implemen'ng content-based language instruc'on in your ......implemen'ng content-based...
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Implemen'ngContent-BasedLanguageInstruc'oninyourClassroom
Thissessionwillfocusontheneedsofteacherswhoarecurrentlyusingorinterestedincontent-basedlanguageinstruc'on(CBI)intheclassroom.
Par$cipantswill:• learnbasicCBIconceptsandexaminemethodstoconnectandintegratecontentlearning
andlanguageinstruc'on• examinesamplematerialsandconsiderhowbesttostructurelessons.• discusshowtosimplifycontenttomakedifficultideaseasiertounderstand• exploretheneedforaCen'ontosubject-specificacademicvocabulary• thinkaboutdifferentmodelsforassessingstudentworkinthesecontexts
JoeMcVeigh
JoeMcVeighteachesatSaintMichael’sCollegeinVermont,inthenortheasternUnitedStates.Joehasworkedpreviouslyatuniversi'esinCaliforniaandoverseas.HeistheauthorofseveraltextbooksforEnglishlanguagestudents.HeservesontheBoardofDirectorsoftheTESOLInterna'onalAssocia'on.
Joealsoworksasaconsultant,advisingschoolsonEnglishlanguageneedsandgivingprofessionaldevelopmentworkshops.HehasworkedasanEnglishLanguageSpecialistfortheU.S.DepartmentofStateinOman,Bahrain,theUnitedArabEmirates,andSpain.NextweekhewillbetravelingtogiveworkshopsandconferencetalksinCambodiaandVietnam.
Implemen$ngContent-BasedLanguageInstruc$oninyourClassroom
JoeMcVeighFebruary6,2019
©2019byJoeMcVeigh.Implemen'ngContent-BasedLanguageInstruc'oninyourClassroomfortheOfficeofEnglishLanguagePrograms.ThisworkislicensedundertheCrea'veCommonsACribu'on4.0License,exceptwherenoted.Toviewacopyofthislicense,visithCp://crea'vecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Today we will
• definecontent-basedinstruc'on(CBI)andrelatedterms• considerhowtostructureaCBIlesson• findsourcematerials• establishlanguageandcontentobjec'ves• adapttextsasneeded• determinekeyvocabulary• developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• assessstudentlearning
Whatdoescontent-basedinstruc'onmean?
Content-based language instruc6on is teaching English and teaching another subject area together in the same course
WhataresomepossiblecontentareasorsubjectsthatcanbetaughtinEnglish?
Geography
History
Math
Physics
Chemistry
Different kinds of content-based language instruc6on
• Content-basedinstruc'on(CBI)• ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)• EnglishasaMediumofInstruc'on(EMI)
Alltypesofcontent-basedinstruc'on(CBI,CLIL,EMI)havethesamegoalsforstudents:
1. constructknowledgeanddevelopunderstandingaboutatopicand
alearningtask;
2. uselanguagemeaningfullyandpurposefully;and
3. learnaboutlanguageinthecontextoflearningthroughlanguage.
Different kinds of content-based language instruc6on
• Content-basedinstruc'on(CBI)• ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)• EnglishasaMediumofInstruc'on(EMI)
Content-basedinstruc'on(CBI)
• Aformaldefini'on:Content-basedinstruc'on(CBI)is“Theintegra'onoflanguageteachingaimswithcontentinstruc'on”(Snow2014)
• ModelsofCBI(Brinton&Snow2017)
• Shelteredinstruc$on:Teachersupportsstudentsinclass• Theme-basedinstruc$on:Englishclassfocusesonaspecificthemeoridea• Adjunctinstruc$on:Twoteachersworktogether(ofeninuniversitysegngs),oneoncontentandoneonlanguage
ModelsofCBI
• Shelteredinstruc'on• CommonlyusedinEnglish-speakingcountrieswithnon-na'vestudents,forexampleinCanadaandtheUnitedStates
• Secondlanguagestudentsareseparatedfromna'veEnglishstudents• Eitheraseparateclassora“pullout”program• AnEnglishteacheroffersaddi'onalsupportforunderstanding• MayusetheSIOP(ShelteredInstruc'onObserva'onProtocol)model(Echevarria,Vogt,&Short,2017)
• Example• PrimaryschoolintheUnitedStates• Basicscienceclass• Courseisen'relyinEnglish.TeachercarefullyincludeslessonstomakesurethatEnglishlearnersunderstandthecontent
ModelsofCBI
• Theme-basedinstruc'on• FoundinanEnglishlanguagecourse• Themesandtopicsareselectedaccordingtostudentinterestsandneeds• Maybeanen'recourseoronlypartofthecourse• Containsreadings,listeningmaterialsandothercontentabouttheselectedtheme• Mayintegratelanguageskillssuchaslistening,speaking,reading,andwri'ng
• Example• SecondaryschoolinJapan• IntermediatespokenEnglishclass• Teacherchoosestheme:marriage• Videoofcontent;small-groupdiscussions,role-plays,wri'ngassignments
