Installation Restoration Site 28

In Situ Abiotic / Biotic Treatability StudyI l t tiImplementation

RAB Meeting November 18 2010November 18, 2010

Former Naval Air Station Moffett Field, Moffett Field, California

Site 28 Area

2

IR Site 28 Treatability Study

Purpose of Treatability Study (TS)Determine if in situ anaerobic biotic or combined abiotic/biotic treatment technologies are viable for remediating the remaining chlorinated ethenes (CEs) present in the upper and g ( ) p pplower portions of the A-aquifer at IR Site 28.

Treatability Study MethodConduct separate pilot tests in areas of highest CE concentrations at three areas of interest (Former Building 88, Traffic Island, and Well W9-18).

Stage 1: Hot Spot Characterization

Stage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

Stage 1: Hot Spot Characterization

Hot Spot DelineationHot Spot DelineationFurther define lateral and vertical distribution of high concentration chlorinated ethenes (CEs) in the three areas of interest.

Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) InvestigationEvaluate whether PCE DNAPLs are present in the Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area

Stage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

Evaluate Two Processes/Three Treatment Technologies Separately:Separately:

In Situ Anaerobic Biostimulation with Bioaugmentation Process

Sodium Lactate (Wilclear®) & Dechlorinating Microbial Consortium (SDC-9™)Sodium Lactate (Wilclear ) & Dechlorinating Microbial Consortium (SDC 9 )

Emulsified Vegetable Oil (LactOil™) & SDC-9™

In Situ Anaerobic Biotic/Abiotic Degradation Process

Zero-valent iron with controlled-release carbon (EHC®)

Concurrent Pilot Tests in Three High Concentration Areas:

Traffic Island Area (LactOil™ & SDC-9™)

Building 88 Area (Wilclear® & SDC-9™)

Well W9-18 Area (EHC®)

Site 28 Pilot Test Area

6

ISABB - Emulsified OilISABB - Emulsified Oil & SDC-9™

ISABA - EHC®

ISABB - Lactate & SDC-9™

IR Site 28 Treatability Study Implementation

Stage 1: Hot Spot CharacterizationStage 1: Hot Spot Characterization

March and April 2010p

Hot Spot Delineation

DNAPL Investigation

Hot Spot Delineation

Goal: Further define lateral and vertical distribution ofGoal: Further define lateral and vertical distribution of high concentration chlorinated ethenes (CEs)

• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP) Testing

o Total depth of 65 feet below ground surface

o 19 locations in Traffic Island Area

o 12 locations in Former Building 88 Area

o 4 locations in Well W9-18 Area

MIP Test Locations

Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)

11

MIP Installation

12

MIP Installation

13

Typical MIP Log

14

ECD PID FID

DNAPL Investigation

Goal: Evaluate for the potential presence of PCE DNAPLs in the Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area

• Continuous Soil Cores

o Adjacent to MIP test with greatest detector responses

o Visual observation and PID scanning

o Select OilScreenSoil (Sudan IV)® Screening Tests

• H d h bi Fl ibl M b T ti• Hydrophobic Flexible Membrane Testingo NAPL FLUTeTM Liner

o Adjacent to continuous soil coreso Adjacent to continuous soil cores

• 1 location in Former Bldg 88 Area; 2 locations in Traffic Island Area

• Maximum depth of 65 feet below ground surface

• No evidence of DNAPLs encountered

Soil Core & NAPL FLUTe™ Test Locations

OilScreenSoil (Sudan IV)® Test

17

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner

18

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Deployment

19

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Dilation

20

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Removal

21

NAPL FLUTe™ - Protective Liner Removal

22

NAPL FLUTe™ Liner Inspection – No Staining

23

Emulsified Oil & SDC-9™Emulsified Oil & SDC 9

EHC®

Lactate & SDC-9™

Observation Well Network &Observation Well Network & Injection Grid Layout

Former Building 88 Area Cross-Section

GW flow direction

Well W9-18 Area Cross-Section

GW flow directionGW flow direction

Traffic Island Area Cross-Section

GW flow direction

IR Site 28 Treatability Study Implementation

Stage 2: Treatment Pilot TestsStage 2: Treatment Pilot Tests

July and August 2010y g

Observation Well Network Installation

Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Event

Substrate Preparation

Substrate Injection Substrate Injection

Post-Injection Performance Monitoring

Observation Well Network Installation – June 2010

29

Well Installation – Traffic Island

30

Baseline Groundwater Monitoring Event - July 2010

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Monitoring Parameters

• VOC• VOCs

PCE, TCE, DCE, VC, Ethene, Ethane, Acetylene

• Bi h i l I di t• Biogeochemical Indicators DO, Nitrate, Arsenic, Manganese, Iron, Sulfate, Methane

• Organic Substrate Indicators• Organic Substrate Indicators

TOC, Alkalinity, and Volatile Fatty Acids

• Physical• PhysicalpH, ORP, Specific Conductance, Turbidity, Temperature

• BiologicalBiologicalDehalococcoides sp

Bldg 88 Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L

GW flow direction

27 279 3 002 3 04927,279 3,002 3,049

4,306 3,764 4,521

Traffic Island Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L

GW flow direction

8724,1091,759

751469476

18,2453,614311

3432,9504,62336,125

Well W9-18 Area - Total Chlorinated Ethenes, µg/L

GW flow direction

3,158 6,375 3,049

2,381 2,727 7,816

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Substrate Mixing Tank – Former Bldg 88 Area

36

Substrate Preparation

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Substrate Mixing Tank – Traffic Island Area

