastatic carcinoma of, 469 Compliance, of lung, 123 Computed tomography (CT)

of arteriovenous fistula, 167-168 biological problems with, 461-462 biopsy guided by, 71-72 of bronchiectasis, 288-289 of bronchogenic carcinoma, 70-71,

291 of bullous lung disease, 282-284 in calcification detection, 453-454,

456 of chest trauma, 501-502, 504-519 of chest wall, 542-548 of chronic bronchitis, 225 of chronic obstructive diseases of

upper airway, 232-237

comparison with bronchography, in bronchiectasis, 114, 225

comparison with magnetic reso­nance imaging, 86

of diaphragm, 526-527, 531, 534-535

of diffuse lung diseases, 267-271 dual-energy, 461 of emphysema, 230-232 of empyema, 325-328 of hilar pathology, 61-63 of histiocytosis X, 293 of honeycomb lung pattern, 292 of hydatid disease of lung, 291 of lung abscess, 317, 319, 321 of lung cancer, 423-428, 433-436 of lung disease in immunocom-

promised host, 240, 246-247 of lymphadenopathy, 299 of MacLeod syndrome, 278 of mediastinal lesions, 61-63, 276,

486-498 of myasthenia gravis, 488-489 nodule phantom on, 460-461 of pleural abnormalities, 538,

540-542 of pleural metastases, 470, 542 of pneumonia, 186 principle of, 61 of pulmonary artery abnormalities,

164 of pulmonary collapse, 332-340 of pulmonary embolism, 350 of pulmonary vein pathology, 166 of sarcoidosis, 207, 210, 212-216 single-photon emission (SPECT),

144 of solitary pulmonary nodule,

450-451, 457-462 of superior vena cava disorders,

170-171 thoracic abnormalities as viewed

by, 61-71 of thoracic lymphoma, 475 of thorax, 60-76 of thymic masses, 487 of tuberculosis, 190, 192, 195-196 variable results from, 458-460 of von Recklinghausen's neurofibro­

matosis, 293, 309-310 Conducting system of lung, anatomy

and histology of, 15-17 Congenital abnormalities

bronchial, arteriography of, 103-104

cystic, 276-281 pulmonary

angiography of, 100-101 cysts, 276

of thoracic aorta, angiography of, 106-107

of vena cava, angiography of, 108

Congenital hiatal hernia, 529 Connective tissue system of lung,

anatomy of, 21-22

Contusion, in chest trauma myocardial, 515-516 pulmonary, 505

Index

Conventional radiography, see Chest radiography, conventional

Conventional tomography, see Tomography, conventional

COPD, see Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive

Coronary arteries injury to, in chest trauma, 516 in sarcoidosis, 215

Cough, in pulmonary disease, 33-34 Coxiella burnetti, 184 Crackles, in pulmonary disease, 37 Cromolyn sodium-induced pulmonary

injury, 380 Cryptococcus neoformans infection,

in immunocompromised host, 246-248

CT, see Computed tomography Cumulative effect, of superimposition

on radiograph, 260-261 Cyanosis, 35 Cyclophosphamide-induced pulmo-

nary injury, 375, 379, 382 Cylindrical bronchiectasis, 286 Cylindromas, 441 Cyst, bronchogenic, 276-277 Cystic adenomatoid malformation,

277 Cystic bronchiectasis, 286, 288 Cystic congenital lesion, 276-281 Cystic disease, acquired, 279,

281-294 Cystic fibrosis, hereditary factors, 33 Cystic lung disorders, see Lung

disease, cystic Cystic lymphangioma, 498 Cystic masses, mediastinal, 496-498 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonia,

in immunocompromised host, 249 Cytosine arabinoside-induced pulmo­

nary injury, 375, 382

Dantrolene-induced pulmonary injury, 378, 381

Density extrapulmonary, mistaken for intra­

pulmonary lesion, 46 pulmonary

calcified first rib cartilage simulat­ing, on radiograph, 41

in emphysema, 230-231 measurement by computed

tomography, 268-269 Density contrast, of computed tomog­

raphy,66 Dermatomyositis, pulmonary manifes­

tations of, 303 Diagnostic utility, of radiographic

equipment, measurement of, 157 Diaphragm, 524-537

accessory hemidiaphragm, 531, 535 anatomy of, 6-7, 524

Index

Diaphragm (contd.) on chest radiograph, 48 computed tomography of, 534-535 disorders of, 526-529 eventration of, 529 fatigue of, 533 flutter of, 533-534 hernia of, 526-529 hiccups, 533 injury to, in chest trauma, 516-517 motion of, disorders of, 533-534 normal radiographic appearance of,

524-526 paralysis of, 531-532 peri diaphragmatic regions of, 534 physiology of, 524 trauma to, 516-517, 530 tumors of, 530-531 ultrasound examination of, 95-97 weakness of, 532

Diaphragmatic palsy, in lung cancer, 427-428

DIC, see Coagulation, disseminated intravascular

Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), in perfusion imaging, 141-142, 144-145

Diffusing capacity, pulmonary, for carbon monoxide, 125-127

Digital chest imaging, see Chest image, digital

Digital projection radiography, see Radiography, digital projection

Digital subtraction angiography, see Angiography, digital subtraction

Digitization, of conventional radio­graph, 155-156

Dimethyl sulfate, lung injury from inhalation of, 412

Dionosil, advantages and disadvan­tages of, in bronchography, III

Diphenylhydantoin-induced pulmo­nary injury, 375, 378, 381, 383

Diplococcus pneumoniae infection, lung abscess secondary to, 320

Disease, see also specific sites of disease

lung functioning in, 127-128 systemic, pulmonary manifestations

of, 297-313 DISH, see Hyperostosis, diffuse idio­

pathic skeletal Diuretic-induced pulmonary injury,

375 Drain, intrapericardial, positioning of,

555 Drainage, in chest trauma, 503 Drug-induced pulmonary reactions,

33, 374-385 clinical features of, 376 function abnormalities, 376-382 parenchymal damage, 374-376

DSA, see Angiography, digital sub­traction

DTPA, see Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid

Dyspnea in pulmonary disease, 34 radiotherapy-induced, 480 in sarcoidosis, 204

Echinococcus, hydatid disease of lung from, 290-291

Echocardiography, in chest trauma, 502

Edema, pulmonary, 355-373 adult respiratory distress syndrome

in, 356, 366-368 alveolar, 366 chest roentgenogram in, 358-368 clinical forms of, 356-357 detection and measurement of,

