“i’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies...
TRANSCRIPT
“I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a-bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle skid row drunks who’ve been crapping their pants for 24 hours… then we’ll never be like anyone else. As far as I can see, no one else is ever gonna want to do that shit. But somebody’s gotta do it and I guess it’ll always be the police. But hell, this is the only profession where ya gotta wash your hands before you take a piss!”
-A young patrolman from the Seattle PD (1976)
The Police Culture
The Human Perspective
Environment Coping Mechanism Outcome
Occupational•Danger•Authority
Organizational•Supervisor Scrutiny•Role Ambiguity
Stress
SuspiciousnessMaintain Edge
Lay low / CYACrime Fighter Orientation
Social IsolationLoyalty
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Occupational Culture
What is it?• Accepted practices, rules, principles of
conduct, beliefs, etc. that are developed and transmitted across members as means of coping with a variety of tasks and problems that arise in a given occupation.
What is this important?• Barrier to both reform & accountability
Occupational Environment
Danger• “hypervigilance”Authority• Back to Bittner: coercive authority key aspect
of police role• “license to threaten drastic harm to others”
Organizational Environment
Supervisor Scrutiny• Unpredictable (counterpart to danger)• Punitive (“punishment centered bureaucracy”)Role Ambiguity• 3 roles: crime control, service, order
maintenance• Only crime control gets reinforced/rewarded
Coping Mechanisms
(1) Suspiciousness• Helps deal with uncertainty• Applies to both citizens and new officers(2) Maintaining the edge• Helps deal with danger(3) Cover Your Ass• Helps deal with supervisor scrutiny(4) Crime fighter orientation• Helps deal with role ambiguity
Culture Transmission
How?• Starts at the academy (“war stories”)• Continues during probationary period w/FTO,
peers, and immediate supervisors“Reality Shock”• What officers leaned at the academy is of little
value in guiding day-to-day behavior• Officers look for guidance from veteran
colleagues
Outcomes
Social Isolation• “We” vs. “Them”Loyalty• “Blue wall of silence” – Somewhat overstated now
Back to Systems Theory
• The police culture is an emergent system• The police culture has important effects on:
productivity, satisfaction, and growth
Key Question
Is there a single police culture?Yes and NoYes:• Similar occupational characteristics result in
similar values, beliefs, outlooks, etc.No:• Police values are not uniform or static• Timing of research (1960s – present) and changes
in policing
Occupational Culture
Organizational Culture
Rank Culture
Typologies / Styles
Levels of Analysis
Organizational Culture
3 different cultures:(1) Legalistic: focused on crime fighting(2) Watchman: focused on order maintenance(3) Service: focused on (surprise!) service
Emphasizes top administrator’s and their ability to influence culture
Rank Culture
Street cops vs. Management cops
Street cops:• Culture of patrol personnel • Same tenents as occupational cultureManagement cops• Culture of supervisory personnel• Focused on crime control via traditional model
Officer Types/Styles
• Highlights individualism of police officers• “Craft” of policing: officers learn by personal
experience and develop their own styles.• Styles may or may not be in accordance with
occupational or organizational culture
Key implication: officers adapt to work environment in different ways
Example: Brown’s TypologySelectivity
Aggressiveness Low High
Low Professional Clean-beat crime fighter
High Service Old-style crime fighter
Aggressiveness: taking initiative on the street to control crime, and the preoccupation with order that legitimizes the use of illegal tactics
Selectivity: the belief that all laws should be enforced insofar as possible, and those who consciously assign felonies a higher priority
Reminder
Journal 1 due Wednesday! (start of class)Should include 7 entries:• Textbook chapters: 1, 5, 6, 8, & 11• Wiki readings: Bittner & Paoline
Next class: Chapter 11• Talk about strategic management