in-situ solidification treatability study work plan

In-Situ Solidification Treatability Study Work Plan

Gowanus Canal Brooklyn, New York

Submitted to: Submitted by: National Grid GEI Consultants, Inc. 287 Maspeth Avenue 455 Winding Brook Drive Brooklyn, NY 11201 Glastonbury, CT 06033 781-963-5412 860-368-5300 April 24, 2012 Project 093010-5-1507

Timothy J. Olean

Vice President

Geotechnical Environmental and

Water Resources Engineering

I N - S I T U S O L I D I F I C A T I O N T R E A T A B I L I T Y S T U D Y W O R K P L A N N A T I O N A L G R I D G O W A N U S C A N A L A P R I L 2 0 1 2

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Table of Contents

Acronyms and Abbreviations iii

1. Introduction 1 1.1 Project Description 1 1.2 Treatment Technology Description 3 1.3 Test Objectives and Remedial Objectives 4 1.4 Organization of this Document 5

2. ISS Design Study Requirements and Evaluation Criteria 6 2.1 Selection of Evaluation Criteria 6

2.1.1 Physical Properties 6 2.1.2 Leachability Properties 7 2.1.3 Free Liquid Testing 7

2.2 Identification of Sediment Types and Sample Location Rationale 7 2.3 Admixture Materials 8 2.4 Design Mixes 8

3. Treatability Study Procedures 9 3.1 Sample Location, Collection Methods, and Equipment 9 3.2 Experimental Procedures 9

3.2.1 Untreated Material Characterization – Phase I 10 3.2.2 Preliminary Solidification Testing – Phase II 11 3.2.3 Optimization Testing - Phase III Optional 12

3.3 Data Management 13 3.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 13 3.5 Health and Safety 13 3.6 Residuals Management 14 3.7 Community Relations 14 3.8 Reporting 14 3.9 Schedule 14 3.10 Management and Staffing 14

4. Limitations 15

5. References 16


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Table of Contents (cont.)

Tables

1 Summary of Potential In-Situ Solidification Evaluation Criteria 2 Analytical Testing Program 3 Test Mix Design

Figure

1 Coring Locations with Proposed ISS Locations 2 Proposed and Representative Coring Locations

Appendices

A Vibracore Logs B Schedule C Project Team Resumes

MZ/jp H:\WPROC\Project\NationalGrid\Gowanus - Confidential\WORK PLANS\2012-04-24 In-Situ Solidification Treatability\ISS Treatability Study Work Plan 042412.docx


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Acronyms and Abbreviations

ANSI/ANS American National Standards Institute/American Nuclear Society ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials BFS blast furnace slag BTEX Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, Xylene CDSM Cement Deep Soil Mixing CSO Combined Sewer Overflow GEI GEI Consultants, Inc. HASP Health and Safety Plan ISS In-Situ Solidification MGP Manufactured Gas Plant NAPL Non-aqueous Phase Liquid PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls PID Photoionization Detector QA Quality Assurance QAPP Quality Assurance Project Plan QC Quality Control RTA Remediation Target Area SPLP Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure SVOC Semivolatile Organic Compound TCLP Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure UCS Unconfined Compressive Strength USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency VOC Volatile Organic Compounds MEASUREMENTS °C degrees Celsius psi pounds per square inch


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1. Introduction

The Gowanus Canal sediments contain or have been impacted by non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) that are a complex hydrocarbon mixture including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The NAPL contains both petrogenic and pyrogenic hydrocarbons, as well as other types of chemicals. The oil refineries, petrochemical plants, MGP facilities, fertilizer and glue factories, coal yards, and other industrial and urban discharges along the Canal are all potential sources of NAPL. These industrial land uses and discharges have likely contributed petroleum, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, PCBs and/or other chemicals to the sediments. Many of these compounds are the same as or difficult to distinguish from compounds also associated with former MGP operations. In support of the development of a remedial design focused on an effective, sustainable remedy, with overall containment for all sources of contaminants present in the Gowanus Canal, a number of investigative efforts are planned under the general categories as follows: Cap stability and components. In-situ solidification. Upland loading (hydraulic and chemical). Hydrodynamic modeling.

The following work plan addresses a focused treatability study of the Gowanus Canal related to in-situ solidification. 1.1 Project Description

The Gowanus Canal Superfund Site is located in Brooklyn, Kings County, New York. The Gowanus Canal is a 1.8-mile long, brackish man-made canal built in the 1860s by bulk heading and dredging a tidal creek and surrounding low land marshes. Connected to Gowanus Bay in Upper New York Bay, the Canal is situated in a dense urban area of mixed commercial, industrial, municipal, and residential land use. The historic land uses adjacent to the canal include oil and petroleum storage, asphalt and coal tar companies, manufacturing, chemical/fertilizer/plastics manufacturing and coal yards. The Gowanus Canal has also served for the conveyance of sewage and industrial wastes as part of the development and industrialization of the area. The canal also serves as the discharge point for combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges, permitted industrial discharges and un-permitted discharges.


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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has organized the Site into four Remedial Target Areas (RTAs), as depicted in Fig. 1.

Remediation Target Area 1 - Upper canal, from Head of Canal to 3rd Street: NAPL in native sediments, some evidence of NAPL in soft sediment.

Remediation Target Area 2 - Middle Canal, between 3rd and Creamer Streets: NAPL in both native and soft sediments.

Remediation Target Area 3a - Lower Canal, Creamer Street to Sigourney Street: NAPL impacts in native and soft sediment are limited.

Remediation Target Area 3b - Lower canal, Sigourney Street to Redhook Channel: infrequent NAPL in soft sediment, some NAPL in native sediment.

Information associated with site characterization showing NAPL-saturated or stained soil can be obtained in the Draft Feasibility Study Gowanus Canal, prepared for the USEPA by CH2MHILL dated December 2011. A number of remedial alternatives are presented in the Feasibility Study; Retained Alternative 7 is the focus of this work plan. Alternative 7 involves dredging the entire soft sediment column, solidifying the top 3 to 5 feet of the native sediment in targeted areas, and capping with a treatment layer, sand-and-gravel isolation layer, and armor layer. While the Feasibility Study contemplates In-Situ Solidification (ISS) only in the native sediment, this study will also evaluate the potential to successfully solidify some of the more consolidated soft sediment present above the native sediment surface.

ISS has been chosen as a potential technology to address NAPL in the Gowanus Canal based on the following considerations: NAPL saturation heterogeneities would be homogenized. Higher–permeability

sediments can have higher NAPL saturations, which result in preferential migration pathways, and these preferential pathways would be eliminated after solidification.

NAPL saturations potentially can be lowered to residual levels by ISS and distributing the NAPL throughout the solidified matrix, preventing further NAPL migration.

Hydraulic conductivity of the ISS-treated sediments would be greatly reduced, resulting in reduced upward groundwater velocities that can cause NAPL migration (ITRC, 2009).

ISS has been successful as a source control on numerous sites with NAPL impacts ISS has been successfully pilot tested on soft sediments using auger mixing from a

barge (Maher, 2005).

An ISS treatability study is part of the planned pre-design activities necessary for implementing the ISS portion of the remedial action for RTAs 1 and 2, and potentially RTA 3, if soft sediments can be successfully treated. The treatability study is being performed to identify appropriate additives to achieve acceptable permeability and


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compressive strength criteria. A full scale pilot study will likely be required to further refine the ISS mix design and the equipment and methods required to successfully solidify sediments below the water column.

1.2 Treatment Technology Description

ISS is a technology based on the use of augers to mix a slurry of pozzolanic additives into soils or sediments to solidify them in situ. As the augers are advanced into the soil or sediments, reagent is injected resulting in a mixed subsurface column. ISS results in a stabilized mass with greater strength, lower permeability, and reduced contaminant mobility.

The terms solidification and stabilization are often used interchangeably when discussing ISS. While stabilization has long been shown to be successful in the treatment of metals, it is solidification that is the primary process by which VOCs and PAHs are controlled. Solidification and stabilization are fundamentally different and can be defined as follows:

Solidification–A physical process where constituents of interest are isolated from the environment and performance is evaluated on the basis of changes in physical properties of the soil matrix.

Stabilization–A chemical process where constituents of interest react with stabilizing agents where performance is evaluated on the basis of reductions in constituents of interest and their ability to leach to groundwater.

In summary, stabilization is a chemical process aimed at changing or reducing constituents of interest or their ability to leach from the treated material, while solidification is a physical process that permanently immobilizes or isolates constituents of interest in the treated material. For ISS of sediments, while some reduction in the leaching potential of typical VOC and PAH contaminants may be realized, the focus of the technology is more appropriately on its ability to solidify impacted sediments so they are permanently isolated and cannot impact surface water or groundwater. This Study will focus on the mechanism of solidification. ISS of aquatic sediments is in the early stage of development. It is assumed that the in-situ delivery of solidification reagents to the native sediment would be performed from a barge using large augers to a depth of approximately 5 feet below the native sediment surface and that the delivery would be performed without dewatering the canal. Applying ISS to NAPL-impacted soils or sediment will disperse the soil pore NAPL phase due to the blending of soil, water, NAPL, and the ISS reagent in to a uniform low permeability solid-phase consistency. The contaminants would be homogenized and the solidified mass would have lower average contaminant concentrations. Elimination of NAPL saturated zones would also reduce the driving force for contaminant solubilization into groundwater that would then discharge to the canal (EPRI, 2009).


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A demonstration project was performed on soft silty sediments in the Passaic River, New Jersey, using Cement Deep Soil Mixing (CDSM) technology (Maher et al, 2005). In this project the sediments were not highly contaminated and they did not contain NAPL. Sediments were mixed with varying percentages of cement and engineering properties were evaluated in situ. In addition, laboratory tests were performed to evaluate contaminant mobility. Test results indicated that the shear strength of the stabilized sediments was significantly increased, and the moisture content was decreased by 40%. The laboratory studies showed that ISS resulted in the immobilization of PAHs, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and dioxins.

1.3 Test Objectives and Remedial Objectives

The objective of the ISS treatability study is to identify the solidification additives and their relative proportions to best halt the upward migration of NAPL through the native sediment/ soft sediment interface. The phased treatability procedure is used for identification of effective and feasible solidification mixtures, cost, and performance data required for remedy implementation are summarized below. A field pilot study will be required to further develop the technology for the Gowanus Canal Site.

In-situ solidification is anticipated to address a large volume of sediment that contains NAPL. Solidification of these sediments is designed to halt the upward migration of NAPL through the native sediment/soft sediment interface and to reduce contaminant solubilization into groundwater and migration up and into the Canal. Ultimately, in-situ solidification will meet the following NAPL mitigation objectives:

Prevent direct human or ecological contact with NAPL-contaminated sediments. Prevent the migration of NAPL into the canal after the remedial action is completed. Prevent NAPL from serving as a source of contaminants to groundwater discharging

to the canal. An alternative objective of ISS on the Gowanus Canal is to successfully solidify soft sediments in place to create a stable substrate for a final isolation or active cap design.

The bench-scale treatability study described in this document will be performed on sediment samples that contain residual NAPL representative of the most heavily impacted areas of the Canal. The samples will be treated with various combinations of solidification additives (admixtures). Effective and feasible solidification mix designs will be identified based on a set of criteria and methodologies discussed in subsequent sections. If this technology is part of the Selected Remedy, future work plans will describe on-site pilot study testing to evaluate appropriate mixing protocols and verify the suitability of formulations identified in bench studies.


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1.4 Organization of this Document

This document details the planned activities for the ISS treatability study for the Site. The document is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the ISS bench study design and requirements including:

o Selection of sample locations o Admixture material o Design mixes

Section 3 describes the treatability study procedures. Section 4 describes the limitations of this document. Section 5 lists the cited references. Appendix A contains vibracore logs from the proposed sample areas.