357-358, 367-368 dimethyl sulfate inhalation-induced,

412 drug-induced, 374-376, 381-382 formation and reabsorption of,

355-356 heart and hilar vessel abnormalities

in, 359-364 hydrostatic, 366-367 injury lung, 366-367 intensive care treatment of, 558 interstitial, 363-366 intrapulmonary vessel size in,

361-362 noncardiogenic, 381-382 organophosphate-induced, 416-417 pathophysiology and clinical corre-

lates of, 355-357 peripheral, 265 phosgene inhalation-induced, 410 pleural effusion in, 362-363 vascular pedicle and azygos vein

size in, 360-361 Effusion, s'ee Pleura, effusion of Egophony, in pulmonary disease, 37 Embolectomy, angiographic, 503 Embolism

fat, 351-352 in chest trauma, 506

pulmonary, 342-354 amniotic fluid, 351-352 angiography of, 100-101, 103,

350-351 clinical manifestations of, 344 computed tomography of, 350 digital subtraction angiography

of, 351 fat, 351-352 foreign body, 352-353 hemodynamic pathophysiology

of, 343-344 hot-spot radio nuclide imaging of,

349-350 with and without infarction,

346-349 invasive imaging of, 350-351 lower limb phlebography in, 351 magnetic resonance imaging of,

85-86, 350

571

noninvasive imaging of, 345-350 pathogenesis and pathology of,

342-343 plain chest radiograph of,

345-349 with prior cardiac or pulmonary

disease, 349 radiological imaging of, 344-351 radionuclide scan of, 349-350 respiratory pathophysiology of,

343 septic, 351 treated in intensive care unit, 561 tumor, 351, 469 ventilation-perfusion imaging of,

147-148,349 Embolization

of bronchial arteries, 169 of systemic thoracic arteries,

105-106 of tumor, 351, 469

Emphysema angiography in, 228 blue bloater pattern in, 225,

227-229 with bronchiectasis, 286-288 bronchoalveolography in, 228, 230 bronchography in, 228 bullous, angiography of, 101 centrilobular, 225, 228 clinical presentation of, 226 computed tomography of, 68, 72,

270 conventional radiography in, 226 hereditary factors in, 33 isotope scanning in, 232 lung functioning in, 128 panlobular, 225-226 paracicatricial, 226 paraseptal, 226 pink puffer pattern in, 226-227 selective, 225 types of, 225-226 ventilation-perfusion imaging in,

232 Empyema, lung, 323-328 Endobronchial metastasis, 469-470 Endometriosis, pulmonary, 445 Enhancing effect, of superimposition

on radiograph, 260-261 Entamoeba histolytica infection,

empyema from, 324-325 Enteric cyst, 496 Enterobacteriaceae infection, lung

abscess secondary to, 322 Enterocolitis, 249 Environmental lung disorders

mineral-induced, 386-401 organic (nonmineral)-induced,

402-408 secondary to inhalation of toxic

gases, fumes, and aerosols, 409-420

Enzyme, angiotensin-converting, as serum marker of lung disease, 137

572

Eosinophilic granuloma, 292-293 Eosinophilic lung disease, 308-309 Epithelial cells, recovered in bron-

choalveolar lavage, 135 Epithelial tumor, pulmonary, 441-442 Epitheliosarcoma, 446-447 Escherichia coli infection

in immunocompromised host, 241 lung abscess secondary to, 322

Esophageal mass, 493-495 Esophageal pseudotumor, 543 Esophagus, injury to, in chest trauma,

516 Ethchlorvynol-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 382 Ethosuximide-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Eventration, congenital, 529 Expiratory reserve volume, of lung,

ll8-ll9 Extrapulmonary airways, anatomy

and histology of, 10-15 Extrapulmonary vessels, anatomy of,

22-23

Farmer's lung, 138, 403, 405 Fat embolism, 351-352, 506 Fatty masses, 494-495 Fever, humidifier, 405, 407 Fibrogenesis ossificans progressiva,

310 Fibroma, 444 Fibrosing mediastinitis, 498 Fibrosis

progressive massive (PMF), mineral-induced, 392-395

pulmonary, 128 in asbestosis, 397 bronchoalveolar lavage in, 137 drug-induced, 378-381 idiopathic, 185 interstitial, 291-294, 378-381 in sarcoidosis, 202

Fibrothorax, 541 Finger dubbing, causes of, 35-36, 447 Fistula

angiography of, 100-10 I arteriovenous, pulmonary, 100-10 I,

167-168 pleural, in chest trauma, 509

Flow-volume curve, expiratory, 124 Fluoroscopy, see Chest fluoroscopy Fluphenazine-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Flutter, diaphragmatic, 533-534 Food production alveolitis, 407 Forced expiratory volume, 118 Forced vital capacity (FVC), drug-

induced decrease in, 376 Foreign body embolism, 352-353 Fourier transformation, two-dimen­

sional, in magnetic resonance imaging, 79

Fumes, toxic, see Inhalation lung injuries

Functional residual capacity, of lung, ll8-l20

Fungal infection in immunocompromised host,

245-251 lung abscess secondary to, 322-323

FVC, see Forced vital capacity

Gadolinium-DPTA, in magnetic reso­nance imaging, 88

Gain-setting techniques, of ultrasound examination of thorax, 92, 94

Gallium 67 citrate in perfusion imaging, 146, 148-150 scanning with, in sarcoidosis, 205,

208-209 Gases

blood, 127 toxic, see Inhalation lung injuries

Gas exchange system, anatomy of, 17-21,376

Gastric bubble, on chest radiograph, 47-48

Gating procedures, in magnetic reso­nance imaging, 79

Genetic factors, in predisposition for sarcoidosis, 200-201

Giant lymph node hyperplasia (Castle­man's disease), 478-480

Glands, pulmonary, anatomy of, 22 Glomerulonephritis, alveolar hemor­

rhage with, 306 Goiter, endothoracic, 490-495 Gold salt-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 378, 380 Goodpasture's syndrome, 297, 306

drug-induced, 378, 382 Gram-negative bacterial infection

in immunocompromised host, 241-242

in lung abscess, 322 Gram-positive bacterial infection, in

lung abscess, 320-321 Granular cell tumor, 444 Granuloma

drug-induced, 378 eosinophilic, 292-293 noncaseating, in sarcoidosis, 201

Granulomatosis allergic, 306-307 lymphomatoid, 305-306, 475-476 necrotizing, 165 Wegener's, 297, 305, 475

