Spatial Information Service model and considerations in u-City

Insu Cho Department of Information and Industrial Engineering

Yonsei University Seoul, Korea

e-mail: bluefin84@yonsei.ac.kr

Heejun Park Department of Information and Industrial Engineering

Yonsei University Seoul, Korea

e-mail: h.park@yonsei.ac.kr

Abstract—This study proposes the use of a service classification model to determine systematic service in ubiquitous environments. In addition, we identified various issues by analyzing the results and applying them to spatial information services based on ubiquitous environments.

Keywords— ubiquitous service considerations, service classification model, spatial information service

I. CLASSIFICATION OF SPATIAL INFORMATION SERVICE MODEL OF A UBIQUITOUS ENVIRONMENT

In order to systematically design a service for a ubiquitous environment, a suitable service model classification should be identified. From this classification, it is possible to identify the unique characteristics of the ubiquitous service and to design a new service. This paper suggests a new service classification model, focusing on services offered and customer characteristics, that considers the limitations of previous ubiquitous service model classifications and the characteristics of the spatial information industry.

Fig. 1. New Ubiquitous Service Classification Model

Customer focus, one of the classification axes, consists of

the individual, corporation and public institutions. Offering focus, which is another axis of the classification method, was developed by improving the classification of intelligence levels, which was refined in previous studies of ubiquitous service models.

II. CONSIDERATIONS OF DESIGNING A SERVICE MODEL The service characteristics, from the view of the customer and technology in a ubiquitous environment, which were studied in previous research, and the spatial information services are summarized in the following table. The characteristics were defined by three GIS experts who were interviewees to help our study.

TABLE I. CONSIDERATIONS

Viewpoint Considerations Researchers

Technology - Spatial information

awareness

- Stability of service

- Inference of context

- Safety of privacy

[1], [2], [3]

Customers - Individually customized

service

- Accuracy of spatial

information

- Newest spatial information

- Response rate of service

- Convenience of terminal

environment

[4], [5], [6]

III. EVALUATION OF EACH SERVICE MODEL’S CONSIDERATIONS

We investigated u-spatial information service cases that represented an attribution for each cell. We distributed questionnaires to experts in the field, asking about the considerations of each of the u-service cases in ubiquitous service fields. We surveyed 47 experts who were currently participating in projects related to u-service and GIS.

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A. P-CA service (e.g. u-Urban facilities management service)

Fig. 2. Result of importance about u-Urban facilities

management service

B. P-CI service (e.g. Intelligent transportation system service)

Fig. 3. Result of importance about Intelligent transportation

system service

C. C-CA service (e.g. u-Logistics management service)

Fig. 4. Results of importance pertaining to u-Logistics

management service

D. C-CI service (e.g. gCRM)

Fig. 5. Result of important degree about gCRM

E. I-CA service (e.g. Location tracking service)

Fig. 6. Result of importance about Location tracking service

F. I-CI service (e.g. Intelligent life information offering service)

Fig. 7. Results of importance about Intelligent life information

offering services

IV. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS First, this paper suggested ways to analyze previous service

classifications and extract considerations of u-spatial information services from them. We suggested that a service classification model is the most appropriate to a ubiquitous environment. With this classification, it was possible to develop more systematic service ideas. Secondly, we conducted an analysis of the service characteristics in terms of both the customer’s viewpoint and the technology’s viewpoint related to u- spatial information service. In addition, this paper suggests several considerations that are essential to the development of such services, which are reflected in the characteristics of the spatial information industry. Finally, previous research was limited in terms of the concepts of ubiquitous service models that were applied. However, this paper was an empirical study, using interviews and questionnaires with industry experts and staff who are currently working in the field. This implies a validity of our service classification model and the considerations for each service, as the service designer or developer was used as foundational material. Through this research, it is possible to provide a base for these services that is good for both users and providers, by identifying service technology developing strategies based on customer needs.

The limitations of this study relate to whether the represented services accurately represent the characteristics of each cell in the service classification. Though the examples were created by verifying interviews and meeting with three GIS experts, additional service model examples, which would supporting the classification characteristics, are needed in order to test the validity of our classification scheme. In addition, the research related to various services areas, with the exception of the spatial industry service, should be studied in order to apply the classification to a broader area.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT (Heading 5) This work is financially supported by Korea Minister of

Ministry of Land, Transport and Martime Affairs(MLTM) as 「U-City Master and Doctor Course Grant Program」

REFERENCES

[1] Strassner, M., & Schoch, T. (2002). Today's impact of ubiquitous computing on business processes. Pervasive 2002, Short paper Proceeding.

[2] Gerla, M. et al. (2005). Ubiquitous Video Streaming : A System Perspective. Advances in Pervasive Computing and Networking, 197-212.

[3] Leem, C. S. et al. (2005). A Business Model(BM) Development Methodology in Ubiquitous Computing Environment. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 3484(4), 86-95.

[4] Fano, A., & Gershman, A. (2002). The Future of Business Services in the Age of Ubiquitous Computing. Communications of the ACM, 45(12), 83-87.

[5] Kim, J. Y. et al. (2009). Developing a Classification Matrix of Intelligent Geospatial Information Services, Korea Spatial Information System Society, 11(1)

[6] Lee, J., Lee, Y., & Park, J. (2007). Developing Value Framework of Ubiquitous Computing. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 4490(4), 629-635.