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2. ISS Design Study Requirements and Evaluation Criteria

The testing will be performed on sediment samples collected from five distinct areas or types of impacted sediments found on Site using testing procedures discussed in Section 2.1. Treated material will be tested for a variety of properties, including some which may provide information helpful with quality control or aid in the selection of an optimal mix design. Section 2.1 also provides rationale for selection of the evaluation criteria for solidified material. Section 2.2 provides a description of the site sediment types and the rationale for the sample collection locations.

2.1 Selection of Evaluation Criteria

During the treatability study, bench scale samples of solidified material will be tested for characteristics that are directly related to the ability of the solidified mass to be protective of human health and the environment, mainly by reducing the ability of NAPL chemicals to become dissolved in groundwater. ISS has gained increasing use on NAPL impacted sites in the last 10 years and typical performance requirements are widely understood. This treatability study will focus on criteria shown to be acceptable for demonstration of ISS effectiveness on NAPL remediation projects on several state and federal regulated projects.

The use of ISS technology on sediments through a standing water column is still within the early stages of development. However, ISS has been successfully used at over 160 sites in the past 20 years to treat a wide range of source materials (USEPA, 2000). The inclusion of evaluation criteria (and testing procedures) to be utilized in this treatability study are based on their successful use in ISS projects at NAPL remediation sites. The criteria and target values for this study are shown in Table 1 and are summarized below.

2.1.1 Physical Properties

The following tests/proposed criteria will be used as part of the evaluation process:

Hydraulic Conductivity (K): The solidified mass shall exhibit an average hydraulic conductivity equal to or less than 10-6 centimeters per second with no single sample more than 1 x 10-5, using the American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM) test method D 5084.

Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS): The solidified mass shall exhibit an average UCS value equal to or greater than 50 pounds per square inch (psi) with no single sample less than 40 psi utilizing test method ASTM D1633 after 28 days. A 7-day test will also be performed for comparison and to assess curing time characteristics for different mixes.


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2.1.2 Leachability Properties

The selection of the final mix designs will be based on an evaluation of the solidified materials’ ability to improve groundwater quality and the anticipated durability of the solidified mass. Although compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity are anticipated to be the primary criteria, the affect of various mix designs on leachability will also be incorporated into the treatability test. A non-destructive leachability test will be used to help evaluate suitable mixtures. Leachability tests that destroy the solidified matrix by grinding up the sample such as Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) or Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) do not adequately reflect the ability of the solidified material to prevent contaminants from solubilizing into groundwater. Non-destructive tests such as ANS 16.1 better reflect impacts to groundwater by leaving the solidified sample matrix intact. ANS 16.1 is further discussed below. This test will only be performed on test samples that have cured for at least 28 days and have satisfied the criteria for compressive strength and hydraulic conductivity, described in Section 2.1.1.

American National Standards Institute/American Nuclear Society (ANSI/ANS) 16.1: This method evaluates the mass transfer of constituents from the surface of the solidified mass over time and reflects the principal chemical exposure pathway anticipated following solidification. In the test, an intact sample of treated material will be submersed in a bath of site groundwater for several increments of time, with the aqueous sample analyzed for a complete set of potential constituents of interest to the USEPA. Three to four of the best case samples will be evaluated during an exposure time of at least 5 days. The results will be converted to a constituent-specific flux rate (milligrams per square meter per hour) to be used in a simple calculation that incorporates estimates of the surface area of the field-scale solidified mass and groundwater flow rate to predict constituent concentrations at a downgradient compliance point.

2.1.3 Free Liquid Testing

Testing for Free Liquid Content will be performed during the treatability study to ensure full and proper mixing, with a goal that the solidified mass contains no free liquid.

2.2 Identification of Sediment Types and Sample Location Rationale

The Feasibility Study proposes ISS in RTA 1 and RTA 2. Due to the size of the canal and the varying conditions, samples will be collected from the native sediments in each reach and tested separately. Variability of sediment characteristics and impact levels was also observed within RTA 2 and the turning basins. Three samples locations are proposed for RTA 2 and the turning basins to determine if different mix designs will be required to successfully


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solidify each area. Finally, to address the objective of the study, separate discreet samples of the deeper, consolidated soft sediments will be collected from each area where native sediments are collected. The interface between the soft and native sediments will be estimated in the field. The soft sediments sample will then be collected from 3 to 5 feet above that interface. Separate testing will be performed to evaluate the potential to successfully solidify these sediments as part of the remedy or as a stable base for the proposed cap. Samples from different areas may be combined if preliminary testing indicates that certain types of sediments from different areas exhibit similar characteristics.

2.3 Admixture Materials

Portland cement has been selected as the primary reagent for preliminary testing based on its universal availability, consistence and quality regardless of source, success on past ISS projects, and cost. Two principal additives have been selected for testing: bentonite and blast furnace slag (BFS). Bentonite was selected as a principal additive due to its demonstrated ability to increase hydraulic conductivity performance (by decreasing permeability) of the mix design. BFS, which would be used in subsequent optimization testing, was selected because it is a readily available admixture that can reduce the overall ISS cost and improve the curing characteristic of the solidified material. Secondly, BFS is a commercially available by-product with predictable characteristics that is produced and marketed under controlled circumstances vs. other byproducts such as cement kiln dust which can vary in characteristics even from a single supplier.

2.4 Design Mixes

The treatability testing program will include varying combinations and amounts of reagents to create solidified materials that meet or exceed the criteria in Table 1. The reagents will be slurried before mixing in proportions further detailed in Section 3.3.2. Section 3, Treatability Study Procedures, provides a preliminary list of the various reagent mixes that will be considered during initial screening and their relative proportions. The proposed mixtures are based on similar mixtures used on previous successful projects. The range of reagent proportions is based on experience in past MGP ISS projects performed. Tap water will be utilized for mixture development at a ratio of 1:1 by weight of dry reagent. Subsequent optimization rounds may alter this water-to-reagent ratio to understand the sensitivity to changes in water addition as it relates to performance requirements and to allow for changes in moisture content in situ. This information will allow the engineer to alter water addition in the field should mixing conditions warrant. Minimizing the amount of water required to meet performance requirement while allowing for sufficient mixing fluid is critical in minimizing the amount of volume expansion realized from ISS.


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3. Treatability Study Procedures

3.1 Sample Location, Collection Methods, and Equipment

The study will be initiated by collecting representative samples of sediment and MGP material from five locations within the canal. Proposed ISS sample locations are shown in Fig. 1. Sample collection will be conducted in accordance with our Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP). The purpose of the QAPP is to integrate the technical and quality control aspects of the ISS Treatability Study. The QAPP describes the planning process for collecting data and the implementation of the quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) activities developed for this program. The purpose of the QAPP is to generate project data that are technically valid and legally defensible. Samples will be collected from a barge using a vibracore sampler or ponar sampler, if required, to a depth of approximately 5 feet below the native sediment surface. Several cores may be required to ensure that sufficient sample volume will be collected. Sample material will only be collected at depths where ISS is planned. Discreet samples will be collected from both the soft and native sediment layers. Samples will be placed in sealed 5-gallon plastic buckets and stored on ice prior to shipping to the laboratory. Aliquots of the samples will also be segregated and placed in appropriate glassware for VOC and SVOC testing as required in the QAPP. It is anticipated that samples will be left on site for less than 48 hours. After the vibracores are completed and the materials have been collected, they will be evaluated by an experienced geologist and ISS specialist. The samples will be visually evaluated to determine soil type and degree of contamination and to verify the expected conditions for each soil type. Simple field tests such as pH, texture, and water content may also be performed to aid in the evaluation. The location of existing vibracore samples near the proposed ISS treatability sample locations are shown on Fig 2 and their logs are included in Appendix A to be used for sample comparison and characterization. All vibracores will be logged in a manner consistent with previous investigations at this site. Two 5-gallon buckets of each material type will be transported directly to the KEMRON Environmental Services Treatability Laboratory in Atlanta, Georgia. KEMRON will perform the laboratory treatability testing under the supervision of GEI.

3.2 Experimental Procedures

The treatability testing program will be conducted in phases so that information is accumulated in an organized, step-by-step fashion. This approach allows for a thorough discussion of the implication of the results from each phase of work and a refinement to


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subsequent methods prior to initiating the next phase of work. Each new step builds upon the previous successful step toward a practical solution within what should be a reasonable schedule. Based on previous experience with MGP-residual impacted soils, the treatability program will identify one or more mix designs that meet the minimum criteria. The following phases of laboratory testing are planned:

Untreated Material Characterization—Phase I. In this phase, the untreated samples collected in the field from each area will be tested and evaluated.

Preliminary Solidification Testing—Phase II. In this phase, 54 preliminary mixed samples (6 from each sediment type – 4 native samples and 5 soft samples) will be created using admixtures with a high likelihood of establishing a preliminary range of reagent mix designs. These samples, if they exhibit satisfactory visual characteristics, will then be tested for the full range of potential performance characteristics.

Optimization Testing—Phase III and Beyond (as necessary). In this phase, alternate reagent mixtures such as BFS will be tested, and preliminary reagent mix designs may be optimized through using minor adjustments in reagent proportions. These samples, if they exhibit satisfactory visual characteristics, will then be tested for the full range of potential performance characteristics.

The following describes each phase. The USEPA will be notified two weeks prior to mobilization to the Site for sample collection. Each phase of treatability testing based upon physical properties (permeability and UCS) will take about two months, with an additional month to complete the leachability studies. However, since the physical testing will be the primary evaluation parameter for the first round of treatability tests (Phase II), Phase III formulations can be developed before all of the leachability data has been obtained. A general schedule is discussed in Section 3.9 and a detailed schedule is provided as Appendix B.

3.2.1 Untreated Material Characterization – Phase I

Upon receipt of the samples at the laboratory, they will be maintained in refrigerated storage at a temperature of 4 degrees Celsius (oC) until tested. The laboratory will homogenize the untreated soil to provide a more uniform material for treatability testing. The homogenization will take place in the refrigerator using stainless steel instruments to minimize volatilization of organic compounds. To ensure the reproducibility of the tests, particles larger than 0.5 inch in diameter will be removed. After homogenization, representative aliquots of the soils will be collected for characterization testing. The untreated samples will be tested for physical properties. Grain size, bulk density, and moisture content testing will be performed in triplicate on the untreated samples to assess baseline sample homogeneity. Baseline samples will be remixed if homogeneity is not indicated. These properties are necessary to provide the basis for the selection of


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solidification reagents. Chemical testing (VOC/SVOC) will also be performed to evaluate the level of contamination. Each case (i.e., samples from each separate area) of untreated materials will be subjected to the tests shown in Table 2. After testing, the cases may be regrouped or consolidated to provide a practical representation of the various cases to be considered for solidification testing.

3.2.2 Preliminary Solidification Testing – Phase II

Preliminary testing will be performed on 6 different mix designs for each soil type for a total of 54 test samples. The preliminary mix designs are provided in Table 3. The laboratory blending process has been developed to mimic the full-scale solidification process on a laboratory scale. First, a fluid grout is created by blending pre-weighed proportions of water and reagent in a high-speed mixer. Viscosity and density of the grout may be measured to gauge workability. Next, the fluid grout is added to a measured proportion of the untreated materials in a low-speed mixer and blended at a rate of approximately 30 to 40 revolutions per minute for 60 to 90 seconds or until homogeneous. The “wet” treated material is next placed into plastic molds that measure 2 inches in diameter by 4 inches long. Air voids in the specimens are minimized by tamping, rodding, and/or vibrating.