Griseofulvin-induced pulmonary in­jury, 378

Guillain-Barre syndrome, 339

Haemophilus injluenzae infection, lung abscess secondary to, 322

Haloperidol-induced pulmonary injury, 375, 382

Hamartoma, 445-446, 452, 454 Hand-Schuller-Christian syndrome,

292-293

Index

Heart, see cardiac entries Hemangioma, 444 Hemangiopericytoma, 444 Hematologic disorders, pulmonary

manifestations of, 298-302 Hematoma, pulmonary, in chest

trauma, 505 Hematopoiesis, extramedullary, 498 Hemidiaphragm, accessory, 531, 535 Hemodynamic pathophysiology, of

pulmonary embolism, 343-344 Hemomediastinum, traumatic, 509,

5ll Hemophilia, pulmonary manifesta­

tions of, 298 Hemoptysis

fiberoptic bronchoscopy in, 131 inhalation perfusion imaging of, 149 massive nontraumatic, 559 in pulmonary disease, 34

Hemorrhage alveolar, 306-307 control of, in chest trauma, 502-503 pulmonary, syndromes, 306-307

Hemosiderosis, pulmonary bronchoalveolar lavage in, 136 idiopathic, 307

Hemothorax, in chest trauma, 508-509

Hereditary conditions, pulmonary disease due to, 33

Hernia, of diaphragm, 526-529 Heroin-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 382 Herpes-like virus (HL V), sarcoidosis

and, 201 Herpes simplex infection, in immuno­

compromised host, 249 Herpes zoster-varicella pneumonia, in

immunocompromised host, 249 Hiatal hernia, congenital, 529 Hiccups, 533 Hilar pathology

computed tomography of, 61-63 drug-induced, 378, 382-383 on magnetic resonance imaging,

81-82 in pulmonary edema, 359-360

Histiocytosis X, 292-293, 308-309 Histoplasma capsula tum infection, in

immunocompromised host, 248 HLA, see Human leukocyte antigen HL V, see Herpes-like virus Hodgkin's disease, see also

Lymphoma cryptococcosis in, 246-247 gallium scanning in, 151 herpes zoster-varicella pneumonia

in, 249 intrathoracic presentation of,

472-475 lung disease secondary to, 251 pulmonary manifestations of, 299,

301 Holzknecht-lacobson phenomenon,

423

Index

Honeycomb lung pattern, on radiogra-phy, 228, 286-288, 291-294, 304

Horner's syndrome, 428 Hounsfield unit, 60 Hughes-Stovin syndrome, 166 Human leukocyte antigen (HLA),

sarcoidosis and, 200-201 Humidifier fever, 405, 407 Hydatid disease, of lung, 290-291 Hydralazine-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Hydrochlorothiazide-induced pulmo­

nary injury, 375, 382 Hydrogen sulfide, upper respiratory

damage from inhalation of, 414 Hydrostatic pulmonary edema,

366-367 Hypercalcemia, 297 Hyperinflation, pulmonary, in chronic

bronchitis, 223 Hyperostosis, diffuse idiopathic

skeletal (DISH), 543 Hyperparathyroidism, 297 Hyperplasia, giant lymph node,

478-480 Hypersensitivity, antigenic, testing

for, 120 Hypersensitivity lung disease, drug­

induced, 3Rl-3R2 Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, bron­

choalveolar lavage in, 136 Hypertension, pulmonary, etiologies

of, 164 Hypervascularization, lesions with,

angiography of, 104-105 Hypervitaminosis D, 297 Hypocapnia, 128 Hypogammaglobulinemia, in immuno-

compromised host, 241 Hypoplasia, of pulmonary artery,

angiography of, 100, 102 Hytrast, advantages and disadvan­

tages of, in bronchography, 111

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, 307

ILO, see International Labour Organization

Image processing, of digital radio­graph, 155-156

Imaging, see also Chest image; Mag­netic resonance imaging; Perfu­sion imaging

Immunocompromised host, 240-256, see also Acquired immunodefi­ciency syndrome (AIDS); Im­munosuppression

bacterial infection in, 240-245 fungal infection in, 245-249 noninfectious complications of

primary disease in, 251-252 parasite infestation in, 249 viral infection in, 249

Immunodeficiencies, see also Acquired immunodeficiency syn­drome (AIDS)

bronchiectasis with, 284-285 bronchoalveolar lavage in, 137

Immunological disorders, pulmonary manifestations of, 305-308

Immunosuppression, see also Immunocompromised host

pneumonia as cause of death with, 185-186

tuberculosis with, 188, 197 Infarction, pulmonary, 342-354

embolism with and without, 346-349

Infection, see also Pneumonia; Pul­monary infection; Tuberculosis

in immunocompromised host, 240-250

Inhalation imaging, 144-145 Inhalation lung injuries, 409-420

from hydrogen sulfide, 414 from metal vapors and aerosols,

414-416 from organophosphates, 416-417 from smoke and carbon monoxide,

417 mechanisms of, 409 to parenchyma, from lipid-soluble

agents, 409-412 to upper respiratory tract, from

water-soluble agents, 412-414 Injury lung edema, 366-367 Inspiratory capacity, of lung, 118 Inspiratory reserve volume, of lung,

118-119 Intensive care chest, 551-565 Intercostal artery, in chest trauma,

513 Intercostal vein, superior left, abnor­

malities of, 171 International Labour Organization

(ILO), classification of radio­graphs of pneumoconiosis, 386-388

Interstitial fibrosis, 291-294, 378-381 Interstitial lung disease

bronchoalveolar lavage in, 136-137 bronchoscopy in diagnosis of, 131 ventilation-perfusion imaging in,

148-149 Interstitial lymphocyte pneumonitis,

477-478 Interstitial pattern, on chest radio­

graph, 264-267 Interstitial pneumonitis

drug-induced, 378-381 lymphocytic, 477-478

Interstitial pulmonary edema, 363-366 Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis,

291-294 Intrapulmonary airway, anatomy and

histology of, 10-15 Intrapulmonary vessel, anatomy of,

23-24 Inversion-recovery pulse sequence, in

magnetic resonance imaging, 78-79

573

Iron-induced pulmonary injury, 399 Isoniazid-induced pulmonary injury,

378 Isotope scanning, 141-153

clinical applications of, 147-151 of emphysema, 232 of pulmonary embolic disease and

vascular disorders, 147-148 radiation protection during, 147 technology of, 141-147

IVBAT, see Bronchioalveolar tumor, intravascular

Kaolin-induced pulmonary injury, 399 Kaposi's sarcoma, 252-253, see also

Acquired immunodeficiency syn­drome (AIDS)

Kartagener's syndrome, with bronchi­ectasis, 284-285

Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, 180 empyema from, 324 in immunocompromised host,