38

Bioaugmentation

Addition of dechlorinatingi bi l ti t b t hmicrobial consortium to batch

mixing tank

Shaws Patented SDC-9™Shaws Patented SDC 9

Contains Dehalococcoides sp

Naturally occurring microbes (not engineered)

Injected at hundreds of sitesInjected at hundreds of sites

Native to California

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Injected at Former Building 88 Area and Traffic Island Area

Batch Tank – Traffic Island Area

Substrate Injection

Substrate Injection – Traffic Island

42

Substrate Injection Rigs

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Substrate Injection – Traffic Island

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Substrate Injection Tool

Pressure Activated Injection

Wilclear® & SDC-9™ Injection – Former Bldg 88 Area

• Original estimated sodium lactate demand for t t t 1 060 lb (i l 4 ti f t f t )treatment area ~1,060 lbs (incl. 4 times safety factor)

• Due to anticipated high pH replaced 184 lbs of lactate i h 55 lb f l i idwith 55 lbs of lactic acid

• 876 lbs of lactate with 55 lbs of lactic acid injected

• ~8,000 gallons of pre-treated GW from WATS injected

• 34 L of SDC-9 injected to generate a target concentration of 1x107 cells DHC/liter

• 10 points, 35 to 60 ft bgs

Injection Layout – Former Bldg 88 Area

LactOil™ & SDC-9™ Injection – Traffic Island Area

• Target concentration of 8 000 mg/L emulsifiedTarget concentration of 8,000 mg/L emulsified vegetable oil in GW

• 3 190 gallons of LactOil™ injected3,190 gallons of LactOil injected

• ~28,000 gallons of pre-treated GW from WATS injected

• 119 L of SDC-9™ injected to generate a target concentration of 1x107 cells DHC/liter

• 15 points, 10 to 65 ft bgs

Injection Layout – Traffic Island Area

10 to 55 ft bgs intervalg

Injection Layout – Traffic Island Area

55 to 65 ft bgs intervalg

EHC® Injection – Well W9-18 Area

• Original target ~0.3% of EHC® by soil massOriginal target 0.3% of EHC by soil mass (~4,000 lbs EHC®)

• Doubled the dose to ~8,000 lbs EHC® based onDoubled the dose to 8,000 lbs EHC based on IR Site 26 results

• ~8 000 lbs of EHC® injected~8,000 lbs of EHC® injected

• ~2,500 gallons of hydrant water injected

• No bioaugmentation with SDC-9™

• 4 points 10 to 30 ft bgs• 4 points, 10 to 30 ft bgs

Injection Layout – Well W9-18 Area

Post-Injection

Performance Groundwater Monitoring

• 5 post–injection events:

g

p j August 2010

early November 2010

late January 2010

mid April 2011

late June 2011

•All 24 observation wells + 3 monitoring wells

•Same analytical parameters as baseline event VOCs, Biogeochemical Indicators, Organic Substrate Indicators, Physical, and Biological

pH in Treatability Study Areas

W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island

Treatability Study Wells

10.010.511.0

HTraffic Island - Emulsified Oil

pH

28OW-13

28OW-14

28OW-15

28OW-01 28OW-02

28OW-03 28OW-04

28OW-05 28OW-067.58.08.59.09.5

dard

Uni

ts fo

r pH

28OW-16

28OW-17

28OW-18

28OW-07 28OW-08

28OW-09 28OW-10

28OW-11 28OW-125.05.56.06.57.0

Stan

d

W9-18W9-29 W9-42

W9-18 Area - EHC®pH

8 0

Building 88 - LactatepH

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)

10

11

12

or p

H

p

7.0

7.5

8.0

s fo

r pH

7

8

9St

anda

rd U

nits

fo

5 5

6.0

6.5

Stan

dard

Uni

ts

5

6

0 20 40 60 80 100

S

Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)

5.0

5.5

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

ORP in Treatability Study Areas

W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island

Treatability Study Wells200

300

Traffic Island - Emulsified OilOxidation-Reduction Potential

28OW-13

28OW-14

28OW-15

28OW-01 28OW-02

28OW-03 28OW-04

28OW-05 28OW-06-100

0

100

mill

iVol

ts

28OW-16

28OW-17

28OW-18

28OW-07 28OW-08

28OW-09 28OW-10

28OW-11 28OW-12-400

-300

-200

W9-18W9-29 W9-42

W9-18 Area - EHC®Oxidation-Reduction Potential

300

Building 88 - LactateOxidation-Reduction Potential

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)

100

200

300

olts

100

200

300

olts

-200

-100

0m

illiV

o

-200

-100

0

mill

iVo

56

-400

-300

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)

-400

-300

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

DO in Treatability Study Areas

W9-18Bldg 88Traffic Island

Treatability Study Wells

2.0

2.5

g/L)

Traffic Island - Emulsified OilDissolved Oxygen

28OW-13

28OW-14

28OW-15

28OW-01 28OW-02

28OW-03 28OW-04

28OW-05 28OW-061.0

1.5

once

ntra

tion

(mg

28OW-16

28OW-17

28OW-18

28OW-07 28OW-08

28OW-09 28OW-10

28OW-11 28OW-120.0

0.5

Co

W9-18W9-29 W9-42

W9-18 Area - EHC®Dissolved Oxygen

1 8

Building 88 ‐ LactateDissolved Oxygen

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 16, 2010)

2.5

3.0

3.5

(mg/

L)1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

(mg/L)

1.0

1.5

2.0

Con

cent

ratio

n (

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Concen

tration 

57

0.0

0.5

0 20 40 60 80 100Days (Day 0 = August 24, 2010)

0.0

0.2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120Days (Day 0 = August 2, 2010)

Questions ?