The specimens are covered and cured in a temperature and moisture controlled room until tested. Usually, about six to ten specimens are made of each mixture in each phase to provide sufficient samples for testing plus reserves. During mixing, the workability of the grout and the grout/soil mixture will be evaluated. Volume measurements will be taken to assess expansion. If excessive heat or vapors are generated during mixing, PID (photoionization detector) and temperature will be monitored. As the samples harden, simple penetration tests will be conducted (at 1, 3, and 7 days) to see if the reagents satisfy basic solidification criteria, i.e. strength. In addition, the solidified samples will be subjected to visual observations for residual NAPL.

Solidified samples will be immersed in water after 7 days of curing to observe for any sheen or disintegration of the sample (i.e. slaking). These tests are useful in narrowing the range of admixture percent application rates. This round of tests will usually require about 2 weeks. UCS tests will be performed after 7 and 28 days. Measurements will also be made of the volume increase from solidification treatment. For samples that pass the UCS criteria at 28 days, hydraulic conductivity testing will be performed using a flexible wall permeameter to model the effects of overburden pressures on the solidified materials. The hydraulic conductivity tests will model In-Situ conditions of the solidified materials by imposing pressures on the specimen that are similar to the stresses the solidified materials will experience when buried at the bottom of the treated monolith. The specimens will be permeated with standard laboratory water per ASTM D 5084 until steady state values are obtained.


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For those treatments that satisfy the permeability criteria, a sample of solidified material will be analyzed according to modified ANS 16.1 leachability testing. The testing program for Phase II is summarized in Table 3.

3.2.3 Optimization Testing - Phase III Optional

GEI will compile the results of the preliminary testing and submit these data, along with a recommendation for further testing to National Grid and the USEPA at the conclusion of the preliminary round of treatability testing. Based on previous experience, the preliminary testing round should produce at least one successful mix design for each type of sediment. The optimization testing may be utilized to refine these mix designs and to experiment with other reagents that may improve the properties of the solidified material, simplify reagent mixing, or take advantage of locally available alternative reagent materials. The objectives of subsequent rounds, if selected, will be as follows:

Determine minimal reagent mix that meets performance requirements. Determine sensitivity to changes in reagent mix ratios (including water addition) on performance.

Attempt ISS using proprietary reagents with desired characteristics to improve specific characteristics of the solidified material identified in the preliminary testing such as strength or permeability. Prior to testing, the reagents will be analyzed for metals content.

Attempt ISS using alternate reagents that may have major cost benefits or reagents that are available local to the Site.

Identify range of successful mix designs for testing in a potential full-scale pilot study.

Obtain additional ANS data for input into dilution models and, if appropriate, mix design selection.

Establish correlations to improve full-scale field quality control. Testing could potentially establish a correlation between 7-day UCS with 28-day UCS and permeability. This will allow the contractor to gain confidence that full-scale mixing is achieving performance requirements without waiting over 30 days from mixing for confirmation.

The exact number of optimization samples and the need for additional optimization testing rounds will be evaluated at each step and discussed with National Grid and USEPA prior to proceeding. Testing and laboratory analysis for the optimization rounds will be similar to that completed in Phase II except that GEI will explore ways to minimize future analytical costs based upon the results of earlier testing.


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3.3 Data Management

Data will be managed in accordance with the GEI QAPP.

All raw data from the solidification bench-scale treatability study will reside in bound laboratory notebooks and analytical reports from the KEMRON analytical laboratory. All entries in bound laboratory notebooks will be made in black ink and will be considered raw data. At the end of each entry, the initials of the laboratory personnel responsible and date must be entered. All corrections will be initialed and dated at the time of correction and a note explaining the correction. All analytical reports from the analytical laboratory will be maintained as raw data. Any corrections or additions to analytical reports previously received must be accompanied by a written explanation from the analytical laboratory. Computer printouts will also be maintained as raw data. Prior to issuing a final report, all pertinent raw data will be reviewed to ensure the data quality. A GEI-trained data validator will review all relevant laboratory notebook pages, computer printouts, and analytical reports. Any discrepancies in the raw data uncovered in this or any review will be discussed with appropriate laboratory personnel and corrected, as appropriate.

3.4 Data Analysis and Interpretation

Based on test results for the solidification formulations based on the phased approach, GEI will determine the optimal formulation for each of the sediment types. The optimal formulation will meet the performance criteria listed in Table 1 at the lowest reagent cost.

Preliminary testing will, by default, determine whether a single mix design will be successful for all sediment types as identical mixed designs will be used for the sediments. If preliminary results do not indicate a single mix that will work for all sediment types, it is unlikely that optimization rounds will result in a common formulation as optimization testing is performed on slight variances to the successful preliminary mixed designs.

3.5 Health and Safety

A Site Specific Health and Safety Plan (HASP) has already been developed for vibracoring and barge work on the Gowanus Canal. We plan to follow our existing HASP while obtaining the treatability samples.


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3.6 Residuals Management

Sample material from treatability testing and unused sample containing impacted residuals will be handled, labeled, and disposed of properly.

3.7 Community Relations

The Canal is located in a mixed residential-commercial-industrial area. Abutting property owners are aware that additional sampling may be occurring as part of the remedial design process. Additional notification would be made prior to a field-scale pilot study using existing community relation protocols in place for work on the Canal.

3.8 Reporting

The final results from the ISS Treatability Study will be presented in a draft report and submitted to the USEPA. The report will provide a recommendation for a suitable mix design for full-scale ISS and will discuss the need for and benefits of a full-scale pilot study, if warranted.

3.9 Schedule

The actual schedule will be dependent on agency approvals and the desired amount of optimization testing performed. A preliminary schedule for treatability activities is included in Appendix B.

3.10 Management and Staffing

Tim Olean of GEI will be the project manager for the work. He has managed several large ISS treatability studies and full scale ISS projects. He has also worked with a large utility industry group to evaluate the implementation of ISS in sediments. Melissa Felter is a senior geologist with extensive experience in Gowanus Canal investigation activities and will coordinate and oversee filed sampling activities. Resumes for Mr. Olean and Ms. Felter are included in Appendix C.


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4. Limitations

This report was prepared for the use of the USEPA and National Grid, exclusively. The conclusions presented in this report are based solely on the information reported in this document and previous reports prepared for this Site by GEI. Additional quantitative information regarding the Site not available to GEI may result in a modification of the findings herein. The submittal has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted hydrogeological practices. No warranty, expressed or implied, is made.


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5. References

EPRI, 2009. “An Integrated Approach to Evaluating In-Situ Solidification/Stabilization of Coal Tar Impacted Soils.” EPRI project manager J. Clock. Technical Update 1018612. April 2009.

GEI, 2012. “Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP), Gowanus Canal Superfund Site, Brooklyn, New York.” Dated April 2012.

GEI, 2011. “Health and Safety Plan (HASP), Gowanus Canal Superfund Site, Brooklyn, New York.” Dated November 2010.

ITRC, 2009. “Evaluating LNAPL Remedial Technologies for Achieving Remedial Goals.” The interstate Technology & Regulatory Council LNAPLs Team. December 2009.

Maher, Ali; Husam Najm, and Maria Boile, 2005. “Solidification/Stabilization of Soft River Sediments Using Deep Soil Mixing.” Center for Advanced Infrastructure and Transportation (CAIT) and Civil and Environmental Engineering Department Rutgers, New Jersey. Dated October 2005.

USEPA, 2000. “Solidification/Stabilization use at Superfund Sites.” United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5102G), EPA-542-R-00-010. September 2000.

USEPA, 2009. “Technology Performance Review: Selecting and Using Solidification/ Stabilization Treatment for Site Remediation. United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, EPA/600/R-09/148. November 2009.


Tables

Table 1. Summary of Potential In-Situ Solidification Evaluation Criteria


Gowanus Canal

Physical Characteristic Parameter Test/Method Criterion Note

Ability of the solidified mass to

minimize groundwater flow through it

Hydraulic Conductivity ASTM D5084, Standard Test Methods for

Measurement of Hydraulic Conductivity

of Saturated Porous Materials Using a

Flexible Wall Permeameter

Average of all treated material equal to

or less than K 10-6 cm/sec. No single

sample >K 10-5 cm/sec.

NA

Strength of ability of the solidified

mass to endure stresses

Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) ASTM D2166, Standard Test Method for

Unconfined Compressive Strength of

Cohesive Soil

Average of all treated material equal to

more than UCS 50 psi. No single sample

less than 40 psi.

NA

Long term leachability as a function of

surface area

The rate of leaching over an extended

period (several months)

ANS 16.1 Leach testing (5 day leach tests,

Total BTEX by EPA 8260, Total PAH by

EPA 8270)

A numerical value may be developed

based on site-specific groundwater

concentrations.

This test takes too long to be used for real-

time performance monitoring, but test

results may provide insight into long-term

performance of various formulations.

Notes:

1. BTEX = Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene

2. PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

3. NA = Not applicable

4. ASTM = American Society of Testing Materials

5. EPA = Environmental Protection Agency

6. UCS = Unconfined Compressive Strength

Page 1 of 1H:\WPROC\Project\NationalGrid\Gowanus - Confidential\WORK PLANS\2012-04-24 In-Situ Solidification Treatability\

T1 Summary

Table 2. Analytical Testing Program


Gowanus Canal

Phase I: Untreated Material Characterization Test Methods Number of Samples

Sample Homogenization NA 9

Moisture Content ASTM D 2216 9

Bulk Density ASTM D 2937 9

Material pH EPA Method 9045C 9

Grain Size Distribution (with hydrometer) ASTM D422 9

Total BTEX EPA Method 8260 9

Total PAH EPA Method 8270 9

Phase II: Stabilization Evaluations Test Methods Number of Samples

Mixture Development (9 Material x 6 Mixtures) NA 54

UCS Testing (7 day cure) ASTM D2166 54

UCS Testing (28 day cure) ASTM D2166 26

Penetrometer Evaluations NA 54

Hydraulic Conductivity (falling head) (28 day) ASTM D5084 13

Volumetric Expansion (Bulking) (7 days) NA 54

ANS 16.1 Leach Testing (5 day leach - 7 Cycles) NA 5

Total BTEX EPA Method 8260 35

Total PAH EPA Method 8270 35

Notes:

1. BTEX = Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene.

2. PAH = Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.

3. NA = Not applicable.

4. ASTM = American Society of Testing Materials

5. EPA = Environmental Protection Agency

6. UCS = Unconfined Compressive Strength

Page 1 of 1H:\WPROC\Project\NationalGrid\Gowanus - Confidential\WORK PLANS\2012-04-24 In-Situ Solidification Treatability\T2 Summary

Table 3. Test Mix Design

In Situ Solidification Treatability Study Work Plan

Gowanus Canal

1 2 3 4 5 6

Portland Cement 10% 15% 20% 10% 15% 20%

Bentonite 1% 1% 1%

Reagents

Treatability Sample Number

Page 1 of 1H:\WPROC\Project\NationalGrid\Gowanus - Confidential\WORK PLANS\2012-04-24 In-Situ Solidification Treatability\

T3 Test Mix Design


Figure

NOTES: LEGEND:

1. COLLECT SAMPLES FROM RTA1, 2, 3ANDTURNING BASIN. e PROPOSED CORING LOCATION

2. SEGREGATE SAMPLES FOR: "SHALLOWER" SOFT SEDIMENT "DEEPER" SOFT SEDIMENT

6 NATIVE SEDIMENT

0 500 1000

APPROXIMATE SCALE, FEET

ISS Treatability Study Work Plan Gowanus Canal

Brooklyn, New York

National Grid Brooklyn, New York

G E I Con5ultant5

Pro'ect 09301-0

CORING LOCATIONS WITH PROPOSED ISS AREAS

April2012 Fig.1 M:IDRAFTI NG\2009\09301 Gowanus\09301 Q-01

NOTES: LEGEND:

1. COLLECT SAMPLES FROM RTA1, 2, 3ANDTURNING BASIN. e PROPOSED CORING LOCATION

2. SEGREGATE SAMPLES FOR:

0

"SHALLOWER" SOFT SEDIMENT "DEEPER" SOFT SEDIMENT NATIVE SEDIMENT

500 1000

APPROXIMATE SCALE, FEET

& REPRESENTATIVE CORING LOCATION

ISS Treatability Study Work Plan Gowanus Canal

Brooklyn, New York

National Grid Brooklyn, New York

G E I Con5ultant5

Pro'ect 09301-0

PROPOSED AND REPRESENTATIVE

CORING LOCATIONS

April2012 Fig. 2 M:IDRAFTI NG\2009\09301 Gowanus\09301 Q-01


Appendix A

Vibracore Logs

NOTES:

DEPTHFT.