241-242, 245 lung abscess secondary to, 322

Krypton, in perfusion imaging, 142, 145

Kveim-Siltzbach test, in sarcoidosis, 205

Laceration, in chest trauma pulmonary, 505 tracheal, 507

Larynx anatomy and histology of, 10-15 in sarcoidosis, 215

Lavage, bronchoalveolar, 134-137 for drug-induced pulmonary paren­

chymal damage, 374 in sarcoidosis, 203, 205, 208

Legionella infection, 175, 180, 182 in immunocompromised host,

242-244 Leiomyoma, 444 Lesion

acquired, angiography of, 100, 101, 104-105, 107-108

cavitating, 291, 302, 428 coin, in lung cancer, 428, 431,

440-441 congenital pulmonary, 276 evaluation of, on computed tomog­

raphy,62 of pulmonary artery, intrinsic, 164

Letterer-Siwe syndrome, 292-293 Leukemia

apergillosis in, 247 in immunocompromised host, 241,

247,251 pulmonary manifestations of, 299,

301,475 Lidocaine-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 382

574

Life support devices, position of, 554-556

Lipid-soluble inhalation agents, paren­chymal damage from, 409-412

Lipiodol, advantages and disadvan-tages of, in bronchography, III

Lipoma, 442, 444 Lipomatosis, mediastinal, 498 Liposarcoma, 494 Liquid and solute exchange, in

normal lung, 355 Lithium carbonate-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Liver disease, pulmonary manifesta­

tions of, 297-298 Lobar collapse, radiological appear­

ance of, 333-340 Lobar pneumonia, 173-177, 180-181,

185 Lomustine (CCNU)-induced pulmo­

nary injury, 375, 379 Louis-Bar syndrome (ataxia-telangi­

ectasia), 310 Lung, see also particular part of

lung; pulmonary entries abnormalities of, finding on radio-

graph, 50-53 anatomy of, 3-29 cheese washers', 407 clearance system of, 24-26 compliance of, 123 computed tomography of, 60-76 connective tissue system of, 21-22 farmer's, 138, 403, 405 functioning of, in disease, 127-128 gas exchange system of, 17-21,376 honeycomb, diagnosis of, 228,

286-288, 291-294, 304 hyperlucent, unilateral, diagnosis

of, 278 imaging of, in cardiac disorders,

150 innervation of, 26-27 liquid and solute exchange in, 355 morphological overview of, 14-15 pigmentation of, 26 structure-function correlation of,

27-28 surfactant system of, 21 vanishing, syndrome, 282, 284 vasculature of, 22-24

Lung abscess, 314-323 aerobic pneumonia with, 320-322 aspiration, 315-320 clinical presentation of, 314-315 fungal, 322-323 secondary, 323

Lung cancer, 421-439, see also Carci-noma; Neoplasia; Tumor

asbestosis-related, 396-398 clinical features of, 422-423 etiology of, 421 heterogeneity of, 422 non-small cell (NSCLC), 421-422,

434-435 pathological diagnosis of, 423

pathological types of, 421-422 prognosis of, 435 radiological diagnosis of, 423-433 small cell (SCLC), 421-422, 426,

435-436, 541 sonogram of, 95 staging of, 434-435 treatment of, 435-436 WHO classification of, 421-422

Lung capacity, total, 118-120 Lung disease, see also Pulmonary

disease bronchoalveolar and serum markers

of, 134-140 bullous, 281-284 cystic, 276-296

acquired, 279, 281-294 congenital lesion, 276-281

diffuse computed tomography in,

267-271 definition and terminology of,

258-259 historical background of, 257-258 magnetic resonance imaging in,

271-272 radiographic interpretation in,

259-263 radiographic patterns in, 263-267 radiology of, 257-275

drug-induced, 252-253 environmental

mineral-induced, 386-401 organic (nonmineral)-induced,

402-408 secondary to inhalation of toxic

gases, fumes, and aerosols, 409-420

eosinophilic, 308-309 from inhalation, 409-420 fungal, 322-323 hydatid, 290-291 hypersensitivity, drug-induced,

381-382 inflammatory, ventilation-perfusion

imaging in, 148-149 interstitial

bronchoalveolar lavage in, 136-137

bronchoscopy in diagnosis of, 131

ventilation-perfusion imaging in, 148-149

Lung empyema, 323-328 Lung fibrosis, 128 Lung function

in coal miners' lung diseases, 392 in silicosis, 389

Lung injury in chest trauma, 504-507 ventilation-perfusion imaging in,

150 Lung markings, increased, in chronic

bronchitis, 223 Lung metastases, distribution and

appearance of, 467-470

Index

Lung parenchyma, see Parenchyma, lung

Lung torsion, in chest trauma, 505 Lung volumes, 118-120 Lupus, see Systemic lupus erythema­

tosus Lymphadenopathy

angioimmunoblastic, 477 pulmonary manifestations of, 299

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, 293-294 Lymphangioma, cystic, 498 Lymphangitic carcinomatosis,

468-469 Lymphatics, anatomy of, 24-25 Lymph node

hyperplasia of, 478-480 intrathoracic, metastasis from

extrathoracic neoplasm, 470-472 in lung cancer, radiological pattern

of, 425-426 in sarcoidosis, 209-211 tracheobronchial, 24

Lymphocyte, in sarcoidosis, 203 Lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis,

477-478 Lymphoma, see also Hodgkin's

disease in immunocompromised host, 241,

251 intrathoracic, pulmonary manifesta­

tions of, 299, 301 malignant, pulmonary parenchymal

involvement in, 472-475 non-Hodgkin's, 473-475, 493 staging of, 472

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis, 305-306, 475-476

Lymph passage, clearance mech­anisms in, 26

Lysozyme, as serum marker of lung disease, 137

Mach's band, on pleura radiograph, 48,50

MacLeod syndrome, 277-279, 289 Macrophage, in sarcoidosis, 202 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

of chest trauma, 502 of chest wall, 544-546, 548 clinical applications of, 80-81,

85-88 comparison with computed tomog-

raphy, 86 of diffuse lung diseases, 271-272 future developments in, 88 of lung abscess, 317, 319-320 of lung cancer, 433, 435 of lymphoma, 475 _ methodology of, 79 of pulmonary embolism, 350 of sarcoidosis, 216 of solitary pulmonary nodule, 463 of thorax, 77-91

technical considerations of, 77-79 of thymic masses, 487

Index

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 79-80

Malt workers' disease, 407 Mammary arteries, internal, in chest

trauma, 512-513 Mammary veins, internal, abnormali­

ties of, 171 Mediastinim, widening of, computed

tomography of, 62 Mediastinitis, fibrosing, 498 Mediastinoscopy, 131 Mediastinum

abnormalities of, magnetic reso­nance imaging of, 82-84

adenopathy of, drug-induced, 378, 382-383

anatomy and division of, 7-10, 484 benign vascular tumors of, 490 bronchogenic and enteric cysts of,

