in both conditions

In both conditions, it is principally related to the cellular growth and shear/load bearing. In the case of t itanium and Ti-alloy , as it is biocompatable (i.e. it is inert to body fluid and allows bone on-growth) it offers a good platform for the bone tissue to attach to the metal (due primarily to its high dielectric constant). Th e topography process does two things, a) it enhances the surface energy of the titanium by developing a larger surface area, which results in increased van der wa a ls interactions at the interface. This has been linked to improved cell on-growth and proliferation. b) Secondly , topography also offers a shear/load support platform to translate the load to the tissue. Increased load translation has been linked to increase tissue activity, and reinforcement of structure around the material interface. In the case of coatings, these are generally deposited to control the level of on-growth and sometimes to offer a platform for cellular in-growth ( l ike plasma deposited Ti beading). Considering the former, by changing the composition of the coating, the bone progression front can be augmented to move slowly (HA) or quickly (TCP, TTCP). The science world is a little divided on which method is best, to get early fixation (fast) or quality fixation (slow), hence the reality is the bio-medical/bio-ceramics/bio-engineering world have moved on and are beginning to use coatings of many compositions (both stable and unstable), and doping/soaking these coatings with medicine, proteins or growth factors. The reason for the effectiveness of the coatings, is the dissolution of the coating while , body resulting in the release of favorable ions to induce/entice cellular actively bone tissue growth. The ions release rate is depend on the level of crystalline and amorphous material, and will directly affect the rate of bone growth. Overall , if the material is doped/soaked , the doping agent is release d with dissolution of the receding coatings, and will only affect the localized area.

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In both conditions, it is principally related to the cellular growth and shear/load

bearing.

In the case of titanium and Ti-alloy, as it is biocompatable (i.e. it is inert to body

fluid and allows bone on-growth) it offers a good platform for the bone tissue to

attach to the metal (due primarily to its high dielectric constant).

The topography process does two things,

a) it enhances the surface energy of the titanium by developing a larger surface

area, which results in increased van der waals interactions at the interface.

This has been linked to improved cell on-growth and proliferation.

b) Secondly, topography also offers a shear/load support platform to translate

the load to the tissue. Increased load translation has been linked to increase

tissue activity, and reinforcement of structure around the material interface.

In the case of coatings, these are generally deposited to control the level of on-

growth and sometimes to offer a platform for cellular in-growth (like plasma

deposited Ti beading). Considering the former, by changing the composition of

the coating, the bone progression front can be augmented to move slowly (HA) or

quickly (TCP, TTCP).

The science world is a little divided on which method is best, to get early fixation

(fast) or quality fixation (slow), hence the reality is the bio-medical/bio-

ceramics/bio-engineering world have moved on and are beginning to use

coatings of many compositions (both stable and unstable), and doping/soaking

these coatings with medicine, proteins or growth factors. The reason for the

effectiveness of the coatings, is the dissolution of the coating while, body

resulting in the release of favorable ions to induce/entice cellular actively bone

tissue growth. The ions release rate is depend on the level of crystalline and

amorphous material, and will directly affect the rate of bone growth.

Overall, if the material is doped/soaked, the doping agent is released with

dissolution of the receding coatings, and will only affect the localized area.

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