10

15

20 Bottom of borehole at 20.0 feet.

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

79.6

173

GC-SED-01(16-17)

GC-SED-01(19-20)

PLO

17.2 - 20 WIDELY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SW-SM);homogeneous, ~90% sand; fine to medium, ~10% silt, moderatepetroleum-like odor, wet, dark brown, moderately coated with lightamber NAPL.

SAMPLE INFO

PROJECT NAME: Gowanus Canal

STR

ATA

GC-SED-01PAGE2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

GEI PROJECT NUMBER: 061140-3

BORING LOGGEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033 CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York

RECIN.

PEN = PENETRATION LENGTH OF SAMPLER OR CORE BARRELREC = RECOVERY LENGTH OF SAMPLEPID = PHOTOIONIZATION DETECTOR READING (JAR

HEADSPACE)

ppm = PARTS PER MILLIONIN. = INCHESFT. = FEET

NLO = NAPHTHALENE LIKE ODORPLO = PETROLEUM LIKE ODORTLO = TAR LIKE ODORCLO = CHEMICAL LIKE ODORALO = ASPHALT LIKE ODOR

CrLO = CREOSOTE LIKE ODOROLO = ORGANIC LIKE ODORSLO = SULFUR LIKE ODORMLO = MUSTY LIKE ODOR

OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONPENFT.

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

GC-SED-02(1-2)

18.1

GEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033

S-1

14.9

15.1

31.9 GC-SED-02(9.6-10.6)

OLO

0 - 10.6 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL WITH GRAVEL (OL); ~30%sand; fine to medium, ~15% fine to medium gravel, max. size 1in., moderate organic-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT, roots,bottle cap, plastic bag, wood pieces, 1-3" layers of m - c sand 3-5',patchy sheen 1-2'.

217.2

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07BORING LOG

GC-SED-02PAGE1 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New YorkGEI PROJECT NUMBER: 061140-3



VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS ANALYZED

SAMPLEID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


TYPEandNO.


OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN.

PENFT.


HEADSPACE)

DATE START / END: 12/19/2005 - 12/19/2005DRILLING DETAILS: Direct Push / Vibra Core / Core Size: 3.625 in.

GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -3.07 LOCATION: Gowanus CanalNORTHING: 673591.54 EASTING: 634404.03 TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 18.10

DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneDRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski

PID(ppm)

WATER LEVEL DEPTHS (FT):

DEPTHFT.

0

5

10NOTES:

LOGGED BY: Melissa Felter

10.6 - 17.1 NARROWLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SP-SM);non plastic, ~90% sand; fine, ~10% silt, wet, black, wood pieces.

ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

Refusal at 18.1 feet.Bottom of borehole at 18.1 feet.

NLO

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

17.1 - 18.1 SILTY SAND (SM); non plastic, ~80% sand; fine,~20% silt, moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, black, iridescentsheen.

DEPTHFT.

10

15

41.9

122 GC-SED-02(17.1-18.1)

OLO

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS


BORING LOG

PID(ppm)

GC-SED-02PAGE2 of 2CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York

PROJECT NAME: Gowanus CanalGEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

RECIN.

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)




OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTION

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

PENFT.



DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneDRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski


DEPTHFT.

0

5

NOTES:

S-1


4.6

14.2

GC-SED-03(0-1.5)

GC-SED-03(7.5-9.3)

OLO

9.3 0 - 9.3 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL WITH GRAVEL (OL); ~30% sand; fineto medium, ~15% fine gravel, max. size 0.8 in., strong organic-like odor,wet, black, SEDIMENT, roots, trash, cigarette butts, slight patchy sheenthroughout.


28.4

PID(ppm)

CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York

TYPEandNO.

BORING LOG

GC-SED-03B

CLIENT: KEYSPAN


PROJECT NAME: Gowanus CanalGEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033 PAGE

1 of 1

OD

OR

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)



ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07


SOIL / BEDROCKDESCRIPTIONREC

IN.PENFT.

DRILLING DETAILS: Direct Push / Vibra Core / Core Size: 3.625 in.


DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneDRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave KowaleskiLOGGED BY: Matt O'Neil

20.0

DEPTHFT.

0

5

10NOTES:

S-1


131

78.5

GC-SED-04(0-2)

PLO

DATE START / END: 12/23/2005 - 12/23/2005

PID(ppm)

0 - 2 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~40% sand; fine, moderatepetroleum-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT, leaves, roots, debris,plastic, wood, moderate organic-like odor, patchy petroleumsheen.

2 - 11 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~40% sand; fine, moderatepetroleum-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT, leaves, roots, debris,plastic, wood, fine sand grades to medium sand at 10'.

212.4

PLO


VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

TYPEandNO.

BORING LOG

GC-SED-04

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



1 of 2


ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)


EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

PENFT.


RECIN.

SOIL / BEDROCKDESCRIPTIONO

DO

R

15 - 20 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); layered, ~90% sand; fineto coarse, ~10% fine gravel, max. size 0.5 in., strongnaphthalene-like odor, wet, gray and brown, layers heavily coatedwith tar.

11.3 - 15 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); layered, ~90%sand; medium, ~10% fine sand, strong naphthalene-like odor,wet, gray to brown, alternating with layers of silt with sand, sandlayers are heavily coated with tar.

Bottom of borehole at 20.0 feet.

DEPTHFT.

10

15

20

11 - 11.3 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~40% sand; medium,~10% medium gravel, moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, black,SEDIMENT, leaves, roots, debris, plastic, wood, moderatepetroleum-like odor, sheen.

197

501

614

456

GC-SED-04(10.3-11.3)

GC-SED-04(18.5-19.5)

PLO

NLO

NLO

NLO

CLIENT: KEYSPANE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

NOTES:

BORING LOG

GC-SED-04PAGE2 of 2CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York



ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID


HEADSPACE)

STR

ATA

SAMPLE INFO


VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

PID(ppm)

TYPEandNO.

PENFT.

RECIN.


DO

R



LOGGED BY: Matt O'Neil

21020.0



TYPEandNO.

DRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski

0 - 5.5 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~40% sand; fine, <5%cobbles, max. size 3.5 in., moderate petroleum-like odor, wet,black, SEDIMENT, moderate organic-like odor, leaves.


DEPTHFT.

S-1

NOTES:

DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East Zone

PLO

53

107

101

GC-SED-05(0-2)

9 - 13 Wet, black, PEAT.

PLO

5.5 - 9 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~50% sand; fine, moderatepetroleum-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT, roots.


0

5

10

BORING LOG

GC-SED-05E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



1 of 2


HEADSPACE)

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA

PENFT.

RECIN.



DO

R



13 - 13.5 LEAN CLAY WITH SAND (CL); low plasticity, wet, gray.

13.5 - 14.5 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); ~90% sand; fine tomedium, strong tar-like odor, wet, gray to brown, moderately toheavily coated with tar.

14.5 - 15 LEAN CLAY WITH SAND (CL); low plasticity, wet, gray.

15 - 20 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); ~90% sand; fine tomedium, strong tar-like odor, wet, gray to brown, moderately toheavily coated with tar, clay lenses 16-16.2, 16.5-16.6, and17.2-17.3.

TYPEandNO.

NOTES:


172

938

365

546 GC-SED-05(19-20)

TLO

TLO

10

15

20

GC-SED-05(11.5-12.5)


DEPTHFT.

GC-SED-05E

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



2 of 2


BORING LOG


SAMPLE INFO


ANALYZEDSAMPLE

IDVISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

PID(ppm) ST

RA

TA

RECIN.

SOIL / BEDROCKDESCRIPTIONPEN

FT. OD

OR


HEADSPACE)


0 - 0.75 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL (GW); ~100% gravel; fineto coarse, max. size 3 in., wet, black, slight sheen.

0.75 - 2.5 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND (GW);~60% gravel; fine to coarse, ~40% medium to coarse sand, max.size 2 in., strong tar-like odor, wet, black, tar blebs and tar coatedgrains.

10.4

TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 10.40EASTING: 632327.24NORTHING: 671572.47LOCATION: Gowanus CanalGROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -13.94

S-1 88.8

8.9 - 10 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); ~95% sand; fine tocoarse, ~5% fines, strong tar-like odor, wet, brown, coated withtar.

8.3 - 8.9 SILT WITH SAND (ML); ~15% fine sand, moderatetar-like odor, wet, black, tar coated grains.

7.3 - 8.3 ORGANIC SOIL WITH SAND (OL); ~15% fine sand,moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, hair-like material at 7.3',asphalt-like coated grains.

2.5 - 7.3 ORGANIC SOIL WITH SAND (OL); ~15% fine sand,moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT, veins of stickytar-like or asphalt-like material.

DATE START / END: 1/23/2006 - 1/23/2006

GC-SED-43(7.3-8.3)

GC-SED-43(2-3)

1651

394


TLO

TLO

TLO

TLO

TLO

GC-SED-43

BORING LOG


PENFT.



GEI PROJECT NUMBER: 061140-3CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 2

TYPEandNO.

RECIN.

PID(ppm)

NOTES:

DEPTHFT.

0

5

10

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07


HEADSPACE)


DO

R



VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS



STR

ATA

SAMPLE INFOANALYZED

SAMPLEID


DEPTHFT.

10

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

1836 GC-SED-43(9.9-10.4)

10 - 10.4 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); ~95% sand; fine tocoarse, ~5% fines, strong tar-like odor, wet, brown, tar saturated10-10.3'.Refusal at 10.4 feet.Bottom of borehole at 10.4 feet.

TLO

STR

ATA

PAGE2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York GC-SED-43PROJECT NAME: Gowanus Canal

BORING LOGGEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033


PENFT.




OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN.


HEADSPACE)

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

6.1 - 8.3 SILT WITH SAND (ML); fissured, non plastic, ~25% finesand, moderate tar-like odor, wet, brown, tar saturated verticalfissures.

2.5 - 6.1 ORGANIC SOIL WITH SAND (OL); ~30 fine to mediumsand, moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT, lightly toheavily, viscous, asphalt-like tar coated grains.

0.75 - 2.5 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND (GW);~60% gravel; fine to coarse, angular, ~40% coarse sand, max.size 3 in., moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, moderately tar coatedgrains.

0 - 0.75 NARROWLY GRADED GRAVEL (GP); ~100% gravel;medium, max. size 1 in., wet, black, slight sheen.

138

NORTHING: 671549.49


LOGGED BY: Melissa FelterDATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East Zone

8.3 - 13.3 SILT WITH SAND (ML); lensed, non plastic, ~25% finesand, moderate tar-like odor, wet, brown, vertical fissures in silt,lenses of fine sand moderately to heavily coated with tar, sheen.

