ICSE2010 Proc. 2010, Melaka, Malaysia

Stimulation Effect of FBGs En route Four Wave

Mixing Constructions Exploiting Photonic Crystal

Fibre Presents

Mohd Nizam Abdullah1,2

, Abang Annuar Ehsan1, Member, IEEE, Mohd Nasir Zainal Abidin

2 and Abdul Rashid

Zainal Abidin2

1Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN)

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2National Metrology Laboratory

SIRIM Berhad

Lot PT4803 Bandar Baru Salak Tinggi

43900 Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia

Email: mnizam@sirim.my

Abstract- An experimental coordination was developed to

evaluate Four Wave Mixing (FWM) progression. A 20 m

photonic crystal fibre (PCF) zero dispersion at 1040 nm and a set

of Fibre Bragg Gratings are engaged to stimulate pumped signals

endow with FWM phenomenon. The set of FBGs consist three

types of FBGs; A (1532.89 nm & reflectivity 88.4%), B (1530.47

nm & reflectivity 89.9%) & C(1535.04 nm & reflectivity 92.4%).

I. INTRODUCTION

THROUGH the years, conventional optical fibres have

evolved into various figures since its introduction in the 70s

[1]. Till mid 90s, PCF was first introduced with hexagonal

lattice of air holes in a silica fibre with a solid or hollow core at

the centre which guided light [2]. The exploration of PCF

capability is widely endeavoured to discover the fruitful

impacts towards various applications such telecommunications,

medical science, sensors and many more [2]. Due to its

structured, the non linearity efficiency can be realised for

application as FWM and Raman Amplifier. The occurrence of

non linear effects has the potential to stimulate multi

wavelength process [3]. Previous work had shown the

capability of PCF in producing multi wavelength by

incorporating passive devices with effect of FWM [4,5]. Most

of the work are done near zero dispersion of PCF [4,5]. Besides

that, zero dispersion characteristic plays a vital role in

producing FWM phenomenon [6]. In this paper, we report

FWM phenomenon by configuration of PCF which has zero

dispersion distant from the transmission window.

II. EXPERIMENT

The cavity of the set up is shown in Fig.1. A C-band EDFA

(erbium doped fibre amplifier) configuration was developed

which match 980 nm laser pumped to ensure the gain

approximately at 1550 nm. It consists of 11m of erbium doped

fibre, optical isolator at 35dB, 980/1550 WDM (wavelength

Fig.1 The position of PCF and FBGs in cavity

division multiplexer), coupler (10%/90%) at 1550 nm. In order

to stimulate the EDFA, a stabilised current source with stability

of 0.05% is set at 450 mA drives the pump laser diode at high

energy.

It able to produce high gain and reliable stability at 0.05%

based on spectrum output. Then, a three door axis circulator is

positioned after the EDFA. On the exit two, cascade

arrangement of apodised FBGs A (1532.89 nm & reflectivity

88.4%), B (1530.47 nm & reflectivity 89.9%) & C (1535.04

nm & reflectivity 92.4%) is introduced to provide multi

wavelength selections. A 20 m single mode highly non linear

PCF is applied to stimulate FWM phenomenon. It has main

characteristics such as zero dispersion at 1040 nm, non linear

coefficient of 11/Wkm and mode field diameter of 4.00±.2µm.

The 10% spectrum output from the cavity via a coupler (10/90)

is captured by an optical spectrum analyser (OSA) with

resolution of 0.05 nm.

III. RESULTS & CONCLUSION

Based from the cavity set-up, we determine to explore the

FWM occurrence by means of non linear properties i.e PCF

which known to have efficiency of non linear interactions at

363 978-1-4244-6609-2/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE

ICSE2010 Proc. 2010, Melaka, Malaysia

Fig.2 Spectrum output from the cavity without PCF

1060 nm range laser. Two modes of experiment are

accomplished; firstly, without insertion of PCF in cavity and

secondly, insertion of PCF in the cavity. Shown on Fig.2 is the

spectrum output from the cavity without inclusion of PCF. The

multi wavelengths of the spectrum output are based on the

FBGs peak wavelength. The forward high power pumping

from the laser through EDFA generates amplified spontaneous

emission at C-band region which oscillates in the cavity.

Simultaneously, it stimulates the FBGs cascaded arrangement

to reflect respective wavelengths. From the experiment results,

the repeatibility of multi wavelength lasing are encouraging at

0.05% at control room condition.

Fig.3Spectrum output from the cavity without PCF

On the second experiment set up, the result is shown in

Fig.3. The same condition of previous experiment but a PCF is

included in the cavity. Even though, the PCF is highly non

linear, high power laser plays an influential role to stimulate

stability and uniform gain. Subsequently, with attachment of

the PCF, has proved to be vital in producing new wavelengths.

The presence of PCF has excited FWM phenomenon and

therefore the mode competition is suppressed effectively. As a

result, new wavelengths appear in the spectrum as shown. The

arrangement of FBGs by taking the advantage of its unique

characteristics especially on reflectivity proved its influential

character. In addition, sufficient spacing of respected peak

wavelengths which is approximately less than 3 nm between

each peaks also contribute towards formation of new

wavelengths.

REFERENCES

[1] Kapron F., Keck D.B., Maurer R.D., Appl.Phys.Lett., 17, 423, (1970).

[2] P. St. J. Russell, "Photonic crystal fibers", J. Lightwave. Technol., 24

(12), 4729-4749 (2006).

[3] Xinhuan Feng, Hwa-Yaw Tam and P. K. A. Wai, Switchable

Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser With a Multimode Fiber

Bragg Grating and Photonic Crystal Fiber IEEE Photon.Technol.

Letters, Vol.18, No. 9, May 1, (2006).

[4] S.W.harun, S.Shahi, H.Ahmad, Bismuth erbium doped fiber based

multi wavelength laser assisted by four wave mixing, IEICE

Electronics Express, Vol.6, No.1,40-43 (2009).

[5] Xueming Liu, Xiaoqun Zhou, Xiufeng Tang, Junhong Ng, Jianzhong

Hao, Teck Yoong Chai, Edward Leong, Chao Lu, Switchable and

Tunable Multiwavelength Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser With Fiber Bragg

Gratings and Photonic Crystal Fiber IEEE Photon.Technol., Vol.17,

NO. 8, August (2005).

[6] Kyo Inoue,Tunable and Selective Wavelength Conversion Using Fiber

Four-Wave Mixing with Two Pump Lights IEEE Photon.Technol.

Letters, Vol. 6, No. 12, December (1994).

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