“i’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies...

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“I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a-bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle skid row drunks who’ve been crapping their pants for 24 hours… then we’ll never be like anyone else. As far as I can see, no one else is ever gonna want to do that shit. But somebody’s gotta do it and I guess it’ll always be the police. But hell, this is the only profession where ya gotta wash

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Page 1: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

“I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a-bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle skid row drunks who’ve been crapping their pants for 24 hours… then we’ll never be like anyone else. As far as I can see, no one else is ever gonna want to do that shit. But somebody’s gotta do it and I guess it’ll always be the police. But hell, this is the only profession where ya gotta wash your hands before you take a piss!”

-A young patrolman from the Seattle PD (1976)

Page 2: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

The Police Culture

The Human Perspective

Page 3: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Environment Coping Mechanism Outcome

Occupational•Danger•Authority

Organizational•Supervisor Scrutiny•Role Ambiguity

Stress

SuspiciousnessMaintain Edge

Lay low / CYACrime Fighter Orientation

Social IsolationLoyalty

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Page 4: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Occupational Culture

What is it?• Accepted practices, rules, principles of

conduct, beliefs, etc. that are developed and transmitted across members as means of coping with a variety of tasks and problems that arise in a given occupation.

What is this important?• Barrier to both reform & accountability

Page 5: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Occupational Environment

Danger• “hypervigilance”Authority• Back to Bittner: coercive authority key aspect

of police role• “license to threaten drastic harm to others”

Page 6: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Organizational Environment

Supervisor Scrutiny• Unpredictable (counterpart to danger)• Punitive (“punishment centered bureaucracy”)Role Ambiguity• 3 roles: crime control, service, order

maintenance• Only crime control gets reinforced/rewarded

Page 7: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle
Page 8: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Coping Mechanisms

(1) Suspiciousness• Helps deal with uncertainty• Applies to both citizens and new officers(2) Maintaining the edge• Helps deal with danger(3) Cover Your Ass• Helps deal with supervisor scrutiny(4) Crime fighter orientation• Helps deal with role ambiguity

Page 9: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Culture Transmission

How?• Starts at the academy (“war stories”)• Continues during probationary period w/FTO,

peers, and immediate supervisors“Reality Shock”• What officers leaned at the academy is of little

value in guiding day-to-day behavior• Officers look for guidance from veteran

colleagues

Page 10: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Outcomes

Social Isolation• “We” vs. “Them”Loyalty• “Blue wall of silence” – Somewhat overstated now

Page 11: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Back to Systems Theory

• The police culture is an emergent system• The police culture has important effects on:

productivity, satisfaction, and growth

Page 12: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Key Question

Is there a single police culture?Yes and NoYes:• Similar occupational characteristics result in

similar values, beliefs, outlooks, etc.No:• Police values are not uniform or static• Timing of research (1960s – present) and changes

in policing

Page 13: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Occupational Culture

Organizational Culture

Rank Culture

Typologies / Styles

Levels of Analysis

Page 14: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Organizational Culture

3 different cultures:(1) Legalistic: focused on crime fighting(2) Watchman: focused on order maintenance(3) Service: focused on (surprise!) service

Emphasizes top administrator’s and their ability to influence culture

Page 15: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Rank Culture

Street cops vs. Management cops

Street cops:• Culture of patrol personnel • Same tenents as occupational cultureManagement cops• Culture of supervisory personnel• Focused on crime control via traditional model

Page 16: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Officer Types/Styles

• Highlights individualism of police officers• “Craft” of policing: officers learn by personal

experience and develop their own styles.• Styles may or may not be in accordance with

occupational or organizational culture

Key implication: officers adapt to work environment in different ways

Page 17: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Example: Brown’s TypologySelectivity

Aggressiveness Low High

Low Professional Clean-beat crime fighter

High Service Old-style crime fighter

Aggressiveness: taking initiative on the street to control crime, and the preoccupation with order that legitimizes the use of illegal tactics

Selectivity: the belief that all laws should be enforced insofar as possible, and those who consciously assign felonies a higher priority

Page 18: “I’ll tell ya, as long as we’re the only son-of-a- bitches that have to handle ripe bodies that have been dead for 9 days in a 90 degree room, or handle

Reminder

Journal 1 due Wednesday! (start of class)Should include 7 entries:• Textbook chapters: 1, 5, 6, 8, & 11• Wiki readings: Bittner & Paoline

Next class: Chapter 11• Talk about strategic management