EASTING: 632342.44LOCATION: Gowanus CanalGROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -16.02

DRILLING DETAILS: Direct Push / Vibra Core / Core Size: 3.625 in.DATE START / END: 1/23/2006 - 1/23/2006

13.9S-1

GC-SED-44(5.6-6.1)

GC-SED-44(0.75-2.5)

1166

1325

604


TLO

TLO

TLO

TLO

GC-SED-44

BORING LOG

TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 13.90

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07GEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033



CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 2

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

NOTES:

PENFT.

0

5

10

DEPTHFT.

SAMPLE INFO

PID(ppm)

TYPEandNO.


RECIN.

SOIL / BEDROCKDESCRIPTION


ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID



HEADSPACE)

STR

ATA

OD

OR

DEPTHFT.

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

10

TLO

1672

2524 GC-SED-44(13.3-13.9)


13.3 - 13.9 WIDELY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SW-SM);laminated, ~90% sand; fine to medium, ~10% silt, moderatetar-like odor, wet, brown, moderately tar coated grains.

TLO

PROJECT NAME: Gowanus CanalBORING LOG

PAGE2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

SAMPLE INFOGEI PROJECT NUMBER: 061140-3

GEI Consultants, Inc.455 Winding Brook DrGlastonbury, CT 06033 CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)




OD

OR

GC-SED-44

SOIL / BEDROCKDESCRIPTIONREC

IN.PENFT.

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07


TYPEandNO.

6.2


GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -15.5 LOCATION: Gowanus CanalNORTHING: 671521.09 EASTING: 632360.83 TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 6.20DRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski

21.6


DEPTHFT.

0

5

S-1


TLO893 GC-SED-45C

(1-1.5)

NOTES:

0 - 1.8 ORGANIC SOIL WITH SAND (OL); ~25% fine to mediumsand, ~5% fine to coarse gravel, moderate tar-like odor, wet,black, SEDIMENT, wool, moderately to heavily tar coated grains.

1.8 - 6.2 NO RECOVERY, whole brick at 1.8'.



BORING LOG

GC-SED-45CE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



1 of 1


PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)



OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONPENFT.

RECIN.


DEPTHFT.

0 - 1 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND (GW); ~60%gravel; fine to coarse, angular, ~35% fine to coarse sand, ~5%fines, max. size 3 in., wet, black, leaves.

1 - 2.5 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND (GW); ~60%gravel; fine to coarse, angular, ~35% fine to coarse sand, ~5%fines, max. size 3 in., moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, leaves,viscous, asphalt-like tar coated grains.

2.5 - 6.6 ORGANIC SOIL WITH SAND (OL); ~30% fine tomedium sand, moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, SEDIMENT,wood fragments, lightly asphalt-like tar coated grains.

6.6 - 10.9 WIDELY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SW-SM);lensed, ~90% sand; fine to medium, ~10% silt, moderate tar-likeodor, wet, brown, moderately to heavily tar coated grains.

104.410.9

DATE START / END: 1/23/2006 - 1/23/2006


DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneDRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave KowaleskiLOGGED BY: Melissa Felter


S-1

278

817

1548

3000

GC-SED-46C(1.5-2.5)

GC-SED-46C(5-5.5)

TLO

TLO

TLO

GC-SED-46C(9-10)

PAGE1 of 2

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07BORING LOG

GC-SED-46C

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



PID(ppm)

SAMPLE INFOANALYZED

SAMPLEIDST

RA

TA

TYPEandNO.

NOTES:

0

5

10

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS


PENFT.

RECIN.


DO

R




HEADSPACE)

10

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)

TLO

DEPTHFT.



PAGE2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New YorkPROJECT NAME: Gowanus Canal

GC-SED-46C




OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN.


EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07BORING LOG

PENFT.

495

194

GC-SED-64D(2-4)

250

59.8

S-1

TLO

PLO

GC-SED-64D(5.6-6.6)

GC-SED-64D




HEADSPACE)

OD

OR

SAMPLE INFOANALYZED

SAMPLEIDVI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS

PID(ppm) ST

RA

TA

PLO

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07


BORING LOG

PENFT.

RECIN.


LOGGED BY: Lynn Willey

0

5

10

DEPTHFT.

DATE START / END: 1/11/2006 - 1/11/2006


TYPEandNO.

DRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneTOTAL DEPTH (FT): 15.50EASTING: 631365.4NORTHING: 670282LOCATION: Gowanus CanalGROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -12.8


NOTES:


CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 2


0 - 0.5 ORGANIC SOIL (OL); homogeneous, ~10% sand; fine,<~5% coarse sand, moderate petroleum-like odor, wet, black,moderate irridescent sheen.

7.6 - 9 SILTY SAND (SM); homogeneous, low plasticity, fine, wet,black to light gray.

15.5

0.5 - 4 SILTY SAND (SM); ~25% silt, max. size 2 in., moderatepetroleum-like odor, wet, ~30% fill material, clinker, wood, glass,black staining, patchy sheen.

4 - 7.1 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); homogeneous, ~95%sand; fine, ~5% fines, moderate tar-like odor, wet, silt lens at 5.0'with moderate sheen, lens with moderately to heavily tar coatedgrains.

175.2

9.5 - 10.3 NARROWLY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SP-SM);homogeneous, non plastic, ~85% sand; fine, ~15% silt, wet, gray.

7.1 - 7.6 ELASTIC SILT (MH); homogeneous, ~5% fine sand,wet, tan to light brown.

9 - 9.5 FAT CLAY (CH); homogeneous, high plasticity, <5% finesand, wet, gray to light black.

10.3 - 10.5 FAT CLAY (CH); homogeneous, high plasticity, <5%fine sand, wet, gray.10.5 - 10.7 CLAYEY SAND (SC); homogeneous, wet, gray.10.7 - 12 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); homogeneous, nonplastic, ~95% sand; fine, <5% fines, wet, light brown.

12 - 15 NARROWLY GRADED SILTY SAND (SM); non plastic,~80% sand; fine, ~20% silt, wet, brown.

15 - 15.5 NARROWLY GRADED SILTY SAND (SM); non plastic,~80% sand; fine, ~20% silt, moderate tar-like odor, wet, brown,black staining, moderately to heavily tar coated grains.Refusal at 15.5 feet.Bottom of borehole at 15.5 feet.

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

163

48.1

74.2

480 GC-SED-64D(15-15.5)

10

15TLO

PID(ppm)


DEPTHFT.

GC-SED-64DE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

PAGE2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN




VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS ANALYZED

SAMPLEID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


BORING LOG


OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN.

PENFT.


HEADSPACE)

GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -17.6

4 - 6 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); non plastic, ~90% sand;fine to medium, ~10% silt, slight naphthalene-like odor, wet,brown to tan.


11.8S-1

3 - 4 SILTY SAND (SM); homogeneous, ~75% sand; fine, ~25%silt, slight naphthalene-like odor, wet, brown.

1.8 - 3 LEAN CLAY (CL); layered, low plasticity, slightnaphthalene-like odor, wet, gray, fine sand layers.

1.25 - 1.8 CLAYEY SAND (SC); lensed, low plasticity, wet, grayand orangeish brown, lenses of medium sand.

0.5 - 1.25 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); non plastic,~100% sand; fine, strong tar-like odor, wet, black staining, tarsaturated with viscous, black tar.

0 - 0.5 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SILT AND SAND(GW-GM); non plastic, ~65% gravel; fine to coarse, ~20% fine tocoarse sand, ~15% silt, max. size 2 in., strong organic-like odor,wet, black, spotty sheen.

7.1 - 10.5 SILTY SAND (SM); homogeneous, non plastic, ~80%sand; fine, ~20% silty fines, wet, brown.

GC-SED-65(3-4)

GC-SED-65(0.5-1.25)

7.8

3.4

19.4

686TLO

141.6

NLO

NLO

OLO

NLO

GC-SED-65

BORING LOG


6 - 7.1 LEAN CLAY (CL); layered, medium plasticity, ~5% finesand, wet, gray.

LOCATION: Gowanus Canal

PENFT.

RECIN.

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07PROJECT NAME: Gowanus Canal



CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 2

NOTES:

0

5

10

DEPTHFT.

TYPEandNO.


LOGGED BY: Lynn WilleyDRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East Zone

TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 11.80EASTING: 631400.08NORTHING: 670251.92

SAMPLE INFO

PID(ppm) ST

RA

TA ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID


HEADSPACE)

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS




OD

OR

DEPTHFT.

10

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

IDSTR

ATA

NOTES:

51.3 GC-SED-65(10.8-11.8)

SAMPLE INFO

10.5 - 10.8 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); homogeneous, ~5%silt, wet, brown.10.8 - 11.8 SILT (ML); stratified, non plastic, fine to medium sand,wet, brown to reddish brown.


PROJECT NAME: Gowanus CanalGC-SED-65PAGE

2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN BORING LOG




HEADSPACE)




OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN.

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

PENFT.




OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTION

S-1

11.0

250

345

GC-SED-66(3-5)

NLO

NLO

NLO

EASTING: 631415.98

300

NOTES:

TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 20.00DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneDRILLED BY: Ocean Surveys, Inc. / Dave Kowaleski



DEPTHFT.

0

5

10


HEADSPACE)

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA

GC-SED-66C

BORING LOGE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07


PENFT.



CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 2

5 - 11.5 WIDELY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SW-SM); lensed,~90% sand; fine to medium, ~10% silt, strong naphthalene-likeodor, wet, brown, lightly to moderately tar coated grains.

0 - 3 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND (GW); ~80%gravel; fine to coarse, ~20% fine to medium sand, max. size 2 in.,slight naphthalene-like odor, wet, black, slight organic-like odor,slight petroleum-like odor, glass, wood, paper.

3 - 5 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SAND (GW); ~80%gravel; fine to coarse, ~20% fine to medium sand, max. size 2 in.,slight naphthalene-like odor, wet, black, slight organic-like odor,slight petroleum-like odor, glass, wood, paper, tar saturated.

DATE START / END: 12/20/2005 - 12/20/2005

RECIN.

NORTHING: 670217.7LOCATION: Gowanus CanalGROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -14.26


20.0 204

TYPEandNO.

11.5 - 12.5 WIDELY GRADED SAND WITH SILT (SW-SM);lensed, ~90% sand; fine to medium, ~10% silt, strongnaphthalene-like odor, wet, brown, tar saturated.

12.5 - 15 SILT WITH SAND (ML); lensed, non plastic, ~75%fines; ~25% medium sand, wet, brown.

15 - 19 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); lensed, ~95% sand;medium to coarse, ~5% silt, wet, brown.

19 - 20 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); lensed, ~95% sand;medium to coarse, ~5% silt, wet, brown, spotty sheen.

DEPTHFT.

10

15

20

NOTES:


230

30

4.0

51 GC-SED-66(19-20)

NLO

NLO

GC-SED-66(11.5-12.5)

CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York GC-SED-66CE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



2 of 2


BORING LOG


SAMPLE INFO


ANALYZEDSAMPLE

IDVISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

PID(ppm) ST

RA

TA

RECIN.

SOIL / BEDROCKDESCRIPTIONPEN

FT. OD

OR


HEADSPACE)

S-1 78


7.7 - 9.7 ELASTIC SILT (MH); homogeneous, ~20% organics,wet, gray, wood, peat.

6.8 - 7.7 ELASTIC SILT (MH); stratified, medium plasticity, ~25%clayey fines, ~10% fine sand, slight naphthalene-like odor, wet,gray.

6.5 - 6.8 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); non plastic, ~95%sand; fine, <5% silt, moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, gray,irridescent sheen.