496 on chest radiograph, 53-54 computed tomography of, 60-76 cystic lymphangioma of, 498 cystic masses of, 496-498 endothoracic goiter of, 490-491 esophageal masses of, 493-495 extramedullary hematopoiesis of,

498 fatty masses of, 494 germinal tumors of, 488-490 injury to, in chest trauma, 509-511 lesions of, 484-500

differentiation of, with computed tomography, 62

diffuse, 498 etiology of, 486-498 ultrasound examination of, 95-98

lipomatosis of, 498 liposarcoma of, 494 lymphangioma, cystic, of, 498 magnetic resonance imaging of, 78,

80, 82-84 meningoce1es of, 497-498 metastasis of, magnetic resonance

imaging of, 80 neoplasia of, isotope scanning in,

150-151 neurenteric cysts of, 496 neurogenic tumors of, 492-493 nodes of, normal and metastatic,

492 pancreatic cysts of, 496-497 parathyroid masses of, 491 pathology of, computed tomog-

raphyof, 61-63 pericardial cysts of, 496 plain film appearance of, 484-486 primary carcinoma of, 491-492 solid masses of, 486-494 teratoma of, 488-490 thoracic duct cyst of, 496 thymic cyst of, 496 thymic masses of, 486-488 veins of, in sarcoidosis, 215-216 vessels of, abnormalities of,

163-172

widening of, magnetic resonance imaging of, 83-84

Mediterranean fever, familial, 33 Melanoma, malignant, of bronchus,

446 Melphalan-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 379-380 Meningocele, 497-498 Mephenytoin-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Mercaptopurine-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 380 Mesothelioma

malignant, 542 pleural

from asbestosis, 396-398 malignant, computed tomography

of, 69 Metabolic disease, pulmonary mani­

festations of, 297-298 Metal-induced pulmonary injury,

398-399 Metal vapor-induced pulmonary in­

jury, 414-416 Metastasis, see also Pulmonary

metastasis assessment of, by computed tomog­

raphy,62 calcification of, pulmonary manifes-

tations of, 297-298 of colon, 469 endobronchial, 469-470 mediastinal, magnetic resonance

imaging of, 80 pleural

on radiograph, 42, 470 sonogram of, 96

Methadone-induced pulmonary injury, 375, 382

Methotrexate-induced pulmonary injury, 253, 375, 377-378, 380-382

Methyl-CCNU, see Semustine Methyldopa-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Methysergide-induced pulmonary

injury, 378, 380-381 Middle lobe syndrome, 285-286 Miliary tuberculosis, 192 Milk-alkali syndrome, 297 Mineral pneumoconiosis, see

Pneumoconiosis, mineral Mitomycin-induced pulmonary injury,

378-379, 381 Modification effect, of superimposi-

tion on radiograph, 260-261 Morgagni hernia, 528 Morphology, of lung, 3-10 MRI, see Magnetic resonance imaging Mucoid impaction, 284-290 Mucoviscidosis, 278-280 Mucus plug, as pseudotumor, 46 Munchmeyer's disease, see Myositic

ossificans progressiva Muscular dystrophy, on chest radio­

graph, 46

575

Myasthenia gravis, computed tomog­raphy in, 488-489

Mycobacteria, non tuberculous , 196-197

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 184 Myeloma, multiple, 297 Myoblastoma, 444 Myocardium

in chest trauma, contusion and rupture of, 515-516

infarction of, 561 rupture of, in chest trauma, 515 in saracoidosis, 215

Myositic ossificans progressiva, 310

Naloxone-induced pulmonary injury, 382

Necrotizing granulomatosis, 165, see also Von Recklinghausen's neu­rofibromatosis

Neocarzinostatin-induced pulmonary injury, 375

Neoplasia, pulmonary, isotope scan­ning in, 150-151

Nerve gas-induced pulmonary edema, 416-417

Nervous tissue tumor, 444-445 Neurenteric cyst, 496 Neurinoma, computed tomography of,

70 Neurofibromatosis, von Reck­

linghausen's, 293, 308-310 Neurogenic tumor, 492-493 Neurone-specific enolase, as serum

marker of lung disease, 137-138 Nickel carbonyl, upper respiratory

injury from inhalation of, 414-415 Nitrofurantoin-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 378, 380-381 Nitrogen dioxide, lung injury from

inhalation of, 410, 412 Nitrosoureas-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Nocardia asteroides infection, in

immunocompromised host, 245 Nodule

phantom, 460-461 solitary pulmonary, 450-466

background statistics on, 450-451 clinical aspects of, 451-457 computed tomography in diagno-

sis of, 64, 66, 450-451, 457-462 conventional radiography of,

451-457 digital projection radiography of,

462 magnetic resonance imaging of,

463 transthoracic needle aspiration

biopsy of, 463 Nodules, multiple pulmonary, com­

puted tomography in diagnosis of, 66-67

576

Obstruction, see also site of obstruc­tion

Obstructive bronchitis, chronic, lung functioning in, 128

Obstructive syndrome, disease with, lung functioning during, 127-128

Oligemia, in emphysema, 226 Opiate-induced pulmonary injury, 375 Oral contraceptive-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Organophosphate-induced pulmonary

edema, 416-417 Ornithosis, 403 Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, see

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome Oxyphenbutazone-induced pulmonary

injury, 382

Pain, see also Chest pain Pancoast syndrome, 428 Pancreatic cyst, 496-497 Papilloma, 441 Paragonimiasis, 291 Parasite, infestation with, in immuno­

compromised host, 249-250 Parathyroid masses, 491 Parenchyma, lung

on chest radiograph, 52-53 damage to

drug-induced, 374-376 from lipid-soluble inhalation

agents, 409-412 disease of, associated with lung

cancer, radiological patterns of, 426,429

disorders of, 556-559 on computed tomography, 67-70,

269-271 gas exchange, 17-21 in malignant lymphoma, 472-475 in sarcoidosis, 211-213

Partial volume effect, 60 Patent ductus arteriosus, angiography

of, 106 PEEP, see Positive end-expiratory

pressure Penicillamine-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 380, 382 Penicillin-induced pulmonary injury,

378, 381 Percussion technique, in pulmonary

disease diagnosis, 37 Perfusion imaging, 141-144, see also

Ventilation imaging diagnostic reference criteria in

evaluation of, 148 in emphysema, 232

Pericardium cyst of, 496 injury to, in chest trauma, 516 lymphoma of, 301 masses of, 497 radiation-induced changes in,

