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IGCC Working GroupIGCC Working GroupChilled Ammonia & Oxyfuel COChilled Ammonia & Oxyfuel CO22

CaptureCapture

March 27, 2008

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Carbon Capture TechnologiesCarbon Capture Technologies

AirSeparation

UnitGasifier CO2

SeparationGas TurbineAir

O2

N2

Fuel

H2+CO2

CO2

H2

Flue

Gas

AirSeparation

UnitAir

N2

CO2Boiler

IGCC

Oxy-Coal CombustionO2

CO2

Boiler CO2Scrubber

Air

Fuel

N2+CO2 FlueGas

Post-Combustio

n

Air

Fuel

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Stages of Process DevelopmentStages of Process Development• Concept• Lab bench • Pilot• Demonstration• Semi-commercial• Commercial

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New Technology Deployment Curve for CoalNew Technology Deployment Curve for Coal

Research Development Demonstration Deployment Mature Technology

Time

Ant

icip

ated

Cos

t of F

ull-S

cale

App

licat

ion

Oxyfuel

CO2 Storage

CO2 Capture

IGCC Plants

USCPC Plants

SCPC Plants

1150°F+ 1100°F

<1100°F 1050°F

Advanced USCPC Plants1150°F+1400°F

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Post Combustion ProcessesPost Combustion Processes

• Absorption• Adsorption• Membrane• Cryogenic• Biological

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Absorption Processes Absorption Processes

• Chemical Solvents– Amines, Ammonia, Potassium

Carbonates– Small scale testing for pulverized

coal power plants

• Physical Solvents– Selexol, Rectisol– New to IGCC power plants

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Amine ProcessAmine Process• ~70 yrs in Oil & Gas industry

on smaller scale• PC Plant: 29% Energy

requirement • Expensive reagent, heat

regeneration, solvent degradation (O2) and losses (SO2 & NO2) , corrosion

• 3 x <15 MWt coal installations in U.S.

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Chemical Absorption BasicsChemical Absorption Basics

• Absorb CO2 in solution

• Release CO2 from solution

• Similarities for amine and ammonia

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Alstom Chilled AmmoniaAlstom Chilled Ammonia• Modifications:

– Chiller for absorption, ~40 F– Solids in absorption– Pressurized regeneration, ~300

psi– Integration

• Targets:– 20-25% Energy requirement– 2015 Commercial

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Alstom CAP Pilot PlantAlstom CAP Pilot Plant

• 1.7 MWe slip stream• Pleasant Prairie, Wisconsin • 9 mo construction• Currently: In start up• Testing begin May-June• 1 yr operation

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Alstom CAPAlstom CAP

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Alstom Chilled AmmoniaAlstom Chilled Ammonia

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Alstom CAP DevelopmentAlstom CAP DevelopmentYr MW Ton/Yr Disposal Host Location

2008 1.7 15k Vent WE Pleasant Prairie Wisconsin

2011 20 100k Saline Aquifer AEP Mountaineer West VA

2012-13 >200 1.5 M EOR AEP N. Easten OK

2008 5 EON Karlsamn Sweden

2009-10 40 80k Statoil Mongstad Refinery

Norway

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ECO2 Ammonia ProcessECO2 Ammonia Process

• PowerSpan Portsmouth, NH• Multi Pollutant Process• Plasma, SOx, NOx, Hg, WESP

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ECO2 Ammonia ProcessECO2 Ammonia Process

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ECO2 Ammonia ProcessECO2 Ammonia Process

• First Energy Burger Plant, Ohio

• Addition to existing Power Span Multi-Pollutant Pilot Process

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ECO2 Ammonia ProcessECO2 Ammonia ProcessYear MW CO2 Disposal Host Location

2008 1 First Energy Burger

Ohio

TBD 120 1 M EOR Basin Electric

N Dakota Weyburn

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Post Combustion COPost Combustion CO22 SummarySummary

• Near Term– Adapt chemical absorption processes

• Ammonia• Amines• Potassium Carbonates

– Demonstrate w/Sequestration 1 M ton/yr

• Mid to Long Term– Adsorption, membranes, cryogenic

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OxyFuel CombustionOxyFuel Combustion

• 95% O2 ASU vs 21% O2 Air• Concentrated CO2 fluegas

stream• Heat transfer• Flame stability• Pollutant formation

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OxyFuel CombustionOxyFuel Combustion

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OxyFuel PC Pilot PlantsOxyFuel PC Pilot PlantsYear Developer MWt Site CO2 Status

2007-08 B&W 30 Barberton, Ohio Vent Testing Underway

2008 VattenFall 30 SchwarzePumpe,

Germany

C&S Start Up May 2008

2010 CS Energy 30 CS Energy,Queensland,

Australia

C&S 2008 Construction

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B&W 15 B&W 15 MWMWtt OxyfuelOxyfuel

•B&W and Utility Advisory Group•Test campaigns lignite, PRB and eastern bituminous coal

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B&W 15 B&W 15 MWMWthth

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Coal &

PO

SO

TO TO

convective section

economizer

Primary superheater

Reheater

Secondary superheater

furn

ace

Coal &

PO

SO

TO TO

SO

TO TO

convective section

economizer

Primary superheater

Reheater

Secondary superheater

furn

ace

B&W 15 B&W 15 MWMWtt

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B&W Lessons LearnedB&W Lessons Learned

• Oxy flame is bright and stable• NOx is significantly reduced (>50%)• SO2 removal not significantly

different than with air • There’s more air infiltration at

CEDF than expected

100+ hours in oxy mode(bituminous coal)

Oxy-coal Flame

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