6.3 - 6.5 SILTY SAND (SM); homogeneous, non plastic, ~75%sand; fine, ~25% silt, strong tar-like odor, wet, black, moderatenaphthalene-like odor, trace black tar blebs.

5 - 5.5 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); homogeneous, ~90%sand; fine to coarse, <5% silt, <5% fine to coarse gravel, max.size 2 in., moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, black staining, tarblebs.

0 - 2.35 WIDELY GRADED GRAVEL WITH SILT AND SAND(GW-GM); homogeneous, non plastic, ~55% gravel; subangular,~25% silty fines, ~20% fine to coarse sand, max. size 3 in.,moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, irridescent sheen.

GC-SED-70B(6-6.5)

GC-SED-70B(4-5)

8.2

497

265

5.5 - 6.3 CLAY (CL); laminated, medium plasticity, ~10% finesand, <5% organics, moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, black,black staining.

NLO

NLOTLO

NLO

TLO

GC-SED-70B(8.5-9.5)

TLO

TLO

2.35 - 5 ELASTIC SILT (MH); homogeneous, low plasticity, ~10%fine to medium sand, ~5% fine to coarse gravel, max. size 4 in.,moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, ~5% wood fragments, blackstaining, sheen.


EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

GC-SED-70B

RECIN.


DO

R


BORING LOG

PENFT.


CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 1





0

5

TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 9.70EASTING: 631029.86NORTHING: 669606.66LOCATION: Gowanus CanalGROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -19.8


9.7

LOGGED BY: Lynn Willey

STR

ATADEPTH

FT.ANALYZED

SAMPLEID

SAMPLE INFO

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

PID(ppm)

TYPEandNO.


HEADSPACE)


NOTES:

1.5 - 2.1 ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~15% fine to coarse gravel,moderate petroleum-like odor, wet, black, layers of fine to coarsesand, ~10% leaves, moderate organic-like odor.

0 - 1.5 ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~15% fine to coarse gravel,moderate organic-like odor, wet, black, layers of fine to coarsesand, ~10% leaves.

S-1

GC-SED-71C(2.5-4)

GC-SED-71C(1.5-2.5)

555

169

1433

2100

TLO

TLO

NLO

TLO

NLO

NLO

TLO

PLO

OLO

NLO

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07BORING LOG

2.1 - 2.5 SILTY GRAVEL (GM); non plastic, ~15% silty fines,~15% organics, moderate tar-like odor, wet, black, wood, blackstaining, moderately coated with viscous tar.


DO

R





HEADSPACE)




RECIN.


CLIENT: KEYSPAN

PAGE1 of 2 GC-SED-71C

DATE START / END: 1/29/2006 - 1/29/2006



PENFT.

DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneTOTAL DEPTH (FT): 15.50EASTING: 631065.71NORTHING: 669593LOCATION: Gowanus Canal

DRILLING DETAILS: Direct Push / Vibra Core / Core Size: 3.625 in.LOGGED BY: Lynn Willey

15.5 178.8

9 - 10 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); layered, non plastic, finesand, silt, moderate tar-like odor, wet, brown to gray, vertical veinsof tar coated grains.

8.1 - 9 SILTY SAND (SM); non plastic, ~70% sand; fine, ~30%silty fines, slight naphthalene-like odor, wet, brown.

7.8 - 8.1 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); non plastic, ~95%sand; fine, <5% silt, moderate tar-like odor, wet, brown, sheen, tarcoated grains.

6.3 - 7.8 ORGANIC SOIL (OL); laminated, non plastic, organics,silt, moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, brown to gray, peat.

6 - 6.3 ORGANIC SOIL (OL); laminated, non plastic, organics,silt, moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, brown to gray, peat,sheen and staining.

3.6 - 6 SILT (ML); laminated, low plasticity, ~15% organics,moderate naphthalene-like odor, wet, gray, wood, moderately tarcoated fine sand layer at 5', sheen.

2.5 - 3.6 SILTY SAND (SM); homogeneous, non plastic, ~80%sand; fine, ~20% silty fines, moderate tar-like odor, wet, gray,clam shell, sheen, veins of moderately tar coated grains.

GROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -22.6

STR

ATA

SAMPLE INFOANALYZED

SAMPLEIDVI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS

PID(ppm)

TYPEandNO.

NOTES:

0

5

10

DEPTHFT.

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07BORING LOG

GC-SED-71C

13.3

PENFT.

GC-SED-71C(13.5-15)

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO


HEADSPACE)




OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN. ST

RA

TA


DEPTHFT.

10

15

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



2 of 2

TLO


15.2 - 15.5 NARROWLY GRADED SAND (SP); non plastic,~95% sand; fine, <5% silt, wet, brown.

12.75 - 15.2 SILT (ML); stratified, low plasticity, <5% fine sand,wet, brown.

12.25 - 12.75 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); non plastic, ~95%sand; fine to coarse, <5% silt, wet, gray.

10 - 12.25 WIDELY GRADED SAND (SW); layered, non plastic,fine sand, silt, moderate tar-like odor, wet, brown to gray.


15.0



DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East ZoneLOGGED BY: Matt O'Neil

5.5 - 10 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); ~30% sand; fine,moderate organic-like odor, wet, black, leaves, roots.

DEPTHFT.

0

5

10

S-1

NOTES:


0.5

24.9

GC-SED-72(0-2)

GC-SED-72(5.5-7)

PLO

114 0 - 5.5 NARROWLY GRADED GRAVEL (GP); coarse,subangular, max. size 1 in., slight petroleum-like odor, wet, black,moderate organic-like odor.

TYPEandNO.

OLO


PID(ppm)

BORING LOG

GC-SED-72BE

NV

IRO

NM

EN

TAL

BO

RIN

G L

OG

GO

WA

NU

S L

OG

S.G

PJ

GE

I CO

NS

ULT

AN

TS.G

DT

3/1

2/07

CLIENT: KEYSPAN



1 of 2


ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS



HEADSPACE)

OD

OR SOIL / BEDROCK

DESCRIPTIONRECIN.

PENFT.



DEPTHFT.

10

15

10 - 13.5 SILT WITH SAND (ML); lensed, ~30% sand; fine tomedium, wet.

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm)

5.8

132 GC-SED-72(13.5-14.5)

14.5 - 15 SILT WITH SAND (ML); lensed, ~30% sand; fine tomedium, wet.

13.5 - 14.5 SILT WITH SAND (ML); lensed, ~30% sand; fine tomedium, moderate tar-like odor, wet, lenses of moderately toheavily tar coated grains and blebs.TLO

ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

GEI PROJECT NUMBER: 061140-3GC-SED-72B

VISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

PAGE2 of 2CITY/STATE: Brooklyn, New York

BORING LOGPROJECT NAME: Gowanus Canal


CLIENT: KEYSPAN


SAMPLE INFO

STR

ATA


HEADSPACE)




OD

OR

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07

PENFT.

RECIN.

0 - 1 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); non plastic, ~20% fines; fine,moderate petroleum-like odor, wet, black, patchy sheen.

1 - 7.8 SANDY ORGANIC SOIL (OL); non plastic, ~20% fines;fine, moderate petroleum-like odor, wet, black, plastic debris at 4',wood at 6.2'.

7.8 - 8.8 SANDY SILT (ML); low plasticity, ~40% fines; fine, slightpetroleum-like odor, wet, black to gray.

8.8 - 10 CLAYEY SAND (SC); varved, medium plasticity, ~50%sand; fine, ~40% clayey fines, moderate tar-like odor, wet, gray,tar coated grains, sheens and blebs in varves.

EASTING: 633532

LOGGED BY: Matt O'Neil

S-1

TOTAL DEPTH (FT): 20.00

20.0

NORTHING: 671135.45LOCATION: Gowanus CanalGROUND SURFACE ELEVATION (FT): -5.08

DRILLING DETAILS: Direct Push / Vibra Core / Core Size: 3.625 in.DATE START / END: 12/15/2005 - 12/15/2005DATUM VERT. / HORZ.: NAVD 88 / NAD83 NY East Zone

PLO

24.9

28

19.4

51.4

GC-SED-86(0-1)

TLO

PLO

PLO


PAGE1 of 2

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07


BORING LOG

GC-SED-86




CLIENT: KEYSPAN

TYPEandNO.

ANALYZEDSAMPLE

IDVISU

AL

IMPA

CTS

NOTES:

0

5

10

DEPTHFT. PID

(ppm)


PENFT.

RECIN.


DO

R




HEADSPACE)

STR

ATA

SAMPLE INFO

DEPTHFT.

10 - 17 SANDY FAT CLAY (CH); varved, medium plasticity, ~50%fines; ~50% fine sand, moderate tar-like odor, wet, gray,moderately tar coated grains in sandy varves, sheen in clay.

NOTES:

TYPEandNO.

PID(ppm) VI

SUA

LIM

PAC

TS ANALYZEDSAMPLE

ID

10

15

20

52.3

49.7

1.4

0.6

GC-SED-86(10.5-11.5)


17 - 20 SANDY SILT (ML); homogeneous, low plasticity, ~65%fines; ~35% fine sand, wet, dark brown to gray.

TLO

GC-SED-86(18.5-19.5)

PROJECT NAME: Gowanus CanalBORING LOG

PAGE2 of 2

CLIENT: KEYSPAN

SAMPLE INFOGEI PROJECT NUMBER: 061140-3


RECIN. ST

RA

TA


HEADSPACE)




OD

OR

GC-SED-86

PENFT.

EN

VIR

ON

ME

NTA

L B

OR

ING

LO

G G

OW

AN

US

LO

GS

.GP

J G

EI C

ON

SU

LTA

NTS

.GD

T 3

/12/

07



Appendix B

Schedule

ID Task Name Duration Start Finish

1 Plan Submitted to USEPA 0 days Tue 4/24/12 Tue 4/24/12

2 USEPA Review/Comment 20 days Tue 4/24/12 Mon 5/21/12

3 Field Planning 30 days Tue 5/22/12 Mon 7/2/12

4 Sample Collection 5 days Tue 7/3/12 Mon 7/9/12

5 Initial Testing 15 days Tue 7/10/12 Mon 7/30/12

6 Preliminary Mix Testing 30 days Tue 7/31/12 Mon 9/10/12

7 ANS 16.1 Testing 15 days Tue 9/11/12 Mon 10/1/12

8 Review Results 20 days Tue 10/2/12 Mon 10/29/12

9 Letter Report 20 days Tue 10/30/12 Mon 11/26/12

10 Optimization Testing - TBD 60 days Tue 11/27/12 Mon 2/18/13

11 Pilot Testing - TBD 200 days Tue 2/19/13 Mon 11/25/13

4/24

Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov2013

Task

Split

Progress

Milestone

Summary

Project Summary

External Tasks

External Milestone

Deadline

Gowanus CanalISS Treatability Study

Page 1

Project: GC Treatability ScheduleDate: Tue 4/24/12


Appendix C

Project Team Resumes

Timothy Olean 1

Timothy Olean, Vice President

Education B.S. Engineering Management, University of Vermont, 1985 EIT – Rhode Island, 1989

Background/Technical Specialties

• Construction Management • Subcontractor Management & Cost Control for Remediation Construction • Remedial Alternative Development, Review & Selection • Remedial Alternative Cost Estimating • Remedial Design • In-Situ Solidification Design and Implementation Expertise • Constructability Review of Designs

Experience

Former Manufactured Gas Plant, New Bedford, MA. Lead ISS treatability and design task for this innovative sediment remediation project on the New Bedford Harbor waterfront. The project included creating an enclosed treatment cell using sheet pile to isolate an existing boat slip along the waterfront in this busy fishing town. Sediments impacted by historic upland MGP operations where then placed on top of existing impacted sediments within the slip and solidified using vertical auger ISS. Also provided constructability input and senior construction management support for the field work which included environmental dredging, extensive sheet pile installation and ISS. Former Manufactured Gas Plant, Huntsville, AL. Project Manager and Lead Environmental Consultant for site investigation and removal action design and implementation at a former MGP facility that is now the site of a public housing project. GEI assisted our client, a large southeast utility to negotiate and implement a time-critical removal action at the former MGP facility. GEI’s ability to devise an investigation strategy to minimize the time between the issuance of the Administrative Order on Consent (AOC) from the EPA to the implementation of the removal activity moved this project from design to removal action within a very short period of time. Managed all aspects of the project including investigation, design, regulatory negotiation, contractor selection and field remediation. GEI completed the investigation and design and had approval from USEPA to move ahead with the Removal Action field activities just seven months later and actual field work began a short two months after that. GEI managed contractor qualification review and selection. Close coordination and planning with the state, city, housing authority, local utilities and a major freight rail company was critical to allow for mobilization on such a tight schedule. During remediation GEI provided comprehensive Construction Management and oversight and acted as the primary contact with the contractor, local stakeholders and the on-site USEPA representative. The project was completed on schedule for completion prior to the deadline set in the USEPA approved project schedule and at the budget costs established at the initiation of the project.