481-482 in sarcoidosis, 215

Peridiaphragmatic regions, computed tomography of, 534-535

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia, 528-529

Phakomatosis, 308-310 Phantom, nodule, 460-461 Phenothiazine-induced pulmonary

injury, 382 Phenylbutazone-induced pulmonary

injury, 378, 382 Phlebography, of lower limb, in pul­

monary embolism, 351 Phosgene (carbonyl chloride), paren­

chymal damage from inhalation of, 409-411

Phycomycosis, in immunocom­promised host, 246

Physical examination, in pulmonary disease, 33-38

Physical measurements, with radio­graphic equipment, 157

Picker Digital Radiography System, 154

Pink puffer pattern, in emphysema, 226-227

Pituitary snuff-induced pulmonary injury, 381

Plasma cell dyscrasia, pulmonary manifestations of, 301-302

Plasmacytoma, 477-478 Plethysmograph, body, 119, 123-124 Pleura

abnormalities of, 387-388, 538-542 anatomy of, 4-5 on chest radiograph, 48, 50 diseases of, 542, 560-561 disorders of

computed tomography of, 67-70 magnetic resonance imaging of,

84-88 effusion of, 538-541

in bronchial carcinoma, radiologi­cal pattern of, 426-427

drug-induced, 378, 383 in pulmonary edema, 362-363

fistula of, in chest trauma, 509 ILO classification of, 387-388 injury to, in chest trauma, 508-509 lymphoma of, 301 malignancy of, 542 malignant mesothelioma of, on

computed tomography, 69 mesothelioma of, from asbestosis,

396-397 metastasis of, on radiograph, 42,

470 pathology of, benign solid, 541-542 in sarcoidosis, 213, 215 thickening of, in asbestosis,

395-397 Pleural rib, 37 Pleural space abnormalities, ultra­

sound examination of, 95-96 Pleurisy

fibrosing, in asbestosis, 395-397 tuberculous, 190

Pleuritis radiation-induced, 481 shrinking, with atelectasis,

333-334 Pleuropericardial cyst, 277

Index

PMF, see Fibrosis, progressive mas­sive

PMN, see Polymorphonuclear neutro-phil

Pneumatocele, posttraumatic, 505 Pneumoblastoma, 446 Pneumoconiosis, mineral, 386-401,

see also Environmental lung disorders

background of, 388, 391-392, 395 clinical features of, 389, 392, 396 diagnosis and management of, 391,

394-395, 397-398 ILO classification of radiographs of,

386-388 pathology of, 389, 392, 395-396 prevention of, 391, 395, 398 radiology of, 389-394, 396-397

Pneumocystis carinii infestation, in immunocompromised host, 240-241,249-250

Pneumomediastinum, 561 Pneumonia, 173-187, see also Bron­

chopneumonia aerobic, lung abscess secondary to,

320-321 bacterial, 180-185 bronchiolitis obliterans organizing,

289 bronchogram of, 113 causes of, 180-185 clinical and radiological aspects of,

173-180 common acute, 175 computed tomography of, 72 cytomegalovirus, 249 in immunocompromised host,

185-186, 244-245, 249 infectious syndrome of, 173 lobar, 173-177, 180-181, 185 radiography of, 52, 556-558 rickettsial, 184 severe acute, 175 silhouette sign in, 48-49 sonogram of, 95 viral, 178, 185

Pneumonitis hypersensitivity, bronchoalveolar

lavage in, 136 interstitial

drug-induced, 378-381 lymphocytic, 477-478

radiation, 480-481 Pneumothorax, 538-539

in chest trauma, 508, 560-561 Pneumoconiosis, organic, 403,

405-407 Pneumomediastinum, traumatic,

509-510 Polychondritis, relapsing,

232-233

Index

Polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), cytotoxic drug-induced activation of, 374, 379

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), 551, 559

Positron imaging, to detect pulmonary emboli, 146

Postoperative abnormalities, 563 Prazosin-induced pulmonary injury,

378 Preciptins, as tumor markers, 138 Procainamide-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Procarbazine-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 381 Prophyithiouracil-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Propoxyphene-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 382 Pseudolymphoma, 446, 477 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection,

lung abscess secondary to, 322 Pseudotumor, 445-446, 543 Psittacosis, 403 Pulmonary angiitis, 305-306 Pulmonary arteries, 22-23

acquired abnormalities of, 163-166 aneurysm of, 163 enlargement of, 163-164 extrinsic compression of, 164 hypoplasia of, angiography of, 100,

102 intrinsic lesions of, 164 obstruction of, 164 in sarcoidosis, 215 stenosis of, 100, 102, 164 street trauma to, 513

Pulmonary arteriography, 99-103 Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula,

167-168 digital subtraction angiography of,

100-101 Pulmonary blood circulation, 16 Pulmonary clearance system,

anatomy of, 24-25 Pulmonary collapse, 332-341, see

also Atelectasis Pulmonary connective tissue system,

anatomy of, 18 Pulmonary density, see Density, pul­

monary Pulmonary diffusing capacity, for

carbon monoxide, 125-127 Pulmonary disease, see also Lung

disease chest pain in, 34-35 chronic obstructive (COPD),

221-239 diagnosis of, 33 ventilation-perfusion imaging in,

148-149 clinical history and physical exami­

nation in, 33-38 cough and sputum production in,

33-34 cyanosis in, 35

diagnostic techniques in, 36-37 dyspnea in, 34 extrapulmomary signs in, 38 hemoptysis in, 34 physical signs in, 36, 38 radiological correlates of physical

signs in, 38 reliability of physical signs in, 38 restrictive

lung functioning in, 128 ventilation-perfusion imaging in,

148 systemic symptoms in, 35 wheezing in, 34

Pulmonary edema, see Edema, pul­monary

Pulmonary embolism, see Embolism, pulmonary

Pulmonary emphysema, see Emphy­sema

Pulmonary fibrosis, 128 bronchoalveolar lavage in, 137 idiopathic, 185 interstitial, 291-294

Pulmonary function abnormalities, drug-induced, 376-382

Pulmonary function tests, 118-129 in sarcoidosis, 208-209

Pulmonary glands, anatomy of, 22 Pulmonary hemorrhage syndromes,

306-307 Pulmonary hemosiderosis, bronchoal­

veolar lavage in, 136 Pulmonary hili, on chest radiograph,

51-52 Pulmonary hyperinflation, in chronic

bronchitis, 223 Pulmonary hypertension, etiologies

of, 164 Pulmonary infarction, 342-354 Pulmonary infection, in immunocom­

promised host, 197, see also Acquired immunodeficiency syn­drome (AIDS)