A good example of theme-based instruc6on
FromEnglishTeachingForum
ModelsofCBI
• Theadjunctmodel• Acontentcourseandalanguagecourseareconductedatthesame'me• Languagestudentstakeaseparateclassinaddi'ontotheregularcourse• Ofenconductedwithtwodifferentteachers• Assessmentofcontentbycontentteacher;languagebylanguageteacher
• Example• UniversityinNewZealand• Introductorycourseinsociology• Languagestudentsjoinwithna'veEnglishspeakers• LanguagestudentsmeetseparatelywithEnglishteacher• Focusonhelpingstudentunderstandcoursecontent:vocabulary,reading,lectures,andprepareforwri'ngassignments
Types of content-based language instruc6on
• ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)• Commoninprimaryandsecondaryschools.• Primaryfocusisonthecontent.Languagelearningtakesplaceindirectly.• Ofenagovernmentpolicy,popularinEurope• Exposuretolanguagegraduallyincreases
• Example• AhighschoolinSpain• Physicaleduca'onclasses(PE,gym)• Ac'vi'esareconductedabout60%inEnglish,40%inSpanish• Afairamountofexplicitlanguagesupport–changesover'me
Types of content-based language instruc6on
• EnglishasaMediumofInstruc'on(EMI)• Commonatuniversitylevel• Focusisoncontent,whichisdeliveredinthesecondlanguage• Intensiveexposuretothesecondlanguage–butmaynothaveexplicitlanguageinstruc'on
• Example• AuniversityinSaudiArabia• Graduatelevelcoursesinlaw• Books,lectures,wri'ng,andexamsareallinEnglish• Minimalexplicitlanguagesupport
Review:ModelsofCBI
• Content-basedinstruc'on(CBI)• Shelteredinstruc'on• Theme-basedinstruc'on• Theadjunctmodel
• ContentandLanguageIntegratedLearning(CLIL)• EnglishasaMediumofInstruc'on(EMI)
Review:Alltypesofcontent-basedinstruc'on(CBI,CLIL,EMI)havethesamegoalsforstudents:
1. constructknowledgeanddevelopunderstandingaboutatopicand
alearningtask;
2. uselanguagemeaningfullyandpurposefully;and
3. learnaboutlanguageinthecontextoflearningthroughlanguage.
Balancing language and content
Balancing language and content
Alanguage-contentcon'nuumMorefocusonMorefocusonLANGUAGECONTENT
Balancing language and content
Language-Driven• ContentisusedtolearnL2.• Languagelearninghaspriority.• Contentlearningisincidental.• Languageobjec'vesdeterminedbyL2coursegoalsorcurriculum.• Teacherintegratescontentintolanguage-basedcourse• Studentsevaluatedonlanguageskills/proficiency.
Content-Driven• ContentistaughtinL2.• Contentlearningispriority.• Languagelearningissecondary.• Contentobjec'vesdeterminedbycoursegoalsorcurriculum.• Teachersselectlanguageobjec'vesforcontent-basedcourse• Studentsevaluatedoncontentmastery.
(fromMet,1999)
Planning and structuring lessons
Structuring lessons
• Findsourcematerials• Establishcontentobjec'ves• Establishlanguageobjec'ves• Adapttextsasneeded• Determinekeyvocabulary• Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• Assessstudentlearning
Find source materials
NASASpaceshot
Finding materials: NASA
Ac'va'ngbackgroundknowledge(schema)
NASA
Structuring lessons
• Findsourcematerials• Establishcontentobjec'ves• Establishlanguageobjec'ves• Adapttextsasneeded• Determinekeyvocabulary• Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• Assessstudentlearning
Establishing objec6ves – what is the target ?
What do I want the students to be able to do as the result of the instruc6on?
Establishing objec6ves
• Contentobjec'ves:studentswillbeableto_________________.• describethewatercycle• explainhowevapora'onworks• giveexamplesofdifferentkindsofprecipita'on
• Languageobjec'ves:studentswillbeableto_________________.• define3keyvocabularyterms• usethesimplepresenttensecorrectlyinaspokenexplana'on• writeawell-structuredparagraph
Structuring lessons
• Findsourcematerials• Establishcontentobjec'ves• Establishlanguageobjec'ves• Adapttextsasneeded• Determinekeyvocabulary• Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• Assessstudentlearning
Adapt texts as needed
Earth is truly unique in its abundance of water. Water is necessary to sustain life on Earth, and helps 6e together the Earth's lands, oceans, and atmosphere into an integrated system. Precipita6on, evapora6on, freezing and mel6ng and condensa6on are all part of the hydrological cycle - a never-ending global process of water circula6on from clouds to land, to the ocean, and back to the clouds.