Expert Testimony MGP Project Mediation, IN. Provided expert testimony in support of our client to defend against a multimillion dollar contractor claim related to in-situ solidification on a former MGP site. Knowledge of the process, bidding and typical ISS contractor site operations helped the client successfully defend the claim and avoid incurring the vast majority of the original claim value.

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East Hartford Flood Control Levee Upgrades, East Hartford, CT. Provided senior oversight and project management for construction administration, contractor oversight and quality assurance testing and inspection on a project to improve the East Hartford Levee system along the Connecticut River. Improvements included the construction of a low permeability soil/bentonite cut off wall through the center of the existing levee to control groundwater flow beneath the levee. The 65' deep wall was installed through the centerline of the crest of the levee and extended 3,763 feet. The work also included the installation of over 460 linear feet of steel sheet pile cutoff wall, improvements and maintenance to existing concrete floodwalls, installation and improvements to access roads and the replacement of a 100' concrete retaining wall constructed at the landside toe of the earthen levee bank. Managed full-time, on-site construction oversight and quality assurance personnel. GEI's tasks included contractor coordination, communications management, documentation and stakeholder management. GEI managed all contractor requests for information and assisted the Town in evaluating and negotiated changes in conditions or design changes. Weekly meetings were held and GEI provided regular status updates to the Town, CT DEP and the USACE. In addition to contractor oversight, GEI also performed quality assurance testing and inspection for slurry wall construction, soil backfill requirements, concrete construction and existing flood wall repair activities. GEI documented all QA results for compilation into the USACE required completion documentation.

Bay Shore MGP, Operable Unit 3 (OU-3) LIRR Excavation IRM, Bay Shore, NY. Project Manager for completion of design and construction. Provided senior construction oversight and constructability review for remediation of a former MGP site. Project included two phases and consisted of temporally relocated approximately 600 lf of an active LIRR commuter line for remediation activities. Excavation of H-fuel like material was performed in the “wet” and inside pre-designed sheet piling. Responsible for developing contractor bidding strategy and assisting client in negotiating costs. Provided review, screening and negotiation of potential change orders and claims. Monitored cost and schedule and reviewed monthly contractor invoices. Worked closely with the Grid project team to coordinate support services including community air monitoring, noise and vibration monitoring, structural inspections and improvements, fencing and surveying. Due to the sensitive nature of working in this community, the project required intense coordination and communication with the remediation contractor, the LIRR, NYDEC and with National Grid’s project team, legal team and community relations personnel.

Brookhaven National Laboratories, Long Island, NY. Provided constructability review and contractor procurement support for the remediation of impacted sediments in the Peconic River. Provided senior construction oversight during the three month sediment remediation project in this environmentally sensitive river. The project included diversion of the river, water treatment, sediment removal and stabilization, and transport of impacted sediments by rail to the approved disposal facility.

Gowanus Canal, Brooklyn NY. Provide senior constructability input to client, legal and technical team to evaluate potential sediment remedial options for this highly visible urban waterway.

Bay Shore MGP, Operable Unit 1 (OU-1), Bay Shore, NY. Provided senior construction oversight and constructability review for remediation of a former MGP site. Provided pre-planning constructability input and contractor procurement support prior to field work. Excavation of H-fuel like material was performed in the “wet” utilizing slide rail shoring systems. The excavation was bordered on one side with existing Waterloo sheet piling filled with grout as well as active Oxygen and Chemical injection systems. Remediation goal was to excavate to -10’ BGS while not impacting any of these systems. Approximately 1200 cubic yards of material were removed and shipped offsite for thermal desorption.

Bay Shore MGP, Operable Unit 4 (OU-4) Up Gradient IRM, Bay Shore, NY. Provided senior construction oversight and constructability review for remediation of a former MGP site. Provided pre-planning constructability input and contractor procurement support prior to field work planned for 2nd quarter 2010.The remediation goal is to first demolish a structure, remove “hot spot” material using open excavation and slide rail shoring techniques. The project will also include the set-up, use and maintenance of a

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200 GPM water treatment system. This remediation takes place in a sensitive residential area where noise and vibration monitoring will be conducted throughout the project as well as structural assessment of neighboring properties and buildings. Former Manufactured Gas Plant, Sag Harbor, NY. Provided senior construction oversight and constructability review for remediation of a former MGP site located in a densely urbanized and sensitive community in NY. Provided on-going constructability throughout design, including the development of an in-situ solidification (ISS) wall concept. Responsible for developing contractor bidding strategy and assisting client in reviewing contractor bids and negotiating final costs. Provided review, screening and negotiation of potential change orders and claims. Monitored cost and schedule and reviewed monthly contractor invoices. The multimillion dollar contract included managing an integrated project team for community management, design, construction management, natural resources, vibration monitoring, and air monitoring services. Community management included developing a unified team—one common goal approach with regulatory and municipality authorities resulting in reduction of construction schedule from two years to one year, year-long street closure permits, and public access for staging areas. Innovative design including ISS soil mix wall system coupled with excavation resulting in significant cost and time savings during remedy implementation. Project involved oversight of QA/QC associated with ISS. Project involved conducting an extensive dewatering and water management evaluation to manage approximately 1MGPD of water discharge for 6 months. A 3,700 foot subaqueous pipeline was designed and installed to prevent treated groundwater (1MGPD) from lowering the salinity in the local marine environment of the harbor. Project also received an award of merit: Environmental from Best of New York Construction 2009. EPRI – In-Situ Solidification of Sediments White Paper Research. Retained by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) to evaluate and report on the feasibility of performing ISS on sediments impacted with MGP residuals. Research evaluated past work completed on ISS and developed a framework for performing future pilot studies to further evaluate the potential for this innovative technology. Paper published by EPRI in December 2010. Southern Utility Company, Multi-Site Utility Remediation Outsource Program, GA & FL. Managed all field construction and remediation for $85,000,000 outsource program for Georgia utility. Project involves multi-site cleanup at various former manufactured gas plants throughout Georgia and Florida. Remediation technologies included excavation, in-situ treatment, In-Situ Solidification and containment and collection. Coordinate remedy selection, budgeting, design completion efforts, bidding, contractor negotiation, field staffing and site management. Negotiated with contractors to reduce original bid costs by over 25% by understanding the scope of work and by completing detailed cost estimates independent of the contractor. Successfully completed remediation fieldwork with minimal change orders and no claims. Overhauled company design and bid packages for clarity and claims avoidance. Established project controls guidelines implemented during construction including the creation and roll-out of a Web-based daily report and cost tracking function. Acted as a senior member of the program management team to set strategy and provide planning. Worked closely with client’s counsel in developing access and remediation agreements with impacted landowners. MGP Remediation, Hudson River, NY. Project Manager for $10,000,000 two phase MGP remediation project on the banks of the Hudson River in southeast New York. Provided constructability throughout design, including the development of an in-situ solidification (ISS) auger mix and jet grout scope and design. Responsible for developing contractor bidding strategy and assisting client in reviewing contractor bids and negotiating final costs. Provided review, screening and negotiation of potential change orders and claims. Monitored cost and schedule and reviewed monthly contractor invoices. Work included in situ solidification (ISS) of MGP impacts close to the river and excavation and off site thermal desorption of impacted soils in upland areas. The project was the first major ISS project at an MGP site in New York. Soils were treated in place by mixing the soils with a reagent slurry consisting of water, Portland cement and bentonite. The reagent mix was determined through bench top treatability testing. The slurry was injected into the soil and mixed with a hydraulic, track mounted mixing rig. Jet grouting was also used to solidify areas where the auger rig could not access. Approximately 25,000 tons of impacted soils and several historic below grade MGP

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structures were removed from the upland portion of the site under a temporary fabric structure and approximately. 10,000 tons of soil was solidified through ISS. During design provided constructability input and evaluation of potential risk areas to minimize schedule impacts and the incidence of change orders and claims. The project was completed on budget and over one month ahead of schedule despite the excavation of an additional 3,000 tons of impacted soils. Environmental from Best of New York Construction 2007. Former Manufactured Gas Plant, Sanford, FL. Wrote and implemented treatability study for large ISS project in central Florida. Developed work plan and obtained approval for treatability study from USEPA. Negotiated favorable performance standards with EPA by convincing agency that non-destructive testing(TCLP & SPLP) are not appropriate and representative of actual ISS long term performance. Managed sample collection and data management and strategy for multi phase testing program to optimize ISS mix design variables. Implemented testing and developed cost effective mix designs to allow for competitive bidding for ISS of over 100,000 cy. Former Manufactured Gas Plant, Cambridge, MA. Developed plans, specifications and subcontractor bidding documents for $10,000,000 in situ solidification (ISS) remedy to address DNAPL & LNAPL contamination, the first major ISS project on an MGP site in the northeast. The project involved the in situ blending of NAPL and native soils (> 100,000 cy) with a designed reagent mix to achieve pre-designated physical and chemical properties to insure immobilization of contaminants. Responsible for overseeing stabilization contractor’s compliance with mix parameters and compiling quality control data to demonstrate remediation goals have been met. Former Northeast Refinery. Estimator and Project manager for a large-scale stabilization/solidification. Stabilized approximately 8,000 tons of off-specification asphalt material collected in shallow lagoons. Performed in situ stabilization using excavator mounted blender attachment and lime kiln dust reagent. Utility Company, MGP Remediation, Rahway, NJ. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection. Oversaw and managed pre-design investigation and design. Developed bidding documents and assisted client in final contractor selection and negotiation. Oversaw extensive State of NJ and local permitting effort related to remediation implementation. Project involved the remediation of soils adjacent to an industrial stream in an urban New Jersey neighborhood. Rail Yard Remediation, Washington. Senior Constructability Reviewer for this multi year $50,000,000 remediation of a fuel oil plume under a rural riverfront town. Provided remediation strategy, construction sequencing, design review, bid document review and contractor selection strategy. The remedy includes a large groundwater containment/funnel and gate wall, relocation of several residences and business, extensive soil excavation, sediment removal from a pristine river and riverbank and habitat restoration. Refinery Remediation, VA. Senior Constructability Reviewer and Construction Oversight for a multi-phase $25,000,000 refinery remediation project. Provided remediation strategy, construction sequencing, regulatory communication, treatability design, design review, bid document review and contractor selection and negotiation. Also provided construction management support during remedial activities. The remedy includes utility relocation, Corrective Action Management Unit construction, excavation, waste solidification and relocation and final capping and restoration. Large-Scale Urban Brownfield Development Site. Provided environmental oversight and air monitoring program management for remediation of this former manufactured gas plant site. Remediation activities include the excavation and disposal of over 250,000 cy of impacted soil. Managed soil tracking and documentation system. Responsible for overseeing remediation contractor’s adherence to specifications, environmental regulations and local agencies site-specific requirements. Former Chrome Plating Facility – Superfund Site. Cost Estimator and Project Manager for plating plant decommissioning, decontamination demolition and installation a reactive barrier remediation system at a