Pulmonary innervation, 26-27 Pulmonary lesion, ultrasound exami­

nation of, 94-95 Pulmonary manifestations of systemic

disease, 297-313 Pulmonary metastasis, 467-483

distribution and appearance of, 467-470

patterns of spread to chest, 467-472 radiotherapy effect on, 480-482 therapeutic approach to, 470

Pulmonary morphology, 3-22 Pulmonary neoplasia, isotope scan­

ning in, 150-151 Pulmonary nodule(s), see Nodule(s) Pulmonary reactions, drug-induced,

374-385 Pulmonary sarcoidosis, see also Sar­

coidosis bronchoalveolar lavage in, 136

Pulmonary sequestration, arteriogra­phyof, 103-104

577

Pulmonary thrombosis, 342-354 Pulmonary tuberculosis, see Tubercu­

losis Pulmonary tumor, see Tumor, pulmo­

nary Pulmonary vasculature, see also

Arteriovenous malformation abnormalities of, 163-172 anatomy of, 22-24 anomalies in, computed tomog­

raphy to evaluate, 63-64 on chest radiograph, 51 disorders of, ventilation-perfusion

imaging in, 147-148 distortion and pruning of, in em-

physema, 231 Pulmonary veins, 166-168 Pulmonary ventilation, 121-122 Pus, in pleural cavity, see Empyema

Q fever, 184 Quinidine-induced pulmonary injury,

378

Radiation protection, in isotope scan­ning, 147

Radiograph, see also Chest radio­gr~ph

of coal miners' lung diseases, 393-394

conventional, digitization of, 155-156

of pneumoconiosis, ILO classifica­tion of, 386-388

of silicosis, 389-391 Radiographic equipment, 157 Radiography, see also Chest radiogra­

phy digital projection, to detect pulmo­

nary nodules, 462 Radiological diagnostic workup of

intensive care chest patient, 551-565

Radiology, interventive, in chest trauma, 502-503

Radionuclide imaging in chest trauma, 502 radiopharmaceuticals for, 142

Radionuclide scanning, see also Perfusion imaging

of pulmonary embolism, 349-350 Radiotherapy, effect on chest,

480-483 Receiver operator characteristic

(ROC), analysis, 157 Relaxation time, in magnetic reso­

nance imaging, 77 Renal disease, pulmonary manifesta­

tions of, 297-298 Renal transplantation, noninfectious

complications of, 252 Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome, 100,

168, 310-312

578

Repetition time, in magnetic reso­nance imaging, 77

Residual volume, of lung, 118 Respiratory distress, in newborn,

from hernia, 526-527 Respiratory distress syndrome, adult

(ARDS) in chest trauma, 506-507 in pulmonary edema, 356, 366-368 radiographic manifestations of, 559

Respiratory pathophysiology of pul­monary embolism, 343

Respiratory tract, see also Lung upper, damage to, from inhalation

of water-soluble agents, 412-414 Restrictive syndrome, diseases with

lung functioning in, 128 perfusion imaging of, 148

Rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary manifestations of, 302-303

Rib injury to, in chest trauma, 503 pleural, 37

Rib cage, radiation-induced changes in, 482

Ritodrine-induced pulmonary injury, 382

ROC, see Receiver operator charac­teristic

Roentgenography, diagnostic, in chest trauma, 501

Sarcoidosis, 200-220 cardiac involvement in, 215 clinical aspects of, 203-206 computed tomography in, 67-68,

216 course and prognosis of, 204 diagnosis of, 205 epidemiology of, 200-201 etiology of, 201 genetic factors in, 200-201 immunology and pathogenesis of,

203-206 lymph node involvement in,

209-211 magnetic resonance imaging in, 216 metastatic calcification in, 297 parenchymal involvement in,

211-213 pathology of, 201-202 pleural involvement in, 213, 215 pulmonary, bronchoalveolar lavage

in, 136 radiographic staging of, 206-209 radiology in, 206-216 symptomatology of, 204 treatment of, 205-206 upper airway involvement in, 215 vascular involvement in, 215-216 ventilation-perfusion imaging in,

149 Sarcoma, bronchopulmonary,

primary, 447

Saturation-recovery pulse sequence, in magnetic resonance imaging, 78-79

Scanning, isotope, see Isotope scan­ning

Scanning detector systems, for chest imaging, 154-155

Scimitar syndrome angiography of, 104 perfusion imaging of, 148

Scleroderma, pulmonary manifesta­tions of, 303-305

Sedative-induced pulmonary injury, 375

Semustine (methyl-CCNU)-induced pulmonary injury, 375, 379

Septic embolism, 351 Sequestration cyst, 276-277 Serum markers of lung disease,

137-138 Shock state, obstructive, 561 Shoulder girdle, chronic painful syn­

dromes of, 544 Shunting, 127 Sickle cell disease, pulmonary mani-

festations of, 298-301 Silhouette sign, in pneumonia, 48-49 Silicosis, 388-391 Silo fillers' disease, 412 Skeletal injury, in chest trauma,

503-505 SLE, see Systemic lupus erythemato­

sus Smoke inhalation injury, 417-418 Soft tissues

extrapleural and extrathoracic, on chest radiograph, 46-47

pulmonary, tumors of, 442, 444-445 Solute and liquid exchange, in normal

lung, 355 Sonogram, see Ultrasound SPECT, see Computed tomography,

single-photon emission Spectroscopy, magnetic resonance,

79-80 Spine

disorders of, 547-548 thoracic, injury to, in chest trauma,

504-505 Spin-echo pulse sequence, in mag­

netic resonance imaging, 78-79 Sputum production, in pulmonary

disease, 33-34 Squamous cell carcinoma, 427,429,

431 Staging

of lung cancer, 434-435 of lymphoma, 472

Stannosis, 399 Staphylococcus aureus infection,

183-184 empyema from, 324 in immunocompromised host,

242-243 lung abscess secondary to, 321-322

Index

Stenosis, of pulmonary artery, 100, 102, 164

Stereoscopy, in comparison with single chest radiograph, 40

Sternum disorders of, 544-545 injury of, in chest trauma, 503-504

Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, 175-177, 180-181

in immunocompromised host, 242, 244-245

Streptococcus pyogenes infection, lung abscess secondary to, 320

Strongyloides stercoralis infestation, in immunocompromised host, 249

Subdiaphragmatic abnormalities, 562-563

Suberosis, 407 Subtractive effect, of superimposition

on radiograph, 261-262 Sulcus, superior, tumor, 428, 430 Sulfasalazine-induced pulmonary

injury, 375, 378, 381-382 Sulfonamide-induced pulmonary

injury, 378, 381 Sulfur dioxide, upper respiratory

damage from inhalation of, 413-414

Superimposition, on radiograph, 260 Superior vena cava, see Vena cava,

superior Surfactant system, anatomy of, 21 SVC, see Cavography, superior; Vena

cava, superior Swan-Ganz catheter, for patients with

unstable hemodynamics, 555 Sweating, in pulmonary disease, 35 Swyer-James syndrome, see

MacLeod syndrome Sympathomimetic-induced pulmonary

injury, 382 Systemic disease, pulmonary manifes­

tations of, 297-313 Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),

drug-induced, 305, 378

Takayasu's disease, 148, 165 Talc-induced pulmonary injury, 399 Tantalum, advantages and disadvan-

tages of, in bronchography, 111 TBNA, see Transbronchial needle

aspiration Telangiectasia

ataxia-, 310 familial hemorrhagic, 168, see also

Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome Teratoma, 445

computed tomography of, 62 malignant, 489-490 of mediastinum, 488-490

Terbutaline-induced pulmonary injury, 382

Thoracic aneurysm angiography of, 107

Index

Thoracic aneurysm (contd.) computed tomography in evaluation

of,63 Thoracic aorta, dissection of, 562 Thoracic aortography, 106-107 Thoracic arteries, embolization of,

105-106 Thoracic cavity, anatomy of, 4-7 Thoracic duct

cyst in, 496 injury to, in chest trauma, 516 in sarcoidosis, 216

Thoracic injury, diagnosis of, pitfalls in, 518-519

Thoracic outlet syndrome, 544 Thoracic skeleton, on chest radio­

graph,46 Thoracic spine, malignant primary

tumor of, 549 Thoracoscopy, 131-132 Thorax

computed tomography of, 60-76 magnetic resonance imaging of,

77-91 ultrasound examination of, 92-98

Thromboembolism, as cause of pulmonary hypertension, 164

Thrombosis, pulmonary, 342-354 Thymic hyperplasia and hypertrophy,

487 Thymolipoma, 488 Thymoma, 487 Thymus, cysts and masses of,

486-488, 496 Thymus gland, computed tomography

of,62-63 Thyroid lesion, computed tomography

of,62 Tidal volume, of lung, 118-119 Time to echo, in magnetic resonance

imaging, 77-78 Tin, pulmonary injury from, 399 Tissues, see Soft tissues TNM staging system, for lung cancer,

434-435 Tocainide-induced pulmonary injury,

375, 380 Tomography, see also Computed

tomography conventional

of chest, 40, 42 tumor localization by, 45

Toxic gas inhalation, see Inhalation lung injuries

Toxoplasma gondii infestation, in immunocompromised host, 249

Trachea anatomy and histology of, 12-14 laceration of, in chest trauma, 507 positioning of tube in, 554 in sarcoidosis, 215

Tracheobronchial tree damage to, from inhalation of

water-soluble agents, 412-414 on radiograph, 50-51

Tracheobronchomalacia, 237 Tracheobronchomegaly, 234-237 Tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica,

234-235 Tramline shadow, 51 Tranquilizer-induced pulmonary

injury, 375 Transbronchial needle aspiration

(TBNA), 130 Transitory system, anatomy of,

16-17 Transplantation, bone marrow and

renal, noninfectious complica­tions of, 252

Transthoracic needle aspiration, 132, 463

Trauma to chest, see Chest trauma to diaphragm, 530

Trauma room, logistics of, 518-519 Trimethadione-induced pulmonary

injury, 378 Tuberculoma, 192 Tuberculosis

bronchiectasis with, 285-286 extrapulmonary, 192 pulmonary, 188-199

diagnosis of, 39 epidemiology of, 188 ethnic group prevalence of, 33,

188 miliary, 192 postprimary, 192-196 primary, 188-192 progressive primary, 192

ventilation-perfusion imaging in, 149

Tuberculous pleurisy, 190 Tuberous sclerosis, 293-294, 310 Tumor

of chest wall, 547 diaphragmatic, 530-531 malignant primary, of thoracic

spine, 549 primary, second, 475 pulmonary

benign, 440-446 benign vascular, 490 carcinoid, 442-443 centrally located, radiological

pattern of, 425-428 epithelial, 441-442 on magnetic resonance imaging,

81 malignant, 70, 446-447 neurogenic, 492-493 peripheral, radiological pattern

of, 428, 430-433, 440-441 proximal, 440 rare, 440-449 soft tissue, 442, 444-445 superior sulcus, 428, 430

Tumor embolism, 351, 469 Tumor localization

by computed tomography, 62

by conventional tomography, 45 Tumor markers, 137

Ultrasound in chest trauma, 502 equipment for, 92 for examination of thorax, 92-98 real-time, gray-scale, of thorax,

551, 554 technical aspects of, 92-94

Vanishing lung syndrome, 282, 284 Varicose bronchiectasis, 286

579

Vascular anomalies, computed tomog­raphy of, 63-64

Vascular involvement, in sarcoidosis, 215

Vascular pedicle, size of, in pulmo­nary edema, 360-361

Vascular tumor, benign, of medias­tinum, 490

Vasculature, see Pulmonary vascula­ture

Vasculitis disorders associated with, 165-166 systemic, alveolar hemorrhage

with,307 Vasopressin-induced pulmonary in­

jury, 381 Veins

azygos abnormalities of, 170-171 size of, in pulmonary edema,

360-361 mammary, internal, abnormalities

of, 171 mediastinal, in sarcoidosis, 215-216 pulmonary, 166-168

injury to, in chest trauma, 514-515

superior left intercostal, abnor­malities of, 171

Vena cava, superior (SVC), disorders of, 108, 170-171

Venoocclusive disease, 168 Ventilation, pulmonary, 121-122 Ventilation imaging, 144-146,

148-149, 232, 349 Ventilation-perfusion inequality, 127 Vinblastine-induced pulmonary injury,

375 Vinca alkaloid-induced pulmonary

injury, 380 Vindesine-induced pulmonary injury,

375 Viral infection, in immunocom-

promised host, 249 Viral pneumonia, 178, 185 VM-26-induced pulmonary injury, 375 Von Recklinghausen' s neurofibroma-

tosis, 293, 308-310

580

Water-soluble inhalation agents, upper respiratory tract damage from, 412-414

Wegener's granulomatosis, 297, 305, 475, see also Necrotizing granu-

lomatosis Wheezing, in pulmonary disease, 34 World Health Organization (WHO)

classification of lung cancer, 421-422

Index

Xenon, in perfusion imaging, 142, 145

Zinc chloride, upper respiratory injury from inhalation of, 414