Vocabulary profile
EarthistrulyuniqueinitsabundanceofwaterWaterisnecessarytosustainlifeonEarthandhelps'etogethertheEarthslandsoceansandatmosphereintoanintegratedsystemPrecipita'onevapora'onfreezingandmel'ngandcondensa'onareallpartofthehydrologicalcycleaneverendingglobalprocessofwatercircula'onfromcloudstolandtotheoceanandbacktotheclouds
VocabularyProfilerattheUniversityofHongKonghCp://www4.caes.hku.hk/vocabulary/profile.htm
RED:1-1000wordsGREEN:1001-2000wordsBLUE:AcademicWordListwordsBLACK:Off-listwords
Adapt texts as needed
Methods for simplifying content
• Scaffolding=suppor'ngthelanguagelearner• Explainingvocabulary• Usinggraphs,charts,diagrams,orpictures• Usinggraphicorganizers• Limi'ngtheamountofnewinforma'onthatisintroduced
Methods for simplifying content
• Changethecontentsoitiseasier• Re-writethetextsoituseseasiervocabularyandissimpler• Provideexplana'onsofkeyconceptsinsimpleEnglishorthefirstlanguage• Re-recordaudiopassagestobeslowerandclearer• Introducethecontentmoreslowly• Providesub'tlesforvideos
Structuring lessons
• Findsourcematerials• Establishcontentobjec'ves• Establishlanguageobjec'ves• Adapttextsasneeded• Determinekeyvocabulary• Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• Assessstudentlearning
Which is more important, grammar or vocabulary?
The importance of subject-specific academic vocabulary
Mostpeopledonot__________howmuch__________affectsthem.
Itcanaffecthowpeoplethink,__________,andact.Some
__________,suchasthosein__________,canhavethesame
__________foreveryone.Other__________meaningsmaybe
differentindifferent__________.Wecan__________our__________
ofourselvesandtheworldaroundusbylearningaboutwhat
__________canmeanor__________.
The importance of subject-specific academic vocabulary
Mostpeople____________________realizehowmuchcoloraffects
__________.It__________affecthowpeoplethink,feel,andact.
__________colors,suchasthose__________nature,canhavethesame
meaning__________everyone.Othercolormeanings__________
__________different__________differentcultures.We__________
increaseourunderstanding__________ourselvesandtheworldaround
__________bylearningaboutwhatcolors__________mean__________
represent.
The importance of subject-specific academic vocabulary
Mostpeopledonotrealizehowmuchcoloraffectsthem.Itcanaffect
howpeoplethink,feel,andact.Somecolors,suchasthoseinnature,
canhavethesamemeaningforeveryone.Othercolormeaningsmay
bedifferentindifferentcultures.Wecanincreaseourunderstandingof
ourselvesandtheworldaroundusbylearningaboutwhatcolorscan
meanorrepresent.
The importance of subject-specific academic vocabulary
NASA
Structuring lessons
• Findsourcematerials• Establishcontentobjec'ves• Establishlanguageobjec'ves• Adapttextsasneeded• Determinekeyvocabulary• Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• Assessstudentlearning
Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent
• Modifythetaskssotheyareappropriateforyourstudents• Ac'vatebackgroundknowledge• Teachunfamiliarvocabularywords• Introducecontentviareading,listening,orvideo• Scaffoldstudentunderstandingwithillustra'ons,graphs,anddiagrams• Givestudentsopportuni'estousethenewlanguage
Small group ac6vi6es
Lab work and individual experiments
Making posters for display
Wri6ng
Sequencing ac6vi6es
Structuring lessons
• Findsourcematerials• Establishcontentobjec'ves• Establishlanguageobjec'ves• Adapttextsasneeded• Determinekeyvocabulary• Developtaskstohelpstudentsunderstandthecontent• Assessstudentlearning
Assessing student work
Models for assessing student work
• Areweassessinglanguageorcontent?Orboth?• Isourfeedbackforma'veorsumma've?• Whatwillweaskstudenttodotodemonstratetheirknowledge?
Forma6ve vs. summa6ve assessment
Sample tasks for the classroom
NASA
Direc'ons:Writethecorrecttermineachbox.
Wri6ng ac6vi6es
Oral presenta6on
PuYng it all together
References
Content-BasedSecondLanguageInstruc'on:Whatisit?CenterforAdvancedResearchonLanguageAcquisi'on(CARLA)attheUniversityofMinnesotahCp://carla.umn.edu/cobalC/CBI.htmlHauschile,S.,Poltavtchenko,E.,&Stoller,F.L.(2012).Goinggreen:Mergingenvironmentaleduca'onandlanguageinstruc'on.EnglishTeachingForum2012,No.2,pp.2-13hCps://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/50_2_3_hauschild-et-al.pdfHorn,B.(2011).Thefutureisnow:Preparinganewgenera'onofCBIteachers.EnglishTeachingForum2011,No.3,pp.2-9hCps://americanenglish.state.gov/files/ae/resource_files/49_3_2_horn.pdfMet.M.(1999,January).Content-basedinstruc'on:Definingterms,makingdecisions.NFLCReports.Washington,DC:TheNa'onalForeignLanguageCenterSnow,M.A.&Brinton,D.M.(2017)Thecontent-basedclassroom:Newperspec'vesonintegra'nglanguageandcontent(2nded.).AnnArbor:UniversityofMichiganPress.WaterCycleUnit:hCps://pmm.nasa.gov/educa'on/water-cycle
Email:[email protected]
americanenglishwebinars.comamericanenglish.state.gov
facebook.com/AmericanEnglishatStatefacebook.com/AmericanEnglishforEducators
Thankyou!