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former chrome plating facility. Coordinated disposal for over 50 separate waste streams. Managed on-site activities and coordination with EPA, DEP and local officials. Constructability Reviews, Various Locations. Performed constructability reviews during design phase for large and small-scale remedial construction projects. Specific projects include:

• River sediment removal and remediation project in Northern Indiana • Barrier wall and collection system installation at former MGP site in Northern Illinois • Barrier wall and collection system installation in Western Massachusetts • PCB Removal Project in Pennsylvania • Wood treating sludge/sediment Removal from creek in Alabama • ISS project at former wood treating site in Seattle, WA • Installation of in-situ barrier wall along river bank in York, PA

USACE, Low Level Radioactive Waste Remediation Project. Provided costs estimation and change order management and negotiation on this New Jersey soil excavation and disposal project. Large Northeast Telephone Utility, Northeast U.S. Estimator and Project Manager for the removal replacement and associated environmental clean up of over 40 telephone company underground storage tanks with a total project value of over $3,000,000. Individual projects ranged in dollar value to $400,000 in both rural and inner city sites. Northeast University, UST removal, replacement and upgrade program, Massachusetts. Provided assessment of existing systems and design of recommended upgrade and/or replacement of 29 USTS at this urban historic campus. Completed design, permitting and the oversight of construction and any associated site remediation. Three Eastern Massachusetts Municipalities, Massachusetts. Created comprehensive bid packages for three municipal UST removal and replacement projects including the generation of specifications, design drawings and contract documents, affordable housing units, and associated site remediation.

Publications Co-author, In Situ Solidification – A Case Study at a Former Manufactured Gas Plant in Macon, GA. Remediation Journal, Spring 2004.

Author/Presenter, Manufactured Gas Plant Site Remediation and Redevelopment Using In Situ Technologies. Gasworks Europe Conference, Dresden Germany, March 2008. Author, Technology Development Need for Application of In-Situ Stabilization and Solidification to Contaminated Sediments. EPRI Publication # 1021213, December 2010.

Melissa Felter 1

Melissa Felter, Geologist

Education

Background

Experience

Fulton Municipal Works MGP Site, Brooklyn, New York [National Grid]. Field Team Leader for a Remedial Investigation at the former MGP site located within a commercial-industrial area of New York City. Implemented RI work plan, including soil boring and monitoring well, and soil and groundwater sampling. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC.

Carroll Gardens/Public Place Site (Former Citizens Gas Works MGP), Brooklyn, New York [National Grid]. Field Team Leader for a Remedial Investigation and Supplemental Remedial Investigations at the former MGP site located within a residential/commercial-industrial area of New York City. Implemented RI and SRI work plans, including soil boring and monitoring well installation using innovative drilling techniques, and soil and groundwater sampling. Installed and sampled soil vapor points at the site and beneath an occupied building in accordance with the NYSDOH guidance. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC. Evaluated site data, including contaminant distribution, third party PRP impacts and final report preparation.

Gowanus Canal Sediment Remedial Investigation, Brooklyn, New York [National Grid]. Field Team Leader for a Sediment Remedial Investigation within residential/commercial-industrial area of New York City. Implemented RI work plan, including bathymetry, outfall and bulkhead reconnaissance, sediment coring, outfall sampling, surface water sampling, soil boring installation, and sediment and soil sampling, including forensic sampling. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC. Worked on a PRP evaluation and site data analysis, including contaminant distribution and report preparation. Evaluated contaminant distribution, and associated PRP impacts within the canal. Currently preparing the sediment RI report.

Nassau Gas Works Former MGP, Brooklyn, New York [National Grid]. Field technician for a Remedial Investigation at a former MGP site located at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in New York City. Implemented RI work plan, including soil boring and monitoring well installation using innovative drilling techniques, and soil and groundwater sampling, including forensic analysis o fsoils. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC. Evaluated site data analysis, including contaminant distribution and third party impacts.

Clifton Former MGP, Staten Island, New York [National Grid]. Field technician for a Supplemental Remedial Investigation at a former MGP site located in New York City. Implemented the SRI work plan,

B.S., Cum Laude, Susquehanna University, Environmental Science and Geology, Water Resources Emphasis, 2001

Mrs. Felter is a geologist with GEI. Her responsibilities include data collection and evaluation, planning document preparation, and report preparation for investigation and remediation of waste sites. Her primary focus is former manufactured gas plant (MGP) sites. Mrs. Felter has led or participated in the investigation of twenty one manufactured gas plants in New York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Pennsylvania and New Hampshire.

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including soil boring and monitoring well installation, and soil and groundwater sampling. Soil vapor and indoor air evaluation is scheduled for first quarter 2007.

Bay Shore Former MGP, Bay Shore, New York [National Grid]. Field technician for Supplemental Remedial Investigations at a former MGP site located in Bay Shore, New York. Implemented SRI work plans, including soil boring installation, soil sampling, groundwater sampling from temporary Geoprobe well points, soil vapor sampling, ambient air sampling and indoor air sampling at residences. Worked on site data analysis, including contaminant distribution and report preparation.

Manchester Former MGP, Merrimack River Sampling, Manchester, New Hampshire [National Grid]. Field technician for sediment sampling in the Merrimack River adjacent to the Manchester Former MGP in Manchester, New Hampshire.

Groundwater Modeling for In-Situ Chemical Oxidation, Bay Shore Former MGP, Bay Shore, New York [National Grid]. Preformed groundwater modeling using Visual MODFLOW™ to estimate distribution of injected oxidant in groundwater over time, for design of pilot test to reduce BTEX concentrations by chemical oxidation. Performed variable-density solute transport modeling. Modeled various injection concentrations/rates to predict the extent of in-situ treatment.Created graphic animations.

Groundwater Modeling for Funnel-and-Gate, Bay Shore Former MGP, Bay Shore, New York [National Grid]. Performed groundwater modeling using Visual MODFLOW™ to minimize adverse effects of a sheetpile DNAPL containment wall on groundwater flow. Performed modeling of various gate opening sizes to minimize underflow caused groundwater mounding. Modeled various sheetpile alignments allowable by land use constraints. Quantified upgradient capture zones and flux through and around the system.

Former MGP, Whitehall, New York. Field Team Leader for a Remedial Investigation at the former MGP site located within a residential/commercial-industrial area of Whitehall. Implemented RI work plan, including soil boring and monitoring well installation, and soil and groundwater sampling. Installed and sampled soil vapor points at the site in accordance with the NYSDOH guidance. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC.

Former MGP, Manhattan, New York. Field technician for a Remedial Investigation at a 3 former MGP sites located in New York City. Implemented RI work plan, including soil boring and monitoring well installation, soil sampling, soil vapor sampling, ambient air sampling and indoor air sampling. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC. Worked on site data analysis, including contaminant distribution and report preparation.

Manufactured Gas Plant Site Briefing Book [National Grid]. Prepared site summaries detailing site history, regulatory status, and other issues, for over 100 MGP sites in Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Pennsylvania.

Brownfield Cleanup Program Applications, New York [National Grid]. Prepared Brownfield Cleanup Program applications for 28 sites in New York City and Long Island, NY.

Evaluation of Former MGP Sites, New England [National Grid]. Prepared a due diligence evaluation of more than 90 former MGP sites in New England. The review included a historical summary of former MGP operations, current site conditions, and regulatory status.

Former Holder Station in Bronx, New York. Field technician for a Site Characterization at a former holder station site located in Bronx, New York. Implemented Site Characterization work plan, including soil boring and monitoring well installation, and soil sampling. Worked on site data analysis, including cross-section and contaminant distribution and report preparation.

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Former MGP, Plattsburgh, New York. Field Team Leader for a Feasibility Study in Lake Champlain, adjacent to a former MGP. Implemented Feasibility Study work plan including sediment probing and coring, bathymetry, underwater video, and forensic sampling. Worked on site data analysis, including contaminant distribution and data presentation.

Former MGP, Haverstraw, New York. Field team leader for a Supplemental IRM at a former MGP site located in Haverstraw, New York. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of NYSDEC. Implemented SIRM work plan, including soil boring and in-situ chemical oxidation injection well installation, and soil sampling. Also a field technician for a supplemental remedial investigation at a former MGP site. Implemented SRI work plan, including soil boring and monitoring well installation, and soil sampling.

Former MGP, Scranton, Pennsylvania. Field Team Leader for an Initial Site Assessment Characterization at a former MGP located in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Coordinated on-site contractors and health and safety activities under the supervision of the PADEP. Implemented the work plan, including test pits, soil borings and monitoring well installation, and soil sampling. Completed site data analysis, contaminant distribution, and report preparation.

Phase I Environmental Site Assessment, Plainfield, Connecticut. Performed a Phase I environmental site assessment and environmental conditions assessment form following ASTM and CT Transfer Act standards for an industrial site in Plainfield, Connecticut. Completed the site inspection, file reviews, and report preparation.

Construction Oversight, Metro North Station, Westport, Connecticut. Performed oversight of hazardous material during construction of a pedestrian tunnel under the railroad tracks. Duties included collecting soil samples and oversight of waste removal.

Perimeter Air Monitoring for the Adriaen’s Landing Redevelopment Project, Hartford, Connecticut. Performed perimeter air monitoring during excavations of a former MGP site using various real-time and automatic logging instruments. Prepared report and data summary providing comparison of data against specified action levels. Sampling involved patented AirLogics technology, high volume sampling following EPA and NIOSH methods, walk around perimeter monitoring using hand-held instruments and management and maintenance of multiple MS Access databases.

Perimeter Air Monitoring at the Easthampton MGP Site, Easthampton, Massachusetts. Performed perimeter air monitoring during excavations using patented AirLogics technology and high volume sampling following EPA methods. Prepared report and data summary providing comparison of data against specified action levels.

Air Monitoring at the Shelly Ditch EPA Superfund Site, Crawfordsville, Indiana. Responsible for the air monitoring during the remediation of PCB and lead contaminated soil using real-time and time-weighted average (TWA) methods. Also, assisted the site supervisor with the direct oversight of all abatement activities - oversight of reconstruction of a county drainage ditch including all supporting structures and maintaining accurate records of material disposal.

Landfill Stormwater Monitoring, Various Sites. Duties include collection of yearly storm water samples at various landfills and a factory.

Groundwater Sampling, Various Sites. Collected groundwater samples at a DOT facility in Thompson, Connecticut and Landfills in Montville and North Stonington, Connecticut. Duties include collection of quarterly groundwater and residential well samples.

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Other Related Experience

US Geological Survey, Water Resources Division in Baltimore, Maryland. Organized the collection of groundwater samples from small public water suppliers susceptible to contamination by enteric viruses in Baltimore, Harford, Worcester and Wicomico Counties, MD. Performed data management and summary using a UNIX based database.

Training

• OSHA 40-Hour HAZWOPER Training, 2001 • OSHA 8-Hour HAZWOPER Refresher, 2008 • OSHA Site Supervisor Training, 2003 • OSHA Construction Safety and Health, 2003 • Construction Management Training, GEI, 2003 • The Groundwater Pollution and Hydrology Course, Princeton Groundwater, Inc., 2003 • The MODFLOW Course, National Groundwater Association, 2005

in-situ solidification treatability study